καὶ πορεύου εἰπὲ τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, οἵτινες ἀπέστειλάν σε ἐρωτῆσαι περὶ αὐτῶν· Ὑμεῖς ὀφείλετε ἐρωτᾶν περὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ μὴ οἱ ἄνθρωποι περὶ ὑμῶν.

kai poreuou eipe tois Egrēgorois tou ouranou, hoitines apesteilan se erōtēsai peri autōn; Hymeis opheilete erōtan peri tōn anthrōpōn, kai mē hoi anthrōpoi peri hymōn.

And go, say to the Watchers of heaven who have sent you to petition on their behalf: It is you who ought to petition on behalf of mankind, and not mankind on behalf of you.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:2 (Black 1985 p. 47)


Διὰ τί ἀφήκατε τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸν ὑψηλὸν τὸν ἅγιον τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ μετὰ τῶν γυναικῶν ἐκοιμήθητε, καὶ μετὰ τῶν θυγατέρων τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐμιάνθητε, καὶ ἐλάβετε ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας, καὶ ὥσπερ οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς γῆς ἐποιήσατε, καὶ ἐγεννήσατε υἱοὺς γίγαντας;

Dia ti aphēkate ton ouranon ton hypsēlon ton hagion tou aiōnos, kai meta tōn gynaikōn ekoimēthēte, kai meta tōn thygaterōn tōn anthrōpōn emianthēte, kai elabete heautois gynaikas, kai hōsper hoi huioi tēs gēs epoiēsate, kai egennēsate huious gigantas?

Why did you abandon the high, the holy, the eternal heaven, and lie with women, and defile yourselves with the daughters of men, and take wives to yourselves, and do as the sons of the earth do, and beget giant sons?

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:3 (Black 1985 p. 48)


Καὶ ὑμεῖς ἁγιάσματα πνευμάτων ζώντων ἀθανάτων εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος ὑπήρξατε, καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν γυναικῶν ἐμιάνθητε, καὶ ἐν αἵματι σαρκὸς ἐγεννήσατε, καὶ ἐν αἵματι ἀνθρώπων ἐπεθυμήσατε, καὶ ἐποιήσατε ὥσπερ ποιοῦσιν σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα.

Kai hymeis hagiasmata pneumatōn zōntōn athanatōn eis pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos hypērxate, kai en tō haimati tōn gynaikōn emianthēte, kai en haimati sarkos egennēsate, kai en haimati anthrōpōn epethymēsate, kai epoiēsate hōsper poiousin sarx kai haima.

And you — though you were sanctuaries of living, immortal spirits throughout all the generations of the age — yet you defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and begot offspring in the blood of flesh, and lusted after the blood of men, and did as those who are flesh and blood do.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:4 (Black 1985 p. 48)


Διὰ τοῦτο ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς γυναῖκας, ἵνα σπείρωσιν εἰς αὐτὰς καὶ τεκνωθήσονται τέκνα ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἵνα μηδὲν ἐκλίπῃ αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς.

Dia touto edōka autois gynaikas, hina speirōsin eis autas kai teknōthēsontai tekna ex autōn, hina mēden eklipē autois apo tēs gēs.

Therefore I gave them wives, that they might sow seed in them, and that children might be born of them, so that nothing should fail them upon the earth.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:5 (Black 1985 p. 48)


Ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸ πρῶτον πνευματικοὶ ζῶντες αἰωνίως ἀθάνατοι εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος ὑπήρχετε.

Hymeis de to prōton pneumatikoi zōntes aiōniōs athanatoi eis pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos hypērchete.

But you from the beginning were spiritual, living an eternal life, immortal throughout all the generations of the age.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:6 (Black 1985 p. 48)


διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐποίησα ἐν ὑμῖν θηλείας· οἱ πνευματικοὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν.

dia touto ouk epoiēsa en hymin thēleias; hoi pneumatikoi tou ouranou, en tō ouranō hē katoikēsis autōn.

Therefore I did not make females among you; the spiritual ones of heaven — their dwelling is in heaven.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:7 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ νῦν οἱ γίγαντες οἱ γεννηθέντες ἀπὸ τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ σαρκὸς, πνεύματα ἰσχυρὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καλέσουσιν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔσται ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν.

Kai nyn hoi gigantes hoi gennēthentes apo tōn pneumatōn kai sarkos, pneumata ischyra epi tēs gēs kalesousin autous, kai epi tēs gēs estai hē katoikēsis autōn.

And now the giants, who have been born of spirits and flesh — they shall be called evil spirits upon the earth, and their dwelling shall be upon the earth.

**The foundational demonological etiology of Second-Temple Judaism and Patristic Christianity.** The disembodied spirits of the dead giants become the evil-spirits / demons of the post-flood world: 'the spirits of the giants ... shall be called evil spirits upon the earth; they shall be called evil spirits; for their dwelling shall be upon the earth and within the earth; evil spirits proceeded from their bodies, because they were born from above and the beginning of their creation was from the holy Watchers' (1 En 15:8-9). The etiology supplies the framework that Jub 10, Justin Martyr *2 Apol* 5, Athenagoras, and Tertullian *De Idololatria* 9 all develop systematically. See central entry `giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:8 (Black 1985 p. 49)


πνεύματα πονηρὰ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν ἐξελεύσονται, διότι ἀπὸ τῶν ἄνωθεν γεγένηνται, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἁγίων Ἐγρηγόρων ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτῶν καὶ ἀρχὴ θεμελίου, πνεύματα πονηρὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔσται, καὶ πνεύματα πονηρὰ καλέσουσιν αὐτά.

pneumata ponēra ek tou sōmatos autōn exeleusontai, dioti apo tōn anōthen gegenēntai, kai ek tōn hagiōn Egrēgorōn hē archē tēs ktiseōs autōn kai archē themeliou, pneumata ponēra epi tēs gēs estai, kai pneumata ponēra kalesousin auta.

Evil spirits shall come forth out of their bodies, because they were born from those above; and from the holy Watchers is the beginning of their creation and their first foundation. Evil spirits they shall be upon the earth, and they shall be called evil spirits.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:9 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Τὰ πνεύματα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ πνεύματα τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γεννώμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν.

Ta pneumata tou ouranou en tō ouranō hē katoikēsis autōn, kai ta pneumata ta epi tēs gēs gennōmena epi tēs gēs hē katoikēsis autōn.

The spirits of heaven — their dwelling is in heaven; but the spirits born on the earth — their dwelling is on the earth.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:10 (Black 1985 p. 49)


καὶ τὰ πνεύματα τῶν γιγάντων νεφέλας ἀδικοῦντα φθείροντα προσπίπτοντα μαχόμενα καὶ συντρίβοντα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ λύπην ποιοῦντα· καὶ οὐκ ἐσθίοντα οὐθέν, ἀλλὰ ἀσιτοῦντα, καὶ διψῶντα, καὶ προσκόπτοντα.

kai ta pneumata tōn gigantōn nephelas adikounta phtheironta prospiptonta machomena kai syntribonta epi tēs gēs, kai lypēn poiounta; kai ouk esthionta outhen, alla asitounta, kai dipsōnta, kai proskoptonta.

And the spirits of the giants — wronging the clouds, corrupting, attacking, fighting, and crushing upon the earth, and causing grief — eat nothing, but they hunger and thirst, and they cause offense.

The catalog of demonic-activities: 'afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, work destruction on the earth, and cause trouble; they take no food, but nevertheless hunger and thirst, and cause offences' — the foundational Second-Temple-and-Patristic catalog of demonic-activities, supplying the framework for later Christian-monastic, Hekhalot-magical, and rabbinic demonologies.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:11 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ ἐξανίστανται ταῦτα τὰ πνεύματα ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς γυναῖκας, ὅτι ἐξεληλύθασιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν.

Kai exanistantai tauta ta pneumata epi tous huious tōn anthrōpōn kai epi tas gynaikas, hoti exelēlythasin ap' autōn.

And these spirits shall rise up against the sons of men and against the women, because they have come forth from them.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:12 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Ἀπὸ ἡμέρας τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς σφαγῆς καὶ ἀπωλείας καὶ θανάτου τῶν γιγάντων, οἱ ὁπόθεν τὰ πνεύματα ἐξεληλύθασιν, οἱ καταισχύνοντες ἀπολῶνται· καὶ μέχρι ἡμέρας τελειώσεως τῆς κρίσεως τῆς μεγάλης, ἐν ᾗ ὁ αἰὼν ὁ μέγας τελεσθήσεται, ἅμα τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις καὶ ἀσεβέσιν, τελεσθήσεται.

Apo hēmeras tou kairou tēs sphagēs kai apōleias kai thanatou tōn gigantōn, hoi hopothen ta pneumata exelēlythasin, hoi kataischynontes apolountai; kai mechri hēmeras teleiōseōs tēs kriseōs tēs megalēs, en hē ho aiōn ho megas telesthēsetai, hama tois Egrēgorois kai asebesin, telesthēsetai.

From the day of the time of the slaughter and destruction and death of the giants — from whom the spirits have come forth — those bringing shame shall perish; and until the day of the consummation of the great judgment, in which the great age shall be completed, it shall be completed together with the Watchers and the ungodly.

From the days of the slaughter and destruction and death ⌈of the giants⌉, from the souls of whose flesh the spirits, having gone forth, shall destroy without incurring judgement—thus shall they destroy until the day of the consummation, the great ⌈judgement⌉ in which the age shall be consummated, over the Watchers and the godless, yea, shall be wholly consummated." 2. And now as to the watchers who have sent thee to intercede for them, who had been ⌈⌈aforetime in heaven⌉⌉, (say to them): 3. “You have been in heaven, but ⌈all⌉ the mysteries had not yet been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the women, and through these mysteries women and men work much evil on earth."

4Q204 1 vi 30-33 (Milik 1976 pp. 198-200) — Aramaic partial

Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:1 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ νῦν τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις, οἵτινες ἀπέστειλάν σε ἐρωτῆσαι περὶ αὐτῶν, οἵτινες τὸ πρῶτον ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἦσαν, εἰπέ·

Kai nyn tois Egrēgorois, hoitines apesteilan se erōtēsai peri autōn, hoitines to prōton en tō ouranō ēsan, eipe;

And now, to the Watchers who sent you to petition on their behalf — who from the beginning were in heaven — say:

Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:2 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Ὑμεῖς ἦτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, καὶ πᾶν μυστήριον ὃ οὐκ ἀνεκαλύφθη ὑμῖν, καὶ μυστήριον τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγονὸς ἔγνωτε, καὶ τοῦτο ἐμηνύσατε ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἐν τῇ σκληροκαρδίᾳ ὑμῶν, καὶ ἐν τῷ μυστηρίῳ τούτῳ πληθύνουσιν αἱ θήλειαι καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὰ κακὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.

Hymeis ēte en tō ouranō, kai pan mystērion ho ouk anekalyphthē hymin, kai mystērion to ek tou theou gegonos egnōte, kai touto emēnysate tais gynaixin en tē sklērokardia hymōn, kai en tō mystēriō toutō plēthynousin hai thēleiai kai hoi anthrōpoi ta kaka epi tēs gēs.

You were in heaven, and though no mystery had been revealed to you, yet a worthless mystery you knew; and this you made known to the women in the hardness of your hearts; and through this mystery the women and men multiplied evils upon the earth.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:3 (Black 1985 pp. 50-51)


Λέγε αὐτοῖς· Οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν εἰρήνη.

Say to them: There shall be no peace for you.

Say to them therefore: “You have no peace.”’

Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:4 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ παραλαβόντες με εἴς τινα τόπον ἤγαγον, ἐν ᾧ οἱ ὄντες ἐκεῖ γίνονται ὡς πῦρ φλεγόμενον, καὶ ὅταν θέλωσιν φαίνονται ὡς ἄνθρωποι.

Kai paralabontes me eis tina topon ēgagon, en hō hoi ontes ekei ginontai hōs pyr phlegomenon, kai hotan thelōsin phainontai hōs anthrōpoi.

And they took me and led me to a certain place, in which those who were there become as flaming fire, and when they wish, they appear as men.

And they took ⌈and brought⌉ me to a place in which those who were there were like flaming fire, and, when they wished, they appeared as men. 2. And they brought me to the place of darkness, and to a mountain the point of whose summit reached to heaven. 3. And I saw the places of the luminaries ⌈and the treasuries of the stars⌉ and of the thunder ⌈and⌉ in the uttermost depths, where were a fiery bow and arrows and their quiver, ⌈⌈and a fiery sword⌉⌉ and all the lightnings. 4. And they took me to the living waters, and to the fire of the west, which receives every setting of the sun. 5. And I came to a river of fire in which the fire flows like water and discharges itself into the great sea towards the west. 6. I saw the great rivers and came to the great ⌈river and to the great⌉ darkness, and went to the place where no flesh walks. 7. I saw the mountains of the darkness of winter and the place whence all the waters of the deep flow. 8. I saw the mouths of all the rivers of the earth and the mouth of the deep.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:1 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ ἤγαγόν με εἰς τόπον σκοτεινόν, καὶ εἰς ὄρος, οὗ ἡ κεφαλὴ ἀφικνεῖτο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.

Kai ēgagon me eis topon skoteinon, kai eis oros, hou hē kephalē aphikneito eis ton ouranon.

And they led me to a dark place, and to a mountain, the summit of which reached to heaven.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:2 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ εἶδον τόπους τῶν φωστήρων καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς τῶν ἀστέρων καὶ τῶν βροντῶν, καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀκρότατα τοῦ ἀβύσσου, ὅπου τόξον πυρὸς καὶ τὰ βέλη αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ θήκη αὐτῶν, καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἀστραπαί.

Kai eidon topous tōn phōstērōn kai tous thēsaurous tōn asterōn kai tōn brontōn, kai eis ta akrotata tou abyssou, hopou toxon pyros kai ta belē autōn kai hē thēkē autōn, kai pasai hai astrapai.

And I saw the places of the luminaries, and the storehouses of the stars and of the thunders, and into the uttermost depths of the abyss, where were a bow of fire and its arrows and their quiver, and all the lightnings.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:3 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ ἤγαγόν με μέχρι τοῦ ζοφώδους ὕδατος καὶ μέχρι τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς δύσεως, τὸ προσδεχόμενον πάντας τοὺς φωστῆρας τοῦ ἡλίου.

Kai ēgagon me mechri tou zophōdous hydatos kai mechri tou pyros tēs dyseōs, to prosdechomenon pantas tous phōstēras tou hēliou.

And they led me as far as the gloomy water, and as far as the fire of the west, which receives every setting of the sun.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:4 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ ἦλθον ἐπὶ ποταμὸν πυρός, οὗ τὸ πῦρ ῥεῖ ὡς ὕδωρ, καὶ ἐκχεῖται εἰς θάλασσαν μεγάλην πρὸς δυσμάς.

Kai ēlthon epi potamon pyros, hou to pyr rhei hōs hydōr, kai ekcheitai eis thalassan megalēn pros dysmas.

And I came to a river of fire, whose fire flows like water, and pours itself into the great sea toward the west.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:5 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ποταμοὺς τοὺς μεγάλους, καὶ ἕως τοῦ μεγάλου ποταμοῦ καὶ ἕως τοῦ μεγάλου σκότους ἤγγισα, καὶ ἀπῆλθον ὅπου πᾶσα σὰρξ οὐ περιπατεῖ.

Kai eidon tous potamous tous megalous, kai heōs tou megalou potamou kai heōs tou megalou skotous ēngisa, kai apēlthon hopou pasa sarx ou peripatei.

And I saw the great rivers, and I drew near as far as the great river and as far as the great darkness, and I went forth to where no flesh walks.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:6 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ εἶδον τὰ ὄρη τοῦ σκότους τοῦ χειμῶνος καὶ τὸν τόπον οὗ ἐκχεῖται πᾶν τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς ἀβύσσου.

Kai eidon ta orē tou skotous tou cheimōnos kai ton topon hou ekcheitai pan to hydōr tēs abyssou.

And I saw the mountains of the darkness of winter, and the place where all the water of the abyss pours itself out.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:7 (Black 1985 p. 49)


Καὶ εἶδον τὸ στόμα πάντων τῶν ποταμῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ τὸ στόμα τῆς ἀβύσσου.

Kai eidon to stoma pantōn tōn potamōn tēs gēs kai to stoma tēs abyssou.

And I saw the mouth of all the rivers of the earth, and the mouth of the abyss.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:8 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς θησαυροὺς τῶν ἀνέμων πάντων· καὶ εἶδον ὅτι ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐκόσμησεν πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν καὶ τοὺς θεμελίους τῆς γῆς.

Kai eidon tous thēsaurous tōn anemōn pantōn; kai eidon hoti en autois ekosmēsen pasan tēn ktisin kai tous themelious tēs gēs.

And I saw the storehouses of all the winds; and I saw that by them he has ordered all creation and the foundations of the earth.

I saw the treasuries of all the winds: I saw how He had furnished with them the whole creation and the firm foundations of the earth. 2. And I saw the corner-stone of the earth: I saw the four winds which bear [the earth and] the firmament of the heaven. 3. ⌈⌈And I saw how the winds stretch out the vaults of heaven⌉⌉, and have their station between heaven and earth: ⌈⌈these are the pillars of the heaven⌉⌉. 4. I saw the winds of heaven which turn and bring the circumference of the sun and all the stars to their setting. 5. I saw the winds on the earth carrying the clouds: I saw ⌈⌈the paths of the angels. I saw⌉⌉ at the end of the earth the firmament of the heaven above. 6. And I proceeded and saw a place which burns day and night, where there are seven mountains of magnificent stones, three towards the east, and three towards the south. 7. And as for those towards the east, 〈one〉 was of coloured stone, and one of pearl, and one of jacinth, and those towards the south of red stone. 8. But the middle one reached to heaven like the throne of God, of alabaster, and the summit of the throne was of sapphire. 9. And I saw a flaming fire. 10. And beyond these mountains Is a region the end of the great earth: there the heavens were completed. 11. And I saw a deep abyss, with columns ⌈⌈of heavenly fire, and among them I saw columns⌉⌉ of fire fall, which were beyond measure alike towards the height and towards the depth. 12. And beyond that abyss I saw a place which had no firmament of the heaven above, and no firmly founded earth beneath it: there was no water upon it, and no birds, but it was a waste and horrible place. 13. I saw there seven stars like great burning mountains, and to me, when I inquired regarding them, 14. The angel said: ‘This place is the end of heaven and earth: this has become a prison for the stars and the host of heaven. 15. And the stars which roll over the fire are they which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord in the beginning of their rising, because they did not come forth at their appointed times. 16. And He was wroth with them, and bound them till the time when their guilt should be consummated (even) ⌈for ten thousand years⌉.’

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:1 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ εἶδον τὸν λίθον τῆς γωνίας τῆς γῆς· καὶ εἶδον τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀνέμους τοὺς βαστάζοντας τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Kai eidon ton lithon tēs gōnias tēs gēs; kai eidon tous tessaras anemous tous bastazontas tēn gēn kai to stereōma tou ouranou.

And I saw the cornerstone of the earth; and I saw the four winds which bear up the earth and the firmament of heaven.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:2 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ εἶδον ὅτι οἱ ἄνεμοι ἐκτείνουσιν τὰ ὕψη τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἑστήκασιν ἀνὰ μέσον οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς· οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ στῦλοι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Kai eidon hoti hoi anemoi ekteinousin ta hypsē tou ouranou, kai hestēkasin ana meson ouranou kai gēs; houtoi eisin hoi styloi tou ouranou.

And I saw that the winds stretch out the heights of heaven, and stand between heaven and earth: these are the pillars of heaven.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:3 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ἀνέμους τοῦ οὐρανοῦ στρέφοντας καὶ ἐπιφέροντας τὸν τροχὸν τοῦ ἡλίου, καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀστέρας.

Kai eidon tous anemous tou ouranou strephontas kai epipherontas ton trochon tou hēliou, kai pantas tous asteras.

And I saw the winds of heaven turning and bringing along the orb of the sun, and all the stars.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:4 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ἀνέμους ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς βαστάζοντας τὰς νεφέλας. Καὶ εἶδον τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν ἀγγέλων· εἶδον ἐπὶ τοῦ πέρατος τῆς γῆς τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπάνω.

Kai eidon tous anemous epi tēs gēs bastazontas tas nephelas. Kai eidon tas hodous tōn angelōn; eidon epi tou peratos tēs gēs to stereōma tou ouranou epanō.

And I saw the winds upon the earth bearing the clouds. And I saw the paths of the angels; I saw at the end of the earth the firmament of heaven above.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:5 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Καὶ διώδευσα καὶ εἶδον τόπον καιόμενον νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας, ὅπου ἑπτὰ ὄρη ἐκ λίθων πολυτελῶν, τρία πρὸς ἀνατολὰς καὶ τρία πρὸς νότον.

Kai diōdeusa kai eidon topon kaiomenon nyktos kai hēmeras, hopou hepta orē ek lithōn polytelōn, tria pros anatolas kai tria pros noton.

And I passed on and saw a place which burns night and day, where there are seven mountains of precious stones, three toward the east and three toward the south.

**The seven mountains of God** — the first of the two 1 Enoch cosmographic seven-mountain passages (the second is 1 En 24-25). The cosmography extends the existing 5-tradition cosmic-mountain cluster (Sinai/Horeb + Ṣapunu + Nimush/Ararat/Jūdī + mountain-as-revelation-site + Eden-mountain) to a **6-tradition cluster** by adding 1 Enoch 18 + 24-25. See central entry `seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus`. Bidirectional with v2.57.0 `mount-sapunu-tsafon-cosmic-mountain-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bible`, v2.61.0 `har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus`, v2.65.0 `mt-nimush-nisir-ararat-judi-flood-mountain-landing-cross-corpus`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:6 (Black 1985 p. 50)

4Q204 1 viii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 200-203) — Aramaic of seven-mountains list partly preserved


Καὶ τῶν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἓν ἐκ λίθου χρωματιστοῦ, καὶ ἓν ἐκ μαργαρίτου, καὶ ἓν ἐξ ἰάσπεως· καὶ τὰ τοῦ νότου ἐκ λίθου ἐρυθροῦ.

Kai tōn pros anatolas hen ek lithou chrōmatistou, kai hen ek margaritou, kai hen ex iaspeōs; kai ta tou notou ek lithou erythrou.

And of those toward the east, one was of colored stone, and one of pearl, and one of jasper; and those toward the south were of red stone.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:7 (Black 1985 p. 50)


Τὸ δὲ μέσον αὐτῶν προσήγγιζεν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὡσεὶ θρόνος θεοῦ ἐκ λίθου ἀλάβαστρου, καὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ θρόνου ἐκ σαπφείρου.

To de meson autōn prosēngizen tō ouranō, hōsei thronos theou ek lithou alabastrou, kai to akron tou thronou ek sappheirou.

And the middle one among them reached to heaven, like the throne of God, of alabaster stone, and the summit of the throne was of sapphire.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:8 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ εἶδον πῦρ φλεγόμενον. Καὶ τὰ πέρα τῶν ὀρέων ἐκείνων εἶδον τόπον, πέρας τῆς μεγάλης γῆς· ἐκεῖ συντελοῦνται οἱ οὐρανοί.

Kai eidon pyr phlegomenon. Kai ta pera tōn oreōn ekeinōn eidon topon, peras tēs megalēs gēs; ekei syntelountai hoi ouranoi.

And I saw a flaming fire. And beyond those mountains I saw a place — the end of the great earth: there the heavens come to completion.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:9 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ εἶδον χάσμα μέγα ἐν στύλοις πυρὸς οὐρανίου, καὶ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῷ καταβαίνοντας στύλους τοῦ πυρὸς οὐρανίου, οὔτε εἰς μέτρον οὔτε εἰς ὕψος οὔτε εἰς βάθος.

Kai eidon chasma mega en stylois pyros ouraniou, kai eidon en autō katabainontas stylous tou pyros ouraniou, oute eis metron oute eis hypsos oute eis bathos.

And I saw a great chasm with pillars of celestial fire, and I saw within it pillars of celestial fire descending — without measure, without height, without depth.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:10 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ χάσματος τούτου εἶδον τόπον οὐχ ἔχοντα στερέωμα οὐρανοῦ ἐπάνω, οὔτε γῆν τεθεμελιωμένην ὑποκάτω αὐτοῦ· καὶ ὕδωρ οὐκ ἦν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐδὲ πετεινά, ἀλλὰ τόπος ἦν ἔρημος καὶ φοβερός.

Kai epekeina tou chasmatos toutou eidon topon ouch echonta stereōma ouranou epanō, oute gēn tethemeliōmenēn hypokatō autou; kai hydōr ouk ēn ep' autou, kai oude peteina, alla topos ēn erēmos kai phoberos.

And beyond this chasm I saw a place which had no firmament of heaven above it, nor any earth firmly founded beneath it; and there was no water upon it, and no birds — but it was a desolate and terrible place.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:11 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ τόπον εἶδον ἐκεῖ φοβερόν, οὔτε οὐρανὸν ἄνω οὔτε γῆν τεθεμελιωμένην, ἀλλὰ τόπος ἔρημος καὶ φοβερὸς ἦν.

Kai topon eidon ekei phoberon, oute ouranon anō oute gēn tethemeliōmenēn, alla topos erēmos kai phoberos ēn.

And I saw there a terrible place, with no heaven above and no earth firmly founded — only a desolate and terrible place.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:12 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας ὡς ὄρη μεγάλα καιόμενα, καὶ ὡς πνεύματα μοι ὁ ἐπερωτῶντος.

Kai eidon hepta asteras hōs orē megala kaiomena, kai hōs pneumata moi ho eperōtōntos.

And I saw seven stars like great burning mountains, and like spirits, when I asked about them.

**Seven stars like great burning mountains** — the prison for the stars and the host of heaven. The cosmography integrates astronomical-rebellion (stars that failed their orbital-obedience) with angelic-rebellion (the Watchers and the cosmic-host). The integration reflects the broader 1 Enoch interest in astronomical-and-calendrical regularity as cosmic-moral-obligation. See central entry `fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus`. Bidirectional with Jude 6 + 2 Pet 2:4 NT-allusions.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:13 (Black 1985 p. 51)

4Q205 1 xi partial (Milik 1976 pp. 220-222) — Aramaic of fallen-stars description partly preserved


Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ἄγγελος· Οὗτος ὁ τόπος τέλος οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς· δεσμωτήριον τοῦτο ἐγένετο τοῖς ἀστράσιν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Kai eipen ho angelos; Houtos ho topos telos ouranou kai gēs; desmōtērion touto egeneto tois astrasin tou ouranou kai tē stratia tou ouranou.

And the angel said: This place is the end of heaven and earth; this has become a prison for the stars of heaven and for the host of heaven.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:14 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες οἱ κυλιόμενοι ἐν τῷ πυρὶ οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ παραβάντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ πρὸ τοῦ ἀνατεῖλαι αὐτούς, ὅτι οὐκ ἦλθον ἐν τῷ καιρῷ αὐτῶν.

Kai hoi asteres hoi kyliomenoi en tō pyri houtoi eisin hoi parabantes tēn entolēn tou theou pro tou anateilai autous, hoti ouk ēlthon en tō kairō autōn.

And the stars which roll over in the fire are those which transgressed the commandment of God before their rising, because they did not come at their appointed time.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:15 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ ὠργίσθη αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτοὺς μέχρι καιροῦ τελειώσεως τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν, ἕως μυρίων ἐτῶν.

Kai ōrgisthē autois, kai edēsen autous mechri kairou teleiōseōs tēs hamartias autōn, heōs myriōn etōn.

And he was wrathful with them, and bound them until the time of the completion of their sin, until ten thousand years.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:16 (Black 1985 p. 51)


Καὶ εἶπέν μοι Οὐριήλ· Ἐνταῦθα στήσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ συμμίξαντες ταῖς γυναιξίν, καὶ τὰ πνεύματα αὐτῶν πολυμόρφοι γενόμενοι λυμαίνονται τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ πλανήσουσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ θύειν τοῖς δαιμονίοις ὡς θεοῖς, ἕως ἡμέρας τῆς μεγάλης κρίσεως, ἐν ᾗ κριθήσονται εἰς ἀποτελείωσιν.

Kai eipen moi Ouriēl; Entautha stēsontai hoi angeloi hoi symmixantes tais gynaixin, kai ta pneumata autōn polymorphoi genomenoi lymainontai tous anthrōpous kai planēsousin autous eis to thyein tois daimoniois hōs theois, heōs hēmeras tēs megalēs kriseōs, en hē krithēsontai eis apoteleiōsin.

And Uriel said to me: Here shall stand the angels who united with women, and their spirits — having taken many forms — defile humankind and lead them astray into sacrificing to demons as to gods, until the day of the great judgment, on which they shall be judged unto consummation.

And Uriel said to me: ‘Here shall stand the angels who have connected themselves with women, and their spirits assuming many different forms are defiling mankind and shall lead them astray into sacrificing to demons ⌈⌈as gods⌉⌉, (here shall they stand,) till ⌈⌈the day of⌉⌉ the great judgement in which they shall be judged till they are made an end of. 2. And the women also of the angels who went astray shall become sirens.’ 3. And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things: and no man shall see as I have seen.

Uriel's revelation to Enoch: the bound-spirits-of-the-Watchers, the corruption-of-women-by-the-Watchers, the demonological framework. The chapter integrates the Watchers narrative with the demonological etiology of ch 15 — see central entries `watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus` and `giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 19:1 (Black 1985 p. 52)

4Q205 1 xi partial (Milik 1976 pp. 220-223) — Aramaic of Uriel-speech partly preserved


Καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες τῶν παραβάντων ἀγγέλων εἰς σειρῆνας γενήσονται.

Kai hai gynaikes tōn parabantōn angelōn eis seirēnas genēsontai.

And the women of the transgressing angels shall become sirens.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 19:2 (Black 1985 p. 52) — KEY Greek lexeme σειρῆνες


Καὶ ἐγὼ Ἑνὼχ μόνος εἶδον τὴν θεωρίαν, τὰ πέρατα πάντων, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδῃ ἄνθρωπος ὡς ἐγὼ εἶδον.

Kai egō Henōch monos eidon tēn theōrian, ta perata pantōn, kai ou mē idē anthrōpos hōs egō eidon.

And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things; and no man shall see as I have seen.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 19:3 (Black 1985 p. 52)


ואלן שמהת מלאכיא קדישיא די עירין

wĕ-ʾillēn šĕmāhāt malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿīrīn

And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. 2. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartarus. 3. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men. 4. Raguel, one of the holy angels who †takes vengeance on† the world of the luminaries. 5. Michael, one of the holy angels, to wit, he that is set over the best part of mankind ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ over chaos. 6. Saraqâêl, one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit. 7. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim. 8. Remiel, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those who rise.

**The Greek 7-archangel list (Uriel, Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Sariel/Saraqael, Gabriel, Remeiel)** is the developed-canonical form preserved in the Greek Akhmim + Ge'ez witnesses. Each archangel has a distinct cosmic-administrative portfolio; the list is the textual fountainhead of the developed Jewish angelological tradition. Cross-corpus to Tobit 12:15 (Raphael, 'one of the seven holy angels'); Rev 8:2 (the seven angels who stand before God). The Aramaic 4-archangel list at 1 En 9:1 is the older textual-witness configuration — both are preserved per the layered-witness convention. See central entry `seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus` and overlay `aramaic-4-vs-greek-7-archangels-textual-variant-convention`.

4Q204 1 vii 14 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-233) — Aramaic incipit of archangel-list preserved

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:1 (Black 1985 p. 52)


אוריאל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על תבל ועל תהומא

ʾŪrīʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal tēbēl wĕ-ʿal tĕhōmāʾ

Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartarus.

4Q204 1 vii 15 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Uriel preserved

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:2 (Black 1985 p. 52)


רפאל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על רוחי בני אנשא

Rĕfāʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal rūḥē bĕnē ʾănāšāʾ

Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of human beings.

4Q204 1 vii 16 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Raphael preserved

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:3 (Black 1985 p. 52)


רעואל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על נהוריא

Rĕʿūʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal nĕhōrayyāʾ

Raguel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world of the luminaries.

4Q204 1 vii 17 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Raguel preserved

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:4 (Black 1985 p. 52)


מיכאל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על טבת עמא ועל פהיא

Mīkāʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal ṭābāt ʿammāʾ wĕ-ʿal pahyāʾ

Michael, one of the holy angels, set over the best part of the people and over chaos.

4Q204 1 vii 18 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Michael preserved; the 4-archangel-list ends here in the Aramaic

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:5 (Black 1985 p. 52)


Σαρακαήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν.

Sarakaēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn, ho epi tōn pneumatōn tōn hamartōlōn.

Saraqael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits that lead human beings to sin.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:6 (Black 1985 p. 52) — Greek Sarakaēl

Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — Saraqaēl


Γαβριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ παραδείσου καὶ τῶν δρακόντων καὶ Χερουβίν.

Gabriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn, ho epi tou paradeisou kai tōn drakontōn kai Cheroubin.

Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over paradise and the serpents and the cherubim.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:7 (Black 1985 p. 52)


Ῥεμιήλ, ὃν ἔταξεν ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνισταμένων.

Remiēl, hon etaxen ho theos epi tōn anistamenōn.

Remiel, whom God set over those who rise.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:8 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Καὶ ἐκύκλωσα ἕως τόπου ὅπου οὐδὲν ἐποίηται.

Kai ekyklōsa heōs topou hopou ouden epoiētai.

And I went round about as far as a place where nothing is made.

And I proceeded to where things were chaotic. 2. And I saw there something horrible: I saw neither a heaven above nor a firmly founded earth, but a place chaotic and horrible. 3. And there I saw seven stars of the heaven bound together in it, like great mountains and burning with fire. 4. Then I said: ‘For what sin are they bound, and on what account have they been cast in hither?’ 5. Then said Uriel, one of the holy angels, who was with me, and was chief over them, and said: ‘Enoch, why dost thou ask, and why art thou eager for the truth? 6. These are of the number of the stars ⌈of heaven⌉, which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and are bound here till ten thousand years, the time entailed by their sins, are consummated.’ 7. And from thence I went to another place, which was still more horrible than the former, and I saw a horrible thing: a great fire there which burnt and blazed, and the place was cleft as far as the abyss, being full of great descending columns of fire: neither its extent or magnitude could I see, nor could I conjecture. 8. Then I said: ‘How fearful is the place and how terrible to look upon!’ 9. Then Uriel answered me, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said unto me: ‘Enoch, why hast thou such fear and affright?’ And I answered: ‘Because of this fearful place, and because of the spectacle of the pain.’ 10. And he said ⌈⌈unto me⌉⌉: ‘This place is the prison of the angels, and here they will be imprisoned for ever.’

Enoch's tour reaches the cosmographic-confinement-site of the stars who transgressed the commandment of the Lord. The fallen-stars framework integrates astronomical-regularity with cosmic-moral-obligation — the stars who 'failed to come forth in their appointed times' are bound as cosmic-rebels. The framework develops at length in the Astronomical Book (1 En 72-82, Ship B). See central entry `fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:1 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Καὶ εἶδον ἐκεῖ φοβερὸν ἔργον· οὐκ οὐρανὸν ὕψος οὔτε γῆν τεθεμελιωμένην, ἀλλὰ τόπον ἀκατασκεύαστον καὶ φοβερόν.

Kai eidon ekei phoberon ergon; ouk ouranon hypsos oute gēn tethemeliōmenēn, alla topon akataskeuaston kai phoberon.

And I saw there a terrible thing: no height of heaven, no earth firmly founded, but an unformed and terrible place.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:2 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Καὶ ἐκεῖ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ δεδεμένους ἐν αὐτῷ ὁμοίους ὄρεσι μεγάλοις, καὶ ἐν πυρὶ καιομένους.

Kai ekei eidon hepta asteras tou ouranou dedemenous en autō homoious oresi megalois, kai en pyri kaiomenous.

And there I saw seven stars of heaven bound in it, like great mountains, and burning in fire.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:3 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Τότε εἶπον· Διὰ ποίαν αἰτίαν δέδενται καὶ διὰ τί ὧδε ἐρρίφησαν;

Tote eipon; Dia poian aitian dedentai kai dia ti hōde errhiphēsan?

Then I said: For what cause are they bound, and why have they been cast here?

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:4 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Τότε εἶπέν μοι Οὐριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν καὶ αὐτὸς ἡγεῖτο αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπεν· Ἑνώχ, διὰ τί ἐρωτᾷς καὶ διὰ τί ἀνερευνᾷς καὶ φιλομαθεῖς;

Tote eipen moi Ouriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn, hos met' emou ēn kai autos hēgeito autōn, kai eipen; Henōch, dia ti erōtas kai dia ti anereunas kai philomatheis?

Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me and who was leading them, said to me: Enoch, why do you ask, and why do you search out, and why are you eager for knowledge?

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:5 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Οὗτοί εἰσιν τῶν ἀστέρων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ οἱ παραβάντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἐδέθησαν ὧδε μέχρι τοῦ τελειῶσαι μυρίων χιλιάδων ἐτῶν τοῦ χρόνου τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτῶν.

Houtoi eisin tōn asterōn tou ouranou hoi parabantes tēn entolēn tou kyriou kai edethēsan hōde mechri tou teleiōsai myriōn chiliadōn etōn tou chronou tōn hamartēmatōn autōn.

These are of the stars of heaven, those who transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and they were bound here until the completion of ten thousand thousands of years, the time of their transgressions.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:6 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον, φοβερώτερον τοῦ ἐκείνου· εἶδον δὲ φοβερὸν θέαμα, πῦρ μέγα ἐκεῖ καιόμενον καὶ φλεγόμενον, καὶ διαιρέσεις εἶχεν ὁ τόπος καὶ τέλος εἶχεν ἕως τῆς ἀβύσσου, μεστὸς στύλων πυρὸς μεγάλων καταφερομένων· οὔτε μέτρον αὐτοῦ οὔτε μέγεθος ἠδυνάμην ἰδεῖν, οὔτε εἰκάσαι.

Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon, phoberōteron tou ekeinou; eidon de phoberon theama, pyr mega ekei kaiomenon kai phlegomenon, kai diaireseis eichen ho topos kai telos eichen heōs tēs abyssou, mestos stylōn pyros megalōn katapheromenōn; oute metron autou oute megethos ēdynamēn idein, oute eikasai.

And from there I went to another place, more terrible than the former; and I saw a terrible sight — a great fire there burning and blazing — and the place had divisions and reached to the abyss, full of great pillars of fire descending. Its measure and its size I could not see, nor could I conjecture.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:7 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Τότε εἶπον· Ὡς φοβερὸς ὁ τόπος καὶ ὡς δεινὸς εἰς θεωρίαν.

Tote eipon; Hōs phoberos ho topos kai hōs deinos eis theōrian.

Then I said: How terrible is this place, and how dreadful to behold!

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:8 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Οὐριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν, καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Ἑνώχ, διὰ τί φόβον τοιοῦτον ἔχεις καὶ τρόμον; Καὶ ἀπεκρίθην· Διὰ τὸν τόπον τὸν φοβερὸν τοῦτον καὶ διὰ τὴν θεωρίαν τοῦ ἀλγηδόνος.

Tote apekrithē moi Ouriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn hos met' emou ēn, kai eipen moi; Henōch, dia ti phobon toiouton echeis kai tromon? Kai apekrithēn; Dia ton topon ton phoberon touton kai dia tēn theōrian tou algēdonos.

Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said: Enoch, why do you have such fear and trembling? And I answered: Because of this terrible place, and because of the sight of pain.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:9 (Black 1985 p. 53)


Καὶ εἶπεν· Οὗτος ὁ τόπος δεσμωτήριον τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐστὶν, καὶ ὧδε συσχεθήσονται ἕως αἰῶνος.

Kai eipen; Houtos ho topos desmōtērion tōn angelōn estin, kai hōde syschethēsontai heōs aiōnos.

And he said: This place is the prison of the angels, and here they shall be kept forever.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:10 (Black 1985 p. 53)


ומן תמן הלכת לאתר אחרן ואחזיני למערבא טור רב ורם וכף קשי וארבעת אתרין

ū-min tammān hălaktī lě-ʾătar ʾoḥrān wĕ-ʾaḥzěyānī lě-maʿarbāʾ ṭūr rab wĕ-rām wĕ-kēf qašī wĕ-ʾarbaʿat ʾatrīn

And from there I journeyed to another place, and he showed me toward the west a great and lofty mountain, and a hard rock, and four places.

And thence I went to another place, and he showed me in the west ⌈another⌉ great and high mountain [and] of hard rock. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 2. And there was in it †four† hollow places, deep and wide and very smooth. †How† smooth are the hollow places and deep and dark to look at.|| 2. And there were †four† hollow places in it, deep and very smooth: †three† of them were dark and one bright and there was a fountain of water in its midst. And I said: ‘†How† smooth are these hollow places, and deep and dark to view.’ |}

**Enoch's tour reaches the great mountain in the West with four hollow places** — the foundational Second-Temple-Jewish text on the intermediate-state of the dead. The chapter establishes the moral-typology of the dead (righteous / sinners-not-yet-judged / unjustly-killed / wicked-already-punished) and the intermediate-state between death and final judgement. See central entry `four-hollow-places-of-the-dead-1-enoch-22-intermediate-state-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to Luke 16:22-26 (Lazarus-and-the-rich-man parable's intermediate-state cosmography), Rev 6:9-10 (souls of the martyrs under the altar), 4 Ezra 7:75-101, 2 Bar 21:23-24.

4Q204 1 vii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 228-230) — Aramaic mountain-of-the-West and 'four places' preserved

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:1 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Καὶ ἦσαν τρεῖς αὐτῶν σκοτεινοί, καὶ εἷς φωτεινός, καὶ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτοῦ.

Kai ēsan treis autōn skoteinoi, kai heis phōteinos, kai pēgē hydatos ana meson autou.

And three of them were dark, and one was bright, with a spring of water in its midst.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:2 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Καὶ εἶπέν μοι Ῥαφαὴλ ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν, καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Οὗτοι οἱ τόποι οἱ κοῖλοι, ἵνα ἐπισυνάγωνται εἰς αὐτοὺς τὰ πνεύματα τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν νεκρῶν.

Kai eipen moi Raphaēl ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn hos met' emou ēn, kai eipen moi; Houtoi hoi topoi hoi koiloi, hina episynagōntai eis autous ta pneumata tōn psychōn tōn nekrōn.

And Raphael, one of the holy angels who was with me, said to me: These are the hollow places, that the spirits of the souls of the dead may be gathered into them.

Then Raphael answered, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said unto me: ‘These hollow places have been created for this very purpose, that the spirits of the souls of the dead should assemble therein, yea that all the souls of the children of men should assemble here. 4. And these places have been made to receive them till the day of their judgement and till their appointed period [till the period appointed], till the great judgement (comes) upon them.’ {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 5. I saw the spirits of the children of men who were dead, and their voice went forth to heaven and made suit. 6. Then I asked Raphael the angel who was with me, and I said unto him: ‘This spirit—whose is it, whose voice goeth forth and maketh suit?’|| 5. I saw 〈the spirit of〉 a dead man making suit, and his voice went forth to heaven and made suit. 6. And I asked Raphael the angel who was with me, and I said unto him: ‘This spirit which maketh suit, whose is it, whose voice goeth forth and maketh suit to heaven?’ |}

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:3 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Εἰς τοῦτο ἐκτίσθησαν, ἵνα ἐνταῦθα ἐπισυνάγωνται πᾶσαι αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

Eis touto ektisthēsan, hina entautha episynagōntai pasai hai psychai tōn anthrōpōn.

For this purpose they were created, that here all the souls of human beings may be gathered together.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:4 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Καὶ ἐθεώρουν τὰ πνεύματα τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν τεθνηκότων, καὶ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτῶν εἰς οὐρανὸν ἐνέτυχεν καὶ ἐνεκαλεῖτο.

Kai etheōroun ta pneumata tōn huiōn tōn anthrōpōn tōn tethnēkotōn, kai hē phōnē autōn eis ouranon enetychen kai enekaleito.

And I beheld the spirits of the sons of men who had died, and their voice reached to heaven, and made accusation.

**Abel's spirit cries out against Cain** from the first hollow place (the spirits of the righteous). The 1 Enoch narrative-detail is distinctive; it makes the Abel-narrative of Gen 4 the foundational instance of the unjustly-killed-spirit-crying-out-for-vindication framework that Rev 6:9-10 inherits ('How long, O Lord, holy and true, before you will judge and avenge our blood?').

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:5 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Τότε ἠρώτησα Ῥαφαὴλ τὸν ἄγγελον τὸν μετ' ἐμοῦ καὶ εἶπον· Τίνος τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦτο τὸ ἐγκαλούμενον, οὗ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ ἐξέρχεται καὶ ἐγκαλεῖ εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν;

Tote ērōtēsa Raphaēl ton angelon ton met' emou kai eipon; Tinos to pneuma touto to enkaloumenon, hou hē phōnē autou exerchetai kai enkalei eis ton ouranon?

Then I asked Raphael, the angel who was with me, and said: Whose spirit is this which is making accusation, whose voice goes forth and makes accusation up to heaven?

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:6 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη μοι λέγων· Τοῦτο τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστὶν τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἀπὸ Ἄβελ, ὃν ἐφόνευσεν Κάϊν ὁ ἀδελφός, καὶ ἐγκαλεῖ αὐτὸν μέχρι τοῦ ἀπολέσθαι τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθῇ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ.

Kai apekrithē moi legōn; Touto to pneuma estin to exelthon apo Abel, hon ephoneusen Kain ho adelphos, kai enkalei auton mechri tou apolesthai to sperma autou apo prosōpou tēs gēs, kai ek tou spermatos tōn anthrōpōn aphanisthē to sperma autou.

And he answered me, saying: This is the spirit which went forth from Abel, whom Cain his brother slew; and it makes accusation against him until his seed is destroyed from the face of the earth, and his seed is blotted out from among the seed of men.

And he answered me saying: ‘This is the spirit which went forth from Abel, whom his brother Cain slew, and he makes his suit against him till his seed is destroyed from the face of the earth, and his seed is annihilated from amongst the seed of men.’ {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 8. Then I asked regarding it, and regarding all the hollow places: ’Why is one separated from the other?’ || 8. Then I asked regarding all the hollow places: ‘Why is one separated from the other?’ |} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 9. And he answered me and said unto me: ‘These three have been made that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And such a division has been made 〈for〉 the spirits of the righteous, in which there is the bright spring of water. 10. And such has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgement has not been executed on them in their lifetime. 11. Here their spirits shall be set apart in this great pain till the great day of judgement and punishment and torment of those who curse for ever and retribution for their spirits. There He shall bind them for ever. 12. And such a division has been made for the spirits of those who make their suit, who make disclosures concerning their destruction, when they were slain in the days of the sinners. 13. Such has been made for the spirits of men who were not righteous but sinners, who were complete in transgression, and of the transgressors they shall be companions: but their spirits shall not be slain in the day of judgement nor shall they be raised from thence. 14. Then I blessed the Lord of glory and said: ‘Blessed be my Lord, the Lord of righteousness, who ruleth for ever.’ || 9. And he answered me saying: ‘These three have been made that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And this division has been made for the spirits of the righteous, in which there is the bright spring of water. 10. And this has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgement has not been executed upon them in their lifetime. 11. Here their spirits shall be set apart in this great pain, till the great day of judgement, scourgings, and torments of the accursed for ever, so that (there may be) retribution for their spirits. There He shall bind them for ever. 12. And this division has been made for the spirits of those who make their suit, who make disclosures concerning their destruction, when they were slain in the days of the sinners. 13. And this has been made for the spirits of men who shall not be righteous but sinners, who are godless, and of the lawless they shall be companions: but their spirits shall not be punished in the day of judgement nor shall they be raised from thence. 14. Then I blessed the Lord of glory and said: ’Blessed art Thou, Lord of righteousness, who ruleth over the world.’ |}

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:7 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Τότε ἠρώτησα περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ τῆς κρίσεως πάντων καὶ εἶπον· Διὰ τί ἕτερος ἀφ' ἑτέρου διακεχώρισται;

Tote ērōtēsa peri autou kai peri tēs kriseōs pantōn kai eipon; Dia ti heteros aph' heterou diakechōristai?

Then I asked concerning him and concerning the judgment of all, and said: Why is one separated from another?

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:8 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη μοι λέγων· Οὗτοι οἱ τρεῖς ἐποιήθησαν, ἵνα διαχωρίζωνται τὰ πνεύματα τῶν νεκρῶν· καὶ οὕτως διεκρίθησαν τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δικαίων, οὗ ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν αὐτῷ φωτεινή.

Kai apekrithē moi legōn; Houtoi hoi treis epoiēthēsan, hina diachōrizōntai ta pneumata tōn nekrōn; kai houtōs diekrithēsan ta pneumata tōn dikaiōn, hou hē pēgē tou hydatos en autō phōteinē.

And he answered me, saying: These three have been made, that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And thus the spirits of the righteous have been set apart — that one in which is the bright spring of water.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:9 (Black 1985 p. 54)


Καὶ οὕτως ἐκτίσθη τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ὅταν ἀποθάνωσιν καὶ ταφῶσιν εἰς τὴν γῆν καὶ κρίσις οὐκ ἐγένετο ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ ζωῇ αὐτῶν.

Kai houtōs ektisthē tois hamartōlois, hotan apothanōsin kai taphōsin eis tēn gēn kai krisis ouk egeneto ep' autois en tē zōē autōn.

And this has been made for sinners, when they die and are buried in the earth, and judgment has not been executed upon them in their lifetime.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:10 (Black 1985 p. 55)


Ὧδε χωρίζεται τὰ πνεύματα αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν μεγάλην βάσανον ταύτην, ἕως ἡμέρας μεγάλης τῆς κρίσεως καὶ τῶν μαστιγώσεων καὶ βασάνων τῶν κατηραμένων μέχρι αἰῶνος.

Hōde chōrizetai ta pneumata autōn eis tēn megalēn basanon tautēn, heōs hēmeras megalēs tēs kriseōs kai tōn mastigōseōn kai basanōn tōn katēramenōn mechri aiōnos.

Here their spirits shall be set apart into this great torment, until the great day of judgment, and of the scourgings and torments of the accursed forever.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:11 (Black 1985 p. 55)


Καὶ οὗτος ἐκτίσθη τοῖς πνεύμασιν τῶν δικαίων τῶν ἐγκαλούντων, οἵτινες ὑποδηλοῦσιν περὶ τῆς ἀπωλείας, ὅταν ἀνῃρέθησαν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν.

Kai houtos ektisthē tois pneumasin tōn dikaiōn tōn enkalouтōn, hoitines hypodēlousin peri tēs apōleias, hotan anērēthēsan en tais hēmerais tōn hamartōlōn.

And this has been made for the spirits of the righteous who make accusation, those who disclose what happened to their destruction, when they were slain in the days of sinners.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:12 (Black 1985 p. 55)


Καὶ οὕτως ἐκτίσθη τοῖς πνεύμασιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὅσοι οὐχ ὅσιοι ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλοί, οἵτινες συντετελεσμένοι ἀσεβεῖς εἰσιν καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἀνόμων ἔσονται μέτοχοι, καὶ τὰ πνεύματα αὐτῶν οὐ τιμωρηθήσονται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως, οὐδὲ μὴ μετεγερθῶσιν ἐντεῦθεν.

Kai houtōs ektisthē tois pneumasin tōn anthrōpōn hosoi ouch hosioi alla hamartōloi, hoitines syntetelesmenoi asebeis eisin kai meta tōn anomōn esontai metochoi, kai ta pneumata autōn ou timōrēthēsontai en hēmera tēs kriseōs, oude mē metegerthōsin enteuthen.

And this has been made for the spirits of those who are not holy but sinners, who are completed in ungodliness, and shall be companions with the lawless. And their spirits shall not be punished on the day of judgment, nor shall they be raised from there.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:13 (Black 1985 p. 55)


Τότε εὐλόγησα τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης καὶ εἶπον· Εὐλογητὸς εἶ, κύριε τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὁ κυριεύων τοῦ αἰῶνος.

Tote eulogēsa ton kyrion tēs doxēs kai eipon; Eulogētos ei, kyrie tēs dikaiosynēs ho kyrieuōn tou aiōnos.

Then I blessed the Lord of glory, and said: Blessed are you, Lord of righteousness, who rules forever.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:14 (Black 1985 p. 55)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι πρὸς δυσμὰς ὄρος πυρὸς ἀνάπτοντος, διώκοντος ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός.

Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon tēs gēs, kai edeixen moi pros dysmas oros pyros anaptontos, diōkontos hēmeras kai nyktos.

And from there I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me toward the west a mountain of blazing fire, which ran by day and by night.

From thence I went to another place to the west of the ends of the earth. 2. And I saw a burning fire which ran without resting, and paused not from its course day or night but (ran) regularly. 3. And I asked saying: ‘What is this which rests not?’ 4. Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me ⌈⌈and said unto me⌉⌉: ‘This course ⌈of fire⌉ ⌈⌈which thou hast seen⌉⌉ is the fire in the west which †persecutes† all the luminaries of heaven.’

Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:1 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Καὶ ἐπορεύθην πρὸς αὐτό, καὶ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ὄρη ἔνδοξα, πάντα διαφόρους ἀλλήλων ἔχοντα.

Kai eporeuthēn pros auto, kai eidon hepta orē endoxa, panta diaphorous allēlōn echonta.

And I went toward it, and I saw seven glorious mountains, all differing from one another.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:2 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Καὶ ἠρώτησα τὸν ἄγγελον λέγων· Κύριέ μου, τί ἐστιν τὸ πῦρ τοῦτο τὸ μὴ ἀναπαυόμενον;

Kai ērōtēsa ton angelon legōn; Kyrie mou, ti estin to pyr touto to mē anapauomenon?

And I asked the angel, saying: My lord, what is this fire which does not rest?

Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:3 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Ῥαγουὴλ ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὁ μετ' ἐμοῦ ὤν, καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Οὗτος ὁ δρόμος τοῦ πυρός, τοῦ διώκοντος πρὸς τὰ δυσμὰς πάντας τοὺς φωστῆρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

Tote apekrithē moi Raguēl ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn ho met' emou ōn, kai eipen moi; Houtos ho dromos tou pyros, tou diōkontos pros ta dysmas pantas tous phōstēras tou ouranou.

Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said: This is the course of the fire, which pursues all the luminaries of heaven toward the west.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:4 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι ὄρος πυρός, ὃ νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἀνῆπτεν.

Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon tēs gēs, kai edeixen moi oros pyros, ho nyktos kai hēmeras anēpten.

And from there I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me a mountain of fire, which burned night and day.

⌈⌈And from thence I went to another place of the earth⌉⌉, and he showed me a mountain range of fire which burnt ⌈⌈day and⌉⌉ night. 2. And I went beyond it and saw seven magnificent mountains all differing each from the other, and the stones (thereof) were magnificent and beautiful, magnificent as a whole, of glorious appearance and fair exterior: ⌈⌈three towards⌉⌉ the east, ⌈⌈one⌉⌉ founded on the other, and three towards the south, ⌈⌈one⌉⌉ upon the other, and deep rough ravines, no one of which joined with any other. 3. And the seventh mountain was in the midst of these, and it excelled them in height, resembling the seat of a throne: and fragrant trees encircled the throne. 4. And amongst them was a tree such as I had never yet smelt, neither was any amongst them nor were others like it: it had a fragrance beyond all fragrance, and its leaves and blooms and wood wither not for ever: and its fruit ⌈⌈is beautiful, and its fruit⌉⌉ resembles the dates of a palm. 5. Then I said: ‘⌈How⌉ beautiful is this tree, and fragrant, and its leaves are fair, and its blooms ⌈⌈very⌉⌉ delightful in appearance.’ 6. Then answered Michael, one of the holy ⌈⌈and honoured⌉⌉ angels who was with me, and was their leader.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:1 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Καὶ ἐπορεύθην πρὸς αὐτὸ καὶ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ὄρη ἔνδοξα, πάντα τὰ μὲν διαφέροντα ἀλλήλων, λίθων ἐντίμων καὶ ὡραίων, ἔνδοξα ἐν εἴδει καὶ ὡραῖα τὴν ὄψιν· τρία πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἓν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἐστηριγμένον, καὶ τρία πρὸς νότον ἓν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑνός, καὶ φάραγγες βαθεῖαι, μήτε ἐγγίζουσαι ἀλλήλαις.

Kai eporeuthēn pros auto kai eidon hepta orē endoxa, panta ta men diapheronta allēlōn, lithōn entimōn kai hōraiōn, endoxa en eidei kai hōraia tēn opsin; tria pros anatolas hen epi tou henos estērigmenon, kai tria pros noton hen epi tou henos, kai pharanges batheiai, mēte engizousai allēlais.

And I went toward it and saw seven glorious mountains, all differing from one another, of precious and beautiful stones, glorious in appearance and lovely to look upon — three toward the east, one founded upon another, and three toward the south, one upon another, and deep ravines between them which did not approach one another.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:2 (Black 1985 p. 56)

4Q204 1 viii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 232-235) — Aramaic of seven-mountains revisit


Καὶ ἕβδομον ὄρος ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν, ὑπερεῖχεν αὐτοῖς ἐν ὕψει, ὅμοιον καθέδρᾳ θρόνου, καὶ ἐκύκλουν αὐτὸ δένδρα εὐώδη.

Kai hebdomon oros ana meson autōn, hypereichen autois en hypsei, homoion kathedra thronou, kai ekykloun auto dendra euōdē.

And there was a seventh mountain in the midst of them, exceeding them in height, like the seat of a throne; and fragrant trees encircled it.

Enoch's tour reaches the central seventh-mountain — the throne-of-glory mountain. The cosmography integrates the cosmic-mountain tradition (the seven mountains of 1 En 18) with the throne-vision tradition (1 En 14) and the tree-of-life tradition (1 En 25). See central entries `seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus` and `tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:3 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἦν δένδρον τοιοῦτον οἷον οὐ ἐγὼ οὔπω ὠσφράνθην, καὶ οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἦν αὐτοῦ ὅμοιον· ὀσμὴν ἦν εὐωδέστατος πάντων εὐωδῶν, καὶ τὰ φύλλα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἄνθος καὶ τὸ ξύλον οὐδέποτε ξηραίνεται· ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ὡραῖος, ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ὅμοιος βότρυσιν φοίνικος.

Kai en autois ēn dendron toiouton hoion ou egō oupō ōsphranthēn, kai ouden heteron ēn autou homoion; osmēn ēn euōdestatos pantōn euōdōn, kai ta phylla autou kai to anthos kai to xylon oudepote xērainetai; ho karpos autou hōraios, ho karpos autou homoios botrysin phoinikos.

And among them was a tree such as I had never smelled, and none other was like it; its fragrance was sweeter than every fragrance, and its leaves and flower and wood never wither; its fruit is beautiful, its fruit like the clusters of a date palm.

The fragrant tree on the throne-of-glory mountain — the **tree of life** of the 1 Enoch tradition, whose perfume is 'unlike any other perfume' and whose fruit is reserved for the eschatological-righteous-elect. The cosmography is the Second-Temple-Jewish development of the Gen 2:9 + Gen 3:22-24 tree-of-life motif: the Hebrew Bible barring becomes the apocalyptic-eschatological-restoration. See central entry `tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:4 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Τότε εἶπον· Ὡς καλὸν τὸ δένδρον τοῦτο καὶ εὐῶδες, καὶ ὡραῖα τὰ φύλλα, καὶ τὰ ἄνθη αὐτοῦ ὡραιότατα.

Tote eipon; Hōs kalon to dendron touto kai euōdes, kai hōraia ta phylla, kai ta anthē autou hōraiotata.

Then I said: How beautiful is this tree, and how fragrant; and lovely are its leaves, and its flowers most lovely.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:5 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Μιχαὴλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὁ μετ' ἐμοῦ ὤν, καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτῶν ἡγεῖτο.

Tote apekrithē moi Michaēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn ho met' emou ōn, kai autos autōn hēgeito.

Then Michael, one of the holy angels who was with me, and he was leading them, answered me.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:6 (Black 1985 p. 56)


Καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Ἑνώχ, διὰ τί ἐπερωτᾷς καὶ διὰ τί θαυμάζεις περὶ τῆς εὐωδίας τοῦ δένδρου τούτου, καὶ διὰ τί τὸ ἀληθὲς ἐθέλεις γνῶναι;

Kai eipen moi; Henōch, dia ti eperōtas kai dia ti thaumazeis peri tēs euōdias tou dendrou toutou, kai dia ti to alēthes etheleis gnōnai?

And he said to me: Enoch, why do you ask, and why do you wonder at the fragrance of this tree, and why do you wish to know the truth?

And he said unto me: ‘Enoch, why dost thou ask me regarding the fragrance of the tree, and ⌈why⌉ dost thou wish to learn the truth?’ 2. Then I answered him ⌈⌈saying⌉⌉: ‘I wish to know about everything, but especially about this tree.’ 3. And he answered saying: ‘This high mountain ⌈⌈which thou hast seen⌉⌉, whose summit is like the throne of God, is His throne, where the Holy Great One, the Lord of Glory, the Eternal King, will sit, when He shall come down to visit the earth with goodness. 4. And as for this fragrant tree no mortal is permitted to touch it till the great judgement, when He shall take vengeance on all and bring (everything) to its consummation for ever. It shall then be given to the righteous and holy. 5. Its fruit shall be for food to the elect: it shall be transplanted to the holy place, to the temple of the Lord, the Eternal King.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:1 (Black 1985 p. 57)


Τότε ἀπεκρίθην αὐτῷ ἐγὼ Ἑνώχ, λέγων· Περὶ πάντων εἰδέναι θέλω, μάλιστα δὲ περὶ τοῦ δένδρου τούτου.

Tote apekrithēn autō egō Henōch, legōn; Peri pantōn eidenai thelō, malista de peri tou dendrou toutou.

Then I, Enoch, answered him, saying: I wish to know about all things, but most of all about this tree.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:2 (Black 1985 p. 57)


Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη μοι λέγων· Τοῦτο τὸ ὄρος τὸ ὑψηλόν, οὗ ἡ κορυφὴ ὁμοία θρόνῳ θεοῦ, καθέδρα ἐστὶν οὗ καθέσει ὁ ἅγιος καὶ μέγας, ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης, ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ αἰῶνος, ὅταν κατέλθῃ ἐπισκέψασθαι τὴν γῆν μετ' ἀγαθοῦ.

Kai apekrithē moi legōn; Touto to oros to hypsēlon, hou hē koryphē homoia thronō theou, kathedra estin hou kathesei ho hagios kai megas, ho kyrios tēs doxēs, ho basileus tou aiōnos, hotan katelthē episkepsasthai tēn gēn met' agathou.

And he answered me, saying: This high mountain, whose summit is like the throne of God, is the seat where the Holy and Great One, the Lord of glory, the eternal King, shall sit, when he descends to visit the earth with goodness.

'When he will descend to visit the earth in goodness' — the eschatological-descent framework that the Hebrew Bible Sinai-theophany tradition (Ex 19 + Deut 33:2) supplies as the source-material. The throne-of-glory mountain is the cosmic-axis-mundi from which the cosmic-judgement-descent will be made. *the great Lord, the Holy One* is the divine-circumlocution-title convention — see overlay `holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:3 (Black 1985 p. 57)

4Q204 1 ix partial (Milik 1976 pp. 232-235) — Aramaic of throne-mountain partial


Καὶ τοῦτο τὸ δένδρον εὐωδίας, οὐδεμία σὰρξ ἐξουσίαν ἔχει τοῦ ἅψασθαι, μέχρι τῆς μεγάλης κρίσεως, ἐν ᾗ ἐκδίκησις πάντων καὶ τελείωσις μέχρι αἰῶνος.

Kai touto to dendron euōdias, oudemia sarx exousian echei tou hapsasthai, mechri tēs megalēs kriseōs, en hē ekdikēsis pantōn kai teleiōsis mechri aiōnos.

And this fragrant tree — no flesh has authority to touch it, until the great judgment, in which there shall be vengeance upon all and consummation forever.

**The tree of life shall be transplanted to the holy place by the temple of the Lord, the Eternal King.** The eschatological-restoration: the tree-of-life is reserved for the righteous at the great judgement; afterward it is transplanted to the cosmographic-center. The framework is inherited by Rev 22:2, 22:14 (the tree of life in the new Jerusalem); the Rev 22 → 1 En 25 dependency is foundational (Bauckham 1993 *Climax of Prophecy* 310-321).

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:4 (Black 1985 p. 57)


Τότε δικαίοις καὶ ὁσίοις δοθήσεται· ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς εἰς ζωήν, καὶ μεταφυτευθήσεται εἰς τόπον ἅγιον, παρὰ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ, τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ αἰῶνος.

Tote dikaiois kai hosiois dothēsetai; ho karpos autou tois eklektois eis zōēn, kai metaphyteuthēsetai eis topon hagion, para ton oikon tou theou, tou basileōs tou aiōnos.

Then it shall be given to the righteous and the holy: its fruit for the elect, unto life; and it shall be transplanted to a holy place, beside the house of God, the eternal King.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:5 (Black 1985 p. 57)


Τότε εὐφρανθήσονται εὐφραινόμενοι καὶ χαρήσονται, καὶ εἰς τὸν ναὸν εἰσελεύσονται· καὶ ὀσμὴ αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις αὐτῶν, καὶ ζωὴν ζήσονται μακρὰν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὁποίαν ἔζησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν λύπη καὶ μάστιξ καὶ βάσανος καὶ πληγὴ οὐχ ἅψεται αὐτῶν.

Tote euphranthēsontai euphrainomenoi kai charēsontai, kai eis ton naon eiseleusontai; kai osmē autou estai en tois osteois autōn, kai zōēn zēsontai makran epi tēs gēs, hopoian ezēsan hoi pateres autōn, kai en tais hēmerais autōn lypē kai mastix kai basanos kai plēgē ouch hapsetai autōn.

Then they shall rejoice with joy and be glad, and they shall enter the holy place; and its fragrance shall be in their bones, and they shall live a long life on earth, such as their fathers lived, and in their days no sorrow nor scourge nor torment nor plague shall touch them.

Then shall they rejoice with joy and be glad, And into the holy place shall they enter; And its fragrance shall be in their bones, And they shall live a long life on earth, Such as thy fathers lived: And in their days shall no ⌈⌈sorrow⌉⌉ or plague Or torment or calamity touch them.’

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:6 (Black 1985 p. 57)


Τότε εὐλόγησα τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης τὸν βασιλέα τοῦ αἰῶνος, ὅτι ἡτοίμασεν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀνθρώποις δικαίοις, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔκτισεν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς δοθῆναι.

Tote eulogēsa ton kyrion tēs doxēs ton basilea tou aiōnos, hoti hētoimasen ta toiauta anthrōpois dikaiois, kai ta toiauta ektisen kai eipen autois dothēnai.

Then I blessed the Lord of glory, the eternal King, because he had prepared such things for righteous people, and had created such things, and had said that they should be given to them.

Then blessed I the God of Glory, the Eternal King, who hath prepared such things for the righteous, and hath created them and promised to give to them.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:7 (Black 1985 p. 57)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς μέσον τῆς γῆς, καὶ εἶδον τόπον εὐλογημένον, δένδρα ἔχοντα παραφυάδας μενούσας καὶ θαλλούσας.

Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis meson tēs gēs, kai eidon topon eulogēmenon, dendra echonta paraphyadas menousas kai thallousas.

And from there I went to the middle of the earth, and I saw a blessed place, with trees having shoots that remained and flourished.

And I went from thence to the middle of the earth, and I saw a blessed place ⌈in which there were trees⌉ with branches abiding and blooming [of a dismembered tree]. 2. And there I saw a holy mountain, ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ underneath the mountain to the east there was a stream and it flowed towards the south. 3. And I saw towards the east another mountain higher than this, and between them a deep and narrow ravine: in it also ran a stream ⌈underneath⌉ the mountain. 4. And to the west thereof there was another mountain, lower than the former and of small elevation, and a ravine ⌈deep and dry⌉ between them: and another deep and dry ravine was at the extremities of the three ⌈mountains⌉. 5. And all the ravines were deep ⌈⌈and narrow⌉⌉, (being formed) of hard rock, and trees were not planted upon them. 6. And I marvelled ⌈⌈at the rocks, and I marvelled⌉⌉ at the ravine, yea, I marveled very much.

**Enoch's tour reaches the middle of the earth** — the foundational Second-Temple-Jewish apocalyptic-cosmographic statement of the Jerusalem-as-omphalos / center-of-the-earth tradition. The cosmography places Jerusalem (the holy mountain with the water-streams = the Gihon spring, the Temple Mount) at the geographical and cosmographic center. See central entry `jerusalem-as-omphalos-center-of-the-earth-1-enoch-26-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to Ezek 5:5, Ezek 38:12 (the navel of the earth — *ṭabbūr hā-ʾāreṣ*), Jub 8:19 (Mount Zion as the center of the navel of the earth).

Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:1 (Black 1985 p. 58)


Καὶ ἐκεῖ εἶδον ὄρος ἅγιον, καὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ ὄρους ὕδωρ ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν, καὶ ἔρρει τὴν ῥύσιν πρὸς νότον.

Kai ekei eidon oros hagion, kai hypokatō tou orous hydōr ap' anatolōn, kai errei tēn rhysin pros noton.

And there I saw a holy mountain, and beneath the mountain water from the east, and its course flowed toward the south.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:2 (Black 1985 p. 58)


Καὶ εἶδον πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἄλλο ὄρος ὅμοιον, καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν φάραγγα βαθεῖαν, οὐ πλατεῖαν.

Kai eidon pros anatolas allo oros homoion, kai ana meson autōn pharanga batheian, ou plateian.

And toward the east I saw another mountain like it, and between them a deep, narrow ravine.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:3 (Black 1985 p. 58)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ὕδωρ ἔρρει ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ δυτικὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ταπεινότερον αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς φάραγξ ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν βαθεῖα καὶ ξηρά.

Kai ekeithen hydōr errei epi to oros to dytikon autou, kai tapeinoteron autou; kai en autois pharanx ana meson autōn batheia kai xēra.

And from there water flowed toward the mountain to the west of it, and lower than it; and between them was a deep and dry ravine.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:4 (Black 1985 p. 58)


Καὶ ἄλλη φάραγξ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν τριῶν ὀρέων, καὶ φάραγγες βαθεῖαι καὶ ξηραὶ ἐκ τῶν τριῶν· καὶ πᾶσαι φάραγγες βαθεῖαι ἐκ λίθων στερεῶν.

Kai allē pharanx ana meson tōn triōn oreōn, kai pharanges batheiai kai xērai ek tōn triōn; kai pasai pharanges batheiai ek lithōn stereōn.

And another ravine ran between the three mountains, and there were deep, dry ravines between all three; and all the deep ravines were of hard stone.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:5 (Black 1985 p. 58)


Καὶ δένδρα ἐπ' αὐτοῖς πεφυτευμένα. Καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ φάραγγι λίαν.

Kai dendra ep' autois pephyteumena. Kai ethaumazon epi tois oresin kai epi tē pharangi lian.

And trees were planted upon them. And I marveled greatly at the mountains and at the ravine.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:6 (Black 1985 p. 58)


Τότε εἶπον· Διὰ τί ἡ γῆ αὕτη ἡ εὐλογημένη καὶ πεπληρωμένη δένδρων, καὶ ἡ φάραγξ αὕτη ἐν μέσῳ ἐπικατάρατός ἐστιν;

Tote eipon; Dia ti hē gē hautē hē eulogēmenē kai peplērōmenē dendrōn, kai hē pharanx hautē en mesō epikataratos estin?

Then I said: Why is this land — which is blessed and filled with trees — and this ravine in the midst of it accursed?

Then said I: ‘For what object is this blessed land, which is entirely filled with trees, and this accursed valley ⌈⌈between⌉⌉?’ 2. ⌈⌈Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered and said: ‘This⌉⌉ accursed valley is for those who are accursed for ever: Here shall all ⌈the accursed⌉ be gathered together who utter with their lips against the Lord unseemly words and of His glory speak hard things. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | Here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be their place of judgement. 3. In the last days there shall be upon them the spectacle of righteous judgement in the presence of the righteous for ever: here shall the merciful bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal King. || Here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be the place of their habitation. 3. In the last times, in the days of the true judgement in the presence of the righteous for ever: here shall the godly bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal King. |}

**The accursed valley** — the foundational text for the Second-Temple-Jewish and NT geenna eschatological-judgement-site tradition. The cosmography places the accursed-valley in proximity to Jerusalem (continuing the historical-geographical association with the Valley of Hinnom / Topheth precinct of Jer 7:31-32, 19:6 + 2 Kgs 23:10) while developing it into the cosmographic-eschatological-judgement-site framework. See central entry `gehenna-valley-of-hinnom-1-enoch-27-nt-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to the 12 NT *geenna* references (Mt 5:22, 5:29-30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15, 23:33; Mark 9:43-47; Luke 12:5; James 3:6) and to the rabbinic *gehinnōm* tradition.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:1 (Black 1985 p. 59)


Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Οὐριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν, καὶ εἶπεν· Αὕτη ἡ φάραγξ ἡ κατηραμένη τῶν κατηραμένων μέχρι αἰῶνος· ὧδε συναχθήσονται πάντες οἱ κατηραμένοι, οἵτινες λαλήσουσιν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν κατὰ κυρίου λόγον ἀπρεπῆ καὶ περὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ σκληρὰ λαλήσουσιν· ὧδε συναχθήσονται καὶ ὧδε ἔσται τὸ οἰκητήριον αὐτῶν.

Tote apekrithē moi Ouriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn hos met' emou ēn, kai eipen; Hautē hē pharanx hē katēramenē tōn katēramenōn mechri aiōnos; hōde synachthēsontai pantes hoi katēramenoi, hoitines lalēsousin tō stomati autōn kata kyriou logon aprepē kai peri tēs doxēs autou sklēra lalēsousin; hōde synachthēsontai kai hōde estai to oikētērion autōn.

Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said: This accursed ravine is for those who are accursed forever; here shall be gathered together all the accursed, those who shall speak with their mouth against the Lord unfit words, and shall utter hard things against his glory; here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be their habitation.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:2 (Black 1985 p. 59)


Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις ἔσται ἐπ' αὐτῶν τὸ θέαμα τῆς κρίσεως τῆς δικαίας ἐνώπιον τῶν δικαίων εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα· ὧδε εὐλογήσουσιν οἱ ἐλεήμονες τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης, τὸν βασιλέα τοῦ αἰῶνος.

Kai en tais eschatais hēmerais estai ep' autōn to theama tēs kriseōs tēs dikaias enōpion tōn dikaiōn eis hapanta ton aiōna; hōde eulogēsousin hoi eleēmones ton kyrion tēs doxēs, ton basilea tou aiōnos.

And in the last days there shall be upon them the spectacle of righteous judgment before the righteous, throughout all the ages; here shall the merciful bless the Lord of glory, the eternal King.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:3 (Black 1985 p. 59)


Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς κρίσεως αὐτῶν εὐλογήσουσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐλέει, ὃ ἐμέρισεν αὐτοῖς.

Kai en tais hēmerais tēs kriseōs autōn eulogēsousin auton epi tō eleei, ho emerisen autois.

And in the days of their judgment they shall bless him for the mercy which he has apportioned to them.

In the days of judgement over the former, they shall bless Him for the mercy in accordance with which He has assigned them (their lot).’ 5. Then I blessed the Lord of Glory and set forth His ⌈glory⌉ and lauded Him gloriously.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:4 (Black 1985 p. 59)


Τότε εὐλόγησα τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ ἐδήλωσα καὶ ὕμνησα μεγαλωσύνῃ.

Tote eulogēsa ton kyrion tēs doxēs kai tēn doxan autou edēlōsa kai hymnēsa megalōsynē.

Then I blessed the Lord of glory, and made known his glory, and sang a hymn of his majesty.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:5 (Black 1985 p. 59)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς τὸ μέσον τοῦ Μανδοβάρα, καὶ εἶδον ἔρημον καὶ μόνον· ἦν δὲ μεστὸς δένδρων καὶ ἐκ τῶν σπερμάτων.

Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis to meson tou Mandobara, kai eidon erēmon kai monon; ēn de mestos dendrōn kai ek tōn spermatōn.

And from there I went to the middle of Mandobara, and I saw a wilderness, solitary; but it was full of trees and seeds.

And thence I went ⌈⌈towards the east⌉⌉, into the midst ⌈⌈of the mountain range⌉⌉ of the desert, and I saw a wilderness and it was solitary, full of trees and plants. 2. ⌈⌈And⌉⌉ water gushed forth from above. 3. Rushing like a copious watercourse [which flowed] towards the north-west it caused clouds and dew to ascend on every side.

Enoch's eastern-paradise tour begins — the aromatic-trees-and-spices garden (cassia, cinnamon, aloes, nard, mastic, balsam, frankincense, galbanum). The 1 En 28-32 catalog is one of the most-detailed in the Second-Temple-Jewish corpus and reflects the Hellenistic-period interest in spice-trade vocabulary. See central entry `enoch-eastern-paradise-gan-eden-aromatic-trees-1-enoch-28-32-cross-corpus`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 28:1 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ ὕδωρ ἐπάνωθεν αὐτῶν ἀνέτρεχεν.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 28:2 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ ἐφαίνετο πεπληρωμένον ὕδατος, καὶ ὡς ὑδραγωγὸς ἐπερρύη τόπος αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ βορρᾶ, καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ δρόσος ἔφερεν.

Kai ephaineto peplērōmenon hydatos, kai hōs hydragōgos eperryē topos autō apo tou borra, kai hydōr kai drosos epheren.

And it appeared to be full of water; and as an aqueduct flowed over the place from the north, it brought water and dew.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 28:3 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καὶ ἐχωρίσθην ἀνατολικώτερον τοῦ ὄρους τούτου.

Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon en tē erēmō, kai echōristhēn anatolikōteron tou orous toutou.

And from there I went to another place in the wilderness, and I went away further to the east of that mountain.

And thence I went to another place in the desert, and approached to the east of this mountain range. 2. And ⌈⌈there⌉⌉ I saw aromatic trees exhaling the fragrance of frankincense and myrrh, and the trees also were similar to the almond tree.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 29:1 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ ἐκεῖ εἶδον δένδρα κρίσεως ἀπεκπνέοντα, καὶ ἐκεῖ μάλιστα τὰ δένδρα τὰ ἀρώματα τοῦ λιβάνου καὶ τῆς σμύρνης, καὶ τὰ δένδρα οὐχ ὅμοια ἦν.

Kai ekei eidon dendra kriseōs apekpneonta, kai ekei malista ta dendra ta arōmata tou libanou kai tēs smyrnēs, kai ta dendra ouch homoia ēn.

And there I saw trees of judgment exhaling fragrance, and there above all the trees of aromatic frankincense and of myrrh, and these trees were not alike.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 29:2 (Black 1985 p. 60)

4Q206 1 xx partial (Milik 1976 pp. 230-232) — Aramaic of aromatic trees partial


Καὶ ἐπάνω αὐτῶν ὑπεράνω, ἀπὸ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς αὐτῶν οὐ μακράν, εἶδον ἄλλον τόπον, φάραγγας ὕδατος ὥσπερ ἐκλείπον.

Kai epanō autōn hyperanō, apo pros anatolas autōn ou makran, eidon allon topon, pharangas hydatos hōsper ekleipon.

And beyond them, high above and not far to their east, I saw another place — valleys of water that did not fail.

And beyond these, I went afar to the east, and I saw another place, a valley (full) of water. 2. And therein there was a tree, the colour (?) of fragrant trees such as the mastic. 3. And on the sides of those valleys I saw fragrant cinnamon. And beyond these I proceeded to the east.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 30:1 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ εἶδον δένδρον καλόν, καὶ τὴν ὀσμὴν τοῦ μαστιχοδαφνου ὁμοίαν.

Kai eidon dendron kalon, kai tēn osmēn tou mastichodaphnou homoian.

And I saw a beautiful tree, with a fragrance like that of mastic-laurel.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 30:2 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν χειλέων τῶν φαραγγῶν τούτων εἶδον τὴν κιννάμωμον εὐώδη· καὶ ἐπέκεινα τῶν φαραγγῶν τούτων ἐπορεύθην πρὸς ἀνατολάς.

Kai epi tōn cheileōn tōn pharangōn toutōn eidon tēn kinnamōmon euōdē; kai epekeina tōn pharangōn toutōn eporeuthēn pros anatolas.

And on the lips of these valleys I saw the fragrant cinnamon; and beyond these valleys I journeyed toward the east.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 30:3 (Black 1985 p. 60)


Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλο ὄρος ἐν ᾧ δένδρα, καὶ ἐξέρρει ὕδωρ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξήρχετο ὥσπερ νέκταρ καλούμενον σαραρά καὶ γαλβανῆ.

Kai eidon allo oros en hō dendra, kai exerrei hydōr ex autou, kai exērcheto hōsper nektar kaloumenon sarara kai galbanē.

And I saw another mountain on which were trees, and water flowed out of it, and there came forth like a nectar called sarara, and galbanum.

And I saw other mountains, and amongst them were ⌈groves of⌉ trees, and there flowed forth from them nectar, which is named sarara and galbanum. 2. And beyond these mountains I saw another mountain ⌈to the east of the ends of the earth⌉, ⌈⌈whereon were aloe-trees⌉⌉, and all the trees were full of stacte, being like almond-trees. 3. And when one burnt it, it smelt sweeter than any fragrant odour.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 31:1 (Black 1985 p. 61)


Καὶ ἐπάνω τούτου τοῦ ὄρους εἶδον ἄλλο ὄρος, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ δένδρα ἀλόης ἦν, καὶ τὰ δένδρα πεπληρωμένα ὁμοία στακτῇ τῇ σκληροτέρᾳ.

Kai epanō toutou tou orous eidon allo oros, kai en autō dendra aloēs ēn, kai ta dendra peplērōmena homoia staktē tē sklēroterā.

And above this mountain I saw another mountain, and on it were aloe trees, and the trees were full of a substance like the harder stacte.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 31:2 (Black 1985 p. 61)


Καὶ ὅταν τις τρίψῃ αὐτὰ τῶν δένδρων τούτων ἀπεκπνεῖ ἐκείνη ἡ ὀσμὴ πάντων εὐωδέστερον.

Kai hotan tis tripsē auta tōn dendrōn toutōn apekpnei ekeinē hē osmē pantōn euōdesteron.

And when anyone bruises these trees, that fragrance is exhaled more sweetly than any other.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 31:3 (Black 1985 p. 61)


Καὶ μετὰ τὰ ἀρώματα ταῦτα κατὰ βορρᾶν ἐθεώρησα τὰ ὄρη ἑπτὰ πεπληρωμένα νάρδου καθαρᾶς καὶ εὐώδων δένδρων καὶ κιννάμωμον καὶ πιπέρεως.

Kai meta ta arōmata tauta kata borran etheōrēsa ta orē hepta peplērōmena nardou katharas kai euōdōn dendrōn kai kinnamōmon kai pipereōs.

And after these aromatic places, toward the north I beheld the seven mountains, filled with pure nard and fragrant trees and cinnamon and pepper.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:1 (Black 1985 p. 62)


Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐπορεύθην ἐπὶ τὰς ἀκρωτηρίας πάντων τῶν ὀρέων τούτων κατὰ ἀνατολὴν τῆς γῆς πορρωτέρω, καὶ διῆλθον ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν καὶ ἐπεξήλθων αὐτῇ πορρωτέρω, καὶ διῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸν Ζωτιήλ.

Kai ekeithen eporeuthēn epi tas akrōtērias pantōn tōn oreōn toutōn kata anatolēn tēs gēs porrōterō, kai diēlthon epi tēn erythran thalassan kai epexēlthōn autē porrōterō, kai diēlthon epi ton Zōtiēl.

And from there I journeyed to the summits of all these mountains, far toward the east of the earth, and I passed over the Erythraean Sea, and went on far beyond it, and I passed over by Zotiel.

And thence I went over the summits of ⌈all⌉ these mountains, far towards the east ⌈of the earth⌉, and passed above the Erythraean sea and went far from it, and passed over ⌈⌈the angel⌉⌉ Zotîêl. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 3. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, and saw beyond those trees many large trees growing there and of goodly fragrance, large, very beautiful and glorious, and the tree of wisdom whereof they eat and know great wisdom. || 3. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, and from afar off trees more numerous than these trees and great—†two† trees there, very great, beautiful, and glorious, and magnificent, and the tree of knowledge, whose holy fruit they eat and know great wisdom. |}

Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:2 (Black 1985 p. 62)


Καὶ ἦλθον πρὸς παράδεισον τῆς δικαιοσύνης· καὶ ἐθεώρουν ἐπέκεινα τῶν δένδρων τούτων δένδρα πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα φυόμενα ἐκεῖ, ἔνδοξα καὶ μεγάλα καὶ καλά, καὶ ἔνδοξον τὸ δένδρον τῆς σοφίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐσθίουσιν καὶ γινώσκουσιν σοφίαν μεγάλην.

Kai ēlthon pros paradeison tēs dikaiosynēs; kai etheōroun epekeina tōn dendrōn toutōn dendra polla kai megala phyomena ekei, endoxa kai megala kai kala, kai endoxon to dendron tēs sophias, ex hēs esthiousin kai ginōskousin sophian megalēn.

And I came to the Garden of Righteousness; and beyond those trees I beheld many great trees growing there — glorious and great and beautiful — and the glorious tree of wisdom, from which they eat and come to know great wisdom.

**The tree of wisdom** — Raphael identifies as the Gen 3 tree of which Adam and Eve ate. The 1 En 32 'tree of wisdom' redeploys the Hebrew Bible *etz ha-da'at tov va-ra* 'tree of the knowing of good and bad' with the Second-Temple-Jewish *Sophia* / *Hokhmah* personification-vocabulary. The 1 En 32 framing is more nuanced than the Hebrew Bible reading: 'they learned wisdom and their eyes were opened' is quasi-positive. See central entry `tree-of-wisdom-1-enoch-32-gen-3-sophia-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to Prov 8 + Wis Sol 7-9 (the Sophia-personification tradition); to Gnostic-Christian readings (Hypostasis of the Archons; Apocryphon of John); to existing central entries `etz-chayim-daat`, `niphqecho-eineihem`, `ke-elohim`.

Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:3 (Black 1985 p. 62)

4Q206 1 xxii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 230-232) — Aramaic of paradise + tree-of-wisdom partial


Καὶ ὅμοιον ἦν τὸ δένδρον ἐκεῖνο τῇ κερατέᾳ, καὶ ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ βότρυς ἀμπέλου πάγκαλος, καὶ ἡ ὀσμὴ τοῦ δένδρου διέτρεχεν πόρρωθεν.

Kai homoion ēn to dendron ekeino tē kerateā, kai ho karpos autou hōsei botrys ampelou pankalos, kai hē osmē tou dendrou dietrechen porrōthen.

And that tree was like the carob, and its fruit was like the cluster of the vine, exceedingly beautiful; and the fragrance of the tree ran out from afar.

⌈That tree is in height like the fir, and its leaves are⌉ like (those of) the Carob tree: and its fruit is like the clusters of the vine, very beautiful: and the fragrance of the tree penetrates afar. 5. Then I said: ‘⌈How⌉ beautiful is the tree, and how attractive is its look!’ 6. Then Raphael the holy angel, who was with me, answered me ⌈⌈and said⌉⌉: ‘This is the tree of wisdom, of which thy father old (in years) and thy aged mother, who were before thee, have eaten, and they learnt wisdom and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked and they were driven out of the garden.’

Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:4 (Black 1985 p. 62)


Καὶ εἶπον· Ὡς καλὸν τὸ δένδρον τοῦτο, καὶ ὡς εὐῶδες καὶ ὡραῖον ἐν τῇ ὄψει.

Kai eipon; Hōs kalon to dendron touto, kai hōs euōdes kai hōraion en tē opsei.

And I said: How beautiful is this tree, and how fragrant, and lovely to look upon!

Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:5 (Black 1985 p. 62)


ወአውሥአኒ፡ ሩፋኤል፡ ቅዱስ፡ መልአክ፡ ዘምስሌየ፡ ሀሎ፡ ወይቤ፡ ዝውእቱ፡ ዕፀ፡ ጥበብ፡ ዘበልዑ፡ እምኔሁ፡ አቡከ፡ ዘትካት፡ ወእምከ፡ ዘትካት፡ ቅድሜከ፡ ወአእመሩ፡ ጥበበ፡ ወተከሥቱ፡ አዕይንቲሆሙ፡ ወአእመሩ፡ ከመ፡ ዕራቆሙ፡ እሙንቱ፡ ወተሰዱ፡ እምነ፡ ገነት፡

wa-ʾawśaʾanī Rufāʾēl qəddus malʾak za-məslēya hallo wa-yəbē; zə-wəʾətu ʿəḍa ṭəbab za-balʿu ʾəmənnehu ʾabuka za-təkat wa-ʾəmməka za-təkat qədmēka wa-ʾaʾmaru ṭəbaba wa-takasətu ʾaʿyəntihomu wa-ʾaʾmaru kama ʿərāqomu ʾəmuntu wa-tasaddu ʾəmənna gannat

And Raphael, the holy angel who was with me, answered and said: This is the tree of wisdom, from which your ancient father and your ancient mother — those who came before you — ate, and learned wisdom, and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they were driven out of the garden.

Raphael's identification 'this is the tree of wisdom of which thy father old and thy aged mother ate' — the textual fountainhead of the Second-Temple-Jewish Sophia / Hokhmah tradition's reading of the Gen 3 tree-of-knowledge as the tree-of-wisdom.

Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — primary witness here since Akhmim ends/breaks off mid-verse

Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:6 partial (Black 1985 p. 62 — text breaks off in some recensions during this verse)


ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ ውስተ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወርእኩ፡ ህየ፡ አራዊተ፡ ዐበይተ፡ አሐደ፡ ለአሐዱ፡ ይትሌለዩ፡ ወአዕዋፍኒ፡ ይትሌለዩ፡ በራእይ፡ ወበሕብር፡ ወቃሎሙ፡ ካልእ፡ ለካልእ፡ ዘይትሌለይ፡

wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku wəsta ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-rəʾku həya ʾarāwita ʿabayta ʾaḥada la-ʾaḥadu yətlēlayu wa-ʾaʿwāfni yətlēlayu ba-rāʾəy wa-ba-ḥəbər wa-qālomu kāləʾ la-kāləʾ za-yətlēlayu

And from there I went to the ends of the earth, and I saw there great beasts, each differing from the other; and birds also differing from one another in appearance, in color, and in voice.

And from thence I went to the ends of the earth and saw there great beasts, and each differed from the other; and (I saw) birds also differing in appearance and beauty and voice, the one differing from the other. 2. And to the east of those beasts I saw the ends of the earth whereon the heaven rests, and the portals of the heaven open. 3. And I saw how the stars of heaven come forth, and I counted the portals out of which they proceed, and wrote down all their outlets, of each individual star by itself, according to their number and their names, their courses and their positions, and their times and their months, as Uriel the holy angel who was with me showed me. 4. He showed all things to me and wrote them down for me: also their names he wrote for me, and their laws and their companies.

**Ge'ez-only witness transition.** The Greek Akhmim Panopolitanus breaks off mid-chapter 32. Chapters 33-36 are preserved only in Ge'ez (with fragmentary Aramaic 4Q205/4Q206/4Q207 supplements where they survive). See overlay entry `greek-to-geez-witness-transition-convention-mid-chapter-32`. The closing chapters narrate Enoch's tour of the four corners of the earth and the gates of the sun, moon, stars, and winds — bridging to the Astronomical Book of 1 Enoch 72-82 (Ship B). See central entry `four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus`.

Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — primary witness; Akhmim Greek does not preserve chs 33-36

4Q206 1 xxvi sparse fragments (Milik 1976 pp. 230-232)


ወመንገለ፡ ጽባሕ፡ እማንቱ፡ አራዊት፡ ርእኩ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ኀበ፡ ይትዐርፍ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወአናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱ፡

wa-mangala ṣəbāḥ ʾəmāntu ʾarāwit rəʾku ʾaṣnāfa mədr ḫaba yətʿarrəf samāy wa-ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtu

And toward the east of those beasts I saw the ends of the earth, where the heavens come to rest; and the gates of heaven stood open.


ወርእኩ፡ ከመ፡ ይወፅኡ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ከዋክብተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወኆለቅዎሙ፡ ዑርኤል፡ ቅዱስ፡ መልአክ፡ ዘምስሌየ፡ ሀሎ፡ አርአየኒ፡ ኵሉ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ ወኵሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ወመዋዕሊሆሙ፡ ወሰዓታቲሆሙ፡ ወመንገሊሆሙ፡ ወሐሤሣቲሆሙ፡

wa-rəʾku kama yəwaḍḍəʾu ʾəmənnehomu kawākəbta samāy wa-ḫolaqəwwomu ʿUrʾēl qəddus malʾak za-məslēya hallo ʾarʾayanī kwəlu manbaromu la-kawākəbt wa-kwəlu səmātihomu wa-mawāʿəlihomu wa-saʿātātihomu wa-mangalihomu wa-ḥaśśēśātihomu

And I saw how the stars of heaven came out from them, and I numbered them. Uriel, the holy angel who was with me, showed me all the stations of the stars and all their names, their seasons, their hours, their paths, and their courses.


ወጸሐፈ፡ ሊተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ወዓመታቲሆሙ፡ ወመንግሥቶሙ፡ ወቦአ፡ ወአርአየኒ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኆለቆ፡ ኪያሁ፡

wa-ṣaḥafa lita kwəlo səmātihomu wa-ʿāmatātihomu wa-mangəśtomu wa-boʾa wa-ʾarʾayanī kwəlu ḫolaqo kiyāhu

And he wrote down for me all their names, and their years, and their rule; and he went in and showed me the whole counting of it.


ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ሰሜናተ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ ግብረ፡ ዐቢየ፡ ወክቡረ፡ በኵሉ፡ ጽንፈ፡ ኵሉ፡ ምድር፡

wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala samēnāta ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-həya rəʾku gəbra ʿabəya wa-kəbura ba-kwəlu ṣənfa kwəlu mədr

And from there I went toward the northern ends of the earth, and there I saw a great and glorious work at all the ends of the whole earth.

And from thence I went towards the north to the ends of the earth, and there I saw a great and glorious device at the ends of the whole earth. 2. And here I saw three portals of heaven open in the heaven: through each of them proceed north winds: when they blow there is cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain. 3. And out of one portal they blow for good: but when they blow through the other two portals, †it is with violence and affliction on the earth, and they blow with violence.†


ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ በሰማይ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወነፋስ፡

wa-həya rəʾku śalastu ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtuta ba-samāy ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-nafās

And there I saw three gates of heaven open in the sky; through them go forth dew, and rain, and wind.


ወእምነ፡ አሐዱ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ይነፍኅ፡ ለሠናይት፡ ወአመ፡ ይነፍኁ፡ እምነ፡ ካልአን፡ አናቅጽ፡ በጽንዕ፡ ወምክፍልት፡ ይከውን፡ ምድር፡ ወይነፍኁ፡ በዕውሬ፡

wa-ʾəmənna ʾaḥadu ʾanqəḍ yənaffəḫ la-śannāyt wa-ʾama yənaffəḫu ʾəmənna kāləʾān ʾanāqəḍ ba-ṣənʿ wa-məkfəlt yəkawwən mədr wa-yənaffəḫu ba-ʿəwrē

And from one of the gates the wind blows for good; but when they blow from the other gates, it is with violence and affliction upon the earth — and they blow with destruction.


ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ዐረብ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወርእኩ፡ ህየ፡ ሠለስተ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ ከመ፡ ርእኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ጽባሕ፡ ህየ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ወመፈጽሞን፡ ካዕበ፡

wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala ʿarab ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-rəʾku həya śalasta ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtuta kama rəʾku mangala ṣəbāḥ həya ʾanāqəḍa wa-mafaṣṣəmon kāʿba

And from there I went toward the western ends of the earth, and there I saw three gates of heaven open, just as I had seen toward the east — gates and outlets equal in number.

And from thence I went towards the west to the ends of the earth, and saw there three portals of the heaven open such as I had seen in the †east†, the same number of portals, and the same number of outlets.


ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ አዜብ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ ሠለስተ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ እምነ፡ መንገለ፡ አዜብ፡ ወእምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወነፋስ፡

wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala ʾazēb ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-həya rəʾku śalasta ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtuta ʾəmənna mangala ʾazēb wa-ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-nafās

And from there I went toward the southern ends of the earth, and there I saw three gates of heaven open from the south; and from them go forth dew, and rain, and wind.

And from thence I went to the south to the ends of the earth, and saw there three open portals of the heaven: and thence there come dew, rain, †and wind†. 2. And from thence I went to the east to the ends of the heaven, and saw here the three eastern portals of heaven open and small portals above them. 3. Through each of these small portals pass the stars of heaven and run their course to the west on the path which is shown to them. 4. And as often as I saw I blessed always the Lord of Glory, and I continued to bless the Lord of Glory who has wrought great and glorious wonders, to show the greatness of His work to the angels and to spirits and to men, that they might praise His work and all His creation: that they might see the work of His might and praise the great work of His hands and bless Him for ever.

Enoch's tour of the gates of the winds — the closing cosmic-geography of the Book of the Watchers, bridging to the systematic Astronomical Book (1 En 72-82) which develops the gates-of-the-sun-and-moon framework systematically. See central entry `four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus`.


ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ጽባሕተ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ሰማይ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ መንገለ፡ ጽባሕ፡ ወመጻንሕተ፡ ንኡሳነ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ እለ፡ እምኔሆን፡ ይወፅአ፡ ከዋክብተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወየሐውር፡ መንገለ፡ ዐረብ፡ በፍኖት፡ ዘአርአዮሙ፡

wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala ṣəbāḥta ʾaṣnāfa samāy kwəlomu wa-həya rəʾku ʾaṣnāfa samāy kəśtuta mangala ṣəbāḥ wa-maṣānəḥta nəʾusāna lāʿlehu ʾəlla ʾəmənnehon yəwaḍḍəʾa kawākəbta samāy wa-yaḥawwər mangala ʿarab ba-fənot za-ʾarʾayomu

And from there I went toward the eastern ends of all the heavens, and there I saw the ends of heaven open toward the east, and small openings above it from which the stars of heaven come forth and travel toward the west along the path that has been shown to them.


ወአመ፡ ይሬእዩ፡ ባረክኩ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘላእምር፡ ባረክዎ፡ ለእግዚአ፡ ስብሐት፡ ዘገብረ፡ ተአምራተ፡ ዐበይተ፡ ከመ፡ ያርእዮሙ፡ ለሰራዊተ፡ መላእክቲሁ፡ ወመናፍስት፡ ወለሰብእ፡ ዕበየ፡ ምግባሩ፡ ከመ፡ ይባርክዎ፡ ግብሮ፡ ኵሉ፡ ግብር፡ ወይሬእዩ፡ ግብረ፡ ኀይሉ፡ ወይባርክዎ፡ ለዕበይ፡ ግብር፡ እደዊሁ፡ ወይባርክዎ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡

wa-ʾama yərēʾəyu bārakku kwəlo za-lāʾəmər bārakəwwo la-ʾəgziʾa səbḥat za-gabra taʾāmərāta ʿabayta kama yārʾəyomu la-sarāwita malāʾəktihu wa-manāfəst wa-la-sabəʾ ʿəbaya məgbāru kama yəbārəkəwwo gəbro kwəlu gəbr wa-yərēʾəyu gəbra ḫaylu wa-yəbārəkəwwo la-ʿəbay gəbr ʾədawihu wa-yəbārəkəwwo la-ʿālama ʿālam

And when I saw these things, I blessed — and always shall bless — the Lord of glory, who has wrought great and glorious wonders, to show forth the greatness of his work to his host of angels and to spirits and to humankind, that they might bless his work, and that all his work might see the work of his power and bless him for the greatness of the work of his hands and bless him forever and ever.

4Q205 1 xii sparse closing-fragment (Milik 1976 pp. 220-223) — possibly preserves doxological closing language