{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:1", "chapter": 1, "verse": 1, "original": "מלי ברכתא די חנוך די ברך לבחירין וזכאין די להון להוון ביום עקתא לאעדיה כל בישין ורשיעין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "millē birktāʾ dī Ḥanōk dī bārek lě-bĕḥīrīn wĕ-zakkāʾīn dī lěhōn lěhěwōn bě-yōm ʿāqětāʾ lě-ʾaʿdāyāh kol bīšīn wĕ-rašīʿīn", "english": "The words of blessing of Enoch, with which he blessed the elect and the righteous, who shall be living in the day of tribulation, when all the wicked and the godless shall be removed.", "reference_english": "The words of the blessing of Enoch, wherewith he blessed the elect ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ righteous, who will be living in the day of tribulation, when all the wicked ⌈⌈and godless⌉⌉ are to be removed. 2. And he took up his parable and said—Enoch a righteous man, whose eyes were opened by God, saw the vision of the Holy One in the heavens, ⌈which⌉ the angels showed me, and from them I heard everything, and from them I understood as I saw, but not for this generation, but for a remote one which is for to come. 3. Concerning the elect I said, and took up ⌈my⌉ parable concerning them: The Holy Great One will come forth from His dwelling,", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 i 1-5 (Milik 1976 pp. 142-148) — preserves opening words including מלי ברכתא די חנוך", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:1 (Black 1985 p. 21)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:2", "chapter": 1, "verse": 2, "original": "ונטל מתלה ואמר חנוך גבר זכאי די מן קדם אלהא חזוה אתגלי לה חזוה דקדישא ושמיא די אחזיוני עירין וקדישין כלא ושמעת מנהון כלא ואדעת אנה די חזיתי לא לדרא דנא להן לדרא רחיק די אתה", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wĕ-nāṭal mě-talleh wě-ʾămar Ḥanōk gěbar zakkāʾī dī min qŏdām ʾĕlāhāʾ ḥězweh ʾitgĕlī leh, ḥězweh dī qaddīšāʾ wĕ-šĕmayyāʾ dī ʾaḥzěyōnī ʿīrīn wě-qaddīšīn kollāʾ wě-šimʿet minhōn kollāʾ, wě-ʾaddāʿit ʾanāh dī ḥăzēt lāʾ lě-dārāʾ dĕnāʾ lāhēn lě-dārāʾ raḥīq dī ʾāteh", "english": "And he took up his parable and said: Enoch, a righteous man, to whom a vision from God was opened, had the vision of the Holy One and of heaven, which the Watchers and the Holy Ones showed me; and from them I heard all things, and I understood what I saw — not for this generation, but for a generation that is far off, that is yet to come.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The Aramaic *ʿīrīn wĕ-qaddīšīn* 'Watchers and Holy Ones' is the technical class-pairing of the angelological framework — see central entry `watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus`. The Watchers' first appearance in the Aramaic Enoch corpus parallels Dan 4:13, 17, 23 (the only HB Aramaic *ʿīr* attestation). The WoH preserves 'Watchers' rather than collapsing to 'angels' (see overlay entry `watchers-english-rendering-convention`).", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "watchers-english-rendering-convention"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 i 3-7 (Milik 1976 pp. 142-150) — partially preserved; key terms עירין וקדישין 'Watchers and Holy Ones' attested", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:2 (Black 1985 p. 21)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:3", "chapter": 1, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν λέγω, καὶ περὶ ἐκείνων ἔλαβον τὴν παραβολήν μου· καὶ ἐξελεύσεται ὁ ἅγιός μου ὁ μέγας ἐκ τῆς κατοικήσεως αὐτοῦ,", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai peri tōn eklektōn legō, kai peri ekeinōn elabon tēn parabolēn mou; kai exeleusetai ho hagios mou ho megas ek tēs katoikēseōs autou,", "english": "Concerning the elect I speak, and concerning them I take up my parable: the Holy Great One will come forth from his dwelling,", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "*ho hagios mou ho megas* 'the Holy Great One' is the apophatic-divine-circumlocution title characteristic of 1 Enoch's apocalyptic register. The title is paired with *hē megalē doxa* 'the Great Glory' at 1 En 14:20 as the corpus's two principal divine-paraphrastic titles. See overlay entry `holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention`.", "glossary_refs": ["holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 i 13-17 (Milik 1976 pp. 178-181) — Aramaic preserved partial", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:3 (Black 1985 p. 22)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:4", "chapter": 1, "verse": 4, "original": "καὶ ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐπὶ γῆν πατήσει ἐπὶ τὸ Σινὰ ὄρος, καὶ φανήσεται ἐκ τῆς παρεμβολῆς αὐτοῦ, καὶ φανήσεται ἐν τῇ δυνάμει τῆς ἰσχύος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai ho theos tou aiōnos epi gēn patēsei epi to Sina oros, kai phanēsetai ek tēs parembolēs autou, kai phanēsetai en tē dynamei tēs ischyos autou apo tou ouranou.", "english": "and the eternal God will tread upon the earth, upon Mount Sinai, and he will appear from his camp, and he will appear in the power of his might from heaven.", "reference_english": "And the eternal God will tread upon the earth, (even) on Mount Sinai, [And appear from His camp] And appear in the strength of His might from the heaven ⌈of heavens⌉.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "The Sinai-theophany echo (*epi to Sina oros*) directly draws on Deut 33:2 + Hab 3:3 + Mic 1:3 + Ex 19. The integration of the cosmic-mountain Sinai-tradition into the 1 Enoch eschatological-judgement framework places the chapter within the broader Northwest-Semitic cosmic-mountain cluster — bidirectional with central entries `har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus` and `mountain-as-revelation-site-mt-cross-corpus-har-sinai-mount-sapunu`.", "glossary_refs": ["har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus", "mountain-as-revelation-site-mt-cross-corpus-har-sinai-mount-sapunu"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 13-15 (Milik 1976 pp. 142-150) — Aramaic 'God of the World' / 'God of Eternity' partly preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:4 (Black 1985 p. 22)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:5", "chapter": 1, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ φοβηθήσονται πάντες, καὶ πιστεύσουσιν οἱ ἐγρήγοροι, καὶ λήμψονται ὕμνον ἐν ἀποκρύφοις τόποις πάντων τῶν ἄκρων τῆς γῆς·", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai phobēthēsontai pantes, kai pisteusousin hoi egrēgoroi, kai lēmpsontai hymnon en apokryphois topois pantōn tōn akrōn tēs gēs;", "english": "And all shall fear, and the Watchers shall believe, and they shall take up a hymn in hidden places throughout all the ends of the earth;", "reference_english": "And all shall be smitten with fear, And the Watchers shall quake, And great fear and trembling shall seize them unto the ends of the earth.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "*pisteusousin hoi egrēgoroi* 'the Watchers shall believe' is preserved per the Greek + Ge'ez witness despite the ambiguity-of-referent: the referent could be the still-loyal cosmic-Watchers or the fallen 200 introduced at ch 6. Charles 1912 emends to 'they shall fear' on a proposed Aramaic-NHL-not-ʾMN textual hypothesis; the WoH preserves the witness-reading per the standard layered-witness convention.", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-english-rendering-convention", "per-verse-layered-witness-aramaic-greek-geez-convention"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 16-17 (Milik 1976 reconstruction)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:5 (Black 1985 p. 22)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:6", "chapter": 1, "verse": 6, "original": "καὶ σεισθήσονται καὶ συντελεσθήσονται τὰ ὑψηλὰ τῶν ὀρέων, καὶ ταπεινωθήσονται καὶ τακήσονται ὡς κηρὸς ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ πυρὸς ἐν φλογί.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai seisthēsontai kai syntelesthēsontai ta hypsēla tōn oreōn, kai tapeinōthēsontai kai takēsontai hōs kēros apo prosōpou tou pyros en phlogi.", "english": "and the high mountains shall be shaken and shall be brought low, and shall melt like wax before the flame at the face of the fire.", "reference_english": "And the high mountains shall be shaken, And the high hills shall be made low, And shall melt like wax before the flame.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:6 (Black 1985 p. 22)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — only Greek and Ge'ez attested; 4Q201 lacuna here"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:7", "chapter": 1, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ ἡ γῆ καταβραχήσεται, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἀπολοῦνται, καὶ κρίσις ἔσται ἐπὶ πάντας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hē gē katabrachēsetai, kai panta ta epi tēs gēs apolountai, kai krisis estai epi pantas.", "english": "And the earth shall be wholly rent asunder, and all that is upon the earth shall perish, and there shall be judgment upon all.", "reference_english": "And the earth shall be ⌈wholly⌉ rent in sunder, And all that is upon the earth shall perish, And there shall be a judgement upon all (men).", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:7 (Black 1985 p. 23)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:8", "chapter": 1, "verse": 8, "original": "Καὶ μετὰ τῶν δικαίων τὴν εἰρήνην ποιήσει, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς ἔσται συντήρησις καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτοὺς γενήσεται ἔλεος, καὶ ἔσονται πάντες τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ εὐδοκίαν δώσει αὐτοῖς, καὶ πάντας εὐλογήσει καὶ πάντων ἀντιλήμψεται καὶ βοηθήσει ἡμῖν, καὶ φανήσεται αὐτοῖς φῶς, καὶ ποιήσει ἐπ' αὐτοὺς εἰρήνην.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai meta tōn dikaiōn tēn eirēnēn poiēsei, kai epi tous eklektous estai syntērēsis kai eirēnē, kai ep' autous genēsetai eleos, kai esontai pantes tou theou, kai eudokian dōsei autois, kai pantas eulogēsei kai pantōn antilēmpsetai kai boēthēsei hēmin, kai phanēsetai autois phōs, kai poiēsei ep' autous eirēnēn.", "english": "But with the righteous he will make peace, and upon the elect there shall be preservation and peace, and upon them mercy shall come, and they shall all belong to God, and he shall give them his good pleasure, and he shall bless them all, and he shall help us all, and light shall appear upon them, and he shall make peace with them.", "reference_english": "But with the righteous He will make peace. And will protect the elect, And mercy shall be upon them. And they shall all belong to God, And they shall be prospered, And they shall ⌈all⌉ be blessed. ⌈And He will help them all⌉, And light shall appear unto them, ⌈And He will make peace with them⌉.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 i 23-25 (Milik 1976 pp. 178-184) — partial Aramaic of peace-promise", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:8 (Black 1985 p. 23)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-1:9", "chapter": 1, "verse": 9, "original": "ארו אתה עם רבותא די קדישוהי למעבד דין על כלא ולחיבה כל בשרא על כל עבדיהון די חטיו ועל כל קשי מליא די מללו עלוהי חטאין רשיעין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "ʾărū ʾāteh ʿim ribbūtāʾ dī qaddīšōhī lě-meʿbad dīn ʿal kollāʾ wě-lě-ḥayyābāh kol bāśrāʾ ʿal kol ʿăbādēhōn dī ḥăṭaw wě-ʿal kol qāšī millayyāʾ dī mallilū ʿălōhī ḥāṭāʾīn rašīʿīn", "english": "Behold, he comes with the myriads of his holy ones, to execute judgment upon all, and to destroy all the ungodly, and to convict all flesh of all the works of their ungodliness which they have ungodly committed, and of all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against him.", "reference_english": "And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of ⌈His⌉ holy ones To execute judgement upon all, And to destroy ⌈all⌉ the ungodly: And to convict all flesh Of all the works ⌈of their ungodliness⌉ which they have ungodly committed, ⌈And of all the hard things which⌉ ungodly sinners ⌈have spoken⌉ against Him.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**THE JUDE 14-15 QUOTE SITE — the only OT-pseudepigraphical verse explicitly named-and-quoted as prophecy in the NT.** The Aramaic *ʾārū ʾāteh* 'behold he comes' is preserved in the prophetic-perfect aspect; Jude 14 reads the aorist *ēlthen* 'he came' (a tense-shift extensively discussed in scholarship — see Bauckham 1983 WBC 93-96) and adds the explicit *kyrios* 'the Lord' as subject. The text-critical site is foundational; the WoH preserves the source-tense per the layered-witness convention. See central entry `jude-14-15-quote-1-enoch-1-9-nt-citation-cross-corpus` for the full treatment of the citation-chain Deut 33:2 → 1 En 1:9 → Dan 7:10 → Zech 14:5 → Jude 14-15 → Rev 5:11.", "glossary_refs": ["jude-14-15-quote-1-enoch-1-9-nt-citation-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 i 16-19 (Milik 1976 pp. 184-185) — KEY ARAMAIC PRESERVATION of the Jude-quotation source", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 1:9 (Black 1985 p. 24)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-2:1", "chapter": 2, "verse": 1, "original": "אסתכלו בכל עבדא די בשמיא איך לא שניו אורחתהון ובמאוריא די בשמיא איך כלהון דנחין ושקעין כל חד וחד באדנה ולא עברין על פקודיהון", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "ʾistakkalū bě-kol ʿăbādāʾ dī bě-šĕmayyāʾ ʾēk lāʾ šanniyū ʾorḥāthōn ū-bě-māʾōrayyāʾ dī bě-šĕmayyāʾ ʾēk kullhōn dānĕḥīn wĕ-šāqʿīn kol ḥad wĕ-ḥad bě-ʿiddāneh wĕ-lāʾ ʿābrīn ʿal puqdēhōn", "english": "Observe all the works in heaven, how they have not changed their courses; and the luminaries in heaven, how they all rise and set in order, each one in its own season, and they do not transgress their appointed orders.", "reference_english": "Observe ye everything that takes place in the heaven, how they do not change their orbits, ⌈and⌉ the luminaries which are in the heaven, how they all rise and set in order each in its season, and transgress not against their appointed order. 2. Behold ye the earth, and give heed to the things which take place upon it from first to last, ⌈how steadfast they are⌉, how ⌈none of the things upon earth⌉ change, ⌈but⌉ all the works of God appear ⌈to you⌉. 3. Behold the summer and the winter, ⌈⌈how the whole earth is filled with water, and clouds and dew and rain lie upon it.⌉⌉", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 ii 1-3 (Milik 1976 pp. 142-150) — partial Aramaic preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 2:1 (Black 1985 p. 24)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-2:2", "chapter": 2, "verse": 2, "original": "ἴδετε τὴν γῆν καὶ κατανοήσατε ἀπὸ τῶν ἔργων τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ ἀπὸ πρώτων ἕως ἐσχάτων, ὅτι οὐδὲν ἔργον θεοῦ παραβαίνει ἀπὸ τῆς τάξεως αὐτοῦ· πάντα οὕτως φαίνεται ὑμῖν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "idete tēn gēn kai katanoēsate apo tōn ergōn tōn en autē apo prōtōn heōs eschatōn, hoti ouden ergon theou parabainei apo tēs taxeōs autou; panta houtōs phainetai hymin.", "english": "Behold the earth, and observe the works that take place on it from the beginning to the end, how no work of God transgresses its appointed order; thus all things appear to you.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 ii 4-5 (Milik 1976 pp. 145-150)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 2:2 (Black 1985 p. 24)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-2:3", "chapter": 2, "verse": 3, "original": "ἴδετε τὴν θερείαν καὶ τὸν χειμῶνα ὁποίως πλήρης ὁ κόσμος πᾶς ὑδάτων· καὶ νεφέλη καὶ δρόσος καὶ ὑετὸς ἐπ' αὐτῇ ἀναπαύεται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "idete tēn thereian kai ton cheimōna hopoiōs plērēs ho kosmos pas hydatōn; kai nephelē kai drosos kai hyetos ep' autē anapauetai.", "english": "Behold summer and winter, how the whole world is full of water, and cloud and dew and rain rest upon it.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 2:3 (Black 1985 p. 25)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — 4Q201 lacuna"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-3:1", "chapter": 3, "verse": 1, "original": "Κατανοήσατε καὶ ἴδετε πάντα τὰ δένδρα, ὅπως ξηραίνεται πάντα φύλλα ἐπ' αὐτῶν, χωρὶς τεσσαρεσκαίδεκα δένδρων, ἃ οὐ φυλλοροεῖ, τὰ ἕως δευτέρου ἢ τρίτου ἔτους μένουσιν παλαιὰ φύλλα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Katanoēsate kai idete panta ta dendra, hopōs xērainetai panta phylla ep' autōn, chōris tessareskaideka dendrōn, ha ou phylloroei, ta heōs deuterou ē tritou etous menousin palaia phylla.", "english": "Observe and behold all the trees, how all their leaves wither and fall — except fourteen trees, which do not shed their leaves, but retain their old foliage for two or three years until the new comes.", "reference_english": "Observe and see how (in the winter) all the trees ⌈⌈seem as though they had withered and shed all their leaves, except fourteen trees, which do not lose their foliage but retain the old foliage from two to three years till the new comes.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 ii 6-9 (Milik 1976 pp. 146-150) — partial: 'fourteen trees' preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 3:1 (Black 1985 p. 25)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-4:1", "chapter": 4, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ πάλιν κατανοήσατε τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς θερείας, πῶς ἐν ἀρχῇ αὐτῆς ὁ ἥλιος γίνεται ἐπάνω αὐτῆς· ὑμεῖς δὲ ζητεῖτε σκέπην καὶ σκιὰν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς θερμότητος, καὶ ἡ γῆ καίεται καύσει θαλπούσῃ, καὶ ὑμεῖς οὐ δύνασθε πατῆσαι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἢ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν διὰ τὴν καῦσιν αὐτῆς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai palin katanoēsate tas hēmeras tēs thereias, pōs en archē autēs ho hēlios ginetai epanō autēs; hymeis de zēteite skepēn kai skian apo prosōpou tēs thermotētos, kai hē gē kaietai kausei thalpousē, kai hymeis ou dynasthe patēsai epi tēs gēs ē epi tēn petran dia tēn kausin autēs.", "english": "And again observe the days of summer, how at its beginning the sun stands directly above it; and you seek shelter and shade because of the heat, and the earth burns with scorching heat, and you cannot tread upon the earth or upon a rock because of the burning.", "reference_english": "And again, observe ye the days of summer how the sun is above the earth over against it. And you seek shade and shelter by reason of the heat of the sun, and the earth also burns with growing heat, and so you cannot tread on the earth, or on a rock by reason of its heat.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 ii 10-13 (Milik 1976 pp. 147-150) — Aramaic partial", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 4:1 (Black 1985 p. 26)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:1", "chapter": 5, "verse": 1, "original": "Κατανοήσατε πῶς τὰ δένδρα κατακαλύπτεται φύλλοις χλωροῖς, καὶ καρπὸν φέρει· καὶ πάντα κατανοεῖτε καὶ ἐπιγνῶτε, ὅτι ὁ ζῶν εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας πάντα ταῦτα ποιεῖ ὑμῖν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Katanoēsate pōs ta dendra katakalyptetai phyllois chlōrois, kai karpon pherei; kai panta katanoeite kai epignōte, hoti ho zōn eis tous aiōnas panta tauta poiei hymin.", "english": "Observe how the trees are covered with green leaves and bear fruit; and observe all things and know that he who lives forever has made all these things for you.", "reference_english": "Observe ye⌉⌉ how the trees cover themselves with green leaves and bear fruit: wherefore give ye heed ⌈and know⌉ with regard to all ⌈His works⌉, and recognize how He that liveth for ever hath made them so.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 ii 14-16 (Milik 1976)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:1 (Black 1985 p. 26)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:2", "chapter": 5, "verse": 2, "original": "καὶ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ γίνεται ἔτος κατ' ἔτος, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ δουλεύουσιν αὐτῷ καὶ οὐκ ἀλλοιοῦνται, ἀλλὰ καθὼς ὁ θεὸς ἔταξεν, οὕτως πάντα γίνεται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai ta erga autou enōpion autou ginetai etos kat' etos, kai panta ta erga autou douleuousin autō kai ouk alloiountai, alla kathōs ho theos etaxen, houtōs panta ginetai.", "english": "And his works come to pass before him year by year, and all his works serve him and do not change, but as God has ordained, so all things are done.", "reference_english": "And ⌈all⌉ His works go on ⌈thus⌉ from year to year ⌈for ever⌉, and all the tasks which they accomplish for Him, and ⌈their tasks⌉ change not, but according as God hath ordained so is it done.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:2 (Black 1985 p. 26)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — 4Q201 lacuna"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:3", "chapter": 5, "verse": 3, "original": "καὶ ἴδετε πῶς αἱ θάλασσαι καὶ οἱ ποταμοὶ ὁμοίως ἀποτελοῦσιν καὶ οὐκ ἀλλοιοῦσιν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων αὐτοῦ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai idete pōs hai thalassai kai hoi potamoi homoiōs apotelousin kai ouk alloiousin apo tōn logōn autou ta erga autōn.", "english": "And behold how the seas and the rivers alike accomplish their work, and do not alter their works from his words.", "reference_english": "And behold how the sea and the rivers in like manner accomplish and ⌈change not⌉ their tasks ⌈from His commandments⌉.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:3 (Black 1985 p. 26)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:4", "chapter": 5, "verse": 4, "original": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐνεμείνατε οὐδὲ ἐποιήσατε κατὰ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἀπέστητε καὶ κατελαλήσατε μεγάλους καὶ σκληροὺς λόγους ἐν στόματι ἀκαθαρσίας ὑμῶν κατὰ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ· σκληροκάρδιοι, οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν εἰρήνη.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Hymeis de ouk enemeinate oude epoiēsate kata tas entolas autou, alla apestēte kai katelalēsate megalous kai sklērous logous en stomati akatharsias hymōn kata tēs megalōsynēs autou; sklērokardioi, ouk estai hymin eirēnē.", "english": "But you have not stood firm, nor have you done according to his commandments, but you have turned aside, and you have spoken great and hard words with your unclean mouths against his majesty. You hard-hearted, there shall be no peace for you.", "reference_english": "But ye—ye have not been steadfast, nor done the commandments of the Lord, But ye have turned away and spoken proud and hard words With your impure mouths against His greatness. Oh, ye hard-hearted, ye shall find no peace.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 ii 17-19 (Milik 1976 pp. 148-150) — KEY PHRASE 'hard words' preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:4 (Black 1985 p. 26)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:5", "chapter": 5, "verse": 5, "original": "διὰ τοῦτο καταράσησθε τὰς ἡμέρας ὑμῶν, καὶ τὰ ἔτη τῆς ζωῆς ὑμῶν ἀπολεῖται, καὶ τὰ ἔτη τῆς ἀπωλείας ὑμῶν πληθυνθήσεται, ἐν καταρᾷ αἰωνίᾳ, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν ἔλεος καὶ εἰρήνη.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "dia touto katarasēsthe tas hēmeras hymōn, kai ta etē tēs zōēs hymōn apoleitai, kai ta etē tēs apōleias hymōn plēthynthēsetai, en katarā aiōnia, kai ouk estai hymin eleos kai eirēnē.", "english": "Therefore you shall curse your days, and the years of your life shall perish, and the years of your destruction shall be multiplied in an eternal curse, and there shall be no mercy and no peace for you.", "reference_english": "Therefore shall ye execrate your days, And the years of your life shall perish, And the ⌈years of your destruction⌉ shall be multiplied in eternal execration, And ye shall find no mercy. 6a. In those days ye shall make your names an eternal execration unto all the righteous, b. And by you shall ⌈all⌉ who curse, curse, ⌈And all⌉ the sinners ⌈and godless⌉ shall imprecate by you, 7c. And for you the godless there shall be a curse. 6d. ⌈And all the . . . shall rejoice, e. And there shall be forgiveness of sins, f. And every mercy and peace and forbearance: g. There shall be salvation unto them, a goodly light. i. And for all of you sinners there shall be no salvation, j. But on you all shall abide a curse⌉. 7a. But for the elect there shall be light and joy and peace, b. And they shall inherit the earth.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:5 (Black 1985 p. 27)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:6", "chapter": 5, "verse": 6, "original": "Τότε ἔσται τὸ ὄνομα ὑμῶν εἰς κατάραν αἰώνιον πᾶσι τοῖς δικαίοις, καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν καταρασθήσονται οἱ καταρώμενοι· πάντες οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ καὶ ἀσεβεῖς ἐν ὑμῖν ὀμοῦνται καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν πάντες οἱ ἀνα... καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς οἱ δικαίοι, καὶ ἕξουσιν φῶς καὶ χαρὰν καὶ εἰρήνην, καὶ κληρονομήσουσιν τὴν γῆν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote estai to onoma hymōn eis kataran aiōnion pasi tois dikaiois, kai en hymin katarasthēsontai hoi katarōmenoi; pantes hoi hamartōloi kai asebeis en hymin omountai kai en hymin pantes hoi ana... kai eulogēsousin tois eklektois hoi dikaioi, kai hexousin phōs kai charan kai eirēnēn, kai klēronomēsousin tēn gēn.", "english": "Then your name shall be an eternal curse to all the righteous, and by you all who curse shall curse, and all sinners and ungodly shall swear by you, and all the [...] shall curse by you. And the righteous shall bless the elect, and they shall have light and joy and peace, and they shall inherit the earth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:6 (Black 1985 p. 27)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:7", "chapter": 5, "verse": 7, "original": "καὶ τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς ἔσται φῶς καὶ χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσιν τὴν γῆν· τοῖς δὲ ἀσεβέσιν ἔσται κατάρα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai tois eklektois estai phōs kai charis kai eirēnē, kai autoi klēronomēsousin tēn gēn; tois de asebesin estai katara.", "english": "And for the elect there shall be light and grace and peace, and they shall inherit the earth; but for the ungodly there shall be a curse.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:7 (Black 1985 p. 27)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:8", "chapter": 5, "verse": 8, "original": "Καὶ τότε δοθήσεται τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς σοφία, καὶ πάντες αὐτοὶ ζήσονται καὶ οὐχ ἁμαρτήσονται ἔτι οὔτε ἐν ἀσεβείᾳ οὔτε ἐν ὑπερηφανίᾳ· καὶ ἔσται ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ πεφωτισμένῳ φῶς, καὶ ἐν ἀνθρώπῳ ἐπιστήμονι νόημα, καὶ οὐχ ἁμαρτήσουσιν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai tote dothēsetai tois eklektois sophia, kai pantes autoi zēsontai kai ouch hamartēsontai eti oute en asebeia oute en hyperēphania; kai estai en anthrōpō pephōtismenō phōs, kai en anthrōpō epistēmoni noēma, kai ouch hamartēsousin.", "english": "And then wisdom shall be given to the elect, and they shall all live and shall not sin again — neither in ungodliness nor in pride; and in the enlightened one shall be light, and in the understanding one shall be insight, and they shall not sin.", "reference_english": "And then there shall be bestowed upon the elect wisdom, And they shall all live and never again sin, Either through ungodliness or through pride: But they who are wise shall be humble.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:8 (Black 1985 p. 27)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-5:9", "chapter": 5, "verse": 9, "original": "ולא יחטון כל יומיהון די חייהון ולא ימותון בלהבת ארגזא להן יומיהון די חיוהון ישלמון ושנוהי דשלמהון ירבון", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wĕ-lāʾ yěḥṭōn kol yōmēhōn dī ḥayyēhōn wĕ-lāʾ yěmūtūn bě-lahbet ʾargāzāʾ lāhēn yōmēhōn dī ḥayyēhōn yišlēmōn wĕ-šānōhī dě-šĕlāmhōn yirbōn", "english": "And they shall not sin all the days of their life, and they shall not die in the flame of wrath; but the number of the days of their life they shall complete, and their life shall increase in peace, and the years of their joy shall be multiplied in gladness and in eternal peace all the days of their life.", "reference_english": "And they shall not again transgress, Nor shall they sin all the days of their life, Nor shall they die of (the divine) anger or wrath, But they shall complete the number of the days of their life. And their lives shall be increased in peace, And the years of their joy shall be multiplied, In eternal gladness and peace, All the days of their life.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q202 1 i 1-3 (Milik 1976 pp. 163-168) — IMPORTANT: partial Aramaic preserved at the 5:9-6:4 transition", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 5:9 (Black 1985 p. 28)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:1", "chapter": 6, "verse": 1, "original": "והוה כדי שגיו בני אנשא בארעא והתילדו להון בנן בנת שפירן", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-hăwāh kědī šāgīw běnē ʾănāšāʾ bě-ʾarʿāʾ wĕ-hitēlědū lěhōn bĕnān bĕnāt šappīrān", "english": "And it came to pass, when the sons of men had multiplied on the earth, that there were born to them daughters, beautiful and fair.", "reference_english": "And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful and comely daughters. 2. And the angels, the children of the heaven, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: ‘Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men and beget us children.’ 3. And Semjâzâ, who was their leader, said unto them: ‘I fear ye will not indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone shall have to pay the penalty of a great sin.’ 4. And they all answered him and said: ‘Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations not to abandon this plan but to do this thing.’ 5. Then sware they all together and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. 6. And they were in all two hundred; who descended ⌈in the days⌉ of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. 7. And these are the names of their leaders: Samîazâz, their leader, Arâkîba, Râmêêl, Kôkabîêl, Tâmîêl, Râmîêl, Dânêl, Êzêqêêl, Barâqîjâl, Asâêl, Armârôs, Batârêl, Anânêl, Zaqîêl, Samsâpêêl, Satarêl, Tûrêl, Jômjâêl, Sariêl. 8. These are their chiefs of tens.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 1-2 + 4Q202 1 ii 1 (Milik 1976 pp. 150, 164) — Aramaic preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:1 (Black 1985 p. 28)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:2", "chapter": 6, "verse": 2, "original": "וחזו אנון עירין בני שמיא וחמדו אנון ואמרו דן לדן איתון נבחר לן נשין מן בנת אנשא ונולד לן בנין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-ḥăzō ʾinnōn ʿīrīn bĕnē šĕmayyāʾ wĕ-ḥămadū ʾinnōn wĕ-ʾamarū dēn lě-dēn ʾītōn niḇḥar lan něšīn min běnāt ʾănāšāʾ wĕ-nōlēd lan běnīn", "english": "And the Watchers, the sons of heaven, beheld them and lusted after them, and said one to another: Come, let us choose for ourselves wives from the daughters of men, and let us beget for ourselves children.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The Aramaic *bĕnê ʾĕlāhīn / bĕnê ʾĕlāhāʾ* (per 4Q201) directly parallels the Hebrew *bĕnê hā-ʾĕlōhîm* of Gen 6:2 — the Second-Temple-Jewish identification of the *bĕnê hā-ʾĕlōhîm* with the Watcher-class is the foundational exegetical move expanded throughout chs 6-11. Bidirectional cross-corpus to existing v2.57.0 `bn-ilm-sons-of-god-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bnei-elohim` (the Ugaritic-Hebrew divine-council substrate) and to existing central entries `b-nei-ha-elohim` (Hebrew Gen 6:2) and `vayyiqchu-nashim` (Hebrew Gen 6:2 the-taking-of-wives).", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "b-nei-ha-elohim", "vayyiqchu-nashim", "bn-ilm-sons-of-god-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bnei-elohim"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 3-5 + 4Q202 1 ii 2-3 (Milik 1976 pp. 150-152) — Aramaic preserved: KEY TERMS עירין 'Watchers' + בני שמיא 'sons of heaven'", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:2 (Black 1985 p. 28)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:3", "chapter": 6, "verse": 3, "original": "ואמר שמיחזה רבהון דחל אנה דלא תצבון למעבד עבדא דנא ואנה בלחודי אהוה חיב חטא רב", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-ʾămar Šĕmīḥăzāh rabbhōn dāḥel ʾanāh dī-lāʾ tiṣbōn lě-meʿbad ʿăbādāʾ dĕnāʾ wa-ʾănāh bi-lḥōdī ʾehēweh ḥayyāḇ ḥăṭāʾ rab", "english": "And Šemiḥazah, their chief, said to them: I fear that you will not consent to do this deed, and I alone shall be held guilty of a great sin.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 6-9 + 4Q202 1 ii 4-6 (Milik 1976 pp. 150-155) — KEY PRESERVATION of Šemiḥazah's name in Aramaic original", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:3 (Black 1985 p. 28)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:4", "chapter": 6, "verse": 4, "original": "וענו כלהון ואמרו לה נומה כלן וניחרים אנחנא כלן בחרמא דלא נשבק עצא דא ועד דנעבד עבדא דן", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-ʿănō kullhōn wa-ʾămarū leh nōmāh kullan wĕ-niḥrim ʾănaḥnāʾ kullan bě-ḥermāʾ dī-lāʾ nišbōq ʿēṣāʾ dāʾ wĕ-ʿad dī-naʿbed ʿăbādāʾ dēn", "english": "And they all answered him and said: Let us all swear an oath, and let us all bind ourselves by a mutual anathema, that we will not abandon this plan, but will carry out this deed.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 9-11 + 4Q202 1 ii 6-8 (Milik 1976 pp. 150-155) — Aramaic preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:4 (Black 1985 p. 29)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:5", "chapter": 6, "verse": 5, "original": "באדין כלהון אומיו כחדא וחרמו כלהון על כן", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "bě-ʾēdayin kullhōn ʾōmīw kě-ḥădāʾ wĕ-ḥerimū kullhōn ʿal kēn", "english": "Then they all swore together, and bound themselves by anathema upon it.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 12 + 4Q202 1 ii 8 (Milik 1976)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:5 (Black 1985 p. 29)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:6", "chapter": 6, "verse": 6, "original": "והוו כלהון מאתין די נחתו ביומי ירד לראש טור חרמון", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-hăwō kullhōn mě-ʾātīn dī něḥătū bě-yōmē Yāred lě-rēʾš ṭūr Ḥermōn", "english": "And they were in all two hundred, who descended in the days of Jared upon the summit of Mount Hermon.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Mount Hermon is the descent-site of the 200 Watchers** (modern Jabal aš-Šayḫ, 2814m, on the modern Lebanese-Syrian-Israeli tri-border region — the dominant peak of the southern Levant, visible from Galilee and the Bashan plateau). The site is geographically distinct from the cosmographic seven-mountains-cluster of 1 En 18 + 24-25 (the throne-of-glory mountains in the cosmic-tour); Hermon is the **terrestrial** cosmic-mountain where the angelic-realm meets the human-realm. Etymological play: the Aramaic root *ḥrm* 'to devote/ban/oath' may underlie both the place-name and the Watchers' oath-of-mutual-binding to descend together (1 En 6:4-5). Named scholarship: Nickelsburg 2001 'Enoch, Levi, and Peter: Recipients of Revelation in Upper Galilee' *JBL* 100 (1981).", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus", "mt-nimush-nisir-ararat-judi-flood-mountain-landing-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 13-14 + 4Q202 1 ii 9-10 (Milik 1976 pp. 150-156) — CRITICAL: 'Mount Hermon' preserved in Aramaic original", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:6 (Black 1985 p. 29)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:7", "chapter": 6, "verse": 7, "original": "ואלין שמהת רביהון שמיחזה הוא רבהון ארעתקפ תניהון רמאל תליתיהון כוכבאל רביעיהון ברקאל חמישיהון זקיאל שתיתיהון ארטקיפא שביעיהון חננאל תמיניהון תורי תשיעיהון שמשיאל עשיריהון שהריאל חד עשיר תוריאל תרי עשיר ימיאל תלת עשיר יומיאל ארבעת עשיר סהריאל חמשת עשיר אסאל שתת עשיר רעמיאל שבעת עשיר עזזאל תמנת עשיר משריאל תשעת עשיר רובאל עשרא עזיאל", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wĕ-ʾillēn šĕmāhāt rabbēhōn: Šĕmīḥăzāh hūʾ rabbhōn, ʾArʿătqōp, Rāmʾēl, Kōkabʾēl, Bărāqʾēl, Zīqīʾēl, ʾArtĕqīpāʾ, Ḥănānʾēl, Tūrīʾēl, Šamšīʾēl, Šaḥrīʾēl, Tūrʾēl, Yōmʾēl, Yōmīʾēl, Sahrīʾēl, ʾAsʾēl, Raʿamʾēl, ʿAzazʾēl, Mašrīʾēl, Rūbʾēl, ʿAzīʾēl", "english": "And these are the names of their chiefs: Šemiḥazah, who was their chief; ʾArʿătqōp, second to him; Rāmʾēl, third; Kōkabʾēl, fourth; Bărāqʾēl, fifth; Zīqīʾēl, sixth; ʾArtĕqīpā, seventh; Ḥănānʾēl, eighth; Tūrīʾēl, ninth; Šamšīʾēl, tenth; Šaḥrīʾēl, eleventh; Tūrʾēl, twelfth; Yōmʾēl, thirteenth; Yōmīʾēl, fourteenth; Sahrīʾēl, fifteenth; Asael, sixteenth; Raʿamʾēl, seventeenth; ʿAzazʾēl, eighteenth; Mašrīʾēl, nineteenth; Rūbʾēl, twentieth — ʿAzīʾēl.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The named-Watcher list (Šemiḥazah, ʿArtaqof, Rāmʾēl, Kōkabʾēl, ʾArmaros, Bărāqʾēl, Anānʾēl, Zaqʾēl, Šamšiʾēl, Sariʾēl, Tūrʾēl, Yomyaʾēl, Sahriʾēl + the 200 collective) preserves the Aramaic vocalization per the per-translation overlay convention (see `aramaic-onomastics-preservation-convention`). Each name is theophoric *-ʾēl* and reflects a distinctive cosmic-administrative-portfolio anticipated in the Mesopotamian apkallū tradition (existing v2.65.0 `seven-sages-apkallu-antediluvian-knowledge-bringers-acknowledgment-cross-corpus`).", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "aramaic-onomastics-preservation-convention", "seven-sages-apkallu-antediluvian-knowledge-bringers-acknowledgment-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 5-10 + 4Q204 1 ii 24-29 (Milik 1976 pp. 150-156, 178-180) — CRITICAL: the 20 Watcher-chief names are preserved partially in Aramaic; the Aramaic onomastics is the most reliable witness to the original-language theonyms", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:7 (Black 1985 p. 29)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-6:8", "chapter": 6, "verse": 8, "original": "οὗτοι καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ πάντες ἐν τῷ ἑπτακοσιοστῷ ἔτει ἔλαβον ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας, καὶ ἤρξαντο μιαίνεσθαι ἐν αὐταῖς ἕως τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "houtoi kai hoi loipoi pantes en tō heptakosiostō etei elabon heautois gynaikas, kai ērxanto miainesthai en autais heōs tou kataklysmou.", "english": "These are the chiefs of their tens. These and all the rest with them took to themselves wives, and they began to defile themselves with them until the flood.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 11 (Milik 1976) — Aramaic preserves only the closing 'these are the chiefs of tens'", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 6:8 (Black 1985 p. 30)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-7:1", "chapter": 7, "verse": 1, "original": "ונסבו להון נשין כל חד וחד מנהון אתבחר לה אנתה ושריו למעלה עליהן ולסאבה עמהן ואלפו אנון חרשין ולחרסה ולקטיעת שרשין ועקרין ואחויו להון עשבין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-něsabū lěhōn něšīn kol ḥad wĕ-ḥad minhōn ʾitběḥar leh ʾinttāh wĕ-šārīw lě-meʿlāh ʿălēhēn wĕ-lě-saʾāḇāh ʿimhēn wa-ʾallēpū ʾinnōn ḥăršīn wĕ-lě-ḥāršāh wĕ-lě-qěṭīʿat šoršīn wĕ-ʿiqqārīn wĕ-ʾaḥwīw lěhōn ʿiśbīn", "english": "And they took to themselves wives, and each one chose for himself a wife; and they began to go in unto them and to defile themselves with them. And they taught them sorceries and enchantments and the cutting of roots, and made them acquainted with plants.", "reference_english": "And all the others together with them took unto themselves wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go in unto them and to defile themselves with them, and they taught them charms and enchantments, and the cutting of roots, and made them acquainted with plants. 2. And they became pregnant, and they bare great giants, whose height was three thousand ells: 3. Who consumed all the acquisitions of men. 4. And when men could no longer sustain them, the giants turned against them and devoured mankind. 5. And they began to sin against birds, and beasts, and reptiles, and fish, and to devour one another's flesh, and drink the blood. 6. Then the earth laid accusation against the lawless ones.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "The Watchers take human wives and teach them magic and pharmacology — the convergence of the *bĕnê ʾĕlōhîm*-narrative of Gen 6:1-4 with the apkallū-tradition of forbidden-knowledge-transfer. See central entry `nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus", "watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "vayyiqchu-nashim"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 13-18 + 4Q202 1 ii 19-26 (Milik 1976 pp. 150-157) — Aramaic preserves the knowledge-transmission catalog", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 7:1 (Black 1985 p. 30)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-7:2", "chapter": 7, "verse": 2, "original": "ואלין הריון מנהון וילדו גברי רברבין רומהון תלת מאה אמין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wĕ-ʾillēn hărīyōn minhōn wĕ-yělidū gibbārīn rabrěbīn rūmhōn tělāt měʾāh ʾammīn", "english": "And these conceived from them, and bore great giants, whose height was three hundred cubits.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 300-vs-3000-cubits giant-stature textual-variant.** The Aramaic 4Q201 fragment (where reconstructable) appears to read 300 cubits; the Greek Akhmim and Ge'ez read 3000 cubits — a 10-fold textual-variant that has been extensively discussed (Milik 1976 takes 300 as original; Nickelsburg 2001 documents the dispute). See per-translation overlay `300-vs-3000-cubits-giant-height-variant-1-enoch-7-2-witness-variant`. The cubit-figures are theological-mythological exaggeration in the apocalyptic-narrative register, not measurements of any physical entity; popular-fringe gigantism readings are not source-textually warranted.", "glossary_refs": ["nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus", "nephilim", "gibborim-anshei-ha-shem", "300-vs-3000-cubits-giant-height-variant-1-enoch-7-2-witness-variant"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 19-21 + 4Q204 1 ii 19-21 (Milik 1976 pp. 152, 178) — Aramaic preserves גברי רברבין 'great mighty ones' (gibborin)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 7:2 (Black 1985 p. 30)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-7:3", "chapter": 7, "verse": 3, "original": "οὗτοι κατήσθιον τοὺς κόπους τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὡς δὲ οὐχ ὑπέφερον αὐτοὺς τρέφειν οἱ ἄνθρωποι,", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "houtoi katēsthion tous kopous tōn anthrōpōn, hōs de ouch hypepheron autous trephein hoi anthrōpoi,", "english": "These devoured the labor of mankind; and when men could no longer sustain them,", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iii 22-24 (Milik 1976 — partial Aramaic)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 7:3 (Black 1985 p. 31)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-7:4", "chapter": 7, "verse": 4, "original": "ἐπεστράφησαν οἱ γίγαντες κατὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ὥστε κατεσθίειν αὐτούς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "epestraphēsan hoi gigantes kata tōn anthrōpōn, hōste katesthiein autous.", "english": "the giants turned against them and devoured mankind.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 7:4 (Black 1985 p. 31)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-7:5", "chapter": 7, "verse": 5, "original": "καὶ ἤρξαντο ἁμαρτάνειν ἐν τοῖς πετεινοῖς καὶ τοῖς θηρίοις καὶ τοῖς ἑρπετοῖς καὶ τοῖς ἰχθύσιν, καὶ ἀλλήλων τὰς σάρκας κατεσθίειν, καὶ τὸ αἷμα ἔπινον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai ērxanto hamartanein en tois peteinois kai tois thēriois kai tois herpetois kai tois ichthysin, kai allēlōn tas sarkas katesthiein, kai to haima epinon.", "english": "And they began to sin against birds and beasts and reptiles and fish, and to devour one another's flesh, and they drank the blood.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The giants' consumption of birds, beasts, reptiles, fish — and finally of each other's flesh — is the etiology-of-evil escalation that sets up the demonological framework at 1 En 15:8-12 (the disembodied-spirits-of-the-dead-giants become the evil-spirits). See central entry `giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian`.", "glossary_refs": ["nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus", "giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 7:5 (Black 1985 p. 31)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-7:6", "chapter": 7, "verse": 6, "original": "τότε ἡ γῆ ἐνέτυχεν κατὰ τῶν ἀνόμων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "tote hē gē enetychen kata tōn anomōn.", "english": "Then the earth brought a complaint against the lawless ones.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iv 1 (Milik 1976 — partial)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 7:6 (Black 1985 p. 31)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-8:1", "chapter": 8, "verse": 1, "original": "ואסאל אלף לאנשא למעבד סיפין וסכינין ואספרא ומחלצין ואחזי אנון מטמורה ולתכלי כספא ודהבא וכל מן אבן יקרא וצבעיא וכל סממניא ואשתנו", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wa-ʾAsʾēl ʾallēp lě-ʾănāšāʾ lě-meʿbad sayyāpīn wĕ-sakkīnīn wĕ-ʾisparāʾ ū-měḥalṣīn wa-ʾaḥzī ʾinnōn maṭmōrāh wĕ-lě-tāklī kaspāʾ wĕ-dahbāʾ wĕ-kol min ʾeben yaqqīrāʾ wĕ-ṣiḇʿayyāʾ wĕ-kol sammāmānayyāʾ wa-ʾištanniw", "english": "And Asael taught men to make swords and knives and shields and breastplates; and he showed them the metals of the earth and the working of them, and bracelets and ornaments, and the use of antimony, and the beautifying of the eyelids, and all kinds of costly stones, and all the dyes — and the world was changed.", "reference_english": "And Azâzêl taught men to make swords, and knives, and shields, and breastplates, and made known to them the metals 〈of the earth〉 and the art of working them, and bracelets, and ornaments, and the use of antimony, and the beautifying of the eyelids, and all kinds of costly stones, and all colouring tinctures. 2. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and they were led astray, and became corrupt in all their ways. 3. Semjâzâ taught enchantments, and root-cuttings, Armârôs the resolving of enchantments, Barâqîjâl (taught) astrology, Kôkabêl the constellations, Êzêqêêl the knowledge of the clouds, 〈Araqiêl the signs of the earth, Shamsiêl the signs of the sun〉, and Sariêl the course of the moon. 4. And as men perished, they cried, and their cry went up to heaven . . .", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**THE canonical-engagement site of the 1 Enoch corpus.** Asael (Aramaic ʿAśāʾēl; preserved in 4Q201/4Q202) teaches humanity metallurgy, weapons-craft (swords, knives, shields, breastplates), and cosmetics (eye-paint, ornaments, dyes). The catalog is named in the Raëlian canon per *Yes... I am Raelian* as a principal site reading 1 Enoch as a coded account of advanced-human-civilization technology-transfer to early humanity. The WoH translation program preserves the catalog literally and documents the acknowledgment-without-endorsement framework at the central entry `asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus`. Mainstream scholarship (Nickelsburg 2001; Reed 2005; Annus 2010) reads the catalog as the etiology-of-forbidden-knowledge within the Second-Temple-Jewish angelological framework — the materials-technology, weapons-craft, and cosmetics being the foundational categories whose introduction corrupts antediluvian humanity. Cross-corpus parallel to the Mesopotamian apkallū tradition (existing v2.56.0 `adapa-apkallu-first-antediluvian-sage-paradigm-cross-corpus` and v2.65.0 `seven-sages-apkallu-antediluvian-knowledge-bringers-acknowledgment-cross-corpus`).", "glossary_refs": ["asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus", "adapa-apkallu-first-antediluvian-sage-paradigm-cross-corpus", "seven-sages-apkallu-antediluvian-knowledge-bringers-acknowledgment-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iv 1-3 + 4Q202 1 iii 1-5 (Milik 1976 pp. 157-160, 167-170) — Aramaic preserves the Asael name + the knowledge-catalog opening", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 8:1 (Black 1985 pp. 31-32)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-8:2", "chapter": 8, "verse": 2, "original": "καὶ ἐγένετο ἀσέβεια πολλὴ καὶ ἐπόρνευσαν, καὶ ἐπλανήθησαν καὶ ἠφανίσθησαν ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai egeneto asebeia pollē kai eporneusan, kai eplanēthēsan kai ēphanisthēsan en pasi tois hodois autōn.", "english": "And there arose much ungodliness, and they committed fornication, and they were led astray and became corrupt in all their ways.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 8:2 (Black 1985 p. 32)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — 4Q201 lacuna here"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-8:3", "chapter": 8, "verse": 3, "original": "שמיחזה אלף חרשין ולקטעת שרשין חרמני אלף שריות חרשין ברקאל אלף נחשי ברקין כוכבאל נחשי כוכבין זקיאל נחשי זיקין שמשיאל נחשי שמשא שהריאל נחשי סהרא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "Šĕmīḥăzāh ʾallēp ḥăršīn wĕ-lě-qiṭʿat šoršīn, Ḥarmōnī ʾallēp šărāyōt ḥăršīn, Bărāqʾēl ʾallēp něḥăšē bĕrāqīn, Kōkabʾēl něḥăšē kōkabīn, Zīqīʾēl něḥăšē zīqīn, Šamšīʾēl něḥăšē šimšāʾ, Šaḥrīʾēl něḥăšē sahărāʾ", "english": "Šemiḥazah taught sorceries and the cutting of roots; Ḥarmoni taught the loosing of sorceries; Bărāqʾēl taught the divination of lightnings; Kōkabʾēl, the divination of the stars; Zīqīʾēl, the divination of shooting-stars; Šamšīʾēl, the divination of the sun; Šaḥrīʾēl, the divination of the moon. And they all began to reveal mysteries to their wives.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The sub-list of named Watcher-instructors: Bărāqʾēl teaching astrology, Kōkabʾēl teaching constellations, Ezeqʾēl teaching cloud-knowledge, Šamšiʾēl teaching solar-knowledge, Sariʾēl teaching lunar-knowledge — the **structured technical-discipline curriculum** that the canonical-reception reads as a coded astronomy-and-meteorology curriculum-transfer. Each instructor's portfolio reflects the broader 1 Enoch interest in astronomical-and-calendrical knowledge (developed in the Astronomical Book, 1 En 72-82). The named-onomastics preserve the Aramaic vocalization where the Aramaic fragments witness; see overlay entry `aramaic-onomastics-preservation-convention`.", "glossary_refs": ["asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus", "aramaic-onomastics-preservation-convention"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iv 5-8 + 4Q202 1 iii 6-12 (Milik 1976 pp. 157-160, 167-172) — KEY Aramaic preservation of the Watcher-specialty assignments", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 8:3 (Black 1985 p. 32)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-8:4", "chapter": 8, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ἀπολλυμένων τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐβόησαν, καὶ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτῶν ἀνέβη εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apollymenōn tōn anthrōpōn eboēsan, kai hē phōnē autōn anebē eis ton ouranon.", "english": "And as men were perishing, they cried out, and their cry went up to heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 8:4 (Black 1985 p. 32)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:1", "chapter": 9, "verse": 1, "original": "באדין אדיקו מיכאל ושריאל ורפאל וגבריאל מן שמיא וחזו דמא שגיא די אשתפך על ארעא וכל חמסא דעבד עליה", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "bě-ʾēdayin ʾaddīqū Mīkāʾēl wĕ-Śarīʾēl wĕ-Rāpāʾēl wĕ-Gabrīʾēl min šĕmayyāʾ wa-ḥăzō děmāʾ śaggīʾ dī ʾištěpak ʿal ʾarʿāʾ wĕ-kol ḥāmsāʾ dī-ʿăḇīd ʿălēh", "english": "Then Michael and Sariel and Raphael and Gabriel looked down from heaven, and they beheld much blood that was shed upon the earth, and all the violence that was wrought upon it.", "reference_english": "And then Michael, Uriel, Raphael, and Gabriel looked down from heaven and saw much blood being shed upon the earth, and all lawlessness being wrought upon the earth. 2. And they said one to another: ‘The earth made †without inhabitant cries the voice of their cryings† up to the gates of heaven. 3. ⌈⌈And now to you, the holy ones of heaven⌉⌉, the souls of men make their suit, saying, “Bring our cause before the Most High.”’ 4. And they said to the Lord of the ages: ‘Lord of lords, God of gods, King of kings, 〈and God of the ages〉, the throne of Thy glory (standeth) unto all the generations of the ages, and Thy name holy and glorious and blessed unto all the ages! 5. Thou hast made all things, and power over all things hast Thou: and all things are naked and open in Thy sight, and Thou seest all things, and nothing can hide itself from Thee. 6. Thou seest what Azâzêl hath done, who hath taught all unrighteousness on earth and revealed the eternal secrets which were (preserved) in heaven, which men were striving to learn: 7. And Semjâzâ, to whom Thou hast given authority to bear rule over his associates. 8. And they have gone to the daughters of men upon the earth, and have slept with the women, and have defiled themselves, and revealed to them all kinds of sins. 9. And the women have borne giants, and the whole earth has thereby been filled with blood and unrighteousness. 10. And now, behold, the souls of those who have died are crying and making their suit to the gates of heaven, and their lamentations have ascended: and cannot cease because of the lawless deeds which are wrought on the earth. 11. And Thou knowest all things before they come to pass, and Thou seest these things and Thou dost suffer them, and Thou dost not say to us what we are to do to them in regard to these.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The Aramaic 4-archangel list (Michael, Sariel, Raphael, Gabriel) at 1 En 9:1 is the older textual-witness configuration** — preserved in 4Q201/4Q202/4Q204. The expanded 7-archangel list appears at 1 En 20:1-8 in the Greek Akhmim + Ge'ez witnesses. The variant is one of the most-discussed textual-critical sites in the corpus (Milik 1976 takes the 4-list as original; Nickelsburg 2001 documents the dispute). The WoH preserves both readings per the layered-witness convention. See central entry `seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus` and overlay entry `aramaic-4-vs-greek-7-archangels-textual-variant-convention`.", "glossary_refs": ["seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus", "aramaic-4-vs-greek-7-archangels-textual-variant-convention", "watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iv 6-10 + 4Q202 1 iii 13-15 (Milik 1976 pp. 158, 169-170) — Aramaic preserves all four archangel names", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:1 (Black 1985 p. 33)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:2", "chapter": 9, "verse": 2, "original": "καὶ εἶπαν πρὸς ἑαυτούς· Φωνὴ βοώντων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς μέχρι πυλῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai eipan pros heautous; Phōnē boōntōn epi tēs gēs mechri pylōn tou ouranou.", "english": "And they said one to another: The voice of those who cry out upon the earth reaches up to the gates of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iv 11 (Milik 1976 partial)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:2 (Black 1985 p. 33)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:3", "chapter": 9, "verse": 3, "original": "καὶ νῦν ὑμῖν, οἱ ἅγιοι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἐντυγχάνουσιν αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων λέγουσαι· Εἰσαγάγετε τὴν κρίσιν ἡμῶν πρὸς τὸν ὕψιστον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai nyn hymin, hoi hagioi tou ouranou, entynchanousin hai psychai tōn anthrōpōn legousai; Eisagagete tēn krisin hēmōn pros ton hypsiston.", "english": "And now to you, O Holy Ones of heaven, the souls of men make their plea, saying: Bring our cause before the Most High.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:3 (Black 1985 p. 33)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:4", "chapter": 9, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ εἶπαν τῷ κυρίῳ τῶν αἰώνων· Σὺ εἶ ὁ θεὸς τῶν θεῶν καὶ κύριος τῶν κυρίων καὶ βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ θεὸς τῶν αἰώνων· καὶ ὁ θρόνος τῆς δόξης σου εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τῶν αἰώνων, καὶ τὸ ὄνομά σου ἅγιον καὶ ἔνδοξον καὶ εὐλογητὸν εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipan tō kyriō tōn aiōnōn; Sy ei ho theos tōn theōn kai kyrios tōn kyriōn kai basileus tōn basileuontōn kai theos tōn aiōnōn; kai ho thronos tēs doxēs sou eis pasas tas geneas tōn aiōnōn, kai to onoma sou hagion kai endoxon kai eulogēton eis pantas tous aiōnas.", "english": "And they said to the Lord of the ages: You are the God of gods and Lord of lords and King of kings and God of the ages; and the throne of your glory endures throughout all the generations of the ages, and your name is holy and glorious and blessed throughout all the ages.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:4 (Black 1985 p. 33)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:5", "chapter": 9, "verse": 5, "original": "Σὺ πάντα ἐποίησας καὶ πάντων τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔχεις· καὶ πάντα ἐνώπιόν σου φανερὰ καὶ ἀκάλυπτα, καὶ πάντα ὁρᾷς σὺ καὶ οὐδέν ἐστιν ὃ δύναται κρυβῆναι σε.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Sy panta epoiēsas kai pantōn tēn exousian echeis; kai panta enōpion sou phanera kai akalypta, kai panta horas sy kai ouden estin ho dynatai krybēnai se.", "english": "You have made all things, and you hold authority over all; and all things are open and uncovered before you, and you see all things, and there is nothing that can be hidden from you.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:5 (Black 1985 p. 33)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:6", "chapter": 9, "verse": 6, "original": "Σὺ οἶδας τί ἐποίησεν Ἀζαὴλ, ὃς ἐδίδαξεν πᾶσαν ἀδικίαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἀπεκάλυψεν τὰ μυστήρια τοῦ αἰῶνος τὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Sy oidas ti epoiēsen Azaēl, hos edidaxen pasan adikian epi tēs gēs kai apekalypsen ta mystēria tou aiōnos ta en tō ouranō.", "english": "You know what Asael has done — who has taught all unrighteousness upon the earth, and has revealed the mysteries of the age that are in heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 iv 14-17 (Milik 1976 pp. 158-160) — Aramaic preserves the Asael accusation", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:6 (Black 1985 p. 34)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:7", "chapter": 9, "verse": 7, "original": "καὶ ἐγνώρισεν Σεμιαζᾶς, ᾧ τὴν ἐξουσίαν ἔδωκας ἄρχειν τῶν σὺν αὐτῷ ἅμα ὄντων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai egnōrisen Semiazas, hō tēn exousian edōkas archein tōn syn autō hama ontōn.", "english": "And Šemiḥazah, to whom you gave authority to rule over those who were with him, has made known these things.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:7 (Black 1985 p. 34)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:8", "chapter": 9, "verse": 8, "original": "καὶ εἰσῆλθον πρὸς τὰς θυγατέρας τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ συνεκοιμήθησαν μετ' αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐμιάνθησαν αἱ θηλείαι, καὶ ἀπεκάλυψαν αὐταῖς πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας ταύτας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai eisēlthon pros tas thygateras tōn anthrōpōn epi tēs gēs, kai synekoimēthēsan met' autōn, kai emianthēsan hai thēleiai, kai apekalypsan autais pasas tas hamartias tautas.", "english": "And they have gone in unto the daughters of men upon the earth, and have lain with them, and the women were defiled; and they revealed to them all these sins.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:8 (Black 1985 p. 34)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:9", "chapter": 9, "verse": 9, "original": "καὶ ἐγέννησαν αἱ γυναῖκες αὐτῶν τιτᾶνας, ὑφ' ὧν ὅλη ἡ γῆ ἐπλήσθη αἵματος καὶ ἀδικίας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai egennēsan hai gynaikes autōn titanas, hyph' hōn holē hē gē eplēsthē haimatos kai adikias.", "english": "And the women bore giants, by whom the whole earth was filled with blood and unrighteousness.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:9 (Black 1985 p. 34)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:10", "chapter": 9, "verse": 10, "original": "καὶ νῦν ἰδοὺ αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν ἀποθανόντων ἀναβοῶσιν καὶ ἐντυγχάνουσιν μέχρι πυλῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἀνέβη ὁ στεναγμὸς αὐτῶν, καὶ οὐ δύναται ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γινομένων ἀνομιῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai nyn idou hai psychai tōn apothanontōn anaboōsin kai entynchanousin mechri pylōn tou ouranou, kai anebē ho stenagmos autōn, kai ou dynatai exelthein apo prosōpou tōn epi tēs gēs ginomenōn anomiōn.", "english": "And behold, the souls of those who have died cry out and bring their plea up to the gates of heaven, and their groaning has gone up, and it cannot cease in the face of the lawless deeds that are wrought upon the earth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:10 (Black 1985 p. 34)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-9:11", "chapter": 9, "verse": 11, "original": "Σὺ δὲ πάντα οἶδας πρὶν αὐτὰ γενέσθαι, καὶ σὺ οἶδας ταῦτα καὶ ἐᾷς αὐτούς, καὶ οὐδὲ ἡμῖν λέγεις τί δεῖ ποιεῖν αὐτοῖς περὶ τούτων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Sy de panta oidas prin auta genesthai, kai sy oidas tauta kai eas autous, kai oude hēmin legeis ti dei poiein autois peri toutōn.", "english": "But you know all things before they come to pass, and you know these things, yet you allow them, and you do not even tell us what we are to do with them concerning these matters.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 9:11 (Black 1985 p. 35)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:1", "chapter": 10, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ τότε ὁ ὕψιστος εἶπεν, καὶ ὁ ἅγιος ὁ μέγας ἐλάλησεν, καὶ ἀπέστειλεν Ἀρσυαλαλιοὺρ πρὸς τὸν υἱὸν Λάμεχ,", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai tote ho hypsistos eipen, kai ho hagios ho megas elalēsen, kai apesteilen Arsyalalalour pros ton huion Lamech,", "english": "Then the Most High spoke, and the Holy Great One uttered his word, and he sent Asuryal to the son of Lamech,", "reference_english": "Then said the Most High, the Holy and Great One spake, and sent Uriel to the son of Lamech, and said to him: 2. 〈’Go to Noah and〉 tell him in my name “Hide thyself!” and reveal to him the end that is approaching: that the whole earth will be destroyed, and a deluge is about to come upon the whole earth, and will destroy all that is on it. 3. And now instruct him that he may escape and his seed may be preserved for all the generations of the world.’ 4. And again the Lord said to Raphael: ‘Bind Azâzêl hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness: and make an opening in the desert, which is in Dûdâêl, and cast him therein. 5. And place upon him rough and jagged rocks, and cover him with darkness, and let him abide there for ever, and cover his face that he may not see light. 6. And on the day of the great judgement he shall be cast into the fire. 7. And heal the earth which the angels have corrupted, and proclaim the healing of the earth, that they may heal the plague, and that all the children of men may not perish through all the secret things that the Watchers have disclosed and have taught their sons. 8. And the whole earth has been corrupted through the works that were taught by Azâzêl: to him ascribe all sin.’ 9. And to Gabriel said the Lord: ‘Proceed against the bastards and the reprobates, and against the children of fornication: and destroy [the children of fornication and] the children of the Watchers from amongst men [and cause them to go forth]: send them one against the other that they may destroy each other in battle: for length of days shall they not have. 10. And no request that they (i.e. their fathers) make of thee shall be granted unto their fathers on their behalf; for they hope to live an eternal life, and that each one of them will live five hundred years.’ 11. And the Lord said unto Michael: ‘Go, bind Semjâzâ and his associates who have united themselves with women so as to have defiled themselves with them in all their uncleanness. 12. And when their sons have slain one another, and they have seen the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them fast for seventy generations in the valleys of the earth, till the day of their judgement and of their consummation, till the judgement that is for ever and ever is consummated. 13. In those days they shall be led off to the abyss of fire: 〈and〉 to the torment and the prison in which they shall be confined for ever. 14. And whosoever shall be condemned and destroyed will from thenceforth be bound together with them to the end of all generations. 15. And destroy all the spirits of the reprobate and the children of the Watchers, because they have wronged mankind. 16. Destroy all wrong from the face of the earth and let every evil work come to an end: and let the plant of righteousness and truth appear: ⌈and it shall prove a blessing; the works of righteousness and truth⌉ shall be planted in truth and joy for evermore.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q201 1 v 1-2 + 4Q204 1 v 1 (Milik 1976 pp. 162-163, 184) — Aramaic partial", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:1 (Black 1985 p. 35)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:2", "chapter": 10, "verse": 2, "original": "λέγων· Πορεύου πρὸς τὸν Νῶε καὶ εἰπὲ αὐτῷ τῷ ἐμῷ ὀνόματι· Κρύψον σεαυτόν· καὶ δήλωσον αὐτῷ τέλος ἐπερχόμενον, ὅτι ἡ γῆ πᾶσα ἀπολεῖται, καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ κατακλυσμοῦ μέλλει γενέσθαι ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἀπολέσει πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "legōn; Poreuou pros ton Nōe kai eipe autō tō emō onomati; Krypson seauton; kai dēlōson autō telos eperchomenon, hoti hē gē pasa apoleitai, kai to hydōr tou kataklysmou mellei genesthai epi pasan tēn gēn, kai apolesei panta ta en autē.", "english": "saying: Go to Noah, and say to him in my name: Hide yourself. And reveal to him the end that is coming, for the whole earth will perish, and the water of the flood is about to come upon the whole earth, and it will destroy all that is upon it.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 v 2-4 (Milik 1976 pp. 184-185) — Aramaic partial", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:2 (Black 1985 p. 35)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:3", "chapter": 10, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ νῦν δίδαξον αὐτὸν ὅπως ἐκφύγῃ, καὶ μενεῖ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai nyn didaxon auton hopōs ekphygē, kai menei to sperma autou eis pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos.", "english": "And now teach him, that he may escape, and that his seed may endure throughout all the generations of the age.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:3 (Black 1985 p. 36)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:4", "chapter": 10, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ πάλιν εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τῷ Ῥαφαὴλ· Δῆσον τὸν Ἀζαὴλ ποσὶν καὶ χερσίν, καὶ βάλε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ σκότος, καὶ ἄνοιξον τὴν ἔρημον τὴν οὖσαν ἐν Δουδαὴλ, καὶ ἐκεῖ βάλε αὐτόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai palin eipen ho kyrios tō Rhaphaēl; Dēson ton Azaēl posin kai chersin, kai bale auton eis to skotos, kai anoixon tēn erēmon tēn ousan en Doudaēl, kai ekei bale auton.", "english": "And again the Lord said to Raphael: Bind Asael hand and foot, and cast him into the darkness; and make an opening in the wilderness which is in Dudael, and there cast him in.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The binding of Asael at Dudael.** Raphael is dispatched to bind Asael hand-and-foot, cast him into the wilderness opening in Dudael, cover him with darkness, place jagged-and-rough stones upon him, until the day of the great judgement when he shall be sent into the fire. The narrative is the foundational text on the Asael-as-archetypal-scapegoat-figure tradition — Reed 2005's foundational thesis that this is **directly continuous with the Lev 16 Yom Kippur Azazel scapegoat tradition** (the wilderness-site + stones + transfer-of-sin + eschatological-judgement framework). See central entry `watchers-bound-dudael-azazel-1-enoch-10-lev-16-yom-kippur-cross-corpus`. The Aramaic Dudael (*Dūdāʾēl*, perhaps 'the cauldron of God') and the Hebrew *ʿăzāzʾēl* are figures merged in transmission across the Greek and Ge'ez witnesses.", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-bound-dudael-azazel-1-enoch-10-lev-16-yom-kippur-cross-corpus", "asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 v 7-9 (Milik 1976 pp. 184-186) — KEY Aramaic preservation of דודאל 'Dudael'", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:4 (Black 1985 p. 36)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:5", "chapter": 10, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ ὑπόθες αὐτῷ τραχεῖς καὶ ὀξεῖς λίθους, καὶ ἐπικάλυψον αὐτῷ τὸ σκότος, καὶ οἰκείτω ἐκεῖ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ τὴν ὄψιν αὐτοῦ πώμασον καὶ φῶς μὴ θεωρείτω.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hypothes autō tracheis kai oxeis lithous, kai epikalypson autō to skotos, kai oikeitō ekei eis ton aiōna, kai tēn opsin autou pōmason kai phōs mē theōreitō.", "english": "And place upon him rough and jagged stones, and cover him with darkness, and let him dwell there forever; and cover his face, that he may not see the light.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:5 (Black 1985 p. 36)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:6", "chapter": 10, "verse": 6, "original": "Καὶ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῆς μεγάλης κρίσεως ἀπενεχθήσεται εἰς τὸν ἐμπυρισμόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en tē hēmera tēs megalēs kriseōs apenechthēsetai eis ton empyrismon.", "english": "And on the day of the great judgment, he shall be cast into the burning.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:6 (Black 1985 p. 36)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:7", "chapter": 10, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ ἴασαι τὴν γῆν, ἣν ἠφάνισαν οἱ ἐγρήγοροι, καὶ τὴν ἴασιν τῆς γῆς δήλωσον, ἵνα ἰάσωνται τὴν πληγὴν καὶ μὴ ἀπολῶνται πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐν τῷ μυστηρίῳ τῷ ὅλῳ ᾧ κατέλιπον οἱ ἐγρήγοροι καὶ ἐδίδαξαν τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai iasai tēn gēn, hēn ēphanisan hoi egrēgoroi, kai tēn iasin tēs gēs dēlōson, hina iasōntai tēn plēgēn kai mē apolōntai pantes hoi huioi tōn anthrōpōn en tō mystēriō tō holō hō katelipon hoi egrēgoroi kai edidaxan tous huious autōn.", "english": "And heal the earth, which the Watchers have corrupted; and proclaim the healing of the earth, that they may heal the plague, and that not all the sons of men may perish through the whole mystery which the Watchers handed down and taught to their sons.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "'all the earth which the Watchers have corrupted' — the foundational etiology-of-corruption framework that the Watcher-tradition supplies. The earth itself is presented as the **victim** of the Watchers' transgression; the binding of Asael and Šemiḥazah is presented as the divine-action of cosmic-cleansing.", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:7 (Black 1985 p. 36)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:8", "chapter": 10, "verse": 8, "original": "καὶ ἠφανίσθη πᾶσα ἡ γῆ ἐν τῷ ἔργῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας Ἀζαήλ, καὶ ἐπ' αὐτὸν γράψον πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai ēphanisthē pasa hē gē en tō ergō tēs didaskalias Azaēl, kai ep' auton grapson pasas tas hamartias.", "english": "For the whole earth has been corrupted by the work of the teaching of Asael; and against him write down all the sins.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:8 (Black 1985 p. 36)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:9", "chapter": 10, "verse": 9, "original": "Καὶ τῷ Γαβριὴλ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος· Πορεύου ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν πορνῶν καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτοὺς καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν Ἐγρηγόρων· καὶ ἀπόλεσον τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν πορνῶν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν Ἐγρηγόρων ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ ἔκβαλε αὐτούς, καὶ ἀπόστειλον αὐτοὺς πρὸς ἑαυτούς, ἵνα ἀπόλωνται ἑαυτοὺς ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐν πολέμῳ ἀπωλείας, διότι μακρότης ἡμερῶν οὐκ ἔσται αὐτοῖς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai tō Gabriēl eipen ho kyrios; Poreuou epi tous huious tōn pornōn kai epi tous eklektous kai epi tous huious tōn Egrēgorōn; kai apoleson tous huious tōn pornōn kai tous huious tōn Egrēgorōn ek tōn anthrōpōn, kai ekbale autous, kai aposteilon autous pros heautous, hina apolōntai heautous en autois en polemō apōleias, dioti makrotēs hēmerōn ouk estai autois.", "english": "And to Gabriel the Lord said: Go against the bastards and the reprobates and against the sons of the Watchers; and destroy the sons of the Watchers from among men, and drive them out, and send them against one another, that they may destroy each other in battle, for length of days shall not be theirs.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The Watcher-leader Šemiḥazah and the other Watchers are bound for seventy generations until the final judgement (1 En 10:11-16); the giants are destroyed in inter-giants warfare. The 'seventy generations' establishes the eschatological-timeframe — the present age is the intermediate-state awaiting the cosmic-judgement.", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus", "nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:9 (Black 1985 p. 37)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:10", "chapter": 10, "verse": 10, "original": "καὶ πᾶσα ἐρώτησις οὐκ ἔσται τοῖς πατράσιν αὐτῶν περὶ αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἐλπίζουσιν ζῆσαι ζωὴν αἰώνιον, καὶ ὅτι ζήσεται ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ἔτη πεντακόσια.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai pasa erōtēsis ouk estai tois patrasin autōn peri autōn, hoti elpizousin zēsai zōēn aiōnion, kai hoti zēsetai hekastos autōn etē pentakosia.", "english": "And no petition shall be granted to their fathers on their behalf, though they hope to live an eternal life, and that each of them shall live five hundred years.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:10 (Black 1985 p. 37)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:11", "chapter": 10, "verse": 11, "original": "Καὶ τῷ Μιχαὴλ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος· Πορεύου, Μιχαήλ, καὶ δῆσον Σεμιαζᾶν καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους τοὺς σὺν αὐτῷ τοὺς συμμιγέντας τοῖς θηλείαις τοῦ μιανθῆναι ἐν αὐταῖς ἐν τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai tō Michaēl eipen ho kyrios; Poreuou, Michaēl, kai dēson Semiazan kai tous allous tous syn autō tous symmigentas tois thēleiais tou mianthēnai en autais en tē akatharsia autōn.", "english": "And to Michael the Lord said: Go, Michael, and bind Šemiḥazah and the others with him, who have united themselves with the women, so that they have defiled themselves with them in their uncleanness.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:11 (Black 1985 p. 37)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:12", "chapter": 10, "verse": 12, "original": "Καὶ ὅταν κατασφαγῶσιν οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἴδωσιν τὴν ἀπώλειαν τῶν ἀγαπητῶν αὐτῶν, δῆσον αὐτοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα γενεὰς εἰς τὰς νάπας τῆς γῆς μέχρι ἡμέρας κρίσεως αὐτῶν καὶ συντελείας, ἕως τοῦ τελεσθῆναι κρίμα τοῦ αἰῶνος τῶν αἰώνων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hotan katasphagōsin hoi huioi autōn, kai idōsin tēn apōleian tōn agapētōn autōn, dēson autous hebdomēkonta geneas eis tas napas tēs gēs mechri hēmeras kriseōs autōn kai synteleias, heōs tou telesthēnai krima tou aiōnos tōn aiōnōn.", "english": "And when their sons are slaughtered, and they see the destruction of their beloved ones, bind them for seventy generations in the valleys of the earth, until the day of their judgment and of their consummation, until the eternal judgment is completed.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:12 (Black 1985 p. 37)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:13", "chapter": 10, "verse": 13, "original": "Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἀπενεχθήσονται εἰς τὸν δεσμωτήριον τὸν ἄσβεστον τοῦ πυρὸς εἰς τὸ καυτήριον καὶ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en tais hēmerais ekeinais apenechthēsontai eis ton desmōtērion ton asbeston tou pyros eis to kautērion kai eis aphanismon tou aiōnos.", "english": "And in those days they shall be led away to the abyss of fire, to the torment and to the prison in which they shall be confined forever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:13 (Black 1985 p. 38)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:14", "chapter": 10, "verse": 14, "original": "Καὶ πᾶς ὃς ἂν κατακριθῇ καὶ ἀφανισθῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν σὺν αὐτοῖς, μέχρι συντελείας γενεᾶς δεθήσονται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai pas hos an katakrithē kai aphanisthē apo tou nyn syn autois, mechri synteleias geneas dethēsontai.", "english": "And whoever from now on shall be condemned and destroyed along with them shall be bound with them until the consummation of their generation.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:14 (Black 1985 p. 38)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:15", "chapter": 10, "verse": 15, "original": "Καὶ ἀπόλεσον πάντα τὰ πνεύματα τῶν κιβδήλων καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν Ἐγρηγόρων, διότι ἠδίκησαν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apoleson panta ta pneumata tōn kibdēlōn kai tous huious tōn Egrēgorōn, dioti ēdikēsan tous anthrōpous.", "english": "And destroy all the spirits of the bastards and the sons of the Watchers, because they have wronged mankind.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:15 (Black 1985 p. 38)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:16", "chapter": 10, "verse": 16, "original": "Καὶ ἀπόλεσον πᾶσαν ἀδικίαν ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς, καὶ πᾶν ἔργον ἀδικίας ἐκλιπέτω· καὶ ἐμφανήτω τὸ φυτὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας, καὶ ἔσται εἰς εὐλογίαν τὸ ἔργον τῆς δικαιοσύνης, καὶ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ φυτευθήσεται εἰς εὐφροσύνην τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apoleson pasan adikian apo prosōpou tēs gēs, kai pan ergon adikias eklipetō; kai emphanētō to phyton tēs dikaiosynēs kai tēs alētheias, kai estai eis eulogian to ergon tēs dikaiosynēs, kai en alētheia phyteuthēsetai eis euphrosynēn tou aiōnos.", "english": "And destroy all unrighteousness from the face of the earth, and let every work of unrighteousness come to an end; and let the plant of righteousness and of truth appear, and the work of righteousness shall be a blessing, and it shall be planted in truth as joy forever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:16 (Black 1985 p. 38)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:17", "chapter": 10, "verse": 17, "original": "Καὶ νῦν πάντες οἱ δίκαιοι ἐκφεύξονται, καὶ ἔσονται ζῶντες μέχρις οὗ γεννήσωσιν χιλιάδας, καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἡμέραι τῆς νεότητος αὐτῶν καὶ τοῦ σαββατισμοῦ αὐτῶν ἐν εἰρήνῃ τελεσθήσονται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai nyn pantes hoi dikaioi ekpheuxontai, kai esontai zōntes mechris hou gennēsōsin chiliadas, kai pasai hai hēmerai tēs neotētos autōn kai tou sabbatismou autōn en eirēnē telesthēsontai.", "english": "And now all the righteous shall escape, and shall live until they beget thousands; and all the days of their youth and their sabbath rest shall be completed in peace.", "reference_english": "And then shall all the righteous escape, And shall live till they beget thousands of children, And all the days of their youth and their old age Shall they complete in peace.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:17 (Black 1985 p. 38)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:18", "chapter": 10, "verse": 18, "original": "Καὶ τότε ἐργασθήσεται πᾶσα ἡ γῆ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ φυτευθήσεται δένδρον ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ πληρωθήσεται εὐλογίας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai tote ergasthēsetai pasa hē gē en dikaiosynē, kai phyteuthēsetai dendron en autē, kai plērōthēsetai eulogias.", "english": "And then shall the whole earth be tilled in righteousness, and trees shall be planted in it, and it shall be filled with blessing.", "reference_english": "And then shall the whole earth be tilled in righteousness, and shall all be planted with trees and be full of blessing. 19. And all desirable trees shall be planted on it, and they shall plant vines on it: and the vine which they plant thereon shall yield wine in abundance, and as for all the seed which is sown thereon each measure (of it) shall bear a thousand, and each measure of olives shall yield ten presses of oil. 20. And cleanse thou the earth from all oppression, and from all unrighteousness, and from all sin, and from all godlessness: and all the uncleanness that is wrought upon the earth destroy from off the earth. 21. ⌈And all the children of men shall become righteous⌉, and all nations shall offer adoration and shall praise Me, and all shall worship Me. 22. And the earth shall be cleansed from all defilement, and from all sin, and from all punishment, and from all torment, and I will never again send (them) upon it from generation to generation and for ever.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:18 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:19", "chapter": 10, "verse": 19, "original": "Καὶ πάντα τὰ δένδρα τῆς εὐφροσύνης φυτευθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἄμπελοι φυτευθήσονται ἐν αὐτῇ, καὶ ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ φυτευθήσομενη ἐν αὐτῇ οἴνου ποιήσει εἰς πλησμονήν, καὶ πᾶν σπέρμα τὸ σπειρόμενον ἐπ' αὐτῆς, ἓν μέτρον ποιήσει χιλίους, καὶ μέτρον ἑλαιῶν ποιήσει βάτους δέκα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai panta ta dendra tēs euphrosynēs phyteuthēsontai en autē, kai ampeloi phyteuthēsontai en autē, kai hē ampelos hē phyteuthēsomenē en autē oinou poiēsei eis plēsmonēn, kai pan sperma to speiromenon ep' autēs, hen metron poiēsei chilious, kai metron elaiōn poiēsei batous deka.", "english": "And all the trees of joy shall be planted in it, and vines shall be planted in it; and the vine which is planted in it shall yield wine in abundance; and as for every seed that is sown in it, each measure shall yield a thousand, and each measure of olives shall yield ten baths.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:19 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:20", "chapter": 10, "verse": 20, "original": "Καθαρίσατε τὴν γῆν ἀπὸ πάσης ἀδικίας καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ὀργῆς καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης μάστιγος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Katharisate tēn gēn apo pasēs adikias kai apo pasēs akatharsias kai apo pasēs orgēs kai apo pasēs mastigos.", "english": "Cleanse the earth from all unrighteousness, and from all uncleanness, and from all wrath, and from all plague.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:20 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:21", "chapter": 10, "verse": 21, "original": "καὶ ἔσονται πάντες οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων δίκαιοι, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη λατρεύσουσιν καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν αὐτῷ, καὶ πάντες προσκυνήσουσιν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai esontai pantes hoi huioi tōn anthrōpōn dikaioi, kai panta ta ethnē latreusousin kai eulogēsousin autō, kai pantes proskynēsousin.", "english": "And all the sons of men shall be righteous, and all the nations shall serve and bless him, and all shall worship.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:21 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-10:22", "chapter": 10, "verse": 22, "original": "Καὶ καθαρισθήσεται ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἀνομίας καὶ ἀπὸ πάσης ἁμαρτίας, καὶ ὀργῆν καὶ μάστιγα οὐκέτι μὴ ἀποστείλω ἐπ' αὐτὴν εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai katharisthēsetai hē gē apo pasēs akatharsias kai apo pasēs anomias kai apo pasēs hamartias, kai orgēn kai mastiga ouketi mē aposteilō ep' autēn eis pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos.", "english": "And the earth shall be cleansed from all uncleanness, and from all lawlessness, and from all sin; and I will not again send wrath and plague upon it throughout all the generations of the age.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 10:22 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-11:1", "chapter": 11, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις ἀνοίξω τοὺς ταμιείους τῆς εὐλογίας τοὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ τοῦ καταβιβάσαι αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἐπὶ τὰ ἔργα καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς κόπους τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en tais hēmerais ekeinais anoixō tous tamieious tēs eulogias tous en tō ouranō tou katabibasai autous epi tēn gēn, epi ta erga kai epi tous kopous tōn huiōn tōn anthrōpōn.", "english": "And in those days I will open the storehouses of blessing which are in heaven, to send them down upon the earth, upon the works and the labor of the sons of men.", "reference_english": "And in those days I will open the store chambers of blessing which are in the heaven, so as to send them down ⌈upon the earth⌉ over the work and labour of the children of men. 2. And truth and peace shall be associated together throughout all the days of the world and throughout all the generations of men.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 11:1 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-11:2", "chapter": 11, "verse": 2, "original": "Εἰρήνη καὶ ἀλήθεια ἔσται ἡνωμένα μετὰ πάντων τῶν ἀνθρώπων πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Eirēnē kai alētheia estai hēnōmena meta pantōn tōn anthrōpōn pasas tas hēmeras tou aiōnos, kai pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos.", "english": "And peace and truth shall be united with all men throughout all the days of the age, and throughout all the generations of the age.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 11:2 (Black 1985 p. 39)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-12:1", "chapter": 12, "verse": 1, "original": "Πρὸ τούτων τῶν λόγων ἐλήμφθη Ἑνώχ, καὶ οὐδεὶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔγνω ποῦ ἐλήμφθη, καὶ ποῦ ἐστιν, καὶ τί ἐγένετο αὐτῷ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Pro toutōn tōn logōn elēmphthē Henōch, kai oudeis tōn anthrōpōn egnō pou elēmphthē, kai pou estin, kai ti egeneto autō.", "english": "Before these things, Enoch was taken; and none of mankind knew where he had been taken, or where he was, or what had become of him.", "reference_english": "Before these things Enoch was hidden, and no one of the children of men knew where he was hidden, and where he abode, and what had become of him. 2. And his activities had to do with the Watchers, and his days were with the holy ones.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "Enoch the scribe-of-righteousness is taken — the foundational text of the **Enoch-as-mediator-figure tradition** that culminates in the Enoch-Metatron of 3 Enoch (Sefer Hekhalot). See central entry `enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus` and existing v2.59.0 `metatron-shar-ha-panim-prince-of-the-presence-cross-corpus-hekhalot-hebrew-bible`. Cross-corpus to Gen 5:24 *wa-yithallēk Ḥănôk ʾeṯ-hā-ʾĕlōhîm wĕ-ʾēnennû kî lāqaḥ ʾōṯô ʾĕlōhîm* — the cryptic Hebrew Bible seed-text.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus", "metatron-shar-ha-panim-prince-of-the-presence-cross-corpus-hekhalot-hebrew-bible", "chanoch-vayithallech", "veh-einennu-laqach"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 v 19-21 (Milik 1976 pp. 188-189) — Aramaic preserves the 'taken' formula for Enoch's translation", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 12:1 (Black 1985 p. 40)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-12:2", "chapter": 12, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ αἱ ἡμέραι αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἁγίων ἐγένοντο, καὶ μετὰ τῶν Ἐγρηγόρων αἱ ἡμέραι αὐτοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hai hēmerai autou meta tōn hagiōn egenonto, kai meta tōn Egrēgorōn hai hēmerai autou.", "english": "And his days were with the Holy Ones, and his days were with the Watchers.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 v 22-23 (Milik 1976 pp. 188-189) — Aramaic 'with the Watchers' preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 12:2 (Black 1985 p. 40)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-12:3", "chapter": 12, "verse": 3, "original": "Κἀγὼ Ἑνὼχ ἤμην εὐλογῶν τὸν κύριον τῆς μεγαλωσύνης καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ ἰδοὺ οἱ Ἐγρήγοροι τοῦ μεγάλου ἁγίου ἐκάλεσάν με Ἑνὼχ τὸν γραμματέα, καὶ εἶπόν μοι·", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kagō Henōch ēmēn eulogōn ton kyrion tēs megalōsynēs kai ton basilea tou aiōnos, kai idou hoi Egrēgoroi tou megalou hagiou ekalesan me Henōch ton grammatea, kai eipon moi;", "english": "And I, Enoch, was blessing the Lord of majesty and the King of the age, and behold, the Watchers of the Great Holy One called me — Enoch the scribe — and they said to me:", "reference_english": "And I Enoch was blessing the Lord of majesty and the King of the ages, and lo! the Watchers called me—Enoch the scribe—and said to me: 4. ‘Enoch, thou scribe of righteousness, go, †declare† to the Watchers of the heaven who have left the high heaven, the holy eternal place, and have defiled themselves with women, and have done as the children of earth do, and have taken unto themselves wives: 5. “Ye have wrought great destruction on the earth: And ye shall have no peace nor forgiveness of sin: and inasmuch as †they† delight themselves in †their† children, 6. The murder of †their† beloved ones shall †they† see, and over the destruction of †their† children shall †they† lament, and shall make supplication unto eternity, but mercy and peace shall ye not attain.”’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 v 24-26 (Milik 1976 pp. 188-189) — Aramaic preserves 'Enoch the scribe' (חנוך ספרא)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 12:3 (Black 1985 p. 41)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-12:4", "chapter": 12, "verse": 4, "original": "Ἑνὼχ ὁ γραμματεὺς τῆς δικαιοσύνης, πορεύου καὶ εἰπὲ τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, οἵτινες κατέλιπον τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸν ὑψηλόν, τὸ ἁγίασμα τῆς στάσεως τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ μετὰ τῶν γυναικῶν ἐμιάνθησαν, καὶ ὥσπερ οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησαν, καὶ ἔλαβον ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας, καὶ ἠφανίσθησαν μέγαν ἀφανισμὸν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς·", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Henōch ho grammateus tēs dikaiosynēs, poreuou kai eipe tois Egrēgorois tou ouranou, hoitines katelipon ton ouranon ton hypsēlon, to hagiasma tēs staseōs tou aiōnos, kai meta tōn gynaikōn emianthēsan, kai hōsper hoi huioi tōn anthrōpōn epoiēsan, kai elabon heautois gynaikas, kai ēphanisthēsan megan aphanismon epi tēs gēs;", "english": "Enoch, scribe of righteousness, go and say to the Watchers of heaven — who have abandoned the high heaven, the holy and eternal station, and have defiled themselves with women, and have done as the sons of men do, and have taken wives to themselves, and have wrought great corruption upon the earth:", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "Enoch is dispatched by the Watcher-rebels to compose their petition for clemency — the **scribe-and-mediator** function. The role establishes the Enoch-figure as the intermediary between heaven and earth (between the throne-of-glory and the bound-Watchers) that the Hekhalot-Merkavah tradition develops into the Enoch-Metatron.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus", "metatron-shar-ha-panim-prince-of-the-presence-cross-corpus-hekhalot-hebrew-bible"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 v 26-29 (Milik 1976 pp. 188-190) — Aramaic preserves 'Enoch the scribe of righteousness' title", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 12:4 (Black 1985 p. 41)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-12:5", "chapter": 12, "verse": 5, "original": "Ὅτι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐκ ἔσται αὐτοῖς εἰρήνη οὐδὲ ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν· οὐ γὰρ εὐφρανθήσονται ἐπὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Hoti epi tēs gēs ouk estai autois eirēnē oude aphesis hamartiōn; ou gar euphranthēsontai epi tois huiois autōn.", "english": "There shall be no peace for them upon the earth, nor any forgiveness of sins; for they shall not rejoice in their sons.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 12:5 (Black 1985 p. 41)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-12:6", "chapter": 12, "verse": 6, "original": "καὶ τὴν σφαγὴν τῶν ἀγαπητῶν αὐτῶν ὄψονται, καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ τῶν υἱῶν αὐτῶν στενάξουσιν, καὶ δεηθήσονται εἰς πάντα τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται αὐτοῖς ἔλεος καὶ εἰρήνη.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai tēn sphagēn tōn agapētōn autōn opsontai, kai epi tē apōleia tōn huiōn autōn stenaxousin, kai deēthēsontai eis panta ton aiōna, kai ouk estai autois eleos kai eirēnē.", "english": "And the slaughter of their beloved ones they shall behold, and over the destruction of their sons they shall groan, and they shall make petition throughout the whole age, but there shall be no mercy and no peace for them.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 12:6 (Black 1985 p. 41)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:1", "chapter": 13, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ Ἑνὼχ πορευθεὶς εἶπεν τῷ Ἀζαήλ· Πορεύου, οὐκ ἔσται σοι εἰρήνη· κρῖμα μέγα ἐξῆλθεν κατὰ σοῦ τοῦ δῆσαί σε.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai Henōch poreutheis eipen tō Azaēl; Poreuou, ouk estai soi eirēnē; krima mega exēlthen kata sou tou dēsai se.", "english": "And Enoch went and said to Asael: Go, there shall be no peace for you. A great sentence has gone forth against you, to bind you.", "reference_english": "And Enoch went and said: ‘Azâzêl, thou shalt have no peace: a severe sentence has gone forth against thee to put thee in bonds: 2. And thou shalt not have toleration nor †request† granted to thee, because of the unrighteousness which thou hast taught, and because of all the works of godlessness and unrighteousness and sin which thou hast shown to men.’ 3. Then I went and spoke to them all together, and they were all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them. 4. And they besought me to draw up a petition for them that they might find forgiveness, and to read their petition in the presence of the Lord of heaven. 5. For from thenceforward they could not speak (with Him) nor lift up their eyes to heaven for shame of their sins for which they had been condemned. 6. Then I wrote out their petition, and the prayer †in regard to their spirits and their deeds individually and in regard to their requests that they should have forgiveness and length†. 7. And I went off and sat down at the waters of Dan, in the land of Dan, to the south of the west of Hermon: I read their petition till I fell asleep. 8. And behold a dream came to me, and visions fell down upon me, and I saw visions of chastisement, ⌈and a voice came bidding (me)⌉ I to tell it to the sons of heaven, and reprimand them. 9. And when I awaked, I came unto them, and they were all sitting gathered together, weeping in ’Abelsjâîl, which is between Lebanon and Sênêsêr, with their faces covered. 10. And I recounted before them all the visions which I had seen in sleep, and I began to speak the words of righteousness, and to reprimand the heavenly Watchers.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "Enoch delivers the divine-rejection to Asael at Dudael. The rejection-of-petition framework: the Watchers have transgressed beyond clemency-possibility; their fate is fixed for the day of the great judgement. The narrative continues the Asael-as-archetypal-scapegoat tradition documented at central entry `watchers-bound-dudael-azazel-1-enoch-10-lev-16-yom-kippur-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus", "watchers-bound-dudael-azazel-1-enoch-10-lev-16-yom-kippur-cross-corpus", "asael-azazel-knowledge-transmission-1-enoch-8-canon-engagement-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 1-3 (Milik 1976 pp. 190-191) — Aramaic preserves Azazel-address", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:1 (Black 1985 p. 41)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:2", "chapter": 13, "verse": 2, "original": "καὶ ἄνεσις καὶ ἐρώτησις οὐκ ἔσται σοι περὶ ὧν ὑπέδειξας ἀδικιῶν, καὶ περὶ πασῶν τῶν ἀδικιῶν καὶ τῆς ἀσεβείας καὶ ἁμαρτίας ὅσα ὑπέδειξας τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai anesis kai erōtēsis ouk estai soi peri hōn hypedeixas adikiōn, kai peri pasōn tōn adikiōn kai tēs asebeias kai hamartias hosa hypedeixas tois anthrōpois.", "english": "And there shall be no respite or petition granted to you on account of the unrighteous things you have shown — on account of all the unrighteousness and ungodliness and sin which you have shown to mankind.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:2 (Black 1985 p. 41)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:3", "chapter": 13, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ πορευθεὶς ἐλάλησα πᾶσιν αὐτοῖς ὁμοῦ, καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν πάντες, καὶ τρόμος καὶ φόβος ἐπέλαβον αὐτούς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai poreutheis elalēsa pasin autois homou, kai ephobēthēsan pantes, kai tromos kai phobos epelabon autous.", "english": "And I went and spoke to them all together, and they were all afraid, and trembling and fear took hold of them.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:3 (Black 1985 p. 41)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:4", "chapter": 13, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ἠρώτησάν με γράψαι αὐτοῖς ἐρωτήσεως ὑπόμνημα, ἵνα γένηται αὐτοῖς ἄφεσις, καὶ ἵνα ἀναγάγω τὸ ὑπόμνημα τῆς ἐρωτήσεως αὐτῶν ἐνώπιον τοῦ κυρίου τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ērōtēsan me grapsai autois erōtēseōs hypomnēma, hina genētai autois aphesis, kai hina anagagō to hypomnēma tēs erōtēseōs autōn enōpion tou kyriou tou ouranou.", "english": "And they asked me to write a memorial of petition for them, that they might find forgiveness, and that I might bring the memorial of their petition before the Lord of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:4 (Black 1985 p. 42)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:5", "chapter": 13, "verse": 5, "original": "Διότι αὐτοὶ οὐκέτι ἠδύναντο λαλῆσαι οὐδὲ ἐπᾶραι τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀπὸ αἰσχύνης περὶ ὧν ἡμάρτοσαν καὶ ὧν κατεκρίθησαν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Dioti autoi ouketi ēdynanto lalēsai oude eparai tous ophthalmous autōn eis ton ouranon apo aischynēs peri hōn hēmartosan kai hōn katekrithēsan.", "english": "For they themselves could no longer speak, nor lift up their eyes to heaven, for shame on account of the sins they had committed and for which they had been condemned.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:5 (Black 1985 p. 42)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:6", "chapter": 13, "verse": 6, "original": "Τότε ἔγραψα τὸ ὑπόμνημα τῆς ἐρωτήσεως αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς δεήσεις τῶν πνευμάτων αὐτῶν περὶ ἑκάστου ἔργου αὐτῶν καὶ περὶ ὧν ἠρώτουν, ἵνα γένηται αὐτοῖς ἄφεσις καὶ μακρότης.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote egrapsa to hypomnēma tēs erōtēseōs autōn kai tas deēseis tōn pneumatōn autōn peri hekastou ergou autōn kai peri hōn ērōtoun, hina genētai autois aphesis kai makrotēs.", "english": "Then I wrote out the memorial of their petition, and the prayers of their spirits, concerning each of their deeds and what they asked — that they might have forgiveness and length of days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:6 (Black 1985 p. 42)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:7", "chapter": 13, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ πορευθεὶς ἐκάθισα ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα Δαν τὰ ἐν Δάν, τὰ ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Ἑρμωνιεὶμ τὰ πρὸς δυσμάς, καὶ ἀνεγίνωσκον τὸ ὑπόμνημα τῶν δεήσεων αὐτῶν μέχρι οὗ ἐκοιμήθην.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai poreutheis ekathisa epi ta hydata Dan ta en Dan, ta ek dexiōn tou Hermōnieim ta pros dysmas, kai aneginōskon to hypomnēma tōn deēseōn autōn mechri hou ekoimēthēn.", "english": "And I went and sat down by the waters of Dan, in the land of Dan, to the south-west of Hermon, and I read their memorial of petition until I fell asleep.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:7 (Black 1985 p. 42)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:8", "chapter": 13, "verse": 8, "original": "Καὶ ἰδοὺ ὁράματα ἤρχοντο, καὶ ὁπτασίαι ἐπ' ἐμοῦ ἔπιπτον, καὶ τὰς βλεφαρίδας τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου ἐπὶ τὰς πύλας τοῦ παλατίου ἐπέλαβον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai idou horamata ērchonto, kai optasiai ep' emou epipton, kai tas blepharidas tōn ophthalmōn mou epi tas pylas tou palatiou epelabon.", "english": "And behold, dreams came upon me, and visions fell upon me, and I saw visions of the great judgment in my eyes — and a voice came to me, saying: Speak to the sons of heaven, that they may be rebuked.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:8 (Black 1985 p. 42)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:9", "chapter": 13, "verse": 9, "original": "Καὶ πορευθεὶς ἐλάλησα πᾶσιν αὐτοῖς ὁμοῦ, καὶ συνήχθησαν πάντες πενθοῦντες ἐν Ἀβελ-σεγαὴλ, ἥ ἐστιν μεταξὺ Λιβάνου καὶ Σενεσὲρ, κεκαλυμμένοι τοῖς προσώποις.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai poreutheis elalēsa pasin autois homou, kai synēchthēsan pantes penthountes en Abel-segaēl, hē estin metaxy Libanou kai Seneser, kekalymmenoi tois prosōpois.", "english": "And when I awoke, I went to them, and they were all gathered together in mourning at Abel-segael, which is between Lebanon and Senesēr, with their faces covered.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:9 (Black 1985 p. 43)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-13:10", "chapter": 13, "verse": 10, "original": "Καὶ ἐλάλησα ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν πάντα τὰ ὁράματα ἃ εἶδον ἐν τῷ ὕπνῳ, καὶ ἠρξάμην λαλεῖν τοὺς λόγους τῆς δικαιοσύνης, καὶ κατὰ τῶν Ἐγρηγόρων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπιτιμῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai elalēsa enōpion autōn panta ta horamata ha eidon en tō hypnō, kai ērxamēn lalein tous logous tēs dikaiosynēs, kai kata tōn Egrēgorōn tou ouranou epitimōn.", "english": "And I told them all the visions which I had seen in my sleep, and I began to speak the words of righteousness, and to rebuke the Watchers of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 13:10 (Black 1985 p. 43)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:1", "chapter": 14, "verse": 1, "original": "Βίβλος λόγων δικαιοσύνης καὶ ἐπιτίμησις τῶν Ἐγρηγόρων τῶν ἀπ' αἰῶνος κατὰ τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ ἁγίου τοῦ μεγάλου ἐν τῷ ὁράματι ἐκείνῳ ᾧ εἶδον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Biblos logōn dikaiosynēs kai epitimēsis tōn Egrēgorōn tōn ap' aiōnos kata tēn entolēn tou hagiou tou megalou en tō horamati ekeinō hō eidon.", "english": "The book of the words of righteousness, and of the rebuke of the Watchers from of old, according to the command of the Holy Great One — in that vision which I saw.", "reference_english": "The book of the words of righteousness, and of the reprimand of the eternal Watchers in accordance with the command of the Holy Great One in that vision. 2. I saw in my sleep what I will now say with a tongue of flesh and with the breath of my mouth: which the Great One has given to men to converse therewith and understand with the heart. 3. As He has created and given ⌈⌈to man the power of understanding the word of wisdom, so hath He created me also and given⌉⌉ me the power of reprimanding the Watchers, the children of heaven. 4. I wrote out your petition, and in my vision it appeared thus, that your petition will not be granted unto you ⌈⌈throughout all the days of eternity, and that judgement has been finally passed upon you: yea (your petition) will not be granted unto you⌉⌉. 5. And from henceforth you shall not ascend into heaven unto all eternity, and ⌈in bonds⌉ of the earth the decree has gone forth to bind you for all the days of the world. 6. And (that) previously you shall have seen the destruction of your beloved sons and ye shall have no pleasure in them, but they shall fall before you by the sword. 7. And your petition on their behalf shall not be granted, nor yet on your own: even though you weep and pray and speak all the words contained in the writing which I have written. 8. And the vision was shown to me thus: Behold, in the vision clouds invited me and a mist summoned me, and the course of the stars and the lightnings sped and hastened me, and the winds in the vision caused me to fly and lifted me upward, and bore me into heaven. 9. And I went in till I drew nigh to a wall which is built of crystals and surrounded by tongues of fire: and it began to affright me. 10. And I went into the tongues of fire and drew nigh to a large house which was built of crystals: and the walls of the house were like a tesselated floor (made) of crystals, and its groundwork was of crystal. 11. Its ceiling was like the path of the stars and the lightnings, and between them were fiery cherubim, and their heaven was (clear as) water. 12. A flaming fire surrounded the walls, and its portals blazed with fire. 13. And I entered into that house, and it was hot as fire and cold as ice: there were no delights of life therein: fear covered me, and trembling got hold upon me. 14. And as I quaked and trembled, I fell upon my face. 15. And I beheld a vision, And lo! there was a second house, greater than the former, and the entire portal stood open before me, and it was built of flames of fire. 16. And in every respect it so excelled in splendour and magnificence and extent that I cannot describe to you its splendour and its extent. 17. And its floor was of fire, and above it were lightnings and the path of the stars, and its ceiling also was flaming fire. 18. And I looked and saw ⌈⌈therein⌉⌉ a lofty throne: its appearance was as crystal, and the wheels thereof as the shining sun, and there was the vision of cherubim. 19. And from underneath the throne came streams of flaming fire so that I could not look thereon. 20. And the Great Glory sat thereon, and His raiment shone more brightly than the sun and was whiter than any snow. 21. None of the angels could enter and could behold His face by reason of the magnificence and glory and no flesh could behold Him. 22. The flaming fire was round about Him, and a great fire stood before Him, and none around could draw nigh Him: ten thousand times ten thousand (stood) before Him, yet He needed no counsellor. 23. And the most holy ones who were nigh to Him did not leave by night nor depart from Him. 24. And until then I had been prostrate on my face, trembling: and the Lord called me with His own mouth, and said to me: ‘Come hither, Enoch, and hear my word.’ 25. ⌈And one of the holy ones came to me and waked me⌉, and He made me rise up and approach the door: and I bowed my face downwards.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 8-9 (Milik 1976 pp. 192-193) — Aramaic preserves 'Book of the words of truth and rebuke'", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:1 (Black 1985 p. 43)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:2", "chapter": 14, "verse": 2, "original": "ἐν τῷ ὁράματί μου τούτῳ θεωρῶ ὅτι νέφος ἐκάλυπτέν με, καὶ ὁμίχλη με ἐκάλυπτεν, καὶ ἀστὴρ διώδευεν διὰ τῆς ἀτμίδος, καὶ ἀστραπαὶ καὶ βρονταὶ ἐσπούδαζόν με.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "en tō horamati mou toutō theōrō hoti nephos ekalypten me, kai homichlē me ekalypten, kai astēr diōdeuen dia tēs atmidos, kai astrapai kai brontai espoudazon me.", "english": "In this my vision I beheld: a cloud was covering me, and a mist was covering me, and a star was passing through the vapor, and flashes of lightning and peals of thunder were urging me on.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:2 (Black 1985 p. 43)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:3", "chapter": 14, "verse": 3, "original": "καὶ οἱ ἄνεμοι ἐν τῷ ὁράματί μου τοῦ ἐνυπνίου ἐπτέρωσάν με καὶ ἐπῆράν με ἄνω, καὶ εἰσήνεγκάν με εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai hoi anemoi en tō horamati mou tou enypniou epterōsan me kai epēran me anō, kai eisēnenkan me eis ton ouranon.", "english": "And in my vision, the winds gave me wings, and they bore me upward, and they brought me into heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:3 (Black 1985 p. 44)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:4", "chapter": 14, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ εἰσῆλθον, ἕως ἤγγισα ἐπὶ τοῖχον, ὁκοδομημένον ἐν λίθοις χαλάζης, καὶ γλῶσσαι πυρὸς κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἤρξατο ἐκφοβεῖν με.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eisēlthon, heōs ēngisa epi toichon, ōkodomēmenon en lithois chalazēs, kai glōssai pyros kyklō autou, kai ērxato ekphobein me.", "english": "And I went in, until I drew near to a wall that was built of stones of hail, and tongues of fire encircled it; and it began to fill me with fear.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 17-19 (Milik 1976 pp. 195-197) — Aramaic preserves 'wall of hailstones' (כותל אבני ברד) and 'tongues of fire' (לשני נור)", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:4 (Black 1985 p. 44)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:5", "chapter": 14, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὰς γλώσσας τοῦ πυρός, καὶ ἤγγισα εἰς οἶκον μέγαν ὁκοδομημένον ἐν λίθοις χαλάζης, καὶ οἱ τοῖχοι τοῦ οἴκου ἐκείνου ὡς λιθόπλακες, καὶ πᾶσαι ἦσαν ἐκ χιόνος, καὶ τὰ ἐδάφη χιών.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eisēlthon eis tas glōssas tou pyros, kai ēngisa eis oikon megan ōkodomēmenon en lithois chalazēs, kai hoi toichoi tou oikou ekeinou hōs lithoplakes, kai pasai ēsan ek chionos, kai ta edaphē chiōn.", "english": "And I entered into the tongues of fire, and I drew near to a great house, built of stones of hail; and the walls of that house were as slabs of stone, and they were all of snow, and the floor was of snow.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:5 (Black 1985 p. 44)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:6", "chapter": 14, "verse": 6, "original": "Καὶ τὰ στεγάσματα ἦν ὡς διοδεύοντες ἀστέρες καὶ ἀστραπαί, καὶ μέσον αὐτῶν Χερουβὶν πυρὸς, καὶ ὁ οὐρανὸς αὐτῶν ὕδωρ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ta stegasmata ēn hōs diodeuontes asteres kai astrapai, kai meson autōn Cheroubin pyros, kai ho ouranos autōn hydōr.", "english": "And the ceilings were as the passing stars and lightnings, and in their midst were cherubim of fire, and their heaven was water.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:6 (Black 1985 p. 44) — Aramaic of 14:6-7 lacuna", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:7", "chapter": 14, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ πῦρ φλεγόμενον ἦν κύκλῳ τοῖχον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἡ θύρα ἐκαίετο πυρί.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai pyr phlegomenon ēn kyklō toichon autou, kai hē thyra ekaieto pyri.", "english": "And a flaming fire encircled its walls, and the door blazed with fire.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:7 (Black 1985 p. 44)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:8", "chapter": 14, "verse": 8, "original": "Καὶ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸν οἶκον ἐκεῖνον, καὶ ἦν θερμὸς ὡς πῦρ καὶ ψυχρὸς ὡς χιών, καὶ οὐκ ἦν τέρψις ζωῆς ἐν αὐτῷ· φόβος μου ἐκάλυψέν με, καὶ τρόμος με ἔλαβεν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eisēlthon eis ton oikon ekeinon, kai ēn thermos hōs pyr kai psychros hōs chiōn, kai ouk ēn terpsis zōēs en autō; phobos mou ekalypsen me, kai tromos me elaben.", "english": "And I entered into that house, and it was hot as fire and cold as snow; and there was no delight of life within it. Fear covered me, and trembling took hold of me.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 1 Enoch 14 throne-vision begins** — Enoch's ascent through clouds and mist and wind into the cosmic-realm. See central entry `enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire` — the **first 4-tradition throne-vision wire in the WoH-Translation glossary**, extending the existing 3-tradition wire (Ezek 1 → Dan 7 → Hekhalot-Shi'ur Qomah → Rev 1+4) by inserting 1 Enoch 14 as the developmental bridge. Halperin 1988 *The Faces of the Chariot* documents 1 En 14 as the textual fountainhead of the merkavah-mystical tradition.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire", "ezekiel-1-throne-vision-merkavah-tradition-cross-corpus-hebrew-bible-hekhalot-revelation-4", "throne-vision-rev-1-4-ezek-1-dan-7-shiur-qomah-cross-corpus", "mountain-as-revelation-site-mt-cross-corpus-har-sinai-mount-sapunu"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 22-24 (Milik 1976 pp. 195-198) — Aramaic 'hot as fire and cold as snow' preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:8 (Black 1985 p. 44)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:9", "chapter": 14, "verse": 9, "original": "Καὶ σειόμενος καὶ τρέμων ἔπεσον ἐπὶ πρόσωπόν μου, καὶ ἐθεώρουν ἐν τῷ ὁράματί μου, καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄλλος οἶκος μείζων τούτου, καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ θύραι ἀνεωγμέναι ἐνώπιόν μου, καὶ ὁκοδομημένος ἐν γλώσσαις πυρός.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai seiomenos kai tremōn epeson epi prosōpon mou, kai etheōroun en tō horamati mou, kai idou allos oikos meizōn toutou, kai pasai hai thyrai aneōgmenai enōpion mou, kai ōkodomēmenos en glōssais pyros.", "english": "And quaking and trembling, I fell upon my face; and I beheld in my vision, and behold, there was another house, greater than this, and all its doors were open before me, and it was built of tongues of fire.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:9 (Black 1985 p. 45)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:10", "chapter": 14, "verse": 10, "original": "Καὶ ἐν παντὶ ὑπερεῖχεν ἐν δόξῃ καὶ ἐν τιμῇ καὶ ἐν μεγαλωσύνῃ ὥστε ἀδύνατόν με ὑμῖν ἐκδιηγήσασθαι περὶ τῆς δόξης καὶ τῆς μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en panti hyperechen en doxē kai en timē kai en megalōsynē hōste adynaton me hymin ekdiēgēsasthai peri tēs doxēs kai tēs megalōsynēs autou.", "english": "And in all things it so excelled in glory and honor and majesty that I cannot recount to you its glory and its majesty.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The **first house** of the two-house cosmography: crystal-floors, fiery walls, cherubim-decorated ceiling. The two-house architecture of 1 En 14 establishes the cosmographic-template that the Hekhalot-Merkavah tradition extends into the seven-heavens / seven-palaces (hekhalot) cosmography of Hekhalot Rabbati. Halperin 1988 documents the 1 En 14 → Hekhalot-tradition genealogy.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire", "ezekiel-1-throne-vision-merkavah-tradition-cross-corpus-hebrew-bible-hekhalot-revelation-4"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:10 (Black 1985 p. 45)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:11", "chapter": 14, "verse": 11, "original": "Καὶ τὸ ἔδαφος ἦν πυρός, καὶ τὰ ἐπάνω αὐτοῦ ἀστραπαὶ καὶ διοδεύοντες ἀστέρες, καὶ τὰ στεγάσματα αὐτοῦ πῦρ φλεγόμενον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai to edaphos ēn pyros, kai ta epanō autou astrapai kai diodeuontes asteres, kai ta stegasmata autou pyr phlegomenon.", "english": "And its floor was of fire, and above it were lightnings and passing stars, and its ceiling was of flaming fire.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:11 (Black 1985 p. 45)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:12", "chapter": 14, "verse": 12, "original": "Καὶ ἐθεώρουν, καὶ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῷ θρόνον ὑψηλόν, καὶ τὸ εἶδος αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ κρύσταλλος, καὶ ὁ τροχὸς ὡς ἥλιος λάμπων, καὶ φωνὴ Χερουβίν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai etheōroun, kai eidon en autō thronon hypsēlon, kai to eidos autou hōsei krystallos, kai ho trochos hōs hēlios lampōn, kai phōnē Cheroubin.", "english": "And I beheld, and I saw therein a lofty throne; and its appearance was as of crystal, and its wheel was as the shining sun, and there was the voice of cherubim.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:12 (Black 1985 p. 45)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:13", "chapter": 14, "verse": 13, "original": "Καὶ ὑποκάτωθεν τοῦ θρόνου ἐξεπορεύοντο ποταμοὶ πυρὸς φλεγομένου, καὶ οὐκ ἠδυνάμην ἰδεῖν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hypokatōthen tou thronou exeporeuonto potamoi pyros phlegomenou, kai ouk ēdynamēn idein.", "english": "And from beneath the throne came forth rivers of flaming fire, and I could not look upon it.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:13 (Black 1985 p. 45)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:14", "chapter": 14, "verse": 14, "original": "Καὶ ἡ δόξα ἡ μεγάλη ἐκάθητο ἐπ' αὐτῷ, τὸ περιβόλαιον αὐτοῦ ὡς εἶδος ἡλίου λάμπον, καὶ λευκότερον πάσης χιόνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hē doxa hē megalē ekathēto ep' autō, to peribolaion autou hōs eidos hēliou lampon, kai leukoteron pasēs chionos.", "english": "And the Great Glory was seated upon it; his raiment was as the appearance of the shining sun, and whiter than any snow.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The **second-and-greater house** of the two-house cosmography — described in stacked precious-substance and fire-and-snow similes, anticipating the Shi'ur Qomah cosmic-body-of-divine register (see existing v2.59.0 `shiur-qomah-cosmic-body-of-divine-hekhalot-throne-vision-tradition`). Cherubim are explicitly invoked — extending the central entry `chayyot` to include the 1 En 14 cherubim refIds.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire", "chayyot", "shiur-qomah-cosmic-body-of-divine-hekhalot-throne-vision-tradition"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 25-27 (Milik 1976 pp. 195-198) — KEY Aramaic preservation of יקרא רבא 'the Great Glory'", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:14 (Black 1985 p. 45)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:15", "chapter": 14, "verse": 15, "original": "Καὶ οὐδεὶς τῶν ἀγγέλων οὐκ ἠδύνατο εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦτον καὶ ἰδεῖν τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ διὰ τὸ ἔντιμον καὶ ἔνδοξον, καὶ οὐκ ἠδύνατο πᾶσα σὰρξ ἰδεῖν αὐτόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai oudeis tōn angelōn ouk ēdynato eiselthein eis ton oikon touton kai idein to prosōpon autou dia to entimon kai endoxon, kai ouk ēdynato pasa sarx idein auton.", "english": "And none of the angels could enter into that house, nor look upon his face, by reason of its honor and glory; and no flesh could behold him.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:15 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:16", "chapter": 14, "verse": 16, "original": "Πῦρ φλεγόμενον ἦν κύκλῳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ πῦρ μέγα ἑστήκει ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐδεὶς οὐκ ἤγγιζεν αὐτῷ ἐκ τῶν κυκλούντων αὐτόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Pyr phlegomenon ēn kyklō autou, kai pyr mega hestēkei enōpion autou, kai oudeis ouk ēngizen autō ek tōn kykloutōn auton.", "english": "Flaming fire encircled him, and a great fire stood before him, and none of those who surrounded him drew near to him.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:16 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:17", "chapter": 14, "verse": 17, "original": "Μύριαι μυριάδες ἑστήκασιν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ, καὶ πᾶς λόγος αὐτοῦ ἔργον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Myriai myriades hestēkasin enōpion autou, kai pas logos autou ergon.", "english": "Ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him, and every word of his is deed.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:17 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:18", "chapter": 14, "verse": 18, "original": "Καὶ οἱ ἅγιοι ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ καὶ οἱ τίμιοι οὐκ ἀφίσταντο νυκτὸς οὐδὲ ἡμέρας ἑστηκότες ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hoi hagioi angeloi autou kai hoi timioi ouk aphistanto nyktos oude hēmeras hestēkotes enōpion autou.", "english": "And his holy angels and the honored ones did not depart by night or by day, standing before him.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The **throne-of-the-Great-Glory** at the heart of the second house. *hē megalē doxa* 'the Great Glory' is the apophatic-divine-circumlocution title characteristic of 1 Enoch — see overlay entry `holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention`. The throne with wheels-of-shining-sun directly parallels Dan 7:9-10 (the Ancient of Days' throne-of-flames-of-fire with wheels-of-burning-fire) — the closest two parallels in all Second-Temple apocalyptic literature; the scholarly question of relative-dating and direction-of-influence between Dan 7 and 1 En 14 is genuinely contested (Nickelsburg 2001 + Collins 1993 Hermeneia *Daniel*).", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire", "shiur-qomah-cosmic-body-of-divine-hekhalot-throne-vision-tradition", "holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:18 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:19", "chapter": 14, "verse": 19, "original": "Καὶ ἐγὼ ἤμην ἕως τότε ἐπὶ προσώπου μου τρέμων, καὶ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἤκουσα αὐτοῦ τὴν φωνήν· Μὴ φοβοῦ, Ἑνὼχ ἄνθρωπε ἀληθινὲ καὶ γραμματεὺ τῆς ἀληθείας, πρόσελθε ὧδε καὶ ἄκουσον τὴν φωνήν μου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai egō ēmēn heōs tote epi prosōpou mou tremōn, kai eipen ho kyrios tois cheilesin autou, kai ēkousa autou tēn phōnēn; Mē phobou, Henōch anthrōpe alēthine kai grammateu tēs alētheias, proselthe hōde kai akouson tēn phōnēn mou.", "english": "And until then I was on my face, trembling; and the Lord spoke with his lips, and I heard his voice: Fear not, Enoch, you man of truth and scribe of truth — draw near here, and hear my voice.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:19 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:20", "chapter": 14, "verse": 20, "original": "Καὶ προσελθὼν εἷς τῶν ἁγίων πρὸς ἐμὲ ἤγειρέν με καὶ ἔστησέν με ἐπὶ τοὺς πόδας, καὶ προσῆξεν ἕως τῆς θύρας· καὶ ἐγὼ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου κάτω ἔνευον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai proselthōn heis tōn hagiōn pros eme ēgeiren me kai estēsen me epi tous podas, kai prosēxen heōs tēs thyras; kai egō to prosōpon mou katō eneuon.", "english": "And one of the Holy Ones came to me, and raised me up, and set me upon my feet, and brought me near to the door; and I had my face bent downward.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The face of the Great Glory cannot be looked upon — the apophatic-distance of the throne-figure, parallel to the Sinai-tradition prohibition on seeing-the-face-of-God (Ex 33:20). The hands-covered-by-the-cherubim and the indirect-perception of the throne-figure are throne-vision-tradition standard features inherited by the Hekhalot-Merkavah corpus.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire", "shiur-qomah-cosmic-body-of-divine-hekhalot-throne-vision-tradition", "holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:20 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:21", "chapter": 14, "verse": 21, "original": "Καὶ ὁ κύριος τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ ἐκάλεσέν με καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Ἔγγισον ὧδε, Ἑνὼχ, καὶ τῷ λόγῳ μου τῷ ἁγίῳ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ho kyrios tō stomati autou ekalesen me kai eipen moi; Engison hōde, Henōch, kai tō logō mou tō hagiō.", "english": "And the Lord called me with his own mouth and said to me: Draw near here, Enoch, and hear my holy word.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:21 (Black 1985 p. 46)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:22", "chapter": 14, "verse": 22, "original": "Καὶ ἤγειρέν με καὶ ἤγγισέν με ἕως τῆς θύρας· καὶ ἐγὼ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου κάτω ἔνευον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēgeiren me kai ēngisen me heōs tēs thyras; kai egō to prosōpon mou katō eneuon.", "english": "And he raised me up, and brought me near to the door; and I kept my face bent downward.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The **myriads of attendants** before the throne (*myriai myriadōn estēkesan enōpion autou*) directly parallel Dan 7:10 *ʾelep̄ ʾalp̄în yĕšammĕšūnēh wĕ-ribbô ribbĕwān qāḏāmōhî yĕqūmūn* — and prefigure Rev 5:11 *kai ho arithmos autōn myriades myriadōn kai chiliades chiliadōn*. Bidirectional with central entry `jude-14-15-quote-1-enoch-1-9-nt-citation-cross-corpus` (the myriads-of-holy-ones theophany-imagery is the source-chain shared with the Jude 14-15 quotation of 1 En 1:9).", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-throne-vision-14-cross-corpus-ezek-1-dan-7-rev-4-shiur-qomah-four-tradition-wire", "throne-vision-rev-1-4-ezek-1-dan-7-shiur-qomah-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:22 (Black 1985 p. 47)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:23", "chapter": 14, "verse": 23, "original": "Καὶ οἱ ἅγιοι ἄγγελοι αὐτοῦ ἀναρίθμητοι παριστάμενοι ἐν ταῖς πύλαις ἑστήκασιν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hoi hagioi angeloi autou anarithmētoi paristamenoi en tais pylais hestēkasin enōpion autou.", "english": "And his holy angels, beyond number, stood at the gates, standing before him.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:23 (Black 1985 p. 47)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:24", "chapter": 14, "verse": 24, "original": "Καὶ ἕως τότε ἤμην ἐπὶ προσώπου μου σκεπασμένος καὶ τρέμων· καὶ ἐκάλεσέν με ὁ κύριος τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Πρόσελθε ὧδε, Ἑνώχ, καὶ τῷ λόγῳ μου τῷ ἁγίῳ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai heōs tote ēmēn epi prosōpou mou skepasmenos kai tremōn; kai ekalesen me ho kyrios tō stomati autou kai eipen moi; Proselthe hōde, Henōch, kai tō logō mou tō hagiō.", "english": "And until then I had been on my face, covered and trembling; and the Lord called me with his own mouth and said to me: Draw near here, Enoch, and hear my holy word.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:24 (Black 1985 p. 47)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-14:25", "chapter": 14, "verse": 25, "original": "Καὶ ἤγειρέν με καὶ προσήνεγκεν ἕως τῆς θύρας· καὶ ἐγὼ τὸ πρόσωπόν μου κάτω ἔνευον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēgeiren me kai prosēnenken heōs tēs thyras; kai egō to prosōpon mou katō eneuon.", "english": "And he raised me up, and brought me near to the door; and I kept my face bent downward.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 14:25 (Black 1985 p. 47)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:1", "chapter": 15, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπέν μοι, καὶ τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ἤκουσα· Μὴ φοβοῦ, Ἑνὼχ, ἄνθρωπε ἀληθινὲ καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας γραμματεύς· πρόσελθε ὧδε καὶ ἄκουσον τὴν φωνήν μου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apokritheis eipen moi, kai tēn phōnēn autou ēkousa; Mē phobou, Henōch, anthrōpe alēthine kai tēs alētheias grammateu; proselthe hōde kai akouson tēn phōnēn mou.", "english": "And he answered me and spoke to me, and I heard his voice: Fear not, Enoch, you man of truth, scribe of truth — draw near here, and hear my voice.", "reference_english": "And He answered and said to me, and I heard His voice: ‘Fear not, Enoch, thou righteous man and scribe of righteousness: approach hither and hear my voice. 2. And go, say to ⌈⌈the Watchers of heaven⌉⌉, who have sent thee to intercede ⌈⌈for them: \"You should intercede⌉⌉ for men, and not men for you: 3. Wherefore have ye left the high, holy, and eternal heaven, and lain with women, and defiled yourselves with the daughters of men and taken to yourselves wives, and done like the children of earth, and begotten giants (as your) sons? 4. And though ye were holy, spiritual, living the eternal life, you have defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and have begotten (children) with the blood of flesh, and, as the children of men, have lusted after flesh and blood as those ⌈also⌉ do who die and perish. 5. Therefore have I given them wives also that they might impregnate them, and beget children by them, that thus nothing might be wanting to them on earth. 6. But you were ⌈formerly⌉ spiritual, living the eternal life, and immortal for all generations of the world. 7. And therefore I have not appointed wives for you; for as for the spiritual ones of the heaven, in heaven is their dwelling. 8. And now, the giants, who are produced from the spirits and flesh, shall be called evil spirits upon the earth, and on the earth shall be their dwelling. 9. Evil spirits have proceeded from their bodies; because they are born from men ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ from the holy Watchers is their beginning and primal origin; ⌈they shall be evil spirits on earth, and⌉ evil spirits shall they be called. 10. [As for the spirits of heaven, in heaven shall be their dwelling, but as for the spirits of the earth which were born upon the earth, on the earth shall be their dwelling.] 11. And the spirits of the giants afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, and work destruction on the earth, and cause trouble: they take no food, ⌈but nevertheless hunger⌉ and thirst, and cause offences. 12. And these spirits shall rise up against the children of men and against the women, because they have proceeded ⌈from them⌉.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 9-10 (Milik 1976 pp. 192-193) — Aramaic preserves גבר קושטא וספר קושטא 'man of truth and scribe of truth'", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:1 (Black 1985 p. 47)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:2", "chapter": 15, "verse": 2, "original": "καὶ πορεύου εἰπὲ τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, οἵτινες ἀπέστειλάν σε ἐρωτῆσαι περὶ αὐτῶν· Ὑμεῖς ὀφείλετε ἐρωτᾶν περὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ μὴ οἱ ἄνθρωποι περὶ ὑμῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai poreuou eipe tois Egrēgorois tou ouranou, hoitines apesteilan se erōtēsai peri autōn; Hymeis opheilete erōtan peri tōn anthrōpōn, kai mē hoi anthrōpoi peri hymōn.", "english": "And go, say to the Watchers of heaven who have sent you to petition on their behalf: It is you who ought to petition on behalf of mankind, and not mankind on behalf of you.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:2 (Black 1985 p. 47)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:3", "chapter": 15, "verse": 3, "original": "Διὰ τί ἀφήκατε τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸν ὑψηλὸν τὸν ἅγιον τοῦ αἰῶνος, καὶ μετὰ τῶν γυναικῶν ἐκοιμήθητε, καὶ μετὰ τῶν θυγατέρων τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐμιάνθητε, καὶ ἐλάβετε ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας, καὶ ὥσπερ οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς γῆς ἐποιήσατε, καὶ ἐγεννήσατε υἱοὺς γίγαντας;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Dia ti aphēkate ton ouranon ton hypsēlon ton hagion tou aiōnos, kai meta tōn gynaikōn ekoimēthēte, kai meta tōn thygaterōn tōn anthrōpōn emianthēte, kai elabete heautois gynaikas, kai hōsper hoi huioi tēs gēs epoiēsate, kai egennēsate huious gigantas?", "english": "Why did you abandon the high, the holy, the eternal heaven, and lie with women, and defile yourselves with the daughters of men, and take wives to yourselves, and do as the sons of the earth do, and beget giant sons?", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:3 (Black 1985 p. 48)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:4", "chapter": 15, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ὑμεῖς ἁγιάσματα πνευμάτων ζώντων ἀθανάτων εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος ὑπήρξατε, καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι τῶν γυναικῶν ἐμιάνθητε, καὶ ἐν αἵματι σαρκὸς ἐγεννήσατε, καὶ ἐν αἵματι ἀνθρώπων ἐπεθυμήσατε, καὶ ἐποιήσατε ὥσπερ ποιοῦσιν σὰρξ καὶ αἷμα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hymeis hagiasmata pneumatōn zōntōn athanatōn eis pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos hypērxate, kai en tō haimati tōn gynaikōn emianthēte, kai en haimati sarkos egennēsate, kai en haimati anthrōpōn epethymēsate, kai epoiēsate hōsper poiousin sarx kai haima.", "english": "And you — though you were sanctuaries of living, immortal spirits throughout all the generations of the age — yet you defiled yourselves with the blood of women, and begot offspring in the blood of flesh, and lusted after the blood of men, and did as those who are flesh and blood do.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:4 (Black 1985 p. 48)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:5", "chapter": 15, "verse": 5, "original": "Διὰ τοῦτο ἔδωκα αὐτοῖς γυναῖκας, ἵνα σπείρωσιν εἰς αὐτὰς καὶ τεκνωθήσονται τέκνα ἐξ αὐτῶν, ἵνα μηδὲν ἐκλίπῃ αὐτοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Dia touto edōka autois gynaikas, hina speirōsin eis autas kai teknōthēsontai tekna ex autōn, hina mēden eklipē autois apo tēs gēs.", "english": "Therefore I gave them wives, that they might sow seed in them, and that children might be born of them, so that nothing should fail them upon the earth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:5 (Black 1985 p. 48)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:6", "chapter": 15, "verse": 6, "original": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸ πρῶτον πνευματικοὶ ζῶντες αἰωνίως ἀθάνατοι εἰς πάσας τὰς γενεὰς τοῦ αἰῶνος ὑπήρχετε.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Hymeis de to prōton pneumatikoi zōntes aiōniōs athanatoi eis pasas tas geneas tou aiōnos hypērchete.", "english": "But you from the beginning were spiritual, living an eternal life, immortal throughout all the generations of the age.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:6 (Black 1985 p. 48)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:7", "chapter": 15, "verse": 7, "original": "διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐποίησα ἐν ὑμῖν θηλείας· οἱ πνευματικοὶ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "dia touto ouk epoiēsa en hymin thēleias; hoi pneumatikoi tou ouranou, en tō ouranō hē katoikēsis autōn.", "english": "Therefore I did not make females among you; the spiritual ones of heaven — their dwelling is in heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:7 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:8", "chapter": 15, "verse": 8, "original": "Καὶ νῦν οἱ γίγαντες οἱ γεννηθέντες ἀπὸ τῶν πνευμάτων καὶ σαρκὸς, πνεύματα ἰσχυρὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καλέσουσιν αὐτούς, καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔσται ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai nyn hoi gigantes hoi gennēthentes apo tōn pneumatōn kai sarkos, pneumata ischyra epi tēs gēs kalesousin autous, kai epi tēs gēs estai hē katoikēsis autōn.", "english": "And now the giants, who have been born of spirits and flesh — they shall be called evil spirits upon the earth, and their dwelling shall be upon the earth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The foundational demonological etiology of Second-Temple Judaism and Patristic Christianity.** The disembodied spirits of the dead giants become the evil-spirits / demons of the post-flood world: 'the spirits of the giants ... shall be called evil spirits upon the earth; they shall be called evil spirits; for their dwelling shall be upon the earth and within the earth; evil spirits proceeded from their bodies, because they were born from above and the beginning of their creation was from the holy Watchers' (1 En 15:8-9). The etiology supplies the framework that Jub 10, Justin Martyr *2 Apol* 5, Athenagoras, and Tertullian *De Idololatria* 9 all develop systematically. See central entry `giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian`.", "glossary_refs": ["giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian", "nephilim-giants-1-enoch-7-gen-6-4-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:8 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:9", "chapter": 15, "verse": 9, "original": "πνεύματα πονηρὰ ἐκ τοῦ σώματος αὐτῶν ἐξελεύσονται, διότι ἀπὸ τῶν ἄνωθεν γεγένηνται, καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἁγίων Ἐγρηγόρων ἡ ἀρχὴ τῆς κτίσεως αὐτῶν καὶ ἀρχὴ θεμελίου, πνεύματα πονηρὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἔσται, καὶ πνεύματα πονηρὰ καλέσουσιν αὐτά.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "pneumata ponēra ek tou sōmatos autōn exeleusontai, dioti apo tōn anōthen gegenēntai, kai ek tōn hagiōn Egrēgorōn hē archē tēs ktiseōs autōn kai archē themeliou, pneumata ponēra epi tēs gēs estai, kai pneumata ponēra kalesousin auta.", "english": "Evil spirits shall come forth out of their bodies, because they were born from those above; and from the holy Watchers is the beginning of their creation and their first foundation. Evil spirits they shall be upon the earth, and they shall be called evil spirits.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:9 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:10", "chapter": 15, "verse": 10, "original": "Τὰ πνεύματα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰ πνεύματα τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γεννώμενα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἡ κατοίκησις αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Ta pneumata tou ouranou en tō ouranō hē katoikēsis autōn, kai ta pneumata ta epi tēs gēs gennōmena epi tēs gēs hē katoikēsis autōn.", "english": "The spirits of heaven — their dwelling is in heaven; but the spirits born on the earth — their dwelling is on the earth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:10 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:11", "chapter": 15, "verse": 11, "original": "καὶ τὰ πνεύματα τῶν γιγάντων νεφέλας ἀδικοῦντα φθείροντα προσπίπτοντα μαχόμενα καὶ συντρίβοντα ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ λύπην ποιοῦντα· καὶ οὐκ ἐσθίοντα οὐθέν, ἀλλὰ ἀσιτοῦντα, καὶ διψῶντα, καὶ προσκόπτοντα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "kai ta pneumata tōn gigantōn nephelas adikounta phtheironta prospiptonta machomena kai syntribonta epi tēs gēs, kai lypēn poiounta; kai ouk esthionta outhen, alla asitounta, kai dipsōnta, kai proskoptonta.", "english": "And the spirits of the giants — wronging the clouds, corrupting, attacking, fighting, and crushing upon the earth, and causing grief — eat nothing, but they hunger and thirst, and they cause offense.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The catalog of demonic-activities: 'afflict, oppress, destroy, attack, do battle, work destruction on the earth, and cause trouble; they take no food, but nevertheless hunger and thirst, and cause offences' — the foundational Second-Temple-and-Patristic catalog of demonic-activities, supplying the framework for later Christian-monastic, Hekhalot-magical, and rabbinic demonologies.", "glossary_refs": ["giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:11 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-15:12", "chapter": 15, "verse": 12, "original": "Καὶ ἐξανίστανται ταῦτα τὰ πνεύματα ἐπὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς γυναῖκας, ὅτι ἐξεληλύθασιν ἀπ' αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai exanistantai tauta ta pneumata epi tous huious tōn anthrōpōn kai epi tas gynaikas, hoti exelēlythasin ap' autōn.", "english": "And these spirits shall rise up against the sons of men and against the women, because they have come forth from them.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 15:12 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-16:1", "chapter": 16, "verse": 1, "original": "Ἀπὸ ἡμέρας τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς σφαγῆς καὶ ἀπωλείας καὶ θανάτου τῶν γιγάντων, οἱ ὁπόθεν τὰ πνεύματα ἐξεληλύθασιν, οἱ καταισχύνοντες ἀπολῶνται· καὶ μέχρι ἡμέρας τελειώσεως τῆς κρίσεως τῆς μεγάλης, ἐν ᾗ ὁ αἰὼν ὁ μέγας τελεσθήσεται, ἅμα τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις καὶ ἀσεβέσιν, τελεσθήσεται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Apo hēmeras tou kairou tēs sphagēs kai apōleias kai thanatou tōn gigantōn, hoi hopothen ta pneumata exelēlythasin, hoi kataischynontes apolountai; kai mechri hēmeras teleiōseōs tēs kriseōs tēs megalēs, en hē ho aiōn ho megas telesthēsetai, hama tois Egrēgorois kai asebesin, telesthēsetai.", "english": "From the day of the time of the slaughter and destruction and death of the giants — from whom the spirits have come forth — those bringing shame shall perish; and until the day of the consummation of the great judgment, in which the great age shall be completed, it shall be completed together with the Watchers and the ungodly.", "reference_english": "From the days of the slaughter and destruction and death ⌈of the giants⌉, from the souls of whose flesh the spirits, having gone forth, shall destroy without incurring judgement—thus shall they destroy until the day of the consummation, the great ⌈judgement⌉ in which the age shall be consummated, over the Watchers and the godless, yea, shall be wholly consummated.\" 2. And now as to the watchers who have sent thee to intercede for them, who had been ⌈⌈aforetime in heaven⌉⌉, (say to them): 3. “You have been in heaven, but ⌈all⌉ the mysteries had not yet been revealed to you, and you knew worthless ones, and these in the hardness of your hearts you have made known to the women, and through these mysteries women and men work much evil on earth.\"", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vi 30-33 (Milik 1976 pp. 198-200) — Aramaic partial", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:1 (Black 1985 p. 50)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-16:2", "chapter": 16, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ νῦν τοῖς Ἐγρηγόροις, οἵτινες ἀπέστειλάν σε ἐρωτῆσαι περὶ αὐτῶν, οἵτινες τὸ πρῶτον ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἦσαν, εἰπέ·", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai nyn tois Egrēgorois, hoitines apesteilan se erōtēsai peri autōn, hoitines to prōton en tō ouranō ēsan, eipe;", "english": "And now, to the Watchers who sent you to petition on their behalf — who from the beginning were in heaven — say:", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:2 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-16:3", "chapter": 16, "verse": 3, "original": "Ὑμεῖς ἦτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, καὶ πᾶν μυστήριον ὃ οὐκ ἀνεκαλύφθη ὑμῖν, καὶ μυστήριον τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ γεγονὸς ἔγνωτε, καὶ τοῦτο ἐμηνύσατε ταῖς γυναιξὶν ἐν τῇ σκληροκαρδίᾳ ὑμῶν, καὶ ἐν τῷ μυστηρίῳ τούτῳ πληθύνουσιν αἱ θήλειαι καὶ οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὰ κακὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Hymeis ēte en tō ouranō, kai pan mystērion ho ouk anekalyphthē hymin, kai mystērion to ek tou theou gegonos egnōte, kai touto emēnysate tais gynaixin en tē sklērokardia hymōn, kai en tō mystēriō toutō plēthynousin hai thēleiai kai hoi anthrōpoi ta kaka epi tēs gēs.", "english": "You were in heaven, and though no mystery had been revealed to you, yet a worthless mystery you knew; and this you made known to the women in the hardness of your hearts; and through this mystery the women and men multiplied evils upon the earth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:3 (Black 1985 pp. 50-51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-16:4", "chapter": 16, "verse": 4, "original": "Λέγε αὐτοῖς· Οὐκ ἔσται ὑμῖν εἰρήνη.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Lege autois; Ouk estai hymin eirēnē.", "english": "Say to them: There shall be no peace for you.", "reference_english": "Say to them therefore: “You have no peace.”’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 16:4 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:1", "chapter": 17, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ παραλαβόντες με εἴς τινα τόπον ἤγαγον, ἐν ᾧ οἱ ὄντες ἐκεῖ γίνονται ὡς πῦρ φλεγόμενον, καὶ ὅταν θέλωσιν φαίνονται ὡς ἄνθρωποι.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai paralabontes me eis tina topon ēgagon, en hō hoi ontes ekei ginontai hōs pyr phlegomenon, kai hotan thelōsin phainontai hōs anthrōpoi.", "english": "And they took me and led me to a certain place, in which those who were there become as flaming fire, and when they wish, they appear as men.", "reference_english": "And they took ⌈and brought⌉ me to a place in which those who were there were like flaming fire, and, when they wished, they appeared as men. 2. And they brought me to the place of darkness, and to a mountain the point of whose summit reached to heaven. 3. And I saw the places of the luminaries ⌈and the treasuries of the stars⌉ and of the thunder ⌈and⌉ in the uttermost depths, where were a fiery bow and arrows and their quiver, ⌈⌈and a fiery sword⌉⌉ and all the lightnings. 4. And they took me to the living waters, and to the fire of the west, which receives every setting of the sun. 5. And I came to a river of fire in which the fire flows like water and discharges itself into the great sea towards the west. 6. I saw the great rivers and came to the great ⌈river and to the great⌉ darkness, and went to the place where no flesh walks. 7. I saw the mountains of the darkness of winter and the place whence all the waters of the deep flow. 8. I saw the mouths of all the rivers of the earth and the mouth of the deep.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:1 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:2", "chapter": 17, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἤγαγόν με εἰς τόπον σκοτεινόν, καὶ εἰς ὄρος, οὗ ἡ κεφαλὴ ἀφικνεῖτο εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēgagon me eis topon skoteinon, kai eis oros, hou hē kephalē aphikneito eis ton ouranon.", "english": "And they led me to a dark place, and to a mountain, the summit of which reached to heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:2 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:3", "chapter": 17, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τόπους τῶν φωστήρων καὶ τοὺς θησαυροὺς τῶν ἀστέρων καὶ τῶν βροντῶν, καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀκρότατα τοῦ ἀβύσσου, ὅπου τόξον πυρὸς καὶ τὰ βέλη αὐτῶν καὶ ἡ θήκη αὐτῶν, καὶ πᾶσαι αἱ ἀστραπαί.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon topous tōn phōstērōn kai tous thēsaurous tōn asterōn kai tōn brontōn, kai eis ta akrotata tou abyssou, hopou toxon pyros kai ta belē autōn kai hē thēkē autōn, kai pasai hai astrapai.", "english": "And I saw the places of the luminaries, and the storehouses of the stars and of the thunders, and into the uttermost depths of the abyss, where were a bow of fire and its arrows and their quiver, and all the lightnings.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:3 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:4", "chapter": 17, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ἤγαγόν με μέχρι τοῦ ζοφώδους ὕδατος καὶ μέχρι τοῦ πυρὸς τῆς δύσεως, τὸ προσδεχόμενον πάντας τοὺς φωστῆρας τοῦ ἡλίου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēgagon me mechri tou zophōdous hydatos kai mechri tou pyros tēs dyseōs, to prosdechomenon pantas tous phōstēras tou hēliou.", "english": "And they led me as far as the gloomy water, and as far as the fire of the west, which receives every setting of the sun.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:4 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:5", "chapter": 17, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ ἦλθον ἐπὶ ποταμὸν πυρός, οὗ τὸ πῦρ ῥεῖ ὡς ὕδωρ, καὶ ἐκχεῖται εἰς θάλασσαν μεγάλην πρὸς δυσμάς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēlthon epi potamon pyros, hou to pyr rhei hōs hydōr, kai ekcheitai eis thalassan megalēn pros dysmas.", "english": "And I came to a river of fire, whose fire flows like water, and pours itself into the great sea toward the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:5 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:6", "chapter": 17, "verse": 6, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ποταμοὺς τοὺς μεγάλους, καὶ ἕως τοῦ μεγάλου ποταμοῦ καὶ ἕως τοῦ μεγάλου σκότους ἤγγισα, καὶ ἀπῆλθον ὅπου πᾶσα σὰρξ οὐ περιπατεῖ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon tous potamous tous megalous, kai heōs tou megalou potamou kai heōs tou megalou skotous ēngisa, kai apēlthon hopou pasa sarx ou peripatei.", "english": "And I saw the great rivers, and I drew near as far as the great river and as far as the great darkness, and I went forth to where no flesh walks.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:6 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:7", "chapter": 17, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τὰ ὄρη τοῦ σκότους τοῦ χειμῶνος καὶ τὸν τόπον οὗ ἐκχεῖται πᾶν τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς ἀβύσσου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon ta orē tou skotous tou cheimōnos kai ton topon hou ekcheitai pan to hydōr tēs abyssou.", "english": "And I saw the mountains of the darkness of winter, and the place where all the water of the abyss pours itself out.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:7 (Black 1985 p. 49)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-17:8", "chapter": 17, "verse": 8, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τὸ στόμα πάντων τῶν ποταμῶν τῆς γῆς καὶ τὸ στόμα τῆς ἀβύσσου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon to stoma pantōn tōn potamōn tēs gēs kai to stoma tēs abyssou.", "english": "And I saw the mouth of all the rivers of the earth, and the mouth of the abyss.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 17:8 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:1", "chapter": 18, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς θησαυροὺς τῶν ἀνέμων πάντων· καὶ εἶδον ὅτι ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐκόσμησεν πᾶσαν τὴν κτίσιν καὶ τοὺς θεμελίους τῆς γῆς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon tous thēsaurous tōn anemōn pantōn; kai eidon hoti en autois ekosmēsen pasan tēn ktisin kai tous themelious tēs gēs.", "english": "And I saw the storehouses of all the winds; and I saw that by them he has ordered all creation and the foundations of the earth.", "reference_english": "I saw the treasuries of all the winds: I saw how He had furnished with them the whole creation and the firm foundations of the earth. 2. And I saw the corner-stone of the earth: I saw the four winds which bear [the earth and] the firmament of the heaven. 3. ⌈⌈And I saw how the winds stretch out the vaults of heaven⌉⌉, and have their station between heaven and earth: ⌈⌈these are the pillars of the heaven⌉⌉. 4. I saw the winds of heaven which turn and bring the circumference of the sun and all the stars to their setting. 5. I saw the winds on the earth carrying the clouds: I saw ⌈⌈the paths of the angels. I saw⌉⌉ at the end of the earth the firmament of the heaven above. 6. And I proceeded and saw a place which burns day and night, where there are seven mountains of magnificent stones, three towards the east, and three towards the south. 7. And as for those towards the east, 〈one〉 was of coloured stone, and one of pearl, and one of jacinth, and those towards the south of red stone. 8. But the middle one reached to heaven like the throne of God, of alabaster, and the summit of the throne was of sapphire. 9. And I saw a flaming fire. 10. And beyond these mountains Is a region the end of the great earth: there the heavens were completed. 11. And I saw a deep abyss, with columns ⌈⌈of heavenly fire, and among them I saw columns⌉⌉ of fire fall, which were beyond measure alike towards the height and towards the depth. 12. And beyond that abyss I saw a place which had no firmament of the heaven above, and no firmly founded earth beneath it: there was no water upon it, and no birds, but it was a waste and horrible place. 13. I saw there seven stars like great burning mountains, and to me, when I inquired regarding them, 14. The angel said: ‘This place is the end of heaven and earth: this has become a prison for the stars and the host of heaven. 15. And the stars which roll over the fire are they which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord in the beginning of their rising, because they did not come forth at their appointed times. 16. And He was wroth with them, and bound them till the time when their guilt should be consummated (even) ⌈for ten thousand years⌉.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:1 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:2", "chapter": 18, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τὸν λίθον τῆς γωνίας τῆς γῆς· καὶ εἶδον τοὺς τέσσαρας ἀνέμους τοὺς βαστάζοντας τὴν γῆν καὶ τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon ton lithon tēs gōnias tēs gēs; kai eidon tous tessaras anemous tous bastazontas tēn gēn kai to stereōma tou ouranou.", "english": "And I saw the cornerstone of the earth; and I saw the four winds which bear up the earth and the firmament of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:2 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:3", "chapter": 18, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον ὅτι οἱ ἄνεμοι ἐκτείνουσιν τὰ ὕψη τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, καὶ ἑστήκασιν ἀνὰ μέσον οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς· οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ στῦλοι τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon hoti hoi anemoi ekteinousin ta hypsē tou ouranou, kai hestēkasin ana meson ouranou kai gēs; houtoi eisin hoi styloi tou ouranou.", "english": "And I saw that the winds stretch out the heights of heaven, and stand between heaven and earth: these are the pillars of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:3 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:4", "chapter": 18, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ἀνέμους τοῦ οὐρανοῦ στρέφοντας καὶ ἐπιφέροντας τὸν τροχὸν τοῦ ἡλίου, καὶ πάντας τοὺς ἀστέρας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon tous anemous tou ouranou strephontas kai epipherontas ton trochon tou hēliou, kai pantas tous asteras.", "english": "And I saw the winds of heaven turning and bringing along the orb of the sun, and all the stars.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:4 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:5", "chapter": 18, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον τοὺς ἀνέμους ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς βαστάζοντας τὰς νεφέλας. Καὶ εἶδον τὰς ὁδοὺς τῶν ἀγγέλων· εἶδον ἐπὶ τοῦ πέρατος τῆς γῆς τὸ στερέωμα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἐπάνω.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon tous anemous epi tēs gēs bastazontas tas nephelas. Kai eidon tas hodous tōn angelōn; eidon epi tou peratos tēs gēs to stereōma tou ouranou epanō.", "english": "And I saw the winds upon the earth bearing the clouds. And I saw the paths of the angels; I saw at the end of the earth the firmament of heaven above.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:5 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:6", "chapter": 18, "verse": 6, "original": "Καὶ διώδευσα καὶ εἶδον τόπον καιόμενον νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας, ὅπου ἑπτὰ ὄρη ἐκ λίθων πολυτελῶν, τρία πρὸς ἀνατολὰς καὶ τρία πρὸς νότον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai diōdeusa kai eidon topon kaiomenon nyktos kai hēmeras, hopou hepta orē ek lithōn polytelōn, tria pros anatolas kai tria pros noton.", "english": "And I passed on and saw a place which burns night and day, where there are seven mountains of precious stones, three toward the east and three toward the south.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The seven mountains of God** — the first of the two 1 Enoch cosmographic seven-mountain passages (the second is 1 En 24-25). The cosmography extends the existing 5-tradition cosmic-mountain cluster (Sinai/Horeb + Ṣapunu + Nimush/Ararat/Jūdī + mountain-as-revelation-site + Eden-mountain) to a **6-tradition cluster** by adding 1 Enoch 18 + 24-25. See central entry `seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus`. Bidirectional with v2.57.0 `mount-sapunu-tsafon-cosmic-mountain-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bible`, v2.61.0 `har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus`, v2.65.0 `mt-nimush-nisir-ararat-judi-flood-mountain-landing-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus", "mount-sapunu-tsafon-cosmic-mountain-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bible", "har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus", "mt-nimush-nisir-ararat-judi-flood-mountain-landing-cross-corpus", "mountain-as-revelation-site-mt-cross-corpus-har-sinai-mount-sapunu"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:6 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "4Q204 1 viii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 200-203) — Aramaic of seven-mountains list partly preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:7", "chapter": 18, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ τῶν πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἓν ἐκ λίθου χρωματιστοῦ, καὶ ἓν ἐκ μαργαρίτου, καὶ ἓν ἐξ ἰάσπεως· καὶ τὰ τοῦ νότου ἐκ λίθου ἐρυθροῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai tōn pros anatolas hen ek lithou chrōmatistou, kai hen ek margaritou, kai hen ex iaspeōs; kai ta tou notou ek lithou erythrou.", "english": "And of those toward the east, one was of colored stone, and one of pearl, and one of jasper; and those toward the south were of red stone.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:7 (Black 1985 p. 50)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:8", "chapter": 18, "verse": 8, "original": "Τὸ δὲ μέσον αὐτῶν προσήγγιζεν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὡσεὶ θρόνος θεοῦ ἐκ λίθου ἀλάβαστρου, καὶ τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ θρόνου ἐκ σαπφείρου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "To de meson autōn prosēngizen tō ouranō, hōsei thronos theou ek lithou alabastrou, kai to akron tou thronou ek sappheirou.", "english": "And the middle one among them reached to heaven, like the throne of God, of alabaster stone, and the summit of the throne was of sapphire.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:8 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:9", "chapter": 18, "verse": 9, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον πῦρ φλεγόμενον. Καὶ τὰ πέρα τῶν ὀρέων ἐκείνων εἶδον τόπον, πέρας τῆς μεγάλης γῆς· ἐκεῖ συντελοῦνται οἱ οὐρανοί.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon pyr phlegomenon. Kai ta pera tōn oreōn ekeinōn eidon topon, peras tēs megalēs gēs; ekei syntelountai hoi ouranoi.", "english": "And I saw a flaming fire. And beyond those mountains I saw a place — the end of the great earth: there the heavens come to completion.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:9 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:10", "chapter": 18, "verse": 10, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον χάσμα μέγα ἐν στύλοις πυρὸς οὐρανίου, καὶ εἶδον ἐν αὐτῷ καταβαίνοντας στύλους τοῦ πυρὸς οὐρανίου, οὔτε εἰς μέτρον οὔτε εἰς ὕψος οὔτε εἰς βάθος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon chasma mega en stylois pyros ouraniou, kai eidon en autō katabainontas stylous tou pyros ouraniou, oute eis metron oute eis hypsos oute eis bathos.", "english": "And I saw a great chasm with pillars of celestial fire, and I saw within it pillars of celestial fire descending — without measure, without height, without depth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:10 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:11", "chapter": 18, "verse": 11, "original": "Καὶ ἐπέκεινα τοῦ χάσματος τούτου εἶδον τόπον οὐχ ἔχοντα στερέωμα οὐρανοῦ ἐπάνω, οὔτε γῆν τεθεμελιωμένην ὑποκάτω αὐτοῦ· καὶ ὕδωρ οὐκ ἦν ἐπ' αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐδὲ πετεινά, ἀλλὰ τόπος ἦν ἔρημος καὶ φοβερός.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai epekeina tou chasmatos toutou eidon topon ouch echonta stereōma ouranou epanō, oute gēn tethemeliōmenēn hypokatō autou; kai hydōr ouk ēn ep' autou, kai oude peteina, alla topos ēn erēmos kai phoberos.", "english": "And beyond this chasm I saw a place which had no firmament of heaven above it, nor any earth firmly founded beneath it; and there was no water upon it, and no birds — but it was a desolate and terrible place.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:11 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:12", "chapter": 18, "verse": 12, "original": "Καὶ τόπον εἶδον ἐκεῖ φοβερόν, οὔτε οὐρανὸν ἄνω οὔτε γῆν τεθεμελιωμένην, ἀλλὰ τόπος ἔρημος καὶ φοβερὸς ἦν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai topon eidon ekei phoberon, oute ouranon anō oute gēn tethemeliōmenēn, alla topos erēmos kai phoberos ēn.", "english": "And I saw there a terrible place, with no heaven above and no earth firmly founded — only a desolate and terrible place.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:12 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:13", "chapter": 18, "verse": 13, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας ὡς ὄρη μεγάλα καιόμενα, καὶ ὡς πνεύματα μοι ὁ ἐπερωτῶντος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon hepta asteras hōs orē megala kaiomena, kai hōs pneumata moi ho eperōtōntos.", "english": "And I saw seven stars like great burning mountains, and like spirits, when I asked about them.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Seven stars like great burning mountains** — the prison for the stars and the host of heaven. The cosmography integrates astronomical-rebellion (stars that failed their orbital-obedience) with angelic-rebellion (the Watchers and the cosmic-host). The integration reflects the broader 1 Enoch interest in astronomical-and-calendrical regularity as cosmic-moral-obligation. See central entry `fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus`. Bidirectional with Jude 6 + 2 Pet 2:4 NT-allusions.", "glossary_refs": ["fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus", "seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:13 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "4Q205 1 xi partial (Milik 1976 pp. 220-222) — Aramaic of fallen-stars description partly preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:14", "chapter": 18, "verse": 14, "original": "Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ ἄγγελος· Οὗτος ὁ τόπος τέλος οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς· δεσμωτήριον τοῦτο ἐγένετο τοῖς ἀστράσιν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καὶ τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipen ho angelos; Houtos ho topos telos ouranou kai gēs; desmōtērion touto egeneto tois astrasin tou ouranou kai tē stratia tou ouranou.", "english": "And the angel said: This place is the end of heaven and earth; this has become a prison for the stars of heaven and for the host of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:14 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:15", "chapter": 18, "verse": 15, "original": "Καὶ οἱ ἀστέρες οἱ κυλιόμενοι ἐν τῷ πυρὶ οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ παραβάντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ θεοῦ πρὸ τοῦ ἀνατεῖλαι αὐτούς, ὅτι οὐκ ἦλθον ἐν τῷ καιρῷ αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hoi asteres hoi kyliomenoi en tō pyri houtoi eisin hoi parabantes tēn entolēn tou theou pro tou anateilai autous, hoti ouk ēlthon en tō kairō autōn.", "english": "And the stars which roll over in the fire are those which transgressed the commandment of God before their rising, because they did not come at their appointed time.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:15 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-18:16", "chapter": 18, "verse": 16, "original": "Καὶ ὠργίσθη αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἔδησεν αὐτοὺς μέχρι καιροῦ τελειώσεως τῆς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν, ἕως μυρίων ἐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ōrgisthē autois, kai edēsen autous mechri kairou teleiōseōs tēs hamartias autōn, heōs myriōn etōn.", "english": "And he was wrathful with them, and bound them until the time of the completion of their sin, until ten thousand years.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 18:16 (Black 1985 p. 51)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-19:1", "chapter": 19, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ εἶπέν μοι Οὐριήλ· Ἐνταῦθα στήσονται οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ συμμίξαντες ταῖς γυναιξίν, καὶ τὰ πνεύματα αὐτῶν πολυμόρφοι γενόμενοι λυμαίνονται τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ πλανήσουσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ θύειν τοῖς δαιμονίοις ὡς θεοῖς, ἕως ἡμέρας τῆς μεγάλης κρίσεως, ἐν ᾗ κριθήσονται εἰς ἀποτελείωσιν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipen moi Ouriēl; Entautha stēsontai hoi angeloi hoi symmixantes tais gynaixin, kai ta pneumata autōn polymorphoi genomenoi lymainontai tous anthrōpous kai planēsousin autous eis to thyein tois daimoniois hōs theois, heōs hēmeras tēs megalēs kriseōs, en hē krithēsontai eis apoteleiōsin.", "english": "And Uriel said to me: Here shall stand the angels who united with women, and their spirits — having taken many forms — defile humankind and lead them astray into sacrificing to demons as to gods, until the day of the great judgment, on which they shall be judged unto consummation.", "reference_english": "And Uriel said to me: ‘Here shall stand the angels who have connected themselves with women, and their spirits assuming many different forms are defiling mankind and shall lead them astray into sacrificing to demons ⌈⌈as gods⌉⌉, (here shall they stand,) till ⌈⌈the day of⌉⌉ the great judgement in which they shall be judged till they are made an end of. 2. And the women also of the angels who went astray shall become sirens.’ 3. And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things: and no man shall see as I have seen.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "Uriel's revelation to Enoch: the bound-spirits-of-the-Watchers, the corruption-of-women-by-the-Watchers, the demonological framework. The chapter integrates the Watchers narrative with the demonological etiology of ch 15 — see central entries `watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus` and `giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian`.", "glossary_refs": ["watchers-1-enoch-6-11-bnei-elohim-cross-corpus", "giants-become-evil-spirits-demonology-1-enoch-15-cross-corpus-jub-10-tertullian"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 19:1 (Black 1985 p. 52)", "witness_secondary": "4Q205 1 xi partial (Milik 1976 pp. 220-223) — Aramaic of Uriel-speech partly preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-19:2", "chapter": 19, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες τῶν παραβάντων ἀγγέλων εἰς σειρῆνας γενήσονται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hai gynaikes tōn parabantōn angelōn eis seirēnas genēsontai.", "english": "And the women of the transgressing angels shall become sirens.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 19:2 (Black 1985 p. 52) — KEY Greek lexeme σειρῆνες", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-19:3", "chapter": 19, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἐγὼ Ἑνὼχ μόνος εἶδον τὴν θεωρίαν, τὰ πέρατα πάντων, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδῃ ἄνθρωπος ὡς ἐγὼ εἶδον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai egō Henōch monos eidon tēn theōrian, ta perata pantōn, kai ou mē idē anthrōpos hōs egō eidon.", "english": "And I, Enoch, alone saw the vision, the ends of all things; and no man shall see as I have seen.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 19:3 (Black 1985 p. 52)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:1", "chapter": 20, "verse": 1, "original": "ואלן שמהת מלאכיא קדישיא די עירין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wĕ-ʾillēn šĕmāhāt malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿīrīn", "english": "And these are the names of the holy angels who watch.", "reference_english": "And these are the names of the holy angels who watch. 2. Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartarus. 3. Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of men. 4. Raguel, one of the holy angels who †takes vengeance on† the world of the luminaries. 5. Michael, one of the holy angels, to wit, he that is set over the best part of mankind ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ over chaos. 6. Saraqâêl, one of the holy angels, who is set over the spirits, who sin in the spirit. 7. Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over Paradise and the serpents and the Cherubim. 8. Remiel, one of the holy angels, whom God set over those who rise.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The Greek 7-archangel list (Uriel, Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Sariel/Saraqael, Gabriel, Remeiel)** is the developed-canonical form preserved in the Greek Akhmim + Ge'ez witnesses. Each archangel has a distinct cosmic-administrative portfolio; the list is the textual fountainhead of the developed Jewish angelological tradition. Cross-corpus to Tobit 12:15 (Raphael, 'one of the seven holy angels'); Rev 8:2 (the seven angels who stand before God). The Aramaic 4-archangel list at 1 En 9:1 is the older textual-witness configuration — both are preserved per the layered-witness convention. See central entry `seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus` and overlay `aramaic-4-vs-greek-7-archangels-textual-variant-convention`.", "glossary_refs": ["seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus", "aramaic-4-vs-greek-7-archangels-textual-variant-convention"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vii 14 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-233) — Aramaic incipit of archangel-list preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:1 (Black 1985 p. 52)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:2", "chapter": 20, "verse": 2, "original": "אוריאל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על תבל ועל תהומא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "ʾŪrīʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal tēbēl wĕ-ʿal tĕhōmāʾ", "english": "Uriel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world and over Tartarus.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vii 15 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Uriel preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:2 (Black 1985 p. 52)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:3", "chapter": 20, "verse": 3, "original": "רפאל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על רוחי בני אנשא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "Rĕfāʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal rūḥē bĕnē ʾănāšāʾ", "english": "Raphael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits of human beings.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vii 16 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Raphael preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:3 (Black 1985 p. 52)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:4", "chapter": 20, "verse": 4, "original": "רעואל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על נהוריא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "Rĕʿūʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal nĕhōrayyāʾ", "english": "Raguel, one of the holy angels, who is over the world of the luminaries.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vii 17 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Raguel preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:4 (Black 1985 p. 52)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:5", "chapter": 20, "verse": 5, "original": "מיכאל חד מן מלאכיא קדישיא די על טבת עמא ועל פהיא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "Mīkāʾēl ḥad min malʾăkayyāʾ qaddīšayyāʾ dī ʿal ṭābāt ʿammāʾ wĕ-ʿal pahyāʾ", "english": "Michael, one of the holy angels, set over the best part of the people and over chaos.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vii 18 (Milik 1976 pp. 232-234) — Aramaic of Michael preserved; the 4-archangel-list ends here in the Aramaic", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:5 (Black 1985 p. 52)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:6", "chapter": 20, "verse": 6, "original": "Σαρακαήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν πνευμάτων τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Sarakaēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn, ho epi tōn pneumatōn tōn hamartōlōn.", "english": "Saraqael, one of the holy angels, who is over the spirits that lead human beings to sin.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:6 (Black 1985 p. 52) — Greek Sarakaēl", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — Saraqaēl"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:7", "chapter": 20, "verse": 7, "original": "Γαβριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ παραδείσου καὶ τῶν δρακόντων καὶ Χερουβίν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Gabriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn, ho epi tou paradeisou kai tōn drakontōn kai Cheroubin.", "english": "Gabriel, one of the holy angels, who is over paradise and the serpents and the cherubim.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:7 (Black 1985 p. 52)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-20:8", "chapter": 20, "verse": 8, "original": "Ῥεμιήλ, ὃν ἔταξεν ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνισταμένων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Remiēl, hon etaxen ho theos epi tōn anistamenōn.", "english": "Remiel, whom God set over those who rise.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 20:8 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:1", "chapter": 21, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐκύκλωσα ἕως τόπου ὅπου οὐδὲν ἐποίηται.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekyklōsa heōs topou hopou ouden epoiētai.", "english": "And I went round about as far as a place where nothing is made.", "reference_english": "And I proceeded to where things were chaotic. 2. And I saw there something horrible: I saw neither a heaven above nor a firmly founded earth, but a place chaotic and horrible. 3. And there I saw seven stars of the heaven bound together in it, like great mountains and burning with fire. 4. Then I said: ‘For what sin are they bound, and on what account have they been cast in hither?’ 5. Then said Uriel, one of the holy angels, who was with me, and was chief over them, and said: ‘Enoch, why dost thou ask, and why art thou eager for the truth? 6. These are of the number of the stars ⌈of heaven⌉, which have transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and are bound here till ten thousand years, the time entailed by their sins, are consummated.’ 7. And from thence I went to another place, which was still more horrible than the former, and I saw a horrible thing: a great fire there which burnt and blazed, and the place was cleft as far as the abyss, being full of great descending columns of fire: neither its extent or magnitude could I see, nor could I conjecture. 8. Then I said: ‘How fearful is the place and how terrible to look upon!’ 9. Then Uriel answered me, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said unto me: ‘Enoch, why hast thou such fear and affright?’ And I answered: ‘Because of this fearful place, and because of the spectacle of the pain.’ 10. And he said ⌈⌈unto me⌉⌉: ‘This place is the prison of the angels, and here they will be imprisoned for ever.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "Enoch's tour reaches the cosmographic-confinement-site of the stars who transgressed the commandment of the Lord. The fallen-stars framework integrates astronomical-regularity with cosmic-moral-obligation — the stars who 'failed to come forth in their appointed times' are bound as cosmic-rebels. The framework develops at length in the Astronomical Book (1 En 72-82, Ship B). See central entry `fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["fallen-stars-prison-1-enoch-18-21-jude-6-2-pet-2-4-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:1 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:2", "chapter": 21, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον ἐκεῖ φοβερὸν ἔργον· οὐκ οὐρανὸν ὕψος οὔτε γῆν τεθεμελιωμένην, ἀλλὰ τόπον ἀκατασκεύαστον καὶ φοβερόν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon ekei phoberon ergon; ouk ouranon hypsos oute gēn tethemeliōmenēn, alla topon akataskeuaston kai phoberon.", "english": "And I saw there a terrible thing: no height of heaven, no earth firmly founded, but an unformed and terrible place.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:2 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:3", "chapter": 21, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ἀστέρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ δεδεμένους ἐν αὐτῷ ὁμοίους ὄρεσι μεγάλοις, καὶ ἐν πυρὶ καιομένους.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekei eidon hepta asteras tou ouranou dedemenous en autō homoious oresi megalois, kai en pyri kaiomenous.", "english": "And there I saw seven stars of heaven bound in it, like great mountains, and burning in fire.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:3 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "4Q204 1 vii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 224-227)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:4", "chapter": 21, "verse": 4, "original": "Τότε εἶπον· Διὰ ποίαν αἰτίαν δέδενται καὶ διὰ τί ὧδε ἐρρίφησαν;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eipon; Dia poian aitian dedentai kai dia ti hōde errhiphēsan?", "english": "Then I said: For what cause are they bound, and why have they been cast here?", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:4 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:5", "chapter": 21, "verse": 5, "original": "Τότε εἶπέν μοι Οὐριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν καὶ αὐτὸς ἡγεῖτο αὐτῶν, καὶ εἶπεν· Ἑνώχ, διὰ τί ἐρωτᾷς καὶ διὰ τί ἀνερευνᾷς καὶ φιλομαθεῖς;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eipen moi Ouriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn, hos met' emou ēn kai autos hēgeito autōn, kai eipen; Henōch, dia ti erōtas kai dia ti anereunas kai philomatheis?", "english": "Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me and who was leading them, said to me: Enoch, why do you ask, and why do you search out, and why are you eager for knowledge?", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:5 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:6", "chapter": 21, "verse": 6, "original": "Οὗτοί εἰσιν τῶν ἀστέρων τοῦ οὐρανοῦ οἱ παραβάντες τὴν ἐντολὴν τοῦ κυρίου καὶ ἐδέθησαν ὧδε μέχρι τοῦ τελειῶσαι μυρίων χιλιάδων ἐτῶν τοῦ χρόνου τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Houtoi eisin tōn asterōn tou ouranou hoi parabantes tēn entolēn tou kyriou kai edethēsan hōde mechri tou teleiōsai myriōn chiliadōn etōn tou chronou tōn hamartēmatōn autōn.", "english": "These are of the stars of heaven, those who transgressed the commandment of the Lord, and they were bound here until the completion of ten thousand thousands of years, the time of their transgressions.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:6 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:7", "chapter": 21, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον, φοβερώτερον τοῦ ἐκείνου· εἶδον δὲ φοβερὸν θέαμα, πῦρ μέγα ἐκεῖ καιόμενον καὶ φλεγόμενον, καὶ διαιρέσεις εἶχεν ὁ τόπος καὶ τέλος εἶχεν ἕως τῆς ἀβύσσου, μεστὸς στύλων πυρὸς μεγάλων καταφερομένων· οὔτε μέτρον αὐτοῦ οὔτε μέγεθος ἠδυνάμην ἰδεῖν, οὔτε εἰκάσαι.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon, phoberōteron tou ekeinou; eidon de phoberon theama, pyr mega ekei kaiomenon kai phlegomenon, kai diaireseis eichen ho topos kai telos eichen heōs tēs abyssou, mestos stylōn pyros megalōn katapheromenōn; oute metron autou oute megethos ēdynamēn idein, oute eikasai.", "english": "And from there I went to another place, more terrible than the former; and I saw a terrible sight — a great fire there burning and blazing — and the place had divisions and reached to the abyss, full of great pillars of fire descending. Its measure and its size I could not see, nor could I conjecture.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:7 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:8", "chapter": 21, "verse": 8, "original": "Τότε εἶπον· Ὡς φοβερὸς ὁ τόπος καὶ ὡς δεινὸς εἰς θεωρίαν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eipon; Hōs phoberos ho topos kai hōs deinos eis theōrian.", "english": "Then I said: How terrible is this place, and how dreadful to behold!", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:8 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:9", "chapter": 21, "verse": 9, "original": "Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Οὐριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν, καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Ἑνώχ, διὰ τί φόβον τοιοῦτον ἔχεις καὶ τρόμον; Καὶ ἀπεκρίθην· Διὰ τὸν τόπον τὸν φοβερὸν τοῦτον καὶ διὰ τὴν θεωρίαν τοῦ ἀλγηδόνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote apekrithē moi Ouriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn hos met' emou ēn, kai eipen moi; Henōch, dia ti phobon toiouton echeis kai tromon? Kai apekrithēn; Dia ton topon ton phoberon touton kai dia tēn theōrian tou algēdonos.", "english": "Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said: Enoch, why do you have such fear and trembling? And I answered: Because of this terrible place, and because of the sight of pain.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:9 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-21:10", "chapter": 21, "verse": 10, "original": "Καὶ εἶπεν· Οὗτος ὁ τόπος δεσμωτήριον τῶν ἀγγέλων ἐστὶν, καὶ ὧδε συσχεθήσονται ἕως αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipen; Houtos ho topos desmōtērion tōn angelōn estin, kai hōde syschethēsontai heōs aiōnos.", "english": "And he said: This place is the prison of the angels, and here they shall be kept forever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 21:10 (Black 1985 p. 53)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:1", "chapter": 22, "verse": 1, "original": "ומן תמן הלכת לאתר אחרן ואחזיני למערבא טור רב ורם וכף קשי וארבעת אתרין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "ū-min tammān hălaktī lě-ʾătar ʾoḥrān wĕ-ʾaḥzěyānī lě-maʿarbāʾ ṭūr rab wĕ-rām wĕ-kēf qašī wĕ-ʾarbaʿat ʾatrīn", "english": "And from there I journeyed to another place, and he showed me toward the west a great and lofty mountain, and a hard rock, and four places.", "reference_english": "And thence I went to another place, and he showed me in the west ⌈another⌉ great and high mountain [and] of hard rock. {| class=\"wikitable\" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 2. And there was in it †four† hollow places, deep and wide and very smooth. †How† smooth are the hollow places and deep and dark to look at.|| 2. And there were †four† hollow places in it, deep and very smooth: †three† of them were dark and one bright and there was a fountain of water in its midst. And I said: ‘†How† smooth are these hollow places, and deep and dark to view.’ |}", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**Enoch's tour reaches the great mountain in the West with four hollow places** — the foundational Second-Temple-Jewish text on the intermediate-state of the dead. The chapter establishes the moral-typology of the dead (righteous / sinners-not-yet-judged / unjustly-killed / wicked-already-punished) and the intermediate-state between death and final judgement. See central entry `four-hollow-places-of-the-dead-1-enoch-22-intermediate-state-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to Luke 16:22-26 (Lazarus-and-the-rich-man parable's intermediate-state cosmography), Rev 6:9-10 (souls of the martyrs under the altar), 4 Ezra 7:75-101, 2 Bar 21:23-24.", "glossary_refs": ["four-hollow-places-of-the-dead-1-enoch-22-intermediate-state-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q204 1 vii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 228-230) — Aramaic mountain-of-the-West and 'four places' preserved", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:1 (Black 1985 p. 54)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:2", "chapter": 22, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἦσαν τρεῖς αὐτῶν σκοτεινοί, καὶ εἷς φωτεινός, καὶ πηγὴ ὕδατος ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēsan treis autōn skoteinoi, kai heis phōteinos, kai pēgē hydatos ana meson autou.", "english": "And three of them were dark, and one was bright, with a spring of water in its midst.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:2 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:3", "chapter": 22, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ εἶπέν μοι Ῥαφαὴλ ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν, καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Οὗτοι οἱ τόποι οἱ κοῖλοι, ἵνα ἐπισυνάγωνται εἰς αὐτοὺς τὰ πνεύματα τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν νεκρῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipen moi Raphaēl ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn hos met' emou ēn, kai eipen moi; Houtoi hoi topoi hoi koiloi, hina episynagōntai eis autous ta pneumata tōn psychōn tōn nekrōn.", "english": "And Raphael, one of the holy angels who was with me, said to me: These are the hollow places, that the spirits of the souls of the dead may be gathered into them.", "reference_english": "Then Raphael answered, one of the holy angels who was with me, and said unto me: ‘These hollow places have been created for this very purpose, that the spirits of the souls of the dead should assemble therein, yea that all the souls of the children of men should assemble here. 4. And these places have been made to receive them till the day of their judgement and till their appointed period [till the period appointed], till the great judgement (comes) upon them.’ {| class=\"wikitable\" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 5. I saw the spirits of the children of men who were dead, and their voice went forth to heaven and made suit. 6. Then I asked Raphael the angel who was with me, and I said unto him: ‘This spirit—whose is it, whose voice goeth forth and maketh suit?’|| 5. I saw 〈the spirit of〉 a dead man making suit, and his voice went forth to heaven and made suit. 6. And I asked Raphael the angel who was with me, and I said unto him: ‘This spirit which maketh suit, whose is it, whose voice goeth forth and maketh suit to heaven?’ |}", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:3 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:4", "chapter": 22, "verse": 4, "original": "Εἰς τοῦτο ἐκτίσθησαν, ἵνα ἐνταῦθα ἐπισυνάγωνται πᾶσαι αἱ ψυχαὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Eis touto ektisthēsan, hina entautha episynagōntai pasai hai psychai tōn anthrōpōn.", "english": "For this purpose they were created, that here all the souls of human beings may be gathered together.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:4 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:5", "chapter": 22, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ ἐθεώρουν τὰ πνεύματα τῶν υἱῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τῶν τεθνηκότων, καὶ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτῶν εἰς οὐρανὸν ἐνέτυχεν καὶ ἐνεκαλεῖτο.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai etheōroun ta pneumata tōn huiōn tōn anthrōpōn tōn tethnēkotōn, kai hē phōnē autōn eis ouranon enetychen kai enekaleito.", "english": "And I beheld the spirits of the sons of men who had died, and their voice reached to heaven, and made accusation.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Abel's spirit cries out against Cain** from the first hollow place (the spirits of the righteous). The 1 Enoch narrative-detail is distinctive; it makes the Abel-narrative of Gen 4 the foundational instance of the unjustly-killed-spirit-crying-out-for-vindication framework that Rev 6:9-10 inherits ('How long, O Lord, holy and true, before you will judge and avenge our blood?').", "glossary_refs": ["four-hollow-places-of-the-dead-1-enoch-22-intermediate-state-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:5 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:6", "chapter": 22, "verse": 6, "original": "Τότε ἠρώτησα Ῥαφαὴλ τὸν ἄγγελον τὸν μετ' ἐμοῦ καὶ εἶπον· Τίνος τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦτο τὸ ἐγκαλούμενον, οὗ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ ἐξέρχεται καὶ ἐγκαλεῖ εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote ērōtēsa Raphaēl ton angelon ton met' emou kai eipon; Tinos to pneuma touto to enkaloumenon, hou hē phōnē autou exerchetai kai enkalei eis ton ouranon?", "english": "Then I asked Raphael, the angel who was with me, and said: Whose spirit is this which is making accusation, whose voice goes forth and makes accusation up to heaven?", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:6 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:7", "chapter": 22, "verse": 7, "original": "Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη μοι λέγων· Τοῦτο τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστὶν τὸ ἐξελθὸν ἀπὸ Ἄβελ, ὃν ἐφόνευσεν Κάϊν ὁ ἀδελφός, καὶ ἐγκαλεῖ αὐτὸν μέχρι τοῦ ἀπολέσθαι τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ προσώπου τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἀφανισθῇ τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apekrithē moi legōn; Touto to pneuma estin to exelthon apo Abel, hon ephoneusen Kain ho adelphos, kai enkalei auton mechri tou apolesthai to sperma autou apo prosōpou tēs gēs, kai ek tou spermatos tōn anthrōpōn aphanisthē to sperma autou.", "english": "And he answered me, saying: This is the spirit which went forth from Abel, whom Cain his brother slew; and it makes accusation against him until his seed is destroyed from the face of the earth, and his seed is blotted out from among the seed of men.", "reference_english": "And he answered me saying: ‘This is the spirit which went forth from Abel, whom his brother Cain slew, and he makes his suit against him till his seed is destroyed from the face of the earth, and his seed is annihilated from amongst the seed of men.’ {| class=\"wikitable\" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 8. Then I asked regarding it, and regarding all the hollow places: ’Why is one separated from the other?’ || 8. Then I asked regarding all the hollow places: ‘Why is one separated from the other?’ |} {| class=\"wikitable\" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 9. And he answered me and said unto me: ‘These three have been made that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And such a division has been made 〈for〉 the spirits of the righteous, in which there is the bright spring of water. 10. And such has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgement has not been executed on them in their lifetime. 11. Here their spirits shall be set apart in this great pain till the great day of judgement and punishment and torment of those who curse for ever and retribution for their spirits. There He shall bind them for ever. 12. And such a division has been made for the spirits of those who make their suit, who make disclosures concerning their destruction, when they were slain in the days of the sinners. 13. Such has been made for the spirits of men who were not righteous but sinners, who were complete in transgression, and of the transgressors they shall be companions: but their spirits shall not be slain in the day of judgement nor shall they be raised from thence. 14. Then I blessed the Lord of glory and said: ‘Blessed be my Lord, the Lord of righteousness, who ruleth for ever.’ || 9. And he answered me saying: ‘These three have been made that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And this division has been made for the spirits of the righteous, in which there is the bright spring of water. 10. And this has been made for sinners when they die and are buried in the earth and judgement has not been executed upon them in their lifetime. 11. Here their spirits shall be set apart in this great pain, till the great day of judgement, scourgings, and torments of the accursed for ever, so that (there may be) retribution for their spirits. There He shall bind them for ever. 12. And this division has been made for the spirits of those who make their suit, who make disclosures concerning their destruction, when they were slain in the days of the sinners. 13. And this has been made for the spirits of men who shall not be righteous but sinners, who are godless, and of the lawless they shall be companions: but their spirits shall not be punished in the day of judgement nor shall they be raised from thence. 14. Then I blessed the Lord of glory and said: ’Blessed art Thou, Lord of righteousness, who ruleth over the world.’ |}", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:7 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:8", "chapter": 22, "verse": 8, "original": "Τότε ἠρώτησα περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ τῆς κρίσεως πάντων καὶ εἶπον· Διὰ τί ἕτερος ἀφ' ἑτέρου διακεχώρισται;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote ērōtēsa peri autou kai peri tēs kriseōs pantōn kai eipon; Dia ti heteros aph' heterou diakechōristai?", "english": "Then I asked concerning him and concerning the judgment of all, and said: Why is one separated from another?", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:8 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:9", "chapter": 22, "verse": 9, "original": "Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη μοι λέγων· Οὗτοι οἱ τρεῖς ἐποιήθησαν, ἵνα διαχωρίζωνται τὰ πνεύματα τῶν νεκρῶν· καὶ οὕτως διεκρίθησαν τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δικαίων, οὗ ἡ πηγὴ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν αὐτῷ φωτεινή.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apekrithē moi legōn; Houtoi hoi treis epoiēthēsan, hina diachōrizōntai ta pneumata tōn nekrōn; kai houtōs diekrithēsan ta pneumata tōn dikaiōn, hou hē pēgē tou hydatos en autō phōteinē.", "english": "And he answered me, saying: These three have been made, that the spirits of the dead might be separated. And thus the spirits of the righteous have been set apart — that one in which is the bright spring of water.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:9 (Black 1985 p. 54)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:10", "chapter": 22, "verse": 10, "original": "Καὶ οὕτως ἐκτίσθη τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς, ὅταν ἀποθάνωσιν καὶ ταφῶσιν εἰς τὴν γῆν καὶ κρίσις οὐκ ἐγένετο ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐν τῇ ζωῇ αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai houtōs ektisthē tois hamartōlois, hotan apothanōsin kai taphōsin eis tēn gēn kai krisis ouk egeneto ep' autois en tē zōē autōn.", "english": "And this has been made for sinners, when they die and are buried in the earth, and judgment has not been executed upon them in their lifetime.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:10 (Black 1985 p. 55)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:11", "chapter": 22, "verse": 11, "original": "Ὧδε χωρίζεται τὰ πνεύματα αὐτῶν εἰς τὴν μεγάλην βάσανον ταύτην, ἕως ἡμέρας μεγάλης τῆς κρίσεως καὶ τῶν μαστιγώσεων καὶ βασάνων τῶν κατηραμένων μέχρι αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Hōde chōrizetai ta pneumata autōn eis tēn megalēn basanon tautēn, heōs hēmeras megalēs tēs kriseōs kai tōn mastigōseōn kai basanōn tōn katēramenōn mechri aiōnos.", "english": "Here their spirits shall be set apart into this great torment, until the great day of judgment, and of the scourgings and torments of the accursed forever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:11 (Black 1985 p. 55)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:12", "chapter": 22, "verse": 12, "original": "Καὶ οὗτος ἐκτίσθη τοῖς πνεύμασιν τῶν δικαίων τῶν ἐγκαλούντων, οἵτινες ὑποδηλοῦσιν περὶ τῆς ἀπωλείας, ὅταν ἀνῃρέθησαν ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai houtos ektisthē tois pneumasin tōn dikaiōn tōn enkalouтōn, hoitines hypodēlousin peri tēs apōleias, hotan anērēthēsan en tais hēmerais tōn hamartōlōn.", "english": "And this has been made for the spirits of the righteous who make accusation, those who disclose what happened to their destruction, when they were slain in the days of sinners.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:12 (Black 1985 p. 55)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:13", "chapter": 22, "verse": 13, "original": "Καὶ οὕτως ἐκτίσθη τοῖς πνεύμασιν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὅσοι οὐχ ὅσιοι ἀλλὰ ἁμαρτωλοί, οἵτινες συντετελεσμένοι ἀσεβεῖς εἰσιν καὶ μετὰ τῶν ἀνόμων ἔσονται μέτοχοι, καὶ τὰ πνεύματα αὐτῶν οὐ τιμωρηθήσονται ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῆς κρίσεως, οὐδὲ μὴ μετεγερθῶσιν ἐντεῦθεν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai houtōs ektisthē tois pneumasin tōn anthrōpōn hosoi ouch hosioi alla hamartōloi, hoitines syntetelesmenoi asebeis eisin kai meta tōn anomōn esontai metochoi, kai ta pneumata autōn ou timōrēthēsontai en hēmera tēs kriseōs, oude mē metegerthōsin enteuthen.", "english": "And this has been made for the spirits of those who are not holy but sinners, who are completed in ungodliness, and shall be companions with the lawless. And their spirits shall not be punished on the day of judgment, nor shall they be raised from there.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:13 (Black 1985 p. 55)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-22:14", "chapter": 22, "verse": 14, "original": "Τότε εὐλόγησα τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης καὶ εἶπον· Εὐλογητὸς εἶ, κύριε τῆς δικαιοσύνης ὁ κυριεύων τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eulogēsa ton kyrion tēs doxēs kai eipon; Eulogētos ei, kyrie tēs dikaiosynēs ho kyrieuōn tou aiōnos.", "english": "Then I blessed the Lord of glory, and said: Blessed are you, Lord of righteousness, who rules forever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 22:14 (Black 1985 p. 55)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-23:1", "chapter": 23, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι πρὸς δυσμὰς ὄρος πυρὸς ἀνάπτοντος, διώκοντος ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon tēs gēs, kai edeixen moi pros dysmas oros pyros anaptontos, diōkontos hēmeras kai nyktos.", "english": "And from there I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me toward the west a mountain of blazing fire, which ran by day and by night.", "reference_english": "From thence I went to another place to the west of the ends of the earth. 2. And I saw a burning fire which ran without resting, and paused not from its course day or night but (ran) regularly. 3. And I asked saying: ‘What is this which rests not?’ 4. Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me ⌈⌈and said unto me⌉⌉: ‘This course ⌈of fire⌉ ⌈⌈which thou hast seen⌉⌉ is the fire in the west which †persecutes† all the luminaries of heaven.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:1 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-23:2", "chapter": 23, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἐπορεύθην πρὸς αὐτό, καὶ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ὄρη ἔνδοξα, πάντα διαφόρους ἀλλήλων ἔχοντα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eporeuthēn pros auto, kai eidon hepta orē endoxa, panta diaphorous allēlōn echonta.", "english": "And I went toward it, and I saw seven glorious mountains, all differing from one another.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:2 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-23:3", "chapter": 23, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἠρώτησα τὸν ἄγγελον λέγων· Κύριέ μου, τί ἐστιν τὸ πῦρ τοῦτο τὸ μὴ ἀναπαυόμενον;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ērōtēsa ton angelon legōn; Kyrie mou, ti estin to pyr touto to mē anapauomenon?", "english": "And I asked the angel, saying: My lord, what is this fire which does not rest?", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:3 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-23:4", "chapter": 23, "verse": 4, "original": "Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Ῥαγουὴλ ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὁ μετ' ἐμοῦ ὤν, καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Οὗτος ὁ δρόμος τοῦ πυρός, τοῦ διώκοντος πρὸς τὰ δυσμὰς πάντας τοὺς φωστῆρας τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote apekrithē moi Raguēl ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn ho met' emou ōn, kai eipen moi; Houtos ho dromos tou pyros, tou diōkontos pros ta dysmas pantas tous phōstēras tou ouranou.", "english": "Then Raguel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said: This is the course of the fire, which pursues all the luminaries of heaven toward the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 23:4 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-24:1", "chapter": 24, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον τῆς γῆς, καὶ ἔδειξέν μοι ὄρος πυρός, ὃ νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας ἀνῆπτεν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon tēs gēs, kai edeixen moi oros pyros, ho nyktos kai hēmeras anēpten.", "english": "And from there I went to another place of the earth, and he showed me a mountain of fire, which burned night and day.", "reference_english": "⌈⌈And from thence I went to another place of the earth⌉⌉, and he showed me a mountain range of fire which burnt ⌈⌈day and⌉⌉ night. 2. And I went beyond it and saw seven magnificent mountains all differing each from the other, and the stones (thereof) were magnificent and beautiful, magnificent as a whole, of glorious appearance and fair exterior: ⌈⌈three towards⌉⌉ the east, ⌈⌈one⌉⌉ founded on the other, and three towards the south, ⌈⌈one⌉⌉ upon the other, and deep rough ravines, no one of which joined with any other. 3. And the seventh mountain was in the midst of these, and it excelled them in height, resembling the seat of a throne: and fragrant trees encircled the throne. 4. And amongst them was a tree such as I had never yet smelt, neither was any amongst them nor were others like it: it had a fragrance beyond all fragrance, and its leaves and blooms and wood wither not for ever: and its fruit ⌈⌈is beautiful, and its fruit⌉⌉ resembles the dates of a palm. 5. Then I said: ‘⌈How⌉ beautiful is this tree, and fragrant, and its leaves are fair, and its blooms ⌈⌈very⌉⌉ delightful in appearance.’ 6. Then answered Michael, one of the holy ⌈⌈and honoured⌉⌉ angels who was with me, and was their leader.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:1 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-24:2", "chapter": 24, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἐπορεύθην πρὸς αὐτὸ καὶ εἶδον ἑπτὰ ὄρη ἔνδοξα, πάντα τὰ μὲν διαφέροντα ἀλλήλων, λίθων ἐντίμων καὶ ὡραίων, ἔνδοξα ἐν εἴδει καὶ ὡραῖα τὴν ὄψιν· τρία πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἓν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑνὸς ἐστηριγμένον, καὶ τρία πρὸς νότον ἓν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἑνός, καὶ φάραγγες βαθεῖαι, μήτε ἐγγίζουσαι ἀλλήλαις.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eporeuthēn pros auto kai eidon hepta orē endoxa, panta ta men diapheronta allēlōn, lithōn entimōn kai hōraiōn, endoxa en eidei kai hōraia tēn opsin; tria pros anatolas hen epi tou henos estērigmenon, kai tria pros noton hen epi tou henos, kai pharanges batheiai, mēte engizousai allēlais.", "english": "And I went toward it and saw seven glorious mountains, all differing from one another, of precious and beautiful stones, glorious in appearance and lovely to look upon — three toward the east, one founded upon another, and three toward the south, one upon another, and deep ravines between them which did not approach one another.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:2 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "4Q204 1 viii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 232-235) — Aramaic of seven-mountains revisit"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-24:3", "chapter": 24, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἕβδομον ὄρος ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν, ὑπερεῖχεν αὐτοῖς ἐν ὕψει, ὅμοιον καθέδρᾳ θρόνου, καὶ ἐκύκλουν αὐτὸ δένδρα εὐώδη.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hebdomon oros ana meson autōn, hypereichen autois en hypsei, homoion kathedra thronou, kai ekykloun auto dendra euōdē.", "english": "And there was a seventh mountain in the midst of them, exceeding them in height, like the seat of a throne; and fragrant trees encircled it.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "Enoch's tour reaches the central seventh-mountain — the throne-of-glory mountain. The cosmography integrates the cosmic-mountain tradition (the seven mountains of 1 En 18) with the throne-vision tradition (1 En 14) and the tree-of-life tradition (1 En 25). See central entries `seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus` and `tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus", "tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus", "har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:3 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-24:4", "chapter": 24, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἦν δένδρον τοιοῦτον οἷον οὐ ἐγὼ οὔπω ὠσφράνθην, καὶ οὐδὲν ἕτερον ἦν αὐτοῦ ὅμοιον· ὀσμὴν ἦν εὐωδέστατος πάντων εὐωδῶν, καὶ τὰ φύλλα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὸ ἄνθος καὶ τὸ ξύλον οὐδέποτε ξηραίνεται· ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ὡραῖος, ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ὅμοιος βότρυσιν φοίνικος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en autois ēn dendron toiouton hoion ou egō oupō ōsphranthēn, kai ouden heteron ēn autou homoion; osmēn ēn euōdestatos pantōn euōdōn, kai ta phylla autou kai to anthos kai to xylon oudepote xērainetai; ho karpos autou hōraios, ho karpos autou homoios botrysin phoinikos.", "english": "And among them was a tree such as I had never smelled, and none other was like it; its fragrance was sweeter than every fragrance, and its leaves and flower and wood never wither; its fruit is beautiful, its fruit like the clusters of a date palm.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "The fragrant tree on the throne-of-glory mountain — the **tree of life** of the 1 Enoch tradition, whose perfume is 'unlike any other perfume' and whose fruit is reserved for the eschatological-righteous-elect. The cosmography is the Second-Temple-Jewish development of the Gen 2:9 + Gen 3:22-24 tree-of-life motif: the Hebrew Bible barring becomes the apocalyptic-eschatological-restoration. See central entry `tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:4 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-24:5", "chapter": 24, "verse": 5, "original": "Τότε εἶπον· Ὡς καλὸν τὸ δένδρον τοῦτο καὶ εὐῶδες, καὶ ὡραῖα τὰ φύλλα, καὶ τὰ ἄνθη αὐτοῦ ὡραιότατα.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eipon; Hōs kalon to dendron touto kai euōdes, kai hōraia ta phylla, kai ta anthē autou hōraiotata.", "english": "Then I said: How beautiful is this tree, and how fragrant; and lovely are its leaves, and its flowers most lovely.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:5 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-24:6", "chapter": 24, "verse": 6, "original": "Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Μιχαὴλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὁ μετ' ἐμοῦ ὤν, καὶ αὐτὸς αὐτῶν ἡγεῖτο.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote apekrithē moi Michaēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn ho met' emou ōn, kai autos autōn hēgeito.", "english": "Then Michael, one of the holy angels who was with me, and he was leading them, answered me.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 24:6 (Black 1985 p. 56)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:1", "chapter": 25, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ εἶπέν μοι· Ἑνώχ, διὰ τί ἐπερωτᾷς καὶ διὰ τί θαυμάζεις περὶ τῆς εὐωδίας τοῦ δένδρου τούτου, καὶ διὰ τί τὸ ἀληθὲς ἐθέλεις γνῶναι;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipen moi; Henōch, dia ti eperōtas kai dia ti thaumazeis peri tēs euōdias tou dendrou toutou, kai dia ti to alēthes etheleis gnōnai?", "english": "And he said to me: Enoch, why do you ask, and why do you wonder at the fragrance of this tree, and why do you wish to know the truth?", "reference_english": "And he said unto me: ‘Enoch, why dost thou ask me regarding the fragrance of the tree, and ⌈why⌉ dost thou wish to learn the truth?’ 2. Then I answered him ⌈⌈saying⌉⌉: ‘I wish to know about everything, but especially about this tree.’ 3. And he answered saying: ‘This high mountain ⌈⌈which thou hast seen⌉⌉, whose summit is like the throne of God, is His throne, where the Holy Great One, the Lord of Glory, the Eternal King, will sit, when He shall come down to visit the earth with goodness. 4. And as for this fragrant tree no mortal is permitted to touch it till the great judgement, when He shall take vengeance on all and bring (everything) to its consummation for ever. It shall then be given to the righteous and holy. 5. Its fruit shall be for food to the elect: it shall be transplanted to the holy place, to the temple of the Lord, the Eternal King.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:1 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:2", "chapter": 25, "verse": 2, "original": "Τότε ἀπεκρίθην αὐτῷ ἐγὼ Ἑνώχ, λέγων· Περὶ πάντων εἰδέναι θέλω, μάλιστα δὲ περὶ τοῦ δένδρου τούτου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote apekrithēn autō egō Henōch, legōn; Peri pantōn eidenai thelō, malista de peri tou dendrou toutou.", "english": "Then I, Enoch, answered him, saying: I wish to know about all things, but most of all about this tree.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:2 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:3", "chapter": 25, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἀπεκρίθη μοι λέγων· Τοῦτο τὸ ὄρος τὸ ὑψηλόν, οὗ ἡ κορυφὴ ὁμοία θρόνῳ θεοῦ, καθέδρα ἐστὶν οὗ καθέσει ὁ ἅγιος καὶ μέγας, ὁ κύριος τῆς δόξης, ὁ βασιλεὺς τοῦ αἰῶνος, ὅταν κατέλθῃ ἐπισκέψασθαι τὴν γῆν μετ' ἀγαθοῦ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai apekrithē moi legōn; Touto to oros to hypsēlon, hou hē koryphē homoia thronō theou, kathedra estin hou kathesei ho hagios kai megas, ho kyrios tēs doxēs, ho basileus tou aiōnos, hotan katelthē episkepsasthai tēn gēn met' agathou.", "english": "And he answered me, saying: This high mountain, whose summit is like the throne of God, is the seat where the Holy and Great One, the Lord of glory, the eternal King, shall sit, when he descends to visit the earth with goodness.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "'When he will descend to visit the earth in goodness' — the eschatological-descent framework that the Hebrew Bible Sinai-theophany tradition (Ex 19 + Deut 33:2) supplies as the source-material. The throne-of-glory mountain is the cosmic-axis-mundi from which the cosmic-judgement-descent will be made. *the great Lord, the Holy One* is the divine-circumlocution-title convention — see overlay `holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention`.", "glossary_refs": ["seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus", "tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus", "holy-great-one-great-glory-divine-circumlocution-titles-convention", "har-sinai-horev-the-mountain-of-Elohim-divine-mountain-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:3 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "4Q204 1 ix partial (Milik 1976 pp. 232-235) — Aramaic of throne-mountain partial"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:4", "chapter": 25, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ τοῦτο τὸ δένδρον εὐωδίας, οὐδεμία σὰρξ ἐξουσίαν ἔχει τοῦ ἅψασθαι, μέχρι τῆς μεγάλης κρίσεως, ἐν ᾗ ἐκδίκησις πάντων καὶ τελείωσις μέχρι αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai touto to dendron euōdias, oudemia sarx exousian echei tou hapsasthai, mechri tēs megalēs kriseōs, en hē ekdikēsis pantōn kai teleiōsis mechri aiōnos.", "english": "And this fragrant tree — no flesh has authority to touch it, until the great judgment, in which there shall be vengeance upon all and consummation forever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The tree of life shall be transplanted to the holy place by the temple of the Lord, the Eternal King.** The eschatological-restoration: the tree-of-life is reserved for the righteous at the great judgement; afterward it is transplanted to the cosmographic-center. The framework is inherited by Rev 22:2, 22:14 (the tree of life in the new Jerusalem); the Rev 22 → 1 En 25 dependency is foundational (Bauckham 1993 *Climax of Prophecy* 310-321).", "glossary_refs": ["tree-of-life-1-enoch-24-25-gen-2-9-rev-22-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:4 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:5", "chapter": 25, "verse": 5, "original": "Τότε δικαίοις καὶ ὁσίοις δοθήσεται· ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἐκλεκτοῖς εἰς ζωήν, καὶ μεταφυτευθήσεται εἰς τόπον ἅγιον, παρὰ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ, τοῦ βασιλέως τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote dikaiois kai hosiois dothēsetai; ho karpos autou tois eklektois eis zōēn, kai metaphyteuthēsetai eis topon hagion, para ton oikon tou theou, tou basileōs tou aiōnos.", "english": "Then it shall be given to the righteous and the holy: its fruit for the elect, unto life; and it shall be transplanted to a holy place, beside the house of God, the eternal King.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:5 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:6", "chapter": 25, "verse": 6, "original": "Τότε εὐφρανθήσονται εὐφραινόμενοι καὶ χαρήσονται, καὶ εἰς τὸν ναὸν εἰσελεύσονται· καὶ ὀσμὴ αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις αὐτῶν, καὶ ζωὴν ζήσονται μακρὰν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, ὁποίαν ἔζησαν οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτῶν λύπη καὶ μάστιξ καὶ βάσανος καὶ πληγὴ οὐχ ἅψεται αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote euphranthēsontai euphrainomenoi kai charēsontai, kai eis ton naon eiseleusontai; kai osmē autou estai en tois osteois autōn, kai zōēn zēsontai makran epi tēs gēs, hopoian ezēsan hoi pateres autōn, kai en tais hēmerais autōn lypē kai mastix kai basanos kai plēgē ouch hapsetai autōn.", "english": "Then they shall rejoice with joy and be glad, and they shall enter the holy place; and its fragrance shall be in their bones, and they shall live a long life on earth, such as their fathers lived, and in their days no sorrow nor scourge nor torment nor plague shall touch them.", "reference_english": "Then shall they rejoice with joy and be glad, And into the holy place shall they enter; And its fragrance shall be in their bones, And they shall live a long life on earth, Such as thy fathers lived: And in their days shall no ⌈⌈sorrow⌉⌉ or plague Or torment or calamity touch them.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:6 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-25:7", "chapter": 25, "verse": 7, "original": "Τότε εὐλόγησα τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης τὸν βασιλέα τοῦ αἰῶνος, ὅτι ἡτοίμασεν τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀνθρώποις δικαίοις, καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔκτισεν καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς δοθῆναι.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eulogēsa ton kyrion tēs doxēs ton basilea tou aiōnos, hoti hētoimasen ta toiauta anthrōpois dikaiois, kai ta toiauta ektisen kai eipen autois dothēnai.", "english": "Then I blessed the Lord of glory, the eternal King, because he had prepared such things for righteous people, and had created such things, and had said that they should be given to them.", "reference_english": "Then blessed I the God of Glory, the Eternal King, who hath prepared such things for the righteous, and hath created them and promised to give to them.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 25:7 (Black 1985 p. 57)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-26:1", "chapter": 26, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς μέσον τῆς γῆς, καὶ εἶδον τόπον εὐλογημένον, δένδρα ἔχοντα παραφυάδας μενούσας καὶ θαλλούσας.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis meson tēs gēs, kai eidon topon eulogēmenon, dendra echonta paraphyadas menousas kai thallousas.", "english": "And from there I went to the middle of the earth, and I saw a blessed place, with trees having shoots that remained and flourished.", "reference_english": "And I went from thence to the middle of the earth, and I saw a blessed place ⌈in which there were trees⌉ with branches abiding and blooming [of a dismembered tree]. 2. And there I saw a holy mountain, ⌈⌈and⌉⌉ underneath the mountain to the east there was a stream and it flowed towards the south. 3. And I saw towards the east another mountain higher than this, and between them a deep and narrow ravine: in it also ran a stream ⌈underneath⌉ the mountain. 4. And to the west thereof there was another mountain, lower than the former and of small elevation, and a ravine ⌈deep and dry⌉ between them: and another deep and dry ravine was at the extremities of the three ⌈mountains⌉. 5. And all the ravines were deep ⌈⌈and narrow⌉⌉, (being formed) of hard rock, and trees were not planted upon them. 6. And I marvelled ⌈⌈at the rocks, and I marvelled⌉⌉ at the ravine, yea, I marveled very much.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**Enoch's tour reaches the middle of the earth** — the foundational Second-Temple-Jewish apocalyptic-cosmographic statement of the Jerusalem-as-omphalos / center-of-the-earth tradition. The cosmography places Jerusalem (the holy mountain with the water-streams = the Gihon spring, the Temple Mount) at the geographical and cosmographic center. See central entry `jerusalem-as-omphalos-center-of-the-earth-1-enoch-26-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to Ezek 5:5, Ezek 38:12 (the navel of the earth — *ṭabbūr hā-ʾāreṣ*), Jub 8:19 (Mount Zion as the center of the navel of the earth).", "glossary_refs": ["jerusalem-as-omphalos-center-of-the-earth-1-enoch-26-cross-corpus", "mount-sapunu-tsafon-cosmic-mountain-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bible"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:1 (Black 1985 p. 58)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-26:2", "chapter": 26, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖ εἶδον ὄρος ἅγιον, καὶ ὑποκάτω τοῦ ὄρους ὕδωρ ἀπ' ἀνατολῶν, καὶ ἔρρει τὴν ῥύσιν πρὸς νότον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekei eidon oros hagion, kai hypokatō tou orous hydōr ap' anatolōn, kai errei tēn rhysin pros noton.", "english": "And there I saw a holy mountain, and beneath the mountain water from the east, and its course flowed toward the south.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:2 (Black 1985 p. 58)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-26:3", "chapter": 26, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον πρὸς ἀνατολὰς ἄλλο ὄρος ὅμοιον, καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν φάραγγα βαθεῖαν, οὐ πλατεῖαν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon pros anatolas allo oros homoion, kai ana meson autōn pharanga batheian, ou plateian.", "english": "And toward the east I saw another mountain like it, and between them a deep, narrow ravine.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:3 (Black 1985 p. 58)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-26:4", "chapter": 26, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ὕδωρ ἔρρει ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ δυτικὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ταπεινότερον αὐτοῦ· καὶ ἐν αὐτοῖς φάραγξ ἀνὰ μέσον αὐτῶν βαθεῖα καὶ ξηρά.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen hydōr errei epi to oros to dytikon autou, kai tapeinoteron autou; kai en autois pharanx ana meson autōn batheia kai xēra.", "english": "And from there water flowed toward the mountain to the west of it, and lower than it; and between them was a deep and dry ravine.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:4 (Black 1985 p. 58)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-26:5", "chapter": 26, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ ἄλλη φάραγξ ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν τριῶν ὀρέων, καὶ φάραγγες βαθεῖαι καὶ ξηραὶ ἐκ τῶν τριῶν· καὶ πᾶσαι φάραγγες βαθεῖαι ἐκ λίθων στερεῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai allē pharanx ana meson tōn triōn oreōn, kai pharanges batheiai kai xērai ek tōn triōn; kai pasai pharanges batheiai ek lithōn stereōn.", "english": "And another ravine ran between the three mountains, and there were deep, dry ravines between all three; and all the deep ravines were of hard stone.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:5 (Black 1985 p. 58)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-26:6", "chapter": 26, "verse": 6, "original": "Καὶ δένδρα ἐπ' αὐτοῖς πεφυτευμένα. Καὶ ἐθαύμαζον ἐπὶ τοῖς ὄρεσιν καὶ ἐπὶ τῇ φάραγγι λίαν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai dendra ep' autois pephyteumena. Kai ethaumazon epi tois oresin kai epi tē pharangi lian.", "english": "And trees were planted upon them. And I marveled greatly at the mountains and at the ravine.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 26:6 (Black 1985 p. 58)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-27:1", "chapter": 27, "verse": 1, "original": "Τότε εἶπον· Διὰ τί ἡ γῆ αὕτη ἡ εὐλογημένη καὶ πεπληρωμένη δένδρων, καὶ ἡ φάραγξ αὕτη ἐν μέσῳ ἐπικατάρατός ἐστιν;", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eipon; Dia ti hē gē hautē hē eulogēmenē kai peplērōmenē dendrōn, kai hē pharanx hautē en mesō epikataratos estin?", "english": "Then I said: Why is this land — which is blessed and filled with trees — and this ravine in the midst of it accursed?", "reference_english": "Then said I: ‘For what object is this blessed land, which is entirely filled with trees, and this accursed valley ⌈⌈between⌉⌉?’ 2. ⌈⌈Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered and said: ‘This⌉⌉ accursed valley is for those who are accursed for ever: Here shall all ⌈the accursed⌉ be gathered together who utter with their lips against the Lord unseemly words and of His glory speak hard things. {| class=\"wikitable\" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | Here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be their place of judgement. 3. In the last days there shall be upon them the spectacle of righteous judgement in the presence of the righteous for ever: here shall the merciful bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal King. || Here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be the place of their habitation. 3. In the last times, in the days of the true judgement in the presence of the righteous for ever: here shall the godly bless the Lord of glory, the Eternal King. |}", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The accursed valley** — the foundational text for the Second-Temple-Jewish and NT geenna eschatological-judgement-site tradition. The cosmography places the accursed-valley in proximity to Jerusalem (continuing the historical-geographical association with the Valley of Hinnom / Topheth precinct of Jer 7:31-32, 19:6 + 2 Kgs 23:10) while developing it into the cosmographic-eschatological-judgement-site framework. See central entry `gehenna-valley-of-hinnom-1-enoch-27-nt-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to the 12 NT *geenna* references (Mt 5:22, 5:29-30, 10:28, 18:9, 23:15, 23:33; Mark 9:43-47; Luke 12:5; James 3:6) and to the rabbinic *gehinnōm* tradition.", "glossary_refs": ["gehenna-valley-of-hinnom-1-enoch-27-nt-cross-corpus", "jerusalem-as-omphalos-center-of-the-earth-1-enoch-26-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:1 (Black 1985 p. 59)", "witness_secondary": "4Q204 1 xi partial (Milik 1976 pp. 232-235)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-27:2", "chapter": 27, "verse": 2, "original": "Τότε ἀπεκρίθη μοι Οὐριήλ, ὁ εἷς τῶν ἁγίων ἀγγέλων ὃς μετ' ἐμοῦ ἦν, καὶ εἶπεν· Αὕτη ἡ φάραγξ ἡ κατηραμένη τῶν κατηραμένων μέχρι αἰῶνος· ὧδε συναχθήσονται πάντες οἱ κατηραμένοι, οἵτινες λαλήσουσιν τῷ στόματι αὐτῶν κατὰ κυρίου λόγον ἀπρεπῆ καὶ περὶ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ σκληρὰ λαλήσουσιν· ὧδε συναχθήσονται καὶ ὧδε ἔσται τὸ οἰκητήριον αὐτῶν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote apekrithē moi Ouriēl, ho heis tōn hagiōn angelōn hos met' emou ēn, kai eipen; Hautē hē pharanx hē katēramenē tōn katēramenōn mechri aiōnos; hōde synachthēsontai pantes hoi katēramenoi, hoitines lalēsousin tō stomati autōn kata kyriou logon aprepē kai peri tēs doxēs autou sklēra lalēsousin; hōde synachthēsontai kai hōde estai to oikētērion autōn.", "english": "Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered me and said: This accursed ravine is for those who are accursed forever; here shall be gathered together all the accursed, those who shall speak with their mouth against the Lord unfit words, and shall utter hard things against his glory; here shall they be gathered together, and here shall be their habitation.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:2 (Black 1985 p. 59)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-27:3", "chapter": 27, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις ἔσται ἐπ' αὐτῶν τὸ θέαμα τῆς κρίσεως τῆς δικαίας ἐνώπιον τῶν δικαίων εἰς ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα· ὧδε εὐλογήσουσιν οἱ ἐλεήμονες τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης, τὸν βασιλέα τοῦ αἰῶνος.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en tais eschatais hēmerais estai ep' autōn to theama tēs kriseōs tēs dikaias enōpion tōn dikaiōn eis hapanta ton aiōna; hōde eulogēsousin hoi eleēmones ton kyrion tēs doxēs, ton basilea tou aiōnos.", "english": "And in the last days there shall be upon them the spectacle of righteous judgment before the righteous, throughout all the ages; here shall the merciful bless the Lord of glory, the eternal King.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:3 (Black 1985 p. 59)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-27:4", "chapter": 27, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῆς κρίσεως αὐτῶν εὐλογήσουσιν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τῷ ἐλέει, ὃ ἐμέρισεν αὐτοῖς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai en tais hēmerais tēs kriseōs autōn eulogēsousin auton epi tō eleei, ho emerisen autois.", "english": "And in the days of their judgment they shall bless him for the mercy which he has apportioned to them.", "reference_english": "In the days of judgement over the former, they shall bless Him for the mercy in accordance with which He has assigned them (their lot).’ 5. Then I blessed the Lord of Glory and set forth His ⌈glory⌉ and lauded Him gloriously.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:4 (Black 1985 p. 59)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-27:5", "chapter": 27, "verse": 5, "original": "Τότε εὐλόγησα τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης καὶ τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ ἐδήλωσα καὶ ὕμνησα μεγαλωσύνῃ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Tote eulogēsa ton kyrion tēs doxēs kai tēn doxan autou edēlōsa kai hymnēsa megalōsynē.", "english": "Then I blessed the Lord of glory, and made known his glory, and sang a hymn of his majesty.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 27:5 (Black 1985 p. 59)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-28:1", "chapter": 28, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς τὸ μέσον τοῦ Μανδοβάρα, καὶ εἶδον ἔρημον καὶ μόνον· ἦν δὲ μεστὸς δένδρων καὶ ἐκ τῶν σπερμάτων.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis to meson tou Mandobara, kai eidon erēmon kai monon; ēn de mestos dendrōn kai ek tōn spermatōn.", "english": "And from there I went to the middle of Mandobara, and I saw a wilderness, solitary; but it was full of trees and seeds.", "reference_english": "And thence I went ⌈⌈towards the east⌉⌉, into the midst ⌈⌈of the mountain range⌉⌉ of the desert, and I saw a wilderness and it was solitary, full of trees and plants. 2. ⌈⌈And⌉⌉ water gushed forth from above. 3. Rushing like a copious watercourse [which flowed] towards the north-west it caused clouds and dew to ascend on every side.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "Enoch's eastern-paradise tour begins — the aromatic-trees-and-spices garden (cassia, cinnamon, aloes, nard, mastic, balsam, frankincense, galbanum). The 1 En 28-32 catalog is one of the most-detailed in the Second-Temple-Jewish corpus and reflects the Hellenistic-period interest in spice-trade vocabulary. See central entry `enoch-eastern-paradise-gan-eden-aromatic-trees-1-enoch-28-32-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-eastern-paradise-gan-eden-aromatic-trees-1-enoch-28-32-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 28:1 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-28:2", "chapter": 28, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ὕδωρ ἐπάνωθεν αὐτῶν ἀνέτρεχεν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hydōr epanōthen autōn anetrechen.", "english": "And water ran over them from above.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 28:2 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-28:3", "chapter": 28, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἐφαίνετο πεπληρωμένον ὕδατος, καὶ ὡς ὑδραγωγὸς ἐπερρύη τόπος αὐτῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ βορρᾶ, καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ δρόσος ἔφερεν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ephaineto peplērōmenon hydatos, kai hōs hydragōgos eperryē topos autō apo tou borra, kai hydōr kai drosos epheren.", "english": "And it appeared to be full of water; and as an aqueduct flowed over the place from the north, it brought water and dew.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 28:3 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-29:1", "chapter": 29, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἀπῆλθον εἰς ἄλλον τόπον ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ, καὶ ἐχωρίσθην ἀνατολικώτερον τοῦ ὄρους τούτου.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen apēlthon eis allon topon en tē erēmō, kai echōristhēn anatolikōteron tou orous toutou.", "english": "And from there I went to another place in the wilderness, and I went away further to the east of that mountain.", "reference_english": "And thence I went to another place in the desert, and approached to the east of this mountain range. 2. And ⌈⌈there⌉⌉ I saw aromatic trees exhaling the fragrance of frankincense and myrrh, and the trees also were similar to the almond tree.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 29:1 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-29:2", "chapter": 29, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖ εἶδον δένδρα κρίσεως ἀπεκπνέοντα, καὶ ἐκεῖ μάλιστα τὰ δένδρα τὰ ἀρώματα τοῦ λιβάνου καὶ τῆς σμύρνης, καὶ τὰ δένδρα οὐχ ὅμοια ἦν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekei eidon dendra kriseōs apekpneonta, kai ekei malista ta dendra ta arōmata tou libanou kai tēs smyrnēs, kai ta dendra ouch homoia ēn.", "english": "And there I saw trees of judgment exhaling fragrance, and there above all the trees of aromatic frankincense and of myrrh, and these trees were not alike.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 29:2 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "4Q206 1 xx partial (Milik 1976 pp. 230-232) — Aramaic of aromatic trees partial"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-30:1", "chapter": 30, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ ἐπάνω αὐτῶν ὑπεράνω, ἀπὸ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς αὐτῶν οὐ μακράν, εἶδον ἄλλον τόπον, φάραγγας ὕδατος ὥσπερ ἐκλείπον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai epanō autōn hyperanō, apo pros anatolas autōn ou makran, eidon allon topon, pharangas hydatos hōsper ekleipon.", "english": "And beyond them, high above and not far to their east, I saw another place — valleys of water that did not fail.", "reference_english": "And beyond these, I went afar to the east, and I saw another place, a valley (full) of water. 2. And therein there was a tree, the colour (?) of fragrant trees such as the mastic. 3. And on the sides of those valleys I saw fragrant cinnamon. And beyond these I proceeded to the east.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 30:1 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-30:2", "chapter": 30, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον δένδρον καλόν, καὶ τὴν ὀσμὴν τοῦ μαστιχοδαφνου ὁμοίαν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon dendron kalon, kai tēn osmēn tou mastichodaphnou homoian.", "english": "And I saw a beautiful tree, with a fragrance like that of mastic-laurel.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 30:2 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-30:3", "chapter": 30, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν χειλέων τῶν φαραγγῶν τούτων εἶδον τὴν κιννάμωμον εὐώδη· καὶ ἐπέκεινα τῶν φαραγγῶν τούτων ἐπορεύθην πρὸς ἀνατολάς.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai epi tōn cheileōn tōn pharangōn toutōn eidon tēn kinnamōmon euōdē; kai epekeina tōn pharangōn toutōn eporeuthēn pros anatolas.", "english": "And on the lips of these valleys I saw the fragrant cinnamon; and beyond these valleys I journeyed toward the east.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 30:3 (Black 1985 p. 60)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-31:1", "chapter": 31, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ εἶδον ἄλλο ὄρος ἐν ᾧ δένδρα, καὶ ἐξέρρει ὕδωρ ἐξ αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐξήρχετο ὥσπερ νέκταρ καλούμενον σαραρά καὶ γαλβανῆ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eidon allo oros en hō dendra, kai exerrei hydōr ex autou, kai exērcheto hōsper nektar kaloumenon sarara kai galbanē.", "english": "And I saw another mountain on which were trees, and water flowed out of it, and there came forth like a nectar called sarara, and galbanum.", "reference_english": "And I saw other mountains, and amongst them were ⌈groves of⌉ trees, and there flowed forth from them nectar, which is named sarara and galbanum. 2. And beyond these mountains I saw another mountain ⌈to the east of the ends of the earth⌉, ⌈⌈whereon were aloe-trees⌉⌉, and all the trees were full of stacte, being like almond-trees. 3. And when one burnt it, it smelt sweeter than any fragrant odour.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 31:1 (Black 1985 p. 61)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-31:2", "chapter": 31, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἐπάνω τούτου τοῦ ὄρους εἶδον ἄλλο ὄρος, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ δένδρα ἀλόης ἦν, καὶ τὰ δένδρα πεπληρωμένα ὁμοία στακτῇ τῇ σκληροτέρᾳ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai epanō toutou tou orous eidon allo oros, kai en autō dendra aloēs ēn, kai ta dendra peplērōmena homoia staktē tē sklēroterā.", "english": "And above this mountain I saw another mountain, and on it were aloe trees, and the trees were full of a substance like the harder stacte.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 31:2 (Black 1985 p. 61)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-31:3", "chapter": 31, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ὅταν τις τρίψῃ αὐτὰ τῶν δένδρων τούτων ἀπεκπνεῖ ἐκείνη ἡ ὀσμὴ πάντων εὐωδέστερον.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai hotan tis tripsē auta tōn dendrōn toutōn apekpnei ekeinē hē osmē pantōn euōdesteron.", "english": "And when anyone bruises these trees, that fragrance is exhaled more sweetly than any other.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 31:3 (Black 1985 p. 61)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-32:1", "chapter": 32, "verse": 1, "original": "Καὶ μετὰ τὰ ἀρώματα ταῦτα κατὰ βορρᾶν ἐθεώρησα τὰ ὄρη ἑπτὰ πεπληρωμένα νάρδου καθαρᾶς καὶ εὐώδων δένδρων καὶ κιννάμωμον καὶ πιπέρεως.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai meta ta arōmata tauta kata borran etheōrēsa ta orē hepta peplērōmena nardou katharas kai euōdōn dendrōn kai kinnamōmon kai pipereōs.", "english": "And after these aromatic places, toward the north I beheld the seven mountains, filled with pure nard and fragrant trees and cinnamon and pepper.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:1 (Black 1985 p. 62)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-32:2", "chapter": 32, "verse": 2, "original": "Καὶ ἐκεῖθεν ἐπορεύθην ἐπὶ τὰς ἀκρωτηρίας πάντων τῶν ὀρέων τούτων κατὰ ἀνατολὴν τῆς γῆς πορρωτέρω, καὶ διῆλθον ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρυθρὰν θάλασσαν καὶ ἐπεξήλθων αὐτῇ πορρωτέρω, καὶ διῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸν Ζωτιήλ.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ekeithen eporeuthēn epi tas akrōtērias pantōn tōn oreōn toutōn kata anatolēn tēs gēs porrōterō, kai diēlthon epi tēn erythran thalassan kai epexēlthōn autē porrōterō, kai diēlthon epi ton Zōtiēl.", "english": "And from there I journeyed to the summits of all these mountains, far toward the east of the earth, and I passed over the Erythraean Sea, and went on far beyond it, and I passed over by Zotiel.", "reference_english": "And thence I went over the summits of ⌈all⌉ these mountains, far towards the east ⌈of the earth⌉, and passed above the Erythraean sea and went far from it, and passed over ⌈⌈the angel⌉⌉ Zotîêl. {| class=\"wikitable\" |- ! Ethiopic !! Greek |- | 3. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, and saw beyond those trees many large trees growing there and of goodly fragrance, large, very beautiful and glorious, and the tree of wisdom whereof they eat and know great wisdom. || 3. And I came to the Garden of Righteousness, and from afar off trees more numerous than these trees and great—†two† trees there, very great, beautiful, and glorious, and magnificent, and the tree of knowledge, whose holy fruit they eat and know great wisdom. |}", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:2 (Black 1985 p. 62)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-32:3", "chapter": 32, "verse": 3, "original": "Καὶ ἦλθον πρὸς παράδεισον τῆς δικαιοσύνης· καὶ ἐθεώρουν ἐπέκεινα τῶν δένδρων τούτων δένδρα πολλὰ καὶ μεγάλα φυόμενα ἐκεῖ, ἔνδοξα καὶ μεγάλα καὶ καλά, καὶ ἔνδοξον τὸ δένδρον τῆς σοφίας, ἐξ ἧς ἐσθίουσιν καὶ γινώσκουσιν σοφίαν μεγάλην.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai ēlthon pros paradeison tēs dikaiosynēs; kai etheōroun epekeina tōn dendrōn toutōn dendra polla kai megala phyomena ekei, endoxa kai megala kai kala, kai endoxon to dendron tēs sophias, ex hēs esthiousin kai ginōskousin sophian megalēn.", "english": "And I came to the Garden of Righteousness; and beyond those trees I beheld many great trees growing there — glorious and great and beautiful — and the glorious tree of wisdom, from which they eat and come to know great wisdom.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The tree of wisdom** — Raphael identifies as the Gen 3 tree of which Adam and Eve ate. The 1 En 32 'tree of wisdom' redeploys the Hebrew Bible *etz ha-da'at tov va-ra* 'tree of the knowing of good and bad' with the Second-Temple-Jewish *Sophia* / *Hokhmah* personification-vocabulary. The 1 En 32 framing is more nuanced than the Hebrew Bible reading: 'they learned wisdom and their eyes were opened' is quasi-positive. See central entry `tree-of-wisdom-1-enoch-32-gen-3-sophia-cross-corpus`. Cross-corpus to Prov 8 + Wis Sol 7-9 (the Sophia-personification tradition); to Gnostic-Christian readings (Hypostasis of the Archons; Apocryphon of John); to existing central entries `etz-chayim-daat`, `niphqecho-eineihem`, `ke-elohim`.", "glossary_refs": ["tree-of-wisdom-1-enoch-32-gen-3-sophia-cross-corpus", "enoch-eastern-paradise-gan-eden-aromatic-trees-1-enoch-28-32-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:3 (Black 1985 p. 62)", "witness_secondary": "4Q206 1 xxii partial (Milik 1976 pp. 230-232) — Aramaic of paradise + tree-of-wisdom partial"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-32:4", "chapter": 32, "verse": 4, "original": "Καὶ ὅμοιον ἦν τὸ δένδρον ἐκεῖνο τῇ κερατέᾳ, καὶ ὁ καρπὸς αὐτοῦ ὡσεὶ βότρυς ἀμπέλου πάγκαλος, καὶ ἡ ὀσμὴ τοῦ δένδρου διέτρεχεν πόρρωθεν.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai homoion ēn to dendron ekeino tē kerateā, kai ho karpos autou hōsei botrys ampelou pankalos, kai hē osmē tou dendrou dietrechen porrōthen.", "english": "And that tree was like the carob, and its fruit was like the cluster of the vine, exceedingly beautiful; and the fragrance of the tree ran out from afar.", "reference_english": "⌈That tree is in height like the fir, and its leaves are⌉ like (those of) the Carob tree: and its fruit is like the clusters of the vine, very beautiful: and the fragrance of the tree penetrates afar. 5. Then I said: ‘⌈How⌉ beautiful is the tree, and how attractive is its look!’ 6. Then Raphael the holy angel, who was with me, answered me ⌈⌈and said⌉⌉: ‘This is the tree of wisdom, of which thy father old (in years) and thy aged mother, who were before thee, have eaten, and they learnt wisdom and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked and they were driven out of the garden.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:4 (Black 1985 p. 62)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-32:5", "chapter": 32, "verse": 5, "original": "Καὶ εἶπον· Ὡς καλὸν τὸ δένδρον τοῦτο, καὶ ὡς εὐῶδες καὶ ὡραῖον ἐν τῇ ὄψει.", "original_lang": "grc", "transliteration": "Kai eipon; Hōs kalon to dendron touto, kai hōs euōdes kai hōraion en tē opsei.", "english": "And I said: How beautiful is this tree, and how fragrant, and lovely to look upon!", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:5 (Black 1985 p. 62)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-32:6", "chapter": 32, "verse": 6, "original": "ወአውሥአኒ፡ ሩፋኤል፡ ቅዱስ፡ መልአክ፡ ዘምስሌየ፡ ሀሎ፡ ወይቤ፡ ዝውእቱ፡ ዕፀ፡ ጥበብ፡ ዘበልዑ፡ እምኔሁ፡ አቡከ፡ ዘትካት፡ ወእምከ፡ ዘትካት፡ ቅድሜከ፡ ወአእመሩ፡ ጥበበ፡ ወተከሥቱ፡ አዕይንቲሆሙ፡ ወአእመሩ፡ ከመ፡ ዕራቆሙ፡ እሙንቱ፡ ወተሰዱ፡ እምነ፡ ገነት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾawśaʾanī Rufāʾēl qəddus malʾak za-məslēya hallo wa-yəbē; zə-wəʾətu ʿəḍa ṭəbab za-balʿu ʾəmənnehu ʾabuka za-təkat wa-ʾəmməka za-təkat qədmēka wa-ʾaʾmaru ṭəbaba wa-takasətu ʾaʿyəntihomu wa-ʾaʾmaru kama ʿərāqomu ʾəmuntu wa-tasaddu ʾəmənna gannat", "english": "And Raphael, the holy angel who was with me, answered and said: This is the tree of wisdom, from which your ancient father and your ancient mother — those who came before you — ate, and learned wisdom, and their eyes were opened, and they knew that they were naked, and they were driven out of the garden.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "Raphael's identification 'this is the tree of wisdom of which thy father old and thy aged mother ate' — the textual fountainhead of the Second-Temple-Jewish Sophia / Hokhmah tradition's reading of the Gen 3 tree-of-knowledge as the tree-of-wisdom.", "glossary_refs": ["tree-of-wisdom-1-enoch-32-gen-3-sophia-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — primary witness here since Akhmim ends/breaks off mid-verse", "witness_secondary": "Akhmim Panopolitanus 32:6 partial (Black 1985 p. 62 — text breaks off in some recensions during this verse)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-33:1", "chapter": 33, "verse": 1, "original": "ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ ውስተ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወርእኩ፡ ህየ፡ አራዊተ፡ ዐበይተ፡ አሐደ፡ ለአሐዱ፡ ይትሌለዩ፡ ወአዕዋፍኒ፡ ይትሌለዩ፡ በራእይ፡ ወበሕብር፡ ወቃሎሙ፡ ካልእ፡ ለካልእ፡ ዘይትሌለይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku wəsta ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-rəʾku həya ʾarāwita ʿabayta ʾaḥada la-ʾaḥadu yətlēlayu wa-ʾaʿwāfni yətlēlayu ba-rāʾəy wa-ba-ḥəbər wa-qālomu kāləʾ la-kāləʾ za-yətlēlayu", "english": "And from there I went to the ends of the earth, and I saw there great beasts, each differing from the other; and birds also differing from one another in appearance, in color, and in voice.", "reference_english": "And from thence I went to the ends of the earth and saw there great beasts, and each differed from the other; and (I saw) birds also differing in appearance and beauty and voice, the one differing from the other. 2. And to the east of those beasts I saw the ends of the earth whereon the heaven rests, and the portals of the heaven open. 3. And I saw how the stars of heaven come forth, and I counted the portals out of which they proceed, and wrote down all their outlets, of each individual star by itself, according to their number and their names, their courses and their positions, and their times and their months, as Uriel the holy angel who was with me showed me. 4. He showed all things to me and wrote them down for me: also their names he wrote for me, and their laws and their companies.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**Ge'ez-only witness transition.** The Greek Akhmim Panopolitanus breaks off mid-chapter 32. Chapters 33-36 are preserved only in Ge'ez (with fragmentary Aramaic 4Q205/4Q206/4Q207 supplements where they survive). See overlay entry `greek-to-geez-witness-transition-convention-mid-chapter-32`. The closing chapters narrate Enoch's tour of the four corners of the earth and the gates of the sun, moon, stars, and winds — bridging to the Astronomical Book of 1 Enoch 72-82 (Ship B). See central entry `four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus", "greek-to-geez-witness-transition-convention-mid-chapter-32"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978) — primary witness; Akhmim Greek does not preserve chs 33-36", "witness_secondary": "4Q206 1 xxvi sparse fragments (Milik 1976 pp. 230-232)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-33:2", "chapter": 33, "verse": 2, "original": "ወመንገለ፡ ጽባሕ፡ እማንቱ፡ አራዊት፡ ርእኩ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ኀበ፡ ይትዐርፍ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወአናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-mangala ṣəbāḥ ʾəmāntu ʾarāwit rəʾku ʾaṣnāfa mədr ḫaba yətʿarrəf samāy wa-ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtu", "english": "And toward the east of those beasts I saw the ends of the earth, where the heavens come to rest; and the gates of heaven stood open.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-33:3", "chapter": 33, "verse": 3, "original": "ወርእኩ፡ ከመ፡ ይወፅኡ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ከዋክብተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወኆለቅዎሙ፡ ዑርኤል፡ ቅዱስ፡ መልአክ፡ ዘምስሌየ፡ ሀሎ፡ አርአየኒ፡ ኵሉ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ ወኵሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ወመዋዕሊሆሙ፡ ወሰዓታቲሆሙ፡ ወመንገሊሆሙ፡ ወሐሤሣቲሆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-rəʾku kama yəwaḍḍəʾu ʾəmənnehomu kawākəbta samāy wa-ḫolaqəwwomu ʿUrʾēl qəddus malʾak za-məslēya hallo ʾarʾayanī kwəlu manbaromu la-kawākəbt wa-kwəlu səmātihomu wa-mawāʿəlihomu wa-saʿātātihomu wa-mangalihomu wa-ḥaśśēśātihomu", "english": "And I saw how the stars of heaven came out from them, and I numbered them. Uriel, the holy angel who was with me, showed me all the stations of the stars and all their names, their seasons, their hours, their paths, and their courses.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-33:4", "chapter": 33, "verse": 4, "original": "ወጸሐፈ፡ ሊተ፡ ኵሎ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ወዓመታቲሆሙ፡ ወመንግሥቶሙ፡ ወቦአ፡ ወአርአየኒ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኆለቆ፡ ኪያሁ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ṣaḥafa lita kwəlo səmātihomu wa-ʿāmatātihomu wa-mangəśtomu wa-boʾa wa-ʾarʾayanī kwəlu ḫolaqo kiyāhu", "english": "And he wrote down for me all their names, and their years, and their rule; and he went in and showed me the whole counting of it.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-34:1", "chapter": 34, "verse": 1, "original": "ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ሰሜናተ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ ግብረ፡ ዐቢየ፡ ወክቡረ፡ በኵሉ፡ ጽንፈ፡ ኵሉ፡ ምድር፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala samēnāta ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-həya rəʾku gəbra ʿabəya wa-kəbura ba-kwəlu ṣənfa kwəlu mədr", "english": "And from there I went toward the northern ends of the earth, and there I saw a great and glorious work at all the ends of the whole earth.", "reference_english": "And from thence I went towards the north to the ends of the earth, and there I saw a great and glorious device at the ends of the whole earth. 2. And here I saw three portals of heaven open in the heaven: through each of them proceed north winds: when they blow there is cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain. 3. And out of one portal they blow for good: but when they blow through the other two portals, †it is with violence and affliction on the earth, and they blow with violence.†", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-34:2", "chapter": 34, "verse": 2, "original": "ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ በሰማይ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወነፋስ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-həya rəʾku śalastu ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtuta ba-samāy ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-nafās", "english": "And there I saw three gates of heaven open in the sky; through them go forth dew, and rain, and wind.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-34:3", "chapter": 34, "verse": 3, "original": "ወእምነ፡ አሐዱ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ይነፍኅ፡ ለሠናይት፡ ወአመ፡ ይነፍኁ፡ እምነ፡ ካልአን፡ አናቅጽ፡ በጽንዕ፡ ወምክፍልት፡ ይከውን፡ ምድር፡ ወይነፍኁ፡ በዕውሬ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna ʾaḥadu ʾanqəḍ yənaffəḫ la-śannāyt wa-ʾama yənaffəḫu ʾəmənna kāləʾān ʾanāqəḍ ba-ṣənʿ wa-məkfəlt yəkawwən mədr wa-yənaffəḫu ba-ʿəwrē", "english": "And from one of the gates the wind blows for good; but when they blow from the other gates, it is with violence and affliction upon the earth — and they blow with destruction.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-35:1", "chapter": 35, "verse": 1, "original": "ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ዐረብ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወርእኩ፡ ህየ፡ ሠለስተ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ ከመ፡ ርእኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ጽባሕ፡ ህየ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ወመፈጽሞን፡ ካዕበ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala ʿarab ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-rəʾku həya śalasta ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtuta kama rəʾku mangala ṣəbāḥ həya ʾanāqəḍa wa-mafaṣṣəmon kāʿba", "english": "And from there I went toward the western ends of the earth, and there I saw three gates of heaven open, just as I had seen toward the east — gates and outlets equal in number.", "reference_english": "And from thence I went towards the west to the ends of the earth, and saw there three portals of the heaven open such as I had seen in the †east†, the same number of portals, and the same number of outlets.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-36:1", "chapter": 36, "verse": 1, "original": "ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ አዜብ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ምድር፡ ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ ሠለስተ፡ አናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ እምነ፡ መንገለ፡ አዜብ፡ ወእምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወነፋስ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala ʾazēb ʾaṣnāfa mədr wa-həya rəʾku śalasta ʾanāqəḍa samāy kəśtuta ʾəmənna mangala ʾazēb wa-ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-nafās", "english": "And from there I went toward the southern ends of the earth, and there I saw three gates of heaven open from the south; and from them go forth dew, and rain, and wind.", "reference_english": "And from thence I went to the south to the ends of the earth, and saw there three open portals of the heaven: and thence there come dew, rain, †and wind†. 2. And from thence I went to the east to the ends of the heaven, and saw here the three eastern portals of heaven open and small portals above them. 3. Through each of these small portals pass the stars of heaven and run their course to the west on the path which is shown to them. 4. And as often as I saw I blessed always the Lord of Glory, and I continued to bless the Lord of Glory who has wrought great and glorious wonders, to show the greatness of His work to the angels and to spirits and to men, that they might praise His work and all His creation: that they might see the work of His might and praise the great work of His hands and bless Him for ever.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "Enoch's tour of the gates of the winds — the closing cosmic-geography of the Book of the Watchers, bridging to the systematic Astronomical Book (1 En 72-82) which develops the gates-of-the-sun-and-moon framework systematically. See central entry `four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["four-corners-gates-of-heaven-1-enoch-33-36-cosmic-geography-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-36:2", "chapter": 36, "verse": 2, "original": "ወእምህየ፡ ሖርኩ፡ መንገለ፡ ጽባሕተ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ሰማይ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ወህየ፡ ርእኩ፡ አጽናፈ፡ ሰማይ፡ ክሥቱተ፡ መንገለ፡ ጽባሕ፡ ወመጻንሕተ፡ ንኡሳነ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ እለ፡ እምኔሆን፡ ይወፅአ፡ ከዋክብተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወየሐውር፡ መንገለ፡ ዐረብ፡ በፍኖት፡ ዘአርአዮሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmhəya ḥorku mangala ṣəbāḥta ʾaṣnāfa samāy kwəlomu wa-həya rəʾku ʾaṣnāfa samāy kəśtuta mangala ṣəbāḥ wa-maṣānəḥta nəʾusāna lāʿlehu ʾəlla ʾəmənnehon yəwaḍḍəʾa kawākəbta samāy wa-yaḥawwər mangala ʿarab ba-fənot za-ʾarʾayomu", "english": "And from there I went toward the eastern ends of all the heavens, and there I saw the ends of heaven open toward the east, and small openings above it from which the stars of heaven come forth and travel toward the west along the path that has been shown to them.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic and Greek not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-36:3", "chapter": 36, "verse": 3, "original": "ወአመ፡ ይሬእዩ፡ ባረክኩ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘላእምር፡ ባረክዎ፡ ለእግዚአ፡ ስብሐት፡ ዘገብረ፡ ተአምራተ፡ ዐበይተ፡ ከመ፡ ያርእዮሙ፡ ለሰራዊተ፡ መላእክቲሁ፡ ወመናፍስት፡ ወለሰብእ፡ ዕበየ፡ ምግባሩ፡ ከመ፡ ይባርክዎ፡ ግብሮ፡ ኵሉ፡ ግብር፡ ወይሬእዩ፡ ግብረ፡ ኀይሉ፡ ወይባርክዎ፡ ለዕበይ፡ ግብር፡ እደዊሁ፡ ወይባርክዎ፡ ለዓለመ፡ ዓለም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾama yərēʾəyu bārakku kwəlo za-lāʾəmər bārakəwwo la-ʾəgziʾa səbḥat za-gabra taʾāmərāta ʿabayta kama yārʾəyomu la-sarāwita malāʾəktihu wa-manāfəst wa-la-sabəʾ ʿəbaya məgbāru kama yəbārəkəwwo gəbro kwəlu gəbr wa-yərēʾəyu gəbra ḫaylu wa-yəbārəkəwwo la-ʿəbay gəbr ʾədawihu wa-yəbārəkəwwo la-ʿālama ʿālam", "english": "And when I saw these things, I blessed — and always shall bless — the Lord of glory, who has wrought great and glorious wonders, to show forth the greatness of his work to his host of angels and to spirits and to humankind, that they might bless his work, and that all his work might see the work of his power and bless him for the greatness of the work of his hands and bless him forever and ever.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912; Knibb 1978)", "witness_secondary": "4Q205 1 xii sparse closing-fragment (Milik 1976 pp. 220-223) — possibly preserves doxological closing language"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:1", "chapter": 72, "verse": 1, "original": "መጽሐፈ፡ ሑረተ፡ ብርሃናት፡ ሰማይ፡ ኵሉ፡ በበ፡ ዚአሁ፡ ዘከመ፡ ኮኑ፡ በበ፡ ሕገጊሆሙ፡ ወበበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡ ወበበ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ወበበ፡ ምንቅላቲሆሙ፡ ወበበ፡ አውራኂሆሙ፡ ዘአርአየኒ፡ ዑርኤል፡ መልአኩ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዘሀሎ፡ ምስሌየ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ መርሖሙ፡ ኵሉ፡ ጽሕፈቶሙ፡ አርአየኒ፡ ዘከመ፡ ኮነ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ዓመታት፡ ዓለም፡ ወእስከ፡ ለዓለም፡ እስከ፡ ይትገበር፡ ፍጥረት፡ ሐዲስ፡ ዘይነብር፡ ለዓለም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "maṣḥafa ḥurata bərhānāt samāy kwəlu baba ziʾahu zakama konu baba ḥəgagihomu wa-baba gizēhomu wa-baba səmātihomu wa-baba mənqəlātihomu wa-baba ʾawrāḫihomu zaʾarʾayanī ʿUrʾēl malʾaku qəddus zahallo məslēya zawəʾətu marḥomu kwəlu ṣəḥfatomu ʾarʾayanī zakama kona la-kwəlu ʿāmatāt ʿālam wa-ʾəska la-ʿālam ʾəska yətgabbar fəṭrat ḥaddis zayənabbər la-ʿālam", "english": "The book of the courses of the luminaries of heaven, each of them as they are, according to their classes, their times, their names, their origins, and their months, which Uriel, the holy angel who was with me, who is their leader, showed me; he showed me their whole record, how it stands for all the years of the world and forever, until the new creation is made which abides forever.", "reference_english": "The book of the courses of the luminaries of the heaven, the relations of each, according to their classes, their dominion and their seasons, according to their names and places of origin, and according to their months, which Uriel, the holy angel, who was with me, who is their guide, showed me; and he showed me all their laws exactly as they are, and how it is with regard to all the years of the world and unto eternity, till the new creation is accomplished which dureth till eternity. 2. And this is the first law of the luminaries: the luminary the Sun has its rising in the eastern portals of the heaven, and its setting in the western portals of the heaven. 3. And I saw six portals in which the sun rises, and six portals in which the sun sets: and the moon rises and sets in these portals, and the leaders of the stars and those whom they lead: six in the east and six in the west, and all following each other in accurately corresponding order: also many windows to the right and left of these portals. 4. And first there goes forth the great luminary, named the Sun, and his circumference is like the circumference of the heaven, and he is quite filled with illuminating and heating fire. 5. The chariot on which he ascends, the wind drives, and the sun goes down from the heaven and returns through the north in order to reach the east, and is so guided that he comes to the appropriate (lit. ‘that’) portal and shines in the face of the heaven. 6. In this way he rises in the first month in the great portal, which is the fourth [those six portals in the east]. 7. And in that fourth portal from which the sun rises in the first month are twelve window-openings, from which proceed a flame when they are opened in their season. 8. When the sun rises in the heaven, he comes forth through that fourth portal thirty mornings in succession, and sets accurately in the fourth portal in the west of the heaven. 9. And during this period the day becomes daily longer and the night nightly shorter to the thirtieth morning. 10. On that day the day is longer than the night by a ninth part, and the day amounts exactly to ten parts and the night to eight parts. 11. And the sun rises from that fourth portal, and sets in the fourth and returns to the fifth portal of the east thirty mornings, and rises from it and sets in the fifth portal. 12. And then the day becomes longer by †two† parts and amounts to eleven parts, and the night becomes shorter and amounts to seven parts. 13. And it returns to the east and enters into the sixth portal, and rises and sets in the sixth portal one-and-thirty mornings on account of its sign. 14. On that day the day becomes longer than the night, and the day becomes double the night, and the day becomes twelve parts, and the night is shortened and becomes six parts. 15. And the sun mounts up to make the day shorter and the night longer, and the sun returns to the east and enters into the sixth portal, and rises from it and sets thirty mornings. 16. And when thirty mornings are accomplished, the day decreases by exactly one part, and becomes eleven parts, and the night seven. 17. And the sun goes forth from that sixth portal in the west, and goes to the east and rises in the fifth portal for thirty mornings, and sets in the west again in the fifth western portal. 18. On that day the day decreases by †two† parts, and amounts to ten parts and the night to eight parts. 19. And the sun goes forth from that fifth portal and sets in the fifth portal of the west, and rises in the fourth portal for one-and-thirty mornings on account of its sign, and sets in the west. 20. On that day the day is equalized with the night, [and becomes of equal length], and the night amounts to nine parts and the day to nine parts. 21. And the sun rises from that portal and sets in the west, and returns to the east and rises thirty mornings in the third portal and sets in the west in the third portal. 22. And on that day the night becomes longer than the day, and night becomes longer than night, and day shorter than day till the thirtieth morning, and the night amounts exactly to ten parts and the day to eight parts. 23. And the sun rises from that third portal and sets in the third portal in the west and returns to the east, and for thirty mornings rises in the second portal in the east, and in like manner sets in the second portal in the west of the heaven. 24. And on that day the night amounts to eleven parts and the day to seven parts. 25. And the sun rises on that day from that second portal and sets in the west in the second portal, and returns to the east into the first portal for one-and-thirty mornings, and sets in the first portal in the west of the heaven. 26. And on that day the night becomes longer and amounts to the double of the day: and the night amounts exactly to twelve parts and the day to six. 27. And the sun has (therewith) traversed the divisions of his orbit and turns again on those divisions of his orbit, and enters that portal thirty mornings and sets also in the west opposite to it. 28. And on that night has the night decreased in length by a †ninth† part, and the night has become eleven parts and the day seven parts. 29. And the sun has returned and entered into the second portal in the east, and returns on those his divisions of his orbit for thirty mornings, rising and setting. 30. And on that day the night decreases in length, and the night amounts to ten parts and the day to eight. 31. And on that day the sun rises from that portal, and sets in the west, and returns to the east, and rises in the third portal for one-and-thirty mornings, and sets in the west of the heaven. 32. On that day the night decreases and amounts to nine parts, and the day to nine parts, and the night is equal to the day and the year is exactly as to its days three hundred and sixty-four. 33. And the length of the day and of the night, and the shortness of the day and of the night arise—through the course of the sun these distinctions are made (lit. ‘they are separated’). 34. So it comes that its course becomes daily longer, and its course nightly shorter. 35. And this is the law and the course of the sun, and his return as often as he returns sixty times and rises, i.e. the great luminary which is named the sun, for ever and ever. 36. And that which (thus) rises is the great luminary, and is so named according to its appearance, according as the Lord commanded. 37. As he rises, so he sets and decreases not, and rests not, but runs day and night, and his light is sevenfold brighter than that of the moon; but as regards size they are both equal.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The Astronomical Book opens with two foundational framing-moves.** The opening verse of 1 En 72 establishes (i) Uriel as the principal-revealing-angel of the Astronomical Book — the *malʾaku qəddus* 'holy angel' who is *marḥomu* 'their leader' (over the luminaries); and (ii) the eschatological-horizon of the cosmographic-revelation — the 'new creation that abides forever' (fəṭrat ḥaddis zayənabbər la-ʿālam).\n\n**Uriel as cosmic-administrative-angel.** The Ge'ez *marḥomu* ('their leader') establishes Uriel's portfolio in the Astronomical Book as the cosmic-administrative-angel over the luminaries. The role is consistent with the seven-archangel-list at 1 En 20:2 where Uriel is 'over the world and Tartarus'; the Astronomical Book Uriel is the developed-form of the cosmic-administrative-angel-figure that runs through 1 En 21:5 (Uriel as tour-guide to the place-of-judgement for fallen stars), through ch 75 + 79 + 82 (Uriel's calendrical-leadership), into the 4 Ezra Uriel-as-Ezra's-revelatory-angel tradition, and ultimately into the Hekhalot-Merkavah *Sar ha-Olam* 'Prince of the World' cosmic-administrative-angel-figure. See central entries `uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus` and `seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus`.\n\n**The Astronomical Book as a unit.** This verse opens what is — by manuscript-witness — the OLDEST stratum of the 1 Enoch corpus. The Aramaic 4Q208 + 4Q209 fragments (palaeographically dated late 3rd c. BCE per Milik 1976; Tigchelaar-García Martínez DJD XXXVI 2000) predate the Aramaic Book-of-the-Watchers fragments (4Q201/4Q202) and constitute the earliest surviving Enoch material overall. The Astronomical Book has NO Greek witness — the Greek Akhmim Panopolitanus ends mid-ch 32. See central entry `astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry` and overlay entry `astronomical-book-no-greek-witness-aramaic-geez-only-convention`.\n\n**The 'new creation' eschatological-horizon.** The phrase *fəṭrat ḥaddis* 'new creation' anticipates the eschatological-cosmological renewal that becomes one of the most-persistent Second-Temple-period and downstream eschatological frameworks: Isa 65:17 (*hinnĕnî bôrēʾ šāmayim ḥădāšîm wā-ʾāreṣ ḥădāšâ* 'behold, I create new heavens and a new earth'), Isa 66:22 (the new-heavens-and-new-earth standing-forever), Jub 1:29 + 4:26 (the renewal of all the luminaries), 1 En 91:16 (Apocalypse-of-Weeks), and Rev 21:1 (the new heaven and the new earth). The Astronomical-Book opening positions the cosmographic-revelation as *until the new creation* — that is, the present-cosmic-order (which the Astronomical Book describes) is bracketed within a longer eschatological-horizon. The 'new creation' cluster spans the Second-Temple-Jewish-and-NT eschatological framework as a developed-tradition.", "glossary_refs": ["greek-to-geez-witness-transition-convention-mid-chapter-32", "astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry", "uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus", "seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus", "astronomical-book-no-greek-witness-aramaic-geez-only-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 pp. 167-168) — Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. ii preserves only fragmentary parallels here (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 144-146)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic Astronomical Book opening lost in DSS; 4Q209 frag 7 ii has lacunose traces only"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:2", "chapter": 72, "verse": 2, "original": "ወዝ፡ ሕግ፡ ቀዳማዊ፡ ለብርሃናት፡ ብርሃን፡ ፀሐይ፡ ምንቅላቱ፡ በአናቅጸ፡ ሰማይ፡ ምሥራቃውያን፡ ወዐራቢሁ፡ በአናቅጸ፡ ምዕራባውያን፡ ሰማይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zə ḥəg qadāmāwi la-bərhānāt bərhān ḍaḥay mənqəlātu ba-ʾanāqəḍa samāy məśrāqāwəyān wa-ʿarābihu ba-ʾanāqəḍa məʿrābāwəyān samāy", "english": "And this is the first law of the luminaries: the light of the sun has its rising in the eastern gates of heaven, and its setting in the western gates of heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:3", "chapter": 72, "verse": 3, "original": "ወርእኩ፡ ስድስቱ፡ አናቅጸ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወስድስቱ፡ አናቅጸ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ይዐርብ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወወርኅሂ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በውስቴቶሙ፡ ወመራኅያነ፡ ከዋክብት፡ ምስለ፡ መሪሖሙ፡ ስድስቱ፡ በምሥራቅ፡ ወስድስቱ፡ በምዕራብ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ በበ፡ ዚአሁ፡ ተራሕው፡ ድኅረ፡ ካልኡ፡ ወብዙኃንኒ፡ ጠባት፡ በኀበ፡ ካልኦቶሙ፡ በኤምነ፡ ወበፅግመ፡ እማንቱ፡ አናቅጽ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-rəʾku sədəstu ʾanāqəḍa ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ ḍaḥay wa-sədəstu ʾanāqəḍa ʾəmənnehomu yəʿarrəb ḍaḥay wa-warḫəni yəwaḍḍəʾ wa-yəʿarrəb ba-wəstētomu wa-marāḫəyāna kawākəbt məsla marihomu sədəstu ba-məśrāq wa-sədəstu ba-məʿrāb kwəlomu baba ziʾahu tarāḥwə dəḫra kāləʾu wa-bəzuḫāni ṭabāt ba-ḫaba kāləʾotomu ba-ʾēmna wa-ba-ḍəgma ʾəmāntu ʾanāqəḍ", "english": "And I saw six gates through which the sun comes forth, and six gates through which the sun sets; and the moon also rises and sets in those gates, together with the leaders of the stars and those whom they lead: six in the east and six in the west, all of them ranged one after another in their order; and many side-windows are alongside them on the right and on the left of those gates.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. iii preserves trace material parallel to the 12-gate enumeration (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 146-149)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:4", "chapter": 72, "verse": 4, "original": "ወቀዲሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ዐቢይ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ ስሙ፡ በአንቀጽ፡ ራብዕ፡ እምነ፡ ስድስቱ፡ አናቅጽ፡ እማንቱ፡ ቀዳማዊያን፡ ምሥራቃውያን፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-qadimu yəwaḍḍəʾ bərhānu la-ḍaḥay ʿabəy zawəʾətu səmu ba-ʾanqaḍ rābəʿ ʾəmənna sədəstu ʾanāqəḍ ʾəmāntu qadāmāwəyān məśrāqāwəyān", "english": "And first there comes forth the great luminary, whose name is the sun, by the fourth of those six eastern gates.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:5", "chapter": 72, "verse": 5, "original": "ወውስተ፡ ይእቲ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ራብዕት፡ እንተ፡ እምኔሃ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ቀዳማዌ፡ ወርኀ፡ ሀለዉ፡ ዐሠርቱ፡ ወክልኤቱ፡ መሣክው፡ ክሥቱት፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ነበልባል፡ ሶበ፡ ይትረኀዉ፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-wəsta yəʾəti ʾanqaḍ rābəʿt ʾənta ʾəmənnehā yəwaḍḍəʾ ḍaḥay qadāmāwē warḫa hallawu ʿaśartu wa-kəlʾētu masākəw kəśtut ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ nabalbāl soba yətrəḫḫawu baba gizēhomu", "english": "And in that fourth gate from which the sun comes forth in the first month there are twelve windows opened, from which a flame issues whenever they are opened in their seasons.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 iii line 3-5 may preserve fragmentary parallel to 'twelve windows' (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:6", "chapter": 72, "verse": 6, "original": "ወሶበ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ በሰማይ፡ ይወፅእ፡ በይእቲ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ራብዕት፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በከመ፡ ሕገጊሁ፡ በውስተ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ራብዒት፡ እንተ፡ ምዕራብ፡ ሰማይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-soba yəwaḍḍəʾ ḍaḥay ba-samāy yəwaḍḍəʾ ba-yəʾəti ʾanqaḍ rābəʿt śallāsā mawāʿəla wa-yəʿarrəb bakama ḥəgagihu ba-wəsta ʾanqaḍ rābəʿit ʾənta məʿrāb samāy", "english": "When the sun rises in heaven, it comes forth through that fourth gate for thirty days, and sets, according to its law, in the fourth gate of the western heaven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:7", "chapter": 72, "verse": 7, "original": "ወበእማንቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ይነውኅ፡ መዓልት፡ እምነ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይትዌሰክ፡ መዓልት፡ እምነ፡ ሌሊት፡ ዘእንበለ፡ ይብጻሕ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ራብዕተ፡ ይነዊኅ፡ መዓልት፡ ቅሩበ፡ ካዕበ፡ ምስለ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ መዓልት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ ይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-ʾəmāntu mawāʿəl yənawwəḫ maʿālt ʾəmənna lēlit wa-yətwēsak maʿālt ʾəmənna lēlit za-ʾənbala yəbṣāḥ bərhānu la-ḍaḥay ʾanqaḍa rābəʿta yənawiḫ maʿālt qəruba kāʿba məsla lēlit wa-yəkawwən maʿālt ʿaśarta kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-lēlit yəkawwən ʿaśarta kəfālāta", "english": "And in those days the day grows longer than the night, and the day continues to grow longer than the night until the sun's rising reaches the fourth gate. The day approaches twice the night, and the day amounts to twelve parts and the night to ten parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 22-part day-ratio system begins here.** The ratio 12+10 = 22 parts inaugurates one of two parallel day-ratio systems that coexist within 1 En 72 without explicit harmonization. The other system — the 18-part system at the solstice-extremes — appears at vv. 11 + 21 (12+6 = 18 parts). The dual-system situation is one of the most-discussed astronomical-textual-cruxes of the Astronomical Book; the WoH translation preserves both systems verbatim without harmonization, per the source-internal-inconsistency convention. See overlay entry `18-vs-22-part-day-ratio-scholarly-crux-1-enoch-72-7-no-harmonization-convention` and the foundational scholarly treatment in O. Neugebauer *The Astronomical Chapters of the Ethiopic Book of Enoch (72-82)* (1981; reprinted as appendix to Black 1985).", "glossary_refs": ["18-vs-22-part-day-ratio-scholarly-crux-1-enoch-72-7-no-harmonization-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 6 preserves fragmentary day:night ratios (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:8", "chapter": 72, "verse": 8, "original": "ወይወፅእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምይእቲ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ራብዕት፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በራብዒት፡ ወይትገብእ፡ ኀበ፡ ኃምስት፡ አንቀጽ፡ በምሥራቅ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ወይወፅእ፡ እምኔሃ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በኃምስት፡ አንቀጽ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəwaḍḍəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmyəʾəti ʾanqaḍ rābəʿt wa-yəʿarrəb ba-rābəʿit wa-yətgabbəʾ ḫaba ḫāməst ʾanqaḍ ba-məśrāq śallāsā mawāʿəla wa-yəwaḍḍəʾ ʾəmənnehā wa-yəʿarrəb ba-ḫāməst ʾanqaḍ", "english": "And the sun comes forth from that fourth gate and sets in the fourth gate, and it returns to the fifth gate in the east for thirty days, and it comes forth from it and sets in the fifth gate.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:9", "chapter": 72, "verse": 9, "original": "ወአመ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ኃምስት፡ አንቀጽ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ይነውኅ፡ መዓልት፡ ወይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ሠለስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ ዘጠዐ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾama yəwaḍḍəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna ḫāməst ʾanqaḍ śallāsā mawāʿəla yənawwəḫ maʿālt wa-yəkawwən ʿaśarta śallasta kəfālāta wa-lēlit zaṭaʿ kəfālāta", "english": "And when the sun comes forth from the fifth gate for thirty days, the day grows longer, and amounts to thirteen parts, and the night to nine parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:10", "chapter": 72, "verse": 10, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ምሥራቀ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ውስተ፡ ሳድስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይወፅእ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በሳድስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ሠላሳ፡ ወአሐደ፡ መዋዕለ፡ በእንተ፡ ምልክቱ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay məśrāqa wa-yəbawwəʾ wəsta sādəs ʾanqaḍ wa-yəwaḍḍəʾ wa-yəʿarrəb ba-sādəs ʾanqaḍ śallāsā wa-ʾaḥada mawāʿəla ba-ʾənta məlkətu", "english": "And the sun returns to the east and enters the sixth gate, and it comes forth and sets in the sixth gate for thirty-one days, on account of its sign.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:10; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:11", "chapter": 72, "verse": 11, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ መዓልት፡ እምነ፡ ይእቲ፡ ሳድስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ካዕበ፡ ምስለ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ መዓልት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወይከውን፡ ስድስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ maʿālt ʾəmənna yəʾəti sādəs ʾanqaḍ kāʿba məsla lēlit wa-yəkawwən maʿālt ʿaśarta wa-kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-lēlit yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-yəkawwən sədəsta kəfālāta", "english": "And on that day the day becomes twice as long as the night, and the day amounts to twelve parts, and the night is shortened and amounts to six parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:11; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:12", "chapter": 72, "verse": 12, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ውስተ፡ ኃምስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይወፅእ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በኃምስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay wa-yəbawwəʾ wəsta ḫāməs ʾanqaḍ wa-yəwaḍḍəʾ wa-yəʿarrəb ba-ḫāməs ʾanqaḍ śallāsā mawāʿəla", "english": "And the sun returns and enters the fifth gate, and it comes forth and sets in the fifth gate for thirty days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:12; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168) — Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. iii lines 1-3 preserve fragmentary parallel material for the post-solstice descent (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 145-147)", "witness_secondary": "4Q209 frag 7 col. iii (Aramaic): partial — sun's return through gate 5 (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:13", "chapter": 72, "verse": 13, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ መዓልት፡ ወይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ሠለስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ ዘጠዐ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ maʿālt wa-yəkawwən ʿaśarta śallasta kəfālāta wa-lēlit zaṭaʿ kəfālāta", "english": "And the day amounts to thirteen parts and the night to nine parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:13; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:14", "chapter": 72, "verse": 14, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ኃምስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ራብዐ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በራብዕ፡ አንቀጽ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna ḫāməs ʾanqaḍ wa-yəbawwəʾ rābəʿa ʾanqaḍa śallāsā mawāʿəla yəwaḍḍəʾ wa-yəʿarrəb ba-rābəʿ ʾanqaḍ", "english": "And the sun returns from the fifth gate and enters the fourth gate for thirty days; it comes forth and sets in the fourth gate.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:14; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:15", "chapter": 72, "verse": 15, "original": "ወይትዐረዩ፡ መዓልት፡ ምስለ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይትከበቡ፡ ወይከውን፡ መዓልት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወአሐደ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ ይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወአሐደ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətʿarrayu maʿālt məsla lēlit wa-yətkababu wa-yəkawwən maʿālt ʿaśarta wa-ʾaḥada kəfālāta wa-lēlit yəkawwən ʿaśarta wa-ʾaḥada kəfālāta", "english": "And the day becomes equal to the night, and they encompass one another; the day amounts to eleven parts and the night to eleven parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:15; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:16", "chapter": 72, "verse": 16, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ውስተ፡ ሣልስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይወፅእ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በሣልስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ሠላሳ፡ ወአሐደ፡ መዋዕለ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay wa-yəbawwəʾ wəsta śāləs ʾanqaḍ wa-yəwaḍḍəʾ wa-yəʿarrəb ba-śāləs ʾanqaḍ śallāsā wa-ʾaḥada mawāʿəla", "english": "And the sun returns and enters the third gate, and it comes forth and sets in the third gate for thirty-one days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:16; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:17", "chapter": 72, "verse": 17, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ ሌሊት፡ እምነ፡ መዓልት፡ እስከ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ሣልስ፡ ወይከውን፡ ሌሊት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወመዓልት፡ ይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ lēlit ʾəmənna maʿālt ʾəska ʾanqaḍ śāləs wa-yəkawwən lēlit ʿaśarta kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-maʿālt yəkawwən ʿaśarta kəfālāta", "english": "And the night grows longer than the day, until the third gate; the night amounts to twelve parts and the day to ten parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:17; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:18", "chapter": 72, "verse": 18, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ሣልስ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ካልዕተ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna śāləs ʾanqaḍ wa-yəbawwəʾ kāləʿta ʾanqaḍa məśrāq śallāsā mawāʿəla", "english": "And the sun returns from the third gate and enters the second gate in the east for thirty days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:18; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:19", "chapter": 72, "verse": 19, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ሠለስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወመዓልት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወይከውን፡ ዘጠዐ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ lēlit wa-yəkawwən ʿaśarta śallasta kəfālāta wa-maʿālt yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-yəkawwən zaṭaʿ kəfālāta", "english": "And the night grows longer and amounts to thirteen parts, and the day is shortened and amounts to nine parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:19; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:20", "chapter": 72, "verse": 20, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ካልዕት፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ቀዳሚተ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ሠላሳ፡ ወአሐደ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በቀዳሚት፡ አንቀጽ፡ እንተ፡ ምዕራብ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna kāləʿt ʾanqaḍ wa-yəbawwəʾ qadāmita ʾanqaḍa śallāsā wa-ʾaḥada mawāʿəla wa-yəʿarrəb ba-qadāmit ʾanqaḍ ʾənta məʿrāb", "english": "And the sun returns from the second gate and enters the first gate for thirty-one days, and sets in the first gate of the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:20; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:21", "chapter": 72, "verse": 21, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ ካዕበ፡ ምስለ፡ መዓልት፡ ወሌሊት፡ ይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወመዓልት፡ ስድስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ lēlit wa-yəkawwən kāʿba məsla maʿālt wa-lēlit yəkawwən ʿaśarta kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-maʿālt sədəsta kəfālāta", "english": "And the night grows longer and becomes twice as long as the day: the night amounts to twelve parts and the day to six parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:21; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:22", "chapter": 72, "verse": 22, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ቀዳሚት፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ካልዕተ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna qadāmit ʾanqaḍ wa-yəbawwəʾ kāləʿta ʾanqaḍa śallāsā mawāʿəla", "english": "And the sun returns from the first gate and enters the second gate for thirty days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:22; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:23", "chapter": 72, "verse": 23, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ሠለስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወመዓልት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወይከውን፡ ዘጠዐ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ lēlit wa-yəkawwən ʿaśarta śallasta kəfālāta wa-maʿālt yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-yəkawwən zaṭaʿ kəfālāta", "english": "And the night amounts to thirteen parts, and the day is shortened and amounts to nine parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:23; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:24", "chapter": 72, "verse": 24, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ካልዕት፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ሣልስተ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በሣልስት፡ አንቀጽ፡ እንተ፡ ምዕራብ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna kāləʿt ʾanqaḍ wa-yəbawwəʾ śāləsta ʾanqaḍa śallāsā mawāʿəla wa-yəʿarrəb ba-śāləst ʾanqaḍ ʾənta məʿrāb", "english": "And the sun returns from the second gate and enters the third gate for thirty days, and sets in the third gate of the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:24; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:25", "chapter": 72, "verse": 25, "original": "ወበይእቲ፡ ጊዜ፡ ይትዐረዩ፡ መዓልት፡ ምስለ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ ሌሊት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወአሐደ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወመዓልት፡ ይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወአሐደ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-yəʾəti gizē yətʿarrayu maʿālt məsla lēlit wa-yəkawwən lēlit ʿaśarta wa-ʾaḥada kəfālāta wa-maʿālt yəkawwən ʿaśarta wa-ʾaḥada kəfālāta", "english": "And at that time the day becomes equal to the night: the night amounts to eleven parts and the day to eleven parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:25; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 168)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:26", "chapter": 72, "verse": 26, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ እምነ፡ ሣልስት፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወይበውእ፡ ራብዕተ፡ አንቀጸ፡ ሠላሳ፡ ወአሐደ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ወይወፅእ፡ እምኔሃ፡ ወይዐርብ፡ በራብዕ፡ አንቀጽ፡ እንተ፡ ምዕራብ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ ḍaḥay ʾəmənna śāləst ʾanqaḍ wa-yəbawwəʾ rābəʿta ʾanqaḍa śallāsā wa-ʾaḥada mawāʿəla wa-yəwaḍḍəʾ ʾəmənnehā wa-yəʿarrəb ba-rābəʿ ʾanqaḍ ʾənta məʿrāb", "english": "And the sun returns from the third gate and enters the fourth gate for thirty-one days, and comes forth from it and sets in the fourth gate of the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:26; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 pp. 168-169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:27", "chapter": 72, "verse": 27, "original": "ወይነውኅ፡ መዓልት፡ ካዕበ፡ ምስለ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይከውን፡ መዓልት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yənawwəḫ maʿālt kāʿba məsla lēlit wa-yəkawwən maʿālt ʿaśarta kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-lēlit yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-yəkawwən ʿaśarta kəfālāta", "english": "And the day grows longer than the night: the day amounts to twelve parts and the night is shortened and amounts to ten parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:27; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:28", "chapter": 72, "verse": 28, "original": "ወዝ፡ ሕግ፡ ወሑረት፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወግብአቱ፡ ስብዐ፡ እምነ፡ ሙያኖሙ፡ ግብአቱ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zə ḥəg wa-ḥurat la-ḍaḥay wa-gəbʾatu səbʿa ʾəmənna muyānomu gəbʾatu", "english": "This is the law and the course of the sun, and its return — sevenfold it returns from its turnings.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:28; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:29", "chapter": 72, "verse": 29, "original": "ወይትዌሰክ፡ ይእቲ፡ ሙያው፡ ለመዓልት፡ ካዕበ፡ ወትትኄፀጽ፡ ለሌሊት፡ በስድስቱ፡ መንገላት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətwēsak yəʾəti muyāw la-maʿālt kāʿba wa-tətḫēḍaḍ la-lēlit ba-sədəstu mangalāt", "english": "And that turning is added to the day, and the night is shortened, through the six paths.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:29; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:30", "chapter": 72, "verse": 30, "original": "ወትበጽሕ፡ ሙያው፡ ሰማይ፡ መዓልት፡ መዓልት፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወሌሊት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወይከውን፡ ስድስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-təbaṣṣəḥ muyāw samāy maʿālt maʿālt ʿaśarta wa-kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-lēlit yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-yəkawwən sədəsta kəfālāta", "english": "And the turning of heaven reaches its extreme: the day amounts to twelve parts and the night is shortened and amounts to six parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:30; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:31", "chapter": 72, "verse": 31, "original": "ወይትኄፀጽ፡ መዓልት፡ እምነ፡ ሌሊት፡ ወይትገብእ፡ ሌሊት፡ እስከ፡ መንገል፡ ስድስት፡ ወይከውን፡ ዐሠርተ፡ ወክልኤተ፡ ክፋላተ፡ ወመዓልት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወይከውን፡ ስድስተ፡ ክፋላተ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətḫēḍaḍ maʿālt ʾəmənna lēlit wa-yətgabbəʾ lēlit ʾəska mangal sədəst wa-yəkawwən ʿaśarta wa-kəlʾēta kəfālāta wa-maʿālt yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-yəkawwən sədəsta kəfālāta", "english": "And the day is shortened, and the night returns, until the sixth path: the night amounts to twelve parts and the day is shortened and amounts to six parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:31; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:32", "chapter": 72, "verse": 32, "original": "ወእምዘ፡ ይትዌሰክ፡ መዓልት፡ ለመዓልት፡ ወይትዌሰክ፡ ሌሊት፡ ለሌሊት፡ ወይፈጽም፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ ምእት፡ ስድሳ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ መዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmza yətwēsak maʿālt la-maʿālt wa-yətwēsak lēlit la-lēlit wa-yəfaṣṣəm ḫolaqomu baba gizēhu śallastu məʾət sədsā wa-ʾarbāʿtu mawāʿəl", "english": "And from then the day adds to the day, and the night adds to the night; and they complete their count in their seasons — three hundred and sixty-four days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 364-day-year statement — the calendrical-identity-keystone of the Astronomical Book and the broader Qumran-Enochic-Jubilees corpus.** This verse is the explicit-foundational-statement of the 364-day solar calendar: the sun's annual circuit through the twelve gates of heaven completes 364 days. The mathematical-elegance of the 364-day year (52 weeks × 7 days = 364 days; four seasons × 91 days each = 364 days; festival-dates always fall on the same day of the week) is essential to the calendar's appeal and its identity-marker status. The 364-day calendar is the calendrical-identity-keystone of the Qumran community vis-à-vis the proto-Rabbinic / Pharisaic Temple-Establishment lunar-solar tradition.\n\n**Cross-corpus to Jubilees 6:32-38.** The Jubilees parallel polemic at 6:32-38 makes the calendrical-identity-keystone status explicit: 'they will forget the new moons and the times and the sabbaths, and they will make mistakes in all the new months and times and sabbaths ... if they walk in the times of the Gentiles and follow their ways'. The 364-day calendar is presented in Jubilees as the divinely-ordained calendar inscribed in the heavenly-tablets; the proto-Rabbinic lunar calendar is presented as cosmic-disorder and ritual-impurity.\n\n**Cross-corpus to the Qumran calendrical texts.** The Qumran community produced an extensive corpus of calendrical-implementation-texts (4Q319 Otot; 4Q320-4Q321a + 4Q325-4Q330 Mishmarot; 4Q252; 4QMMT B; 11Q5 col 27 'David's Compositions' attributing 364 psalms-per-year to David; CD 16:2-3). The 364-day calendar was a working-calendar of the Qumran community, not merely a theoretical-ideal.\n\n**The 364-day-vs-365.25-day mathematical problem.** The 364-day year is short of the actual tropical year (~365.25 days) by 1.25 days per year; over time, this discrepancy accumulates. Multiple harmonization-strategies have been proposed in scholarship (Glessmer 1999; Beckwith 1996; Stern 2001); the WoH translation preserves the source-text 364-day-year without modernization. See central entry `qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus` and overlay entry `364-day-solar-calendar-rendering-convention`.", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus", "364-day-solar-calendar-rendering-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:32; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169) — Aramaic 4Q209 frag 6 may preserve fragmentary parallel to 364-day total (Drawnel 2011 pp. 222-227)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209: fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:33", "chapter": 72, "verse": 33, "original": "ወይእቲ፡ ናኦተ፡ ሙያው፡ ሙያው፡ ስሉሰ፡ ምእት፡ ስድሳ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ዘውእቱ፡ ኆለቅ፡ ለዓመት፡ ዘሐቅ፡ ናኦተ፡ ምሉእ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəʾəti nāʾota muyāw muyāw sǝlusa məʾət sədsā wa-ʾarbāʿtu mawāʿəl zawəʾətu ḫolaq la-ʿāmat zaḥaqq nāʾota məluʾ", "english": "And this is the measure of the turning of the turnings: three hundred and sixty-four days — this is the count of the true full year.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:33; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:34", "chapter": 72, "verse": 34, "original": "ናኦተ፡ ሙያው፡ ለመዓልት፡ ወለሌሊት፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወንዕሰት፡ ሙያው፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ዘይትዌሰክ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ወዘይትኄፀጽ፡ ብርሃኑ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "nāʾota muyāw la-maʿālt wa-la-lēlit la-ḍaḥay wa-nəʿsat muyāw la-ḍaḥay zayətwēsak bərhānu wa-zayətḫēḍaḍ bərhānu", "english": "Such is the measure of the turning of day and night for the sun; and such is the lesser turning of the sun whose light grows and whose light is diminished.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:34; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:35", "chapter": 72, "verse": 35, "original": "ወዝ፡ ሕግ፡ ወሑረት፡ ለብርሃኑ፡ ለዐቢይ፡ ብርሃን፡ ዘፀሐይ፡ ዘርእኩ፡ ወዘስሙ፡ በበ፡ ሕገጊሁ፡ ኮነ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zə ḥəg wa-ḥurat la-bərhānu la-ʿabəy bərhān za-ḍaḥay zarəʾku wa-zasəmu baba ḥəgagihu kona", "english": "And this is the law and the course of the light of the great luminary, the sun, which I saw, and whose name is according to its laws.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:35; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:36", "chapter": 72, "verse": 36, "original": "ወብርሃኑ፡ ይትዌሰክ፡ ወይትኄፀጽ፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ኵሉ፡ በበ፡ ሕገጊሁ፡ ወሰዓታቲሁ፡ ኵሉ፡ ይትከውን፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-bərhānu yətwēsak wa-yətḫēḍaḍ baba gizēhu kwəlu baba ḥəgagihu wa-saʿātātihu kwəlu yətkawwan", "english": "And its light waxes and wanes each in its season, all according to its laws and its hours; all things come to be.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:36; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-72:37", "chapter": 72, "verse": 37, "original": "ወይእቲ፡ ይእቲ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ዐባይ፡ እንተ፡ ሰብዐ፡ ብርሃና፡ ድልዋ፡ ለወርኅ፡ ብርሃና፡ በዐቢይ፡ ኆለቅ፡ ዘብርሃኑ፡ ይትዐረዩ፡ ሰብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወይትዌቅሕ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለወርኅ፡ ወሰብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ይትፈቀድ፡ ወይከውን፡ ምሉአ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወሰብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ይትፈቀድ፡ ብርሃና፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəʾəti yəʾəti ḍaḥay ʿabay ʾənta sabʿa bərhānā dəlwā la-warḫ bərhānā ba-ʿabəy ḫolaq zabərhānu yətʿarrayu sabʿa məsla bərhānā la-ḍaḥay wa-yətwaḳḳəḥ bərhānā la-warḫ wa-sabʿa məsla bərhānā la-ḍaḥay yətfaqqad wa-yəkawwən məluʾa bərhānā la-ḍaḥay wa-sabʿa məsla bərhānā la-ḍaḥay yətfaqqad bərhānā", "english": "And this is the great sun whose light is sevenfold the moon's; in the great reckoning, its light measured sevenfold against the moon's light, and the moon's light is diminished. Sevenfold against the sun's light is reckoned, and the sun's light becomes full; and sevenfold against the sun's light her light is reckoned.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 7:1 sun:moon luminosity ratio + the corrupted-Ge'ez scribal-repetition.** The verse states the 7:1 sun:moon luminosity ratio that organizes the Astronomical Book's framework of the 'greater luminary' (sun) and 'lesser luminary' (moon) — paralleling the Gen 1:14-19 *meʾōrôt gĕdōlîm / qāṭān* framework. The 7:1 ratio is one of the schematic-ideal-ratios characteristic of the Astronomical Book; it does not correspond to modern-astronomical measurements of solar-vs-lunar luminosity but operates within the source-text-schematic register.\n\n**The Ge'ez of v. 37 is textually difficult.** The repeated phrasing 'sevenfold against the sun's light is reckoned' appears multiple times in the Ge'ez witness — Charles 1912 noted the scribal-repetition as corrupted; Knibb 1978 preserves the Ge'ez verbatim; the modern critical-editions (Nickelsburg-VanderKam 2012 Hermeneia vol 2) document the corruption without proposing definitive emendation. The WoH translation preserves the Ge'ez verbatim per the per-verse layered-witness convention.\n\n**Cross-corpus to Isa 30:26 — the eschatological sun-moon-light-reversal.** Isa 30:26 *wĕ-hāyâ ʾôr ha-lĕbānâ kĕ-ʾôr ha-ḥammâ wĕ-ʾôr ha-ḥammâ yihyeh šiḇʿātayim* 'and the light of the moon shall be as the light of the sun, and the light of the sun shall be sevenfold' — the eschatological-reversal of the natural-cosmic-order where the moon's light becomes equal to the sun's and the sun's light becomes sevenfold its present-state. The Isa 30:26 framework parallels the 1 En 72:37 7:1 ratio but inverts the present-state-ratio into the eschatological-reversal.", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 72:37; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:1", "chapter": 73, "verse": 1, "original": "ወእምድኅረዝ፡ ሕግ፡ ርእኩ፡ ሕገ፡ ካልዕተ፡ ለብርሃን፡ ዘንዑስ፡ ዘስሙ፡ ወርኅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmdəḫrazə ḥəg rəʾku ḥəga kāləʿta la-bərhān zanəʿus zasəmu warḫ", "english": "And after this law I saw another law for the lesser luminary, whose name is the moon.", "reference_english": "And after this law I saw another law dealing with the smaller luminary, which is named the Moon.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic: 4Q208/4Q209 do not preserve a direct parallel to this incipit; lunar tables begin at v. 4ff in the Aramaic stratum (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:2", "chapter": 73, "verse": 2, "original": "ወሰፍሐ፡ ሎቱ፡ ኵሎ፡ ሑረቶ፡ በበ፡ ሕገጊሁ፡ ወብርሃኖ፡ ኆለቆ፡ ለመዋዕሊሁ፡ ኵሉ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-safḥa lotu kwəlo ḥurato baba ḥəgagihu wa-bərhāno ḫolaqo la-mawāʿəlihu kwəlu", "english": "And he set forth for it its whole course according to its laws, and the reckoning of its light for all its days.", "reference_english": "And her circumference is like the circumference of the heaven, and her chariot in which she rides is driven by the wind, and light is given to her in (definite) measure. 3. And her rising and setting change every month: and her days are like the days of the sun, and when her light is uniform (i.e. full) it amounts to the seventh part of the light of the sun. 4. And thus she rises. And her first phase in the east comes forth on the thirtieth morning: and on that day she becomes visible, and constitutes for you the first phase of the moon on the thirtieth day together with the sun in the portal where the sun rises. 5. And the one half of her goes forth by a seventh part, and her whole circumference is empty, without light, with the exception of one-seventh part of it, (and) the fourteenth part of her light. 6. And when she receives one-seventh part of the half of her light, her light amounts to one-seventh part and the half thereof. 7. And she sets with the sun, and when the sun rises the moon rises with him and receives the half of one part of light, and in that night in the beginning of her morning [in the commencement of the lunar day] the moon sets with the sun, and is invisible that night with the fourteen parts and the half of one of them. 8. And she rises on that day with exactly a seventh part, and comes forth and recedes from the rising of the sun, and in her remaining days she becomes bright in the (remaining) thirteen parts.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:3", "chapter": 73, "verse": 3, "original": "ወብርሃኑ፡ ሰብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ይከውን፡ ብርሃና፡ ለወርኅ፡ ወበዐቢይ፡ ኆለቅ፡ ይከውን፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ይትዌቅሕ፡ ምልዕተ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለወርኅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-bərhānu sabʿa məsla bərhānā la-ḍaḥay yəkawwən bərhānā la-warḫ wa-ba-ʿabəy ḫolaq yəkawwən bərhānā la-ḍaḥay yətwaḳḳəḥ məlʿta bərhānā la-warḫ", "english": "And her light is the moon's light, which is sevenfold less than the light of the sun; and in the great reckoning the light of the sun is measured against the full light of the moon.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:4", "chapter": 73, "verse": 4, "original": "וקדמי קומה במדנחא יפק ביום ארבעת עשר וכד יסלק לסיהרא יהוה לתרין שבעין יומין מלי נהורהא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "u-qadmē qōmaha bě-madnāḥāʾ yippōq bě-yōm ʾarbaʿat ʿaśar wě-kad yissalleq lě-sahrāʾ yěhěwēh li-trēn šābūʿīn yōmīn malē něhōrahā", "english": "And in her first phase she rises in the east on the fourteenth day; and when she ascends to her fullness, in two weeks of days her light is full.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Aramaic-PRIMARY witness — 4Q209 frag 7 col. ii.** This verse is preserved in the Aramaic 4Q209 fragment in fuller form than the Ge'ez transmission. The 14-day-waxing + full-moon-at-two-weeks is the foundational lunar-month structure of the Astronomical Book; the Aramaic 4Q208 + 4Q209 fragments preserve a much fuller day-by-day fractional tabulation (the seven-part visible-light grid divided into half-parts, giving a 49-unit-fractional grid for the synodic cycle) that the Ge'ez transmission has heavily abbreviated.\n\nThe witness-fullness-inversion at chs 73-74 (the Aramaic preserves more than the Ge'ez) is unusual within the 1 Enoch corpus and is one of the most-distinctive textual-features of the Astronomical Book. The original Aramaic Astronomical Book was substantially longer than what the Ge'ez preserves — perhaps two or three times the surviving Ge'ez length. See overlay entry `aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention` and the foundational scholarly treatment in H. Drawnel *The Aramaic Astronomical Book (4Q208-4Q211) from Qumran* (Oxford 2011).", "glossary_refs": ["aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention", "astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. ii lines 1-5 preserves traces of the 14-day waxing-to-full cycle (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 144-146; Drawnel 2011 pp. 230-235); Ge'ez parallel preserves the verse complete", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:5", "chapter": 73, "verse": 5, "original": "ወትበጽሕ፡ ብርሃና፡ ላዕሌሃ፡ ለስብዕት፡ ክፍል፡ አሐደ፡ እምነ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ለፀሐይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-təbaṣṣəḥ bərhānā lāʿlēhā la-səbʿət kəfl ʾaḥada ʾəmənna bərhānu la-ḍaḥay", "english": "And her light reaches her by one seventh part out of the light of the sun.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 169)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 frag 1+ may preserve fractional-light tabulation (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:6", "chapter": 73, "verse": 6, "original": "ወበቀዳሚ፡ ዕለታ፡ ይከውን፡ ብርሃና፡ ሰብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ዐሥር፡ ወአርባዕ፡ ክፍላት፡ ወትገብእ፡ ብርሃና፡ በቀዳሚ፡ ዕለታ፡ ብርሃና፡ ሰብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ዐሥር፡ ወአርባዕ፡ ክፍላት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-qadāmi ʿəlatā yəkawwən bərhānā sabʿa məsla ʿaśr wa-ʾarbāʿ kəflāt wa-təgabbəʾ bərhānā ba-qadāmi ʿəlatā bərhānā sabʿa məsla ʿaśr wa-ʾarbāʿ kəflāt", "english": "And on her first day her light is one seventh together with one fourteenth part; and her light returns on her first day — her light is one seventh together with one fourteenth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 1/7 + 1/14 = 3/14 fractional formula for day 1 of the lunar month.** The verse states the lunar-disk-visible-fraction for day 1 of the synodic cycle: one seventh + one fourteenth = 3/14 of the disk visible. The Ge'ez transmission of this verse is acknowledged corrupted (Charles 1912 noted the corruption; conjectures various emendations of the 1/14 × 1/7 fractional formula); the Aramaic 4Q208 stratum preserves a dramatically fuller computational-tabulation for the day-by-day fractional progression across the synodic cycle. The WoH translation preserves the Ge'ez witness verbatim per the per-verse layered-witness convention; the corrupted-state is flagged.", "glossary_refs": ["aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 pp. 169-170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 preserves richer tabulation"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:7", "chapter": 73, "verse": 7, "original": "ወትትባእ፡ ብርሃና፡ በስብዕ፡ ክፍላት፡ ፍጽም፡ ወትበጽሕ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለኬራ፡ ዘምሥራቅ፡ ወትሥረቅ፡ ወትበርህ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-tətbāʾ bərhānā ba-səbʿ kəflāt fəṣṣəm wa-təbaṣṣəḥ bərhānā la-kērā za-məśrāq wa-təśraq wa-təbarrəh", "english": "And her light enters in by seven parts in full, and her light reaches her horn in the east, and she rises and shines.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208/4Q209 lunar tables more detailed (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-73:8", "chapter": 73, "verse": 8, "original": "ወካዕበ፡ ትትዌቅሕ፡ በበ፡ ዕለታ፡ ብርሃና፡ ወይከውን፡ ብርሃና፡ ድልዋ፡ ለፀሐይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-kāʿba tətwaḳḳəḥ baba ʿəlatā bərhānā wa-yəkawwən bərhānā dəlwā la-ḍaḥay", "english": "And again her light is measured out day by day, and her light becomes equal to the sun's.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 73:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 lunar tables preserve fuller parallel material"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:1", "chapter": 74, "verse": 1, "original": "ወካዕበ፡ ሑረታ፡ ካልዕተ፡ አርአየኒ፡ ለወርኅ፡ ወሕገገ፡ ሑረቶሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ሕገገ፡ ለበበ፡ ወርኅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-kāʿba ḥuratā kāləʿta ʾarʾayanī la-warḫ wa-ḥəgaga ḥuratomu kwəlo ḥəgaga laba-warḫ", "english": "And again he showed me another course of the moon, and the laws of their courses — all the laws month by month.", "reference_english": "And I saw another course, a law for her, (and) how according to that law she performs her monthly revolution. 2. And all these Uriel, the holy angel who is the leader of them all, showed to me, and their positions, and I wrote down their positions as he showed them to me, and I wrote down their months as they were, and the appearance of their lights till fifteen days were accomplished.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. iii preserves partial parallel (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:2", "chapter": 74, "verse": 2, "original": "ወኵሉ፡ ሕገጊሆሙ፡ አርአየኒ፡ ኦሪኤል፡ መልአክ፡ ቅዱስ፡ ዘሀሎ፡ ምስሌየ፡ ወከመ፡ ይከውን፡ ለቀዋምቶሙ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ጸሐፍኩ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-kwəlu ḥəgagihomu ʾarʾayanī ʾUrʾēl malʾak qəddus zahallo məslēya wa-kama yəkawwən la-qawāmtomu səmātihomu ṣaḥafku", "english": "And Uriel, the holy angel who was with me, showed me all their laws; and I wrote down their names according to their stations, as they are.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not directly preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:3", "chapter": 74, "verse": 3, "original": "ወጸሐፈ፡ ሊተ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ዘበበ፡ ወርኆሙ፡ ወዘበበ፡ ብርሃኖሙ፡ እስከ፡ ይትፌጸም፡ በበ፡ ዐሥር፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ ዕለታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ṣaḥafa lita manbaromu zababa warḫomu wa-zababa bərhānomu ʾəska yətfēṣam baba ʿaśr wa-ʾarbāʿtu ʿəlatāt", "english": "And he wrote down for me their stations, month by month, and the increase of their light, until it is completed in fourteen days.", "reference_english": "In single seventh parts she accomplishes all her light in the east, and in single seventh parts accomplishes all her darkness in the west. 4. And in certain months she alters her settings, and in certain months she pursues her own peculiar course. 5. In two months the moon sets with the sun: in those two middle portals the third and the fourth. 6. She goes forth for seven days, and turns about and returns again through the portal where the sun rises, and accomplishes all her light: and she recedes from the sun, and in eight days enters the sixth portal from which the sun goes forth. 7. And when the sun goes forth from the fourth portal she goes forth seven days, until she goes forth from the fifth and turns back again in seven days into the fourth portal and accomplishes all her light: and she recedes and enters into the first portal in eight days. 8. And she returns again in seven days into the fourth portal from which the sun goes forth. 9. Thus I saw their position—how the moons rose and the sun set in those days. 10. And if five years are added together the sun has an overplus of thirty days, and all the days which accrue to it for one of those five years, when they are full, amount to 364 days. 11. And the overplus of the sun and of the stars amounts to six days: in 5 years 6 days every year come to 30 days: and the moon falls behind the sun and stars to the number of 30 days. 12. And the sun and the stars bring in all the years exactly, so that they do not advance or delay their position by a single day unto eternity; but complete the years with perfect justice in 364 days. 13. In 3 years there are 1,092 days, and in 5 years 1,820 days, so that in 8 years there are 2,912 days. 14. For the moon alone the days amount in 3 years to 1,062 days, and in 5 years she falls 50 days behind: [i.e. to the sum (of 1,770) there is to be added (1,000 and) 62 days.] 15. And in 5 years there are 1,770 days, so that for the moon the days in 8 years amount to 2,832 days. 16. [For in 8 years she falls behind to the amount of 80 days], all the days she falls behind in 8 years are 80. 17. And the year is accurately completed in conformity with their world-stations and the stations of the sun, which rise from the portals through which it (the sun) rises and sets 30 days.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208/4Q209 tabulations more detailed"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:4", "chapter": 74, "verse": 4, "original": "በስብዐቱ፡ ቀዳምያን፡ መንበራት፡ ለብርሃና፡ ምሉአ፡ ብርሃና፡ ይከውን፡ በበ፡ ስብዕ፡ ምክፋላት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ba-səbʿatu qadāməyān manbarāt la-bərhānā məluʾa bərhānā yəkawwən baba səbʿ məkəfālāt", "english": "In the seven first stations of her light her light becomes full, according to seven parts.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208/4Q209 lunar table day-counts (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:5", "chapter": 74, "verse": 5, "original": "ወይትገብኡ፡ ኪያሁ፡ ስብዐቱ፡ መንበራት፡ ዘስብዐቱ፡ ምክፋላት፡ ለብርሃና፡ በምዕራባት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾu kiyāhu səbʿatu manbarāt zasəbʿatu məkəfālāt la-bərhānā ba-məʿrābāt", "english": "And the seven stations of her light, by seven parts, return again in the western places.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 partial parallel (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:6", "chapter": 74, "verse": 6, "original": "ወእለሰ፡ ቀዋምት፡ ዘይትፈለጡ፡ ላዕለ፡ ኩሎሙ፡ ሕገጊሆሙ፡ በበ፡ ወርኆሙ፡ ወበበ፡ ዓመቶሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəlasa qawāmt zayətfaḷaṭu lāʿla kwəlomu ḥəgagihomu baba warḫomu wa-baba ʿāmatomu", "english": "And the stations are distinguished according to all their laws, month by month and year by year.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:7", "chapter": 74, "verse": 7, "original": "ወያመጽእ፡ ወይትገብእ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ቀዳማዊ፡ መንበር፡ በአንቀጽ፡ ዘይትፈለጥ፡ ሰማንየ፡ ዕለታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yāmaṣṣəʾ wa-yətgabbəʾ la-ḍaḥay qadāmāwi manbar ba-ʾanqaḍ zayətfaḷaṭ samānya ʿəlatāt", "english": "And he brings and returns to the sun its first station through the gate which is separated by eight days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. iii fragmentary (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:8", "chapter": 74, "verse": 8, "original": "ወአናቅጽ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ፀሐይ፡ የሐውር፡ በውስቴቶሙ፡ ለሠላሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ምስለ፡ መራኅት፡ ለበበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾanāqəḍ ʾəmənnehomu yəwaḍḍəʾ ḍaḥay yaḥawwər ba-wəstētomu la-śallāsā mawāʿəla məsla marāḫət laba-gizēhu", "english": "And there are the gates from which the sun comes forth; the sun travels through them for thirty days, together with the leaders, each in its time.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:9", "chapter": 74, "verse": 9, "original": "ותרעיא די מנהון יפק שהרא שתא תרעין הוין מהלכה לשהרא ומן מהלכיהון תוב יתוב", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wě-tarʿayyāʾ dī minhōn yippōq sahrāʾ šittāʾ tarʿīn hāwēn mahălkah lě-sahrāʾ ū-min mahălkayhōn tūb yětūb", "english": "And the gates through which the moon comes forth — there are six gates; they are the moon's course, and from their courses she again returns.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Aramaic-PRIMARY witness.** This verse is preserved in the Aramaic 4Q209 fragment in a fuller form than the Ge'ez transmission preserves elsewhere in ch 74; the WoH translation prefers the Aramaic where preserved per the per-verse layered-witness convention. The six-gates-of-the-moon framework parallels the six-gates-of-the-sun framework of ch 72 (six eastern + six western gates); the lunar gates participate in the same cosmographic-cardinal-gate framework but with the moon's distinct monthly cycle. See central entry `astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry`.", "glossary_refs": ["astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry", "aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 8 preserves partial parallel: 'six gates' for the moon (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:10", "chapter": 74, "verse": 10, "original": "ወእም፡ ሐመሰ፡ ምክፋላተ፡ ዕለታት፡ ዓመተ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ይትፌጸም፡ ሠለስቱ፡ ምእት፡ ስድሳ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ መዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəm-ḥammasa məkəfālāta ʿəlatāt ʿāmata ḍaḥay yətfēṣam śallastu məʾət sədsā wa-ʾarbāʿtu mawāʿəl", "english": "And by the fifth portion of days, the solar year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:10; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 170)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frags 7-8 likely preserve 364-day total (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:11", "chapter": 74, "verse": 11, "original": "ויחסר שנת סיהרא עשרה יומין מן שנת שמשא ויהוה תלת מאה חמשין וארבעה יומין", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wě-yiḥsar šěnat sahrāʾ ʿaśrāh yōmīn min šěnat šimšāʾ wě-yěhěwēh tělāt měʾāh ḥamšīn wě-ʾarbāʿ yōmīn", "english": "And the lunar year falls short of the solar year by ten days, and it amounts to three hundred and fifty-four days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 354-vs-364 day-gap — Aramaic-PRIMARY witness.** This verse explicitly states the 10-day gap between the solar year (364 days) and the lunar year (354 days, that is, 12 × 29.5 = 354 synodic-month-days). The verse is preserved in the Aramaic 4Q209 fragment; the Aramaic preserves the calendrical-gap statement in fuller form than the Ge'ez. The 10-day gap is one of the central mathematical-problems of the Astronomical Book: the solar 364-day calendar (the calendrical-identity-keystone of the Qumran-Enochic-Jubilees corpus) and the lunar 354-day calendar (the proto-Rabbinic / Pharisaic Temple-Establishment framework) accumulate a 10-day-per-year discrepancy that the Astronomical Book preserves without an explicit harmonization-system. See central entry `qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus", "364-day-solar-calendar-rendering-convention"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 7 col. iii preserves trace of '354 days' lunar-year (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 145-148; Drawnel 2011 pp. 252-260)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:11; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 pp. 170-171)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:12", "chapter": 74, "verse": 12, "original": "ወይትገብኡ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወከዋክብት፡ ለማእክለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዓመታት፡ ምስለ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ቅዱም፡ ወይትኀደጉ፡ ዘበጊዜሆሙ፡ አርባዕተ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ዘኢተሐስቡ፡ በኆለቅ፡ ለዓመት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾu ḍaḥay wa-kawākəbt la-māʾəkla kwəlu ʿāmatāt məsla manbaromu qəddum wa-yətḫaddagu zababa gizēhomu ʾarbāʿta mawāʿəla zaʾitaḥasabu ba-ḫolaq la-ʿāmat", "english": "And the sun and the stars return to their former stations in the midst of all the years; and there are left over, in their season, four days which are not counted in the reckoning of the year.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:12; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:13", "chapter": 74, "verse": 13, "original": "ወአርባዕተ፡ ዓመተ፡ ይትፌጸም፡ አሐደ፡ ሺህ፡ ወአርባዕተ፡ ምእተ፡ ሰብዐ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ዓመተ፡ ፀሐይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾarbāʿta ʿāmata yətfēṣam ʾaḥada śiḥ wa-ʾarbāʿta məʾəta sabʿa mawāʿəla ʿāmata ḍaḥay", "english": "And in four years the solar year is completed at one thousand four hundred and seventy days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:13; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171); Aramaic 4Q209 frag 9 may preserve fragmentary '1,460 days' computation (Drawnel 2011)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic: fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:14", "chapter": 74, "verse": 14, "original": "ወአርባዕተ፡ ዓመተ፡ ለወርኅ፡ ይትፌጸም፡ አሐደ፡ ሺህ፡ ወምእተ፡ ስድሳ፡ ወሰላሳ፡ ወክልኤተ፡ መዋዕለ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾarbāʿta ʿāmata la-warḫ yətfēṣam ʾaḥada śiḥ wa-məʾəta sədsā wa-salāsā wa-kəlʾēta mawāʿəla", "english": "And in four years the lunar year is completed at one thousand four hundred and thirty-two days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:14; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragments preserve trace lunar-year multi-year totals (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:15", "chapter": 74, "verse": 15, "original": "ወይትፌጸም፡ ቅያስ፡ በውስተ፡ ሣልስ፡ ዓመት፡ ሠለስቱ፡ ምእት፡ ስድሳ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ወእምነ፡ ወርኅ፡ ይትኄፀጽ፡ ሰላሳ፡ መዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətfēṣam qəyās ba-wəsta śāləs ʿāmat śallastu məʾət sədsā wa-ʾarbāʿtu mawāʿəl wa-ʾəmənna warḫ yətḫēḍaṣ salāsā mawāʿəl", "english": "And the reckoning is completed in the third year at three hundred and sixty-four days; and the moon falls short by thirty days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:15; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragments: traces (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:16", "chapter": 74, "verse": 16, "original": "ወይከውን፡ በሣልስ፡ ዓመት፡ ሠለስቱ፡ ምእት፡ ሰላሳ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ መዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəkawwən ba-śāləs ʿāmat śallastu məʾət salāsā wa-ʾarbāʿtu mawāʿəl", "english": "And in the third year it becomes three hundred and thirty-four days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:16; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-74:17", "chapter": 74, "verse": 17, "original": "ወይትኄፀጽ፡ ዓመተ፡ ወርኅ፡ እምነ፡ ዓመተ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወከዋክብት፡ ናኦቶ፡ ሰላሳ፡ መዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətḫēḍaṣ ʿāmata warḫ ʾəmənna ʿāmata ḍaḥay wa-kawākəbt nāʾoto salāsā mawāʿəl", "english": "And the lunar year falls short of the year of the sun and the stars by the measure of thirty days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 74:17; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragments may preserve summary (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:1", "chapter": 75, "verse": 1, "original": "ወአዕራግ፡ ርእሰ፡ ዕለታት፡ መርሖሙ፡ ዘበዐርብ፡ መንግሥቶሙ፡ ላዕለ፡ ዓለም፡ ላዕለ፡ ስብዓቱ፡ መንበራት፡ ለፀሐይ፡ መርሖሙ፡ ይትኬለልዎሙ፡ ወያስተሣዕልዎሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾaʿrāg rəʾsa ʿəlatāt marḥomu zaba-ʿarb mangəśtomu lāʿla ʿālam lāʿla səbʿātu manbarāt la-ḍaḥay marḥomu yətkēlaləwwomu wa-yāstaśāʿəlwommu", "english": "And the leaders of the heads of the days, whose rule is over the world together with the leaders over the seven stations of the sun — these their leaders encompass and supervise them.", "reference_english": "And the leaders of the heads of the thousands, who are placed over the whole creation and over all the stars, have also to do with the four intercalary days, being inseparable from their office, according to the reckoning of the year, and these render service on the four days which are not reckoned in the reckoning of the year. 2. And owing to them men go wrong therein, for those luminaries truly render service on the world-stations, one in the first portal, one in the third portal of the heaven, one in the fourth portal, and one in the sixth portal, and the exactness of the year is accomplished through its separate three hundred and sixty-four stations. 3. For the signs and the times and the years and the days the angel Uriel showed to me, whom the Lord of glory hath set for ever over all the luminaries of the heaven, in the heaven and in the world, that they should rule on the face of the heaven and be seen on the earth, and be leaders for the day and the night, i.e. the sun, moon, and stars, and all the ministering creatures which make their revolution in all the chariots of the heaven. 4. In like manner twelve doors Uriel showed me, open in the circumference of the sun’s chariot in the heaven, through which the rays of the sun break forth: and from them is warmth diffused over the earth, when they are opened at their appointed seasons. 5. [And for the winds and the spirit of the dew† when they are opened, standing open in the heavens at the ends.] 6. As for the twelve portals in the heaven, at the ends of the earth, out of which go forth the sun, moon, and stars, and all the works of heaven in the east and in the west, 7. There are many windows open to the left and right of them, and one window at its (appointed) season produces warmth, corresponding (as these do) to those doors from which the stars come forth according as He has commanded them, and wherein they set corresponding to their number. 8. And I saw chariots in the heaven, running in the world, above those portals in which revolve the stars that never set. 9. And one is larger than all the rest, and it is that that makes its course through the entire world.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The four season-leaders — the angelic supervisors of the four 91-day quarters.** The Ge'ez *ʾaʿrāg* ('leaders / chiefs') introduces the four season-leaders who supervise the four 91-day quarters of the 364-day solar year. The four are named explicitly at 1 En 82:11-20 (Melkiel, Helemmelek, Meleyal, Narel — see commentary at ch 82). The angelic-administrative-leadership-of-the-seasons is integral to the 364-day-calendar framework. Uriel is the overall cosmic-administrative-angel; the four season-leaders are the next-level subordinates with portfolio over the four 91-day quarters. See central entries `uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus` and `qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus", "qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 25+26 may preserve fragmentary parallel (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:2", "chapter": 75, "verse": 2, "original": "ወእልክቱ፡ አርባዕቱ፡ ዘዐሥርቱ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ይትኬለሉ፡ መርሖሙ፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡ ወይቤለኒ፡ ዑርኤል፡ መልአክ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ መርሖሙ፡ ምክንያቶሙ፡ አርባዕተ፡ ዕለታት፡ ዘይትዌሰክ፡ ኢተሐስቡ፡ በውስተ፡ ኆለቅ፡ ለዓመት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəlləktu ʾarbāʿtu zaʿaśərtu məśrāq yətkēlalu marḥomu baba gizēhomu wa-yəbēlanī ʿUrʾēl malʾak zawəʾətu marḥomu məkənyātomu ʾarbāʿta ʿəlatāt zayətwēsak ʾitaḥasabu ba-wəsta ḫolaq la-ʿāmat", "english": "And those four leaders of the east are surrounded by their leaders in their times; and Uriel, the holy angel who is their leader, said to me: their cause is the four days that are added, that are not counted in the reckoning of the year.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The four epact-days polemic — stated in Uriel's own voice.** This is one of the sharpest polemical-statements of the Astronomical Book. Uriel identifies the cause of the four 'leaders of the east' as the FOUR epact-days that are added (the days that bring the schematic 360-day base year to 364) — the days that 'are not counted in the reckoning of the year' by those who err in the calendar. The polemic targets the proto-Rabbinic / Pharisaic / Temple-Establishment tradition's lunar-solar calendar that does NOT count these four epact-days; the Astronomical Book holds the four epact-days as integral to the 364-day solar year. The polemic is sharpened at v. 3 ('humans err in these — they swiftly go astray concerning them') and continues at chs 82:4-6.\n\nSee central entry `qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus` for the systematic treatment of the 364-day calendar as the calendrical-identity-keystone of the Qumran-Enochic-Jubilees corpus.", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus", "uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:3", "chapter": 75, "verse": 3, "original": "ወይትዐጻዑ፡ በውስቴቶሙ፡ ሰብእ፡ ወይሰሐቱ፡ ኪያሁ፡ ፍጡነ፡ እስመ፡ እልክቱ፡ ብርሃናት፡ የአምሕሩ፡ ጊዜያተ፡ ለዓለም፡ በውስተ፡ መንበረ፡ ዓለም፡ አሐደ፡ በቀዳማይ፡ አንቀጽ፡ ወአሐደ፡ በሣልስ፡ ወአሐደ፡ በራብዕ፡ ወአሐደ፡ በሳድስ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətʿaḍāʿu ba-wəstētomu sabʾ wa-yəsaḥtu kiyāhu fəṭuna ʾəsma ʾəlləktu bərhānāt yāʾəmḥəru gizēyāta la-ʿālam ba-wəsta manbara ʿālam ʾaḥada ba-qadāmāyə ʾanqaḍ wa-ʾaḥada ba-śāləs wa-ʾaḥada ba-rābəʿ wa-ʾaḥada ba-sādəs", "english": "And humans err in these — they swiftly go astray concerning them — for those luminaries truly serve the seasons of the world in the stations of the world: one in the first gate, one in the third, one in the fourth, and one in the sixth.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**'Humans err' — the sharpest polemical statement of the Astronomical Book.** The Ge'ez *wa-yətʿaḍāʿu ba-wəstētomu sabʾ wa-yəsaḥtu kiyāhu fəṭuna* — 'humans err in these — they swiftly go astray concerning them' — names the calendrical-error directly as a human-error. The four epact-days are anchored in the four corner-gates of the sun's annual circuit: gate 1 (winter-solstice), gate 3 (vernal-equinox), gate 4 (summer-solstice), gate 6 (autumnal-equinox). The four 31-day-months at the solstice-and-equinox-junctures provide the four extra epact-days that the polemic targets.\n\nThe polemical-edge of v. 3 is one of the most-distinctive features of the Astronomical Book: the calendrical-difference is framed as a moral-error of humans, not merely a calculational-difference. The framework is shared with Jubilees 6:32-38 (the parallel polemic: 'they will forget the new moons and the times and the sabbaths, and they will make mistakes in all the new months and times and sabbaths').", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:4", "chapter": 75, "verse": 4, "original": "ወይትፌጸም፡ ድካም፡ ለዓመት፡ ፍጹመ፡ በውስተ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ ምእት፡ ስድሳ፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ መንበራት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətfēṣam dəkām la-ʿāmat fəṣṣuma ba-wəsta śallastu məʾət sədsā wa-ʾarbāʿtu manbarāt", "english": "And the whole labor of the year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four stations.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:5", "chapter": 75, "verse": 5, "original": "እስመ፡ ምክንያተ፡ ለዓለም፡ ይትገበሩ፡ ለሕገጊሁ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወለወርኅ፡ ወለከዋክብት፡ ወለኵሉ፡ ሐራ፡ ለዓለም፡ ዘፈጠረ፡ ዘበአስተራኩሞ፡ ይስተራኩሙ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ቀዋምት፡ ለዓለም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾəsma məkənyāta la-ʿālam yətgabbaru la-ḥəgagihu la-ḍaḥay wa-la-warḫ wa-la-kawākəbt wa-la-kwəlu ḥarā la-ʿālam zafaṭara zabaʾəstarākumo yəstarākumu kwəlomu qawāmt la-ʿālam", "english": "For the causes of the world are performed for it according to the laws of the sun and the moon and the stars, and of all the host of the world which he created — that by their conjoined order all the stations of the world might be ordered together.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 171)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:6", "chapter": 75, "verse": 6, "original": "ወእንተ፡ ኮኑ፡ ስብዐቱ፡ መሣክወ፡ ዐበይተ፡ ዘፀሐይ፡ ወወርኅ፡ እምውስቴቱ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ብርሃኖሙ፡ ላዕለ፡ መንበራቲሆሙ፡ ስብዐ፡ ዘይትዐጻዑ፡ መንበራቲሆሙ፡ ወይትገብኡ፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ መሣክወ፡ ለበበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾənta konu səbʿatu masākəwa ʿabayta zaḍaḥay wa-warḫ ʾəmwəstētu yəwaḍḍəʾ bərhānomu lāʿla manbarātihomu səbʿa zayətʿaḍāʿu manbarātihomu wa-yətgabbəʾu kiyāhomu masākəwa laba-gizēhu", "english": "And there are twelve great windows of the sun and the moon, from which their light comes forth upon their stations seven times — those that encompass their stations — and the windows receive them again in their times.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 pp. 171-172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:7", "chapter": 75, "verse": 7, "original": "ወእምድኅረ፡ ኆለቅ፡ ዘስብዐቱ፡ መሣክው፡ ዘፀሐይ፡ ይትገብኡ፡ ለመሥራቅ፡ ወይዐርቡ፡ በውስቴቶሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmdəḫra ḫolaq zasəbʿatu masākəw zaḍaḥay yətgabbəʾu la-maśrāq wa-yəʿarrəbu ba-wəstētomu", "english": "And after the reckoning of the twelve windows of the sun, they return to the east, and through them the sun sets.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:8", "chapter": 75, "verse": 8, "original": "ወእምድኅረ፡ ሕገገዘ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ አርአየኒ፡ ቀዋምቶሙ፡ ኵሎሙ፡ ወዐሥር፡ ወክልኤቱ፡ መንበራቲሆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmdəḫra ḥəgagaza ḫolaqomu la-kawākəbt ʾarʾayanī qawāmtomu kwəlomu wa-ʿaśr wa-kəlʾētu manbarātihomu", "english": "And after these laws — the reckoning of the stars — he showed me all their stations, and their twelve stations.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-75:9", "chapter": 75, "verse": 9, "original": "ወአዕናቅፅ፡ ዘይወፅእ፡ እምውስቴቶሙ፡ ፀዓፋተ፡ መንፈስ፡ ኅሉቅ፡ ይከውን፡ በውስቴቶሙ፡ ኵሉ፡ መንፈስ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾaʿnāqəḍ zayəwaḍḍəʾ ʾəmwəstētomu ḍaʿāfāta manfas ḫəluq yəkawwən ba-wəstētomu kwəlu manfas", "english": "And the gates from which the winds issue — the appointed places of the wind — every wind is in them according to its measure.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 75:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:1", "chapter": 76, "verse": 1, "original": "ובאפי ארעא חזית עשרה ותרין תרעין פתיחין לכל רוחיא דמנהון נפקין רוחיא ונשבין על ארעא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "u-ba-ʾappē ʾarʿāʾ ḥăzēt ʿaśrāh u-tĕrēn tarʿīn pětīḥīn lě-kol rūḥayyāʾ dī minhōn nāpĕqīn rūḥayyāʾ wě-nāšbīn ʿal ʾarʿāʾ", "english": "And at the ends of the earth I saw twelve gates open for all the winds, from which the winds come forth and blow upon the earth.", "reference_english": "And at the ends of the earth I saw twelve portals open to all the quarters (of the heaven), from which the winds go forth and blow over the earth. 2. Three of them are open on the face (i.e. the east) of the heavens, and three in the west, and three on the right (i.e. the south) of the heaven, and three on the left (i.e. the north). 3. And the three first are those of the east, and three are of †the north, and three [after those on the left] of the south†, and three of the west. 4. Through four of these come winds of blessing and prosperity, and from those eight come hurtful winds: when they are sent, they bring destruction on all the earth and on the water upon it, and on all who dwell thereon, and on everything which is in the water and on the land.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The twelve gates and four winds cosmography — Aramaic-PRIMARY witness (4Q210 frag 1 col. ii).** This verse opens 1 En 76's systematic cosmographic-meteorology framework: twelve gates of heaven (three at each of the four cardinal directions) through which the cosmic-winds blow. The framework is one of the most-elaborate cosmographic-systematizations of the Second-Temple-period apocalyptic-literature.\n\nThe framework extends the simpler 1 En 33-36 four-corners-and-gates cosmography (which has gates at the four cardinal-directions without the three-fold sub-division per direction) into a more-systematic 12-gate framework. The framework is paralleled in Zech 6:1-8 (the four chariots + four winds), Dan 7:2 (the four winds of heaven stirring the sea), Rev 7:1 (the four angels at the four corners holding back the four winds), and Sura 41:9-12 (the seven heavens + the cosmic-organization of the cosmos).\n\nSee central entry `twelve-gates-four-winds-cosmography-1-enoch-76-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["twelve-gates-four-winds-cosmography-1-enoch-76-cross-corpus", "astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry"], "witness_primary": "4Q210 frag 1 col. ii lines 16-20 preserves substantial Aramaic parallel (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 162-167; Drawnel 2011 pp. 286-295)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:2", "chapter": 76, "verse": 2, "original": "תלתא אנון במדנח שמיא ותלתא במערב ותלתא בימינא דשמיא ותלתא בשמאלא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "tělātāʾ ʾinnōn bě-madnāḥ šĕmayyāʾ ū-tělātāʾ bě-maʿărāb ū-tělātāʾ bě-yāminā dī-šĕmayyāʾ ū-tělātāʾ bi-śĕmālāʾ", "english": "Three of them are in the east of heaven, and three in the west, and three on the right of heaven, and three on the left.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Aramaic-PRIMARY witness — the 3+3+3+3 cardinal distribution.** The Aramaic uses *yamin* / *semal* ('right / left' = south / north when oriented to the rising sun) — the standard Semitic cardinal-orientation convention where one orients the body to face east (the rising sun). The three-gates-per-cardinal-direction distribution (3 × 4 = 12 total) is the systematic framework that distinguishes 1 En 76 from the earlier four-corners cosmography of 1 En 33-36 (where each cardinal-direction has only one gate). Cross-corpus to Rev 21:13 (the New Jerusalem with three gates per cardinal direction: 3 × 4 = 12 gates total) — the Rev 21 framework directly parallels the 1 En 76 cosmographic systematization.", "glossary_refs": ["twelve-gates-four-winds-cosmography-1-enoch-76-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q210 frag 1 col. ii lines 18-20 (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 p. 167)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:3", "chapter": 76, "verse": 3, "original": "ወቀዳሚሁ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ዘጎ፡ ሰሜን፡ ዘይትለዐል፡ ወዘይከውን፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ መንፈስ፡ ቍር፡ ወአስሐትዮት፡ ወድካም፡ ወአሕማም፡ ወሐዘን፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-qadāmihu ʾəmənnehomu zago samēn zayətlaʿʿal wa-zayəkawwən lāʿlēhu manfas qwər wa-ʾasḥātyot wa-dəkām wa-ʾaḥmām wa-ḥazan", "english": "And the first among them, on the side of the north, which is raised up — there is upon it a wind of cold and hoarfrost, fatigue, sickness, and sorrow.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. ii line 20+ fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:4", "chapter": 76, "verse": 4, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ካዕብቱ፡ ዘበማእክለ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ዘፍሥሓ፡ ወዘጥዕና፡ ወዘጠል፡ ወዘዝናም፡ ወዘስብእ፡ ወዘበረከት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal kāʿbətu zabamāʾəkla yəwaḍḍəʾ zafəśśəḥā wa-zaṭəʿnā wa-zaṭall wa-zazənām wa-zasəbʾ wa-zabarakat", "english": "And from the second gate in the middle there comes forth joy, health, dew, rain, prosperity, and blessing.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved at this verse"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:5", "chapter": 76, "verse": 5, "original": "ወእምነ፡ ካልዕ፡ መንገል፡ ይወፅኡ፡ ንዋማት፡ ወዕርፍት፡ ወምሕረት፡ ወሕይወት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna kāləʿ mangal yəwaḍḍəʾu nəwāmāt wa-ʿərft wa-məḥrat wa-ḥəywat", "english": "And from the other gate there come forth sleep, rest, mercy, and life.", "reference_english": "And the first wind from those portals, called the east wind, comes forth through the first portal which is in the east, inclining towards the south: from it come forth desolation, drought, heat, and destruction. 6. And through the second portal in the middle comes what is fitting, and from it there come rain and fruitfulness and prosperity and dew; and through the third portal which lies toward the north come cold and drought.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:6", "chapter": 76, "verse": 6, "original": "ወእምነ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ሰማይ፡ ዘሠለስቱ፡ አናቅጽ፡ ቀዳማይ፡ ዘይትለዐል፡ ጾታሁ፡ መንገለ፡ ሰሜን፡ እምኔሁ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወአንበጣ፡ ወድካም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna məśrāq samāy zaśallastu ʾanāqəḍ qadāmāyə zayətlaʿʿal ṣotahu mangala samēn ʾəmənnehu yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-ʾanbaṭā wa-dəkām", "english": "And from the three gates of the east of heaven: the first, whose side is raised toward the north — from it come forth dew and rain and locusts and fatigue.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iii preserves partial parallel (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 p. 167)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:7", "chapter": 76, "verse": 7, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ካዕብ፡ ዘበማእክል፡ ዘይወፅእ፡ ብርሃን፡ ወዝናም፡ ወጠል፡ ወሐይል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal kāʿb zabamāʾəkəl zayəwaḍḍəʾ bərhān wa-zənām wa-ṭall wa-ḥayl", "english": "And from the second gate in the middle there come forth light and rain and dew and strength.", "reference_english": "And after these come forth the south winds through three portals: through the first portal of them inclining to the east comes forth a hot wind. 8. And through the middle portal next to it there come forth fragrant smells, and dew and rain, and prosperity and health. 9. And through the third portal lying to the west come forth dew and rain, locusts and desolation.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iii fragmentary (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:8", "chapter": 76, "verse": 8, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ካልዕ፡ ይወፅእ፡ መንፈስ፡ ሞቅ፡ ወድርቅ፡ ወሕማም፡ ወማዕታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal kāləʿ yəwaḍḍəʾ manfas moq wa-dərq wa-ḥəmām wa-māʿtāt", "english": "And from the other gate there comes forth a wind of heat and drought and sickness and deaths.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:9", "chapter": 76, "verse": 9, "original": "ወእምነ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ አናቅጽ፡ ዘበየማን፡ ሰማይ፡ ቀዳማይ፡ ዘጎ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ይወፅእ፡ መንፈስ፡ ሞቅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna śallastu ʾanāqəḍ zaba-yamān samāy qadāmāyə zago məśrāq yəwaḍḍəʾ manfas moq", "english": "And from the three gates on the right of heaven: the first, on the side of the east — from it comes forth a wind of heat.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:10", "chapter": 76, "verse": 10, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ካዕብ፡ ዘጎ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወአንበጣ፡ ወድካም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal kāʿb zago yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-ʾanbaṭā wa-dəkām", "english": "And from the second gate, on its side, there come forth dew and rain and locusts and fatigue.", "reference_english": "And after these the north winds: from the seventh portal in the east come dew and rain, locusts and desolation. 11. And from the middle portal come in a direct direction health and rain and dew and prosperity; and through the third portal in the west come cloud and hoar-frost, and snow and rain, and dew and locusts.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:10; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:11", "chapter": 76, "verse": 11, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ሣልስ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ዘጎ፡ ምዕራብ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወአንበጣ፡ ወድካም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal śāləs yəwaḍḍəʾ zago məʿrāb ṭall wa-zənām wa-ʾanbaṭā wa-dəkām", "english": "And from the third gate, on the side of the west, there come forth dew and rain and locusts and fatigue.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:11; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 172)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:12", "chapter": 76, "verse": 12, "original": "ወእምነ፡ ምዕራብ፡ ሰማይ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ አናቅጽ፡ ቀዳማይ፡ ዘጎ፡ ሰሜን፡ እምኔሁ፡ ይወፅእ፡ ጠል፡ ወዝናም፡ ወጾታ፡ ወማዕታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna məʿrāb samāy śallastu ʾanāqəḍ qadāmāyə zago samēn ʾəmənnehu yəwaḍḍəʾ ṭall wa-zənām wa-ṣotā wa-māʿtāt", "english": "And from the west of heaven, three gates: the first, on the side of the north — from it come forth dew and rain and hoarfrost and deaths.", "reference_english": "And after these [four] are the west winds: through the first portal adjoining the north come forth dew and hoar-frost, and cold and snow and frost. 13. And from the middle portal come forth dew and rain, and prosperity and blessing; and through the last portal which adjoins the south come forth drought and desolation, and burning and destruction. 14. And the twelve portals of the four quarters of the heaven are therewith completed, and all their laws and all their plagues and all their benefactions have I shown to thee, my son Methuselah.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:12; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 pp. 172-173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:13", "chapter": 76, "verse": 13, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ካዕብ፡ ዘበማእክል፡ ይወፅእ፡ ዝናም፡ ወጠል፡ ወሕይወት፡ ወበረከት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal kāʿb zabamāʾəkəl yəwaḍḍəʾ zənām wa-ṭall wa-ḥəywat wa-barakat", "english": "And from the second gate in the middle there come forth rain and dew and life and blessing.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:13; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-76:14", "chapter": 76, "verse": 14, "original": "ወእምነ፡ መንገል፡ ሣልስ፡ ዘጎ፡ ጾታ፡ ይወፅእ፡ መንፈስ፡ ድሙት፡ ወቍር፡ ወድካም፡ ወሐዘን፡ ወዘንቱ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለነፋሳት፡ ዘይነፍሑ፡ ዘይኬልሉ፡ እምነ፡ አርባዕቱ፡ ማእዘን፡ ለሰማይ፡ ኮኑ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəmənna mangal śāləs zago ṣotā yəwaḍḍəʾ manfas dəmut wa-qwər wa-dəkām wa-ḥazan wa-zantu ḫolaqomu la-nafāsāt zayənafāḥu zayəkēlalu ʾəmənna ʾarbāʿtu māʾəzan la-samāy konu ḫolaqomu", "english": "And from the third gate, on the side of the south, there comes forth a wind of silence and cold and fatigue and sorrow. And this is the reckoning of the winds that blow and circle from the four corners of heaven — such is their reckoning.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 76:14; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:1", "chapter": 77, "verse": 1, "original": "וקדמיתא קרין לה מדנחא דהיא קדמיתא ותניתא קרין לה ימינא דבה כפיף ידא דכל חי", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "u-qadmaytāʾ qārēn lāh madnāḥāʾ dī-hīʾ qadmaytāʾ u-tinyāytāʾ qārēn lāh yāminā dī-bāh kāpēp yědāʾ dī-kol ḥay", "english": "And the first they call the east, because it is the first; and the second they call the south, because there the hand of every living thing is bowed down.", "reference_english": "And the first quarter is called the east, because it is the first: and the second, the south, because the Most High will descend there, yea, there in quite a special sense will He who is blessed for ever descend. 2. And the west quarter is named the diminished, because there all the luminaries of the heaven wane and go down. 3. And the fourth quarter, named the north, is divided into three parts: the first of them is for the dwelling of men: and the second contains seas of water, and the abysses and forests and rivers, and darkness and clouds; and the third part contains the garden of righteousness.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "4Q210 frag 1 col. iii lines 1-5 preserves Aramaic of the four-quarter naming + south-as-yamin (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 167-170; Drawnel 2011 pp. 296-300)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:2", "chapter": 77, "verse": 2, "original": "ותליתיתא קרין לה מערבא די תמן עזלין כל נהורי שמיא ותתבון תמן למערב ורביעיתא קרין לה צפונא די בה מסתתרין כל עבדי כרובים ושרפים ובה משכנא דעליא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "u-tělītāytāʾ qārēn lāh maʿarbāʾ dī tammān ʿāzělīn kol něhōrē šěmayyāʾ wě-yātbūn tammān lě-maʿărāb u-rěbīʿāytāʾ qārēn lāh ṣěpōnāʾ dī-bāh mistattěrīn kol ʿōbědē kěrūbīm wě-śěrāpīm u-bāh miškěnāʾ dī-ʿillāʾāʾ", "english": "And the third they call the west, because there all the lights of heaven are gathered in, and they set there toward the west; and the fourth they call the north, because in it are hidden all the works of the Cherubim and the Seraphim, and there is the dwelling-place of the Most High.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**THE NORTH AS DWELLING-PLACE OF THE MOST HIGH — Aramaic-PRIMARY witness (4Q210).** This is one of the most-cosmographically-significant statements in the Astronomical Book: the cosmic-north is the dwelling-place of the Most High. The verse extends the broader Northwest-Semitic + Hebrew Bible north-as-cosmic-mountain tradition that runs through:\n- **Ps 48:3** *yarketê ṣāpôn qiryat melek rāḇ* — Mount Zion 'in the recesses of the north' (the Hebrew tradition transferring Mount Ṣapunu's cosmic-mountain attributes onto Zion).\n- **Isa 14:13** — the proud claim of the Day-Star-son-of-Dawn to ascend to 'the mount of assembly in the recesses of the north' (yarketê ṣāpôn).\n- **Ezek 1:4** — the storm-wind from the north opening the throne-vision.\n- **Ugaritic Mount Ṣapunu** — Baʿlu's cosmic-mountain located geographically at Jebel al-Aqra ~50 km north of Ugarit.\n\nThe 1 En 77:2 statement makes the north-as-divine-dwelling explicit in the Second-Temple-Jewish apocalyptic-cosmographic register. The Cherubim and Seraphim — the angelic-throne-attendant orders (Ezek 1 + Isa 6) — are located in the cosmic-north as the throne-vision-tradition cosmographic-locale. See central entry `north-as-dwelling-of-most-high-1-enoch-77-2-ps-48-2-zaphon-cross-corpus` and the bidirectional-extension of `mount-sapunu-tsafon-cosmic-mountain-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bible`.", "glossary_refs": ["north-as-dwelling-of-most-high-1-enoch-77-2-ps-48-2-zaphon-cross-corpus", "mount-sapunu-tsafon-cosmic-mountain-cross-corpus-ugaritic-hebrew-bible", "astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iii lines 4-7 (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 168-170)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:3", "chapter": 77, "verse": 3, "original": "ወአፍላገ፡ ምድር፡ ሠለስቱ፡ እማንቱ፡ ቀዳማይት፡ መንገለ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ወካዕብት፡ መንገለ፡ ጾታ፡ ወሣልስት፡ መንገለ፡ ምዕራብ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾaflāga mədr śallastu ʾəmāntu qadāmāyət mangala məśrāq wa-kāʿbət mangala ṣotā wa-śāləst mangala məʿrāb", "english": "And the regions of the earth are three: the first toward the east, and the second toward the south, and the third toward the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iii lines 7-9 partial (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 p. 170)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:4", "chapter": 77, "verse": 4, "original": "וחזית שבעה טורין רברבין מן כל טוריא די בארעא מנהון נפק תליגא ויומיא ועדניא ושניא יחלפון", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "u-ḥăzēt šibʿāh ṭūrīn rabrěbīn min kol ṭūrayyāʾ dī bě-ʾarʿāʾ minhōn nāpēq taligāʾ wě-yōmayyāʾ wě-ʿiddānayyāʾ wě-šinnayyāʾ yāḥalpōn", "english": "And I saw seven great mountains, greater than all the mountains that are upon the earth; from them come forth snow, and the days and the seasons and the years pass by.", "reference_english": "I saw seven high mountains, higher than all the mountains which are on the earth: and thence comes forth hoar-frost, and days, seasons, and years pass away. 5. I saw seven rivers on the earth larger than all the rivers: one of them coming from the †west† pours its waters into the Great Sea. 6. And these two come from the north to the sea and pour their waters into the Erythraean Sea in the east. 7. And the remaining four come forth on the side of the north to their own sea, 〈two of them to〉 the Erythraean Sea, and two into the Great Sea and discharge themselves there [and some say: into the desert]. 8. Seven great islands I saw in the sea and in the mainland: two in the mainland and five in the Great Sea.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The seven mountains — Aramaic-PRIMARY witness (4Q210).** The seven-mountains cosmography here extends the seven-mountains cluster of 1 En 18:6-9 + 24:1-25:7 (the cosmic-mountains-of-precious-stones with the central seventh-mountain as the throne-of-glory site) into the broader cosmographic-treatise of ch 77. The seven-mountains framework is one of the most-systematic apocalyptic-cosmographic extensions of the Northwest-Semitic single-cosmic-mountain tradition (Mount Ṣapunu / Mount Zion / Mount Sinai) into the structured-seven-fold-enumeration register.\n\nSee central entry `seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus` (extended in this Editor pass to include ENO-WOH-77:4-5).", "glossary_refs": ["seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "4Q210 frag 1 col. iii lines 10-13 preserves 'seven great mountains' (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 167-170; Drawnel 2011 pp. 300-305)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:5", "chapter": 77, "verse": 5, "original": "ושבעה נהרין רברבין חזית מן כל נהריא קדמיא מנהון רבא דאקרי גיחון ותנינא דקלת ותליתיא פרת", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "u-šibʿāh nahărīn rabrěbīn ḥăzēt min kol nahărayyāʾ qadmāyāʾ minhōn rabbāʾ dī-ʾiqrē Gēḥōn u-tinyānāʾ Diqlat u-tělītāyāʾ Pěrāt", "english": "And I saw seven great rivers, greater than all the rivers — the first of them, the great one called Gihon; and the second, the Tigris; and the third, the Euphrates.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The seven rivers — Aramaic-PRIMARY witness (4Q210); cross-corpus to Gen 2:10-14 Eden-rivers.** The seven-rivers framework extends Gen 2:10-14's four Eden-rivers (Pishon, Gihon, Hiddekel/Tigris, Euphrates) into a structured-seven-fold-enumeration. The first three rivers — Gihon, Tigris, Euphrates — are three of the four Gen 2:10-14 Eden-rivers; the fourth Eden-river (Pishon) is absent in the 1 En 77:5 explicit enumeration but is likely among the remaining four rivers named at v. 6 (the Ge'ez of v. 6 has corrupted name-forms — possibly Harmon/Harahot and the Nile). The seven-rivers framework is the cosmographic-apocalyptic extension of the Eden-rivers tradition into the Astronomical-Book cosmographic register.", "glossary_refs": ["seven-mountains-of-god-1-enoch-18-24-cosmic-mountain-cluster-extension-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iii lines 13-15 partial — preserves names of rivers (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:6", "chapter": 77, "verse": 6, "original": "ወካልዓኖሙ፡ ምዕራብ፡ ሐራሞን፡ ወካልዕ፡ ኖሉ፡ ወዘ፡ ይትበሀል፡ ጊሐን፡ ወውስተ፡ ምድረ፡ ግብጽ፡ ይነግሥ፡ ወይነግሥ፡ እምነ፡ መንግሥት፡ ለመንግሥት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-kāləʿānomu məʿrāb ḥarāmon wa-kāləʿ Nolu wa-zə yətbahal Gīḥan wa-wəsta mədra Gəbṣ yənaggəś wa-yənaggəś ʾəmənna mangəśt la-mangəśt", "english": "And the rest of them go toward the west — the Harmon, and another, the Nile, and that one called the Gihan; and it flows in the land of Egypt, and it goes on from kingdom to kingdom.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iii fragmentary (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:7", "chapter": 77, "verse": 7, "original": "ወሰብዐ፡ አዕያት፡ ዐበይተ፡ ርእኩ፡ ዐበይተ፡ እምነ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘውስተ፡ ምድር፡ ቀዳማይ፡ በባሕር፡ ዘሰሜን፡ ወካልዕ፡ በባሕር፡ ዘምዕራብ፡ ወሣልስ፡ በባሕር፡ ዘይትበሀል፡ ኤሪትራ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-sabʿa ʾaʿyāt ʿabayta rəʾku ʿabayta ʾəmənna kwəlu zawəsta mədr qadāmāyə ba-bāḥr zasamēn wa-kāləʿ ba-bāḥr zaməʿrāb wa-śāləs ba-bāḥr zayətbahal ʾĒritrā", "english": "And I saw seven great islands, greater than all that are in the earth: the first in the northern sea, the second in the western sea, and the third in the sea which is called Erythraean.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:8", "chapter": 77, "verse": 8, "original": "ወዘስብእ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለሐይኮት፡ ስብእ፡ መንበራቶሙ፡ ለዕለታት፡ ወአሐደ፡ መንበር፡ ዐባዪ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ ይሰምይ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ለኪሩቤል፡ ኅዱረ፡ ዘይነብር፡ ዐርእስት፡ ዘይኬልሉ፡ ለመንበራቲሁ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zasəbʾ ḫolaqomu la-ḥaykot səbʾ manbarātomu la-ʿəlatāt wa-ʾaḥada manbar ʿabāyə lāʿlēhu yəsammə manbaromu la-Kirubēl ḫədura zayənabbər ʿarʾəst zayəkēlalu la-manbarātihu", "english": "And the seventh of them, the reckoning of the days has their stations; and one great station upon it is called the dwelling-place of the Cherubim, who abide as chiefs that encompass his stations.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-77:9", "chapter": 77, "verse": 9, "original": "ወሰብዐ፡ አዕያት፡ ዐበይተ፡ ርእኩ፡ ዘመሐልዮ፡ ኮኑ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ መንገለ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ወክልኤቱ፡ መንገለ፡ ጾታ፡ ወክልኤቱ፡ መንገለ፡ ምዕራብ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-sabʿa ʾaʿyāt ʿabayta rəʾku zamaḥalyo konu śallastu mangala məśrāq wa-kəlʾētu mangala ṣotā wa-kəlʾētu mangala məʿrāb", "english": "And I saw seven great islands which were apportioned: three toward the east, and two toward the south, and two toward the west.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 77:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 173)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:1", "chapter": 78, "verse": 1, "original": "ወስማቲሆሙ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ እሉ፡ ቀዳማይ፡ ኦርያረስ፡ ካልዕ፡ ቶሞስ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-səmātihomu la-ḍaḥay ʾəllu qadāmāyə ʾOryāras kāləʿ Tomos", "english": "And the names of the sun are these: the first, Oryares; the second, Tomos.", "reference_english": "And the names of the sun are the following: the first Orjârês, and the second Tômâs. 2. And the moon has four names: the first name is Asônjâ, the second Eblâ, the third Benâsê, and the fourth Erâe. 3. These are the two great luminaries: their circumference is like the circumference of the heaven, and the size of the circumference of both is alike. 4. In the circumference of the sun there are seven portions of light which are added to it more than to the moon, and in definite measures it is transferred till the seventh portion of the sun is exhausted. 5. And they set and enter the portals of the west, and make their revolution by the north, and come forth through the eastern portals on the face of the heaven. 6. And when the moon rises one-fourteenth part appears in the heaven: [the light becomes full in her]: on the fourteenth day she accomplishes her light. 7. And fifteen parts of light are transferred to her till the fifteenth day (when) her light is accomplished, according to the sign of the year, and she becomes fifteen parts, and the moon grows by (the addition of) fourteenth parts. 8. And in her waning (the moon) decreases on the first day to fourteen parts of her light, on the second to thirteen parts of light, on the third to twelve, on the fourth to eleven, on the fifth to ten, on the sixth to nine, on the seventh to eight, on the eighth to seven, on the ninth to six, on the tenth to five, on the eleventh to four, on the twelfth to three, on the thirteenth to two, on the fourteenth to the half of a seventh, and all her remaining light disappears wholly on the fifteenth. 9. And in certain months the month has twenty-nine days and once twenty-eight. 10. And Uriel showed me another law: when light is transferred to the moon, and on which side it is transferred to her by the sun. 11. During all the period during which the moon is growing in her light, she is transferring it to herself when opposite to the sun during fourteen days [her light is accomplished in the heaven], and when she is illumined throughout, her light is accomplished full in the heaven. 12. And on the first day she is called the new moon, for on that day the light rises upon her. 13. She becomes full moon exactly on the day when the sun sets in the west, and from the east she rises at night, and the moon shines the whole night through till the sun rises over against her and the moon is seen over against the sun. 14. On the side whence the light of the moon comes forth, there again she wanes till all the light vanishes and all the days of the month are at an end, and her circumference is empty, void of light. 15. And three months she makes of thirty days, and at her time she makes three months of twenty-nine days each, in which she accomplishes her waning in the first period of time, and in the first portal for one hundred and seventy-seven days. 16. And in the time of her going out she appears for three months (of) thirty days each, and for three months she appears (of) twenty-nine each. 17. At night she appears like a man for twenty days each time, and by day she appears like the heaven, and there is nothing else in her save her light.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The corrupted Ge'ez sun-names — preserved verbatim without emendation.** The Ge'ez tradition has preserved sun-names ('Oryares', 'Tomos') in unrecognizable-corrupted forms that do not correspond to known Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek astronomical-naming-systems. Multiple speculative reconstructions have been proposed: Charles 1912 conjectured *Oryares* < *ʾōr-yāreaḥ* ('light of the moon' — sun/moon-pair context corruption) and *Tomos* < Aramaic *Tammūz* (the Mesopotamian solar-deity-name); Neugebauer 1981 proposed Greek-loanword readings (*ouranos* + *chōmos*). None of the proposed reconstructions has achieved scholarly consensus.\n\nThe WoH translation preserves the corrupted Ge'ez forms verbatim without proposing emendations, per the overlay convention `corrupted-geez-sun-moon-names-78-1-2-preserve-verbatim-no-emendation-convention`. The corrupted-names are part of the source-text-historical-witness situation; emendation would require speculation about lost-original-forms that current scholarship does not warrant.", "glossary_refs": ["corrupted-geez-sun-moon-names-78-1-2-preserve-verbatim-no-emendation-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 not preserved for this verse; conjectured Aramaic original names"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:2", "chapter": 78, "verse": 2, "original": "ወወርኅሰ፡ አርባዕቱ፡ ስማቲሁ፡ ቀዳማይ፡ አሰናያ፡ ወካልዕ፡ አበል፡ ወሣልስ፡ በናሴ፡ ወራብዕ፡ ኤራዔ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-warḫəsa ʾarbāʿtu səmātihu qadāmāyə ʾAsanāyā wa-kāləʿ ʾAbal wa-śāləs Banāsē wa-rābəʿ ʾĒraʾē", "english": "And the moon has four names: the first, Asanaya; the second, Abal; the third, Banase; the fourth, Erae.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The corrupted Ge'ez moon-names — preserved verbatim without emendation.** The Ge'ez moon-names (Asanaya, Abal, Banase, Erae) are similarly preserved in unrecognizable-corrupted forms. The four-fold structure likely corresponds to the four lunar phase-quarters (new-moon, first-quarter, full-moon, last-quarter) but the specific names do not correspond to known Hebrew or Aramaic lunar-phase vocabulary. The WoH translation preserves the corrupted Ge'ez forms verbatim per the overlay convention.", "glossary_refs": ["corrupted-geez-sun-moon-names-78-1-2-preserve-verbatim-no-emendation-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:3", "chapter": 78, "verse": 3, "original": "እሉ፡ ክልኤቱ፡ ብርሃናት፡ ዐበይት፡ ዘክብ፡ ዘክብ፡ ብርሃኖሙ፡ ዐቢይ፡ ለበበ፡ ግድፋቶሙ፡ ይከውን፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾəllu kəlʾētu bərhānāt ʿabayt zakəb zakəb bərhānomu ʿabəy laba-gədəfātomu yəkawwən", "english": "These are the two great luminaries; their orb is equal, and their light, great according to its measure, is set in each.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:4", "chapter": 78, "verse": 4, "original": "ወበኪራ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ስብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ለወርኅ፡ ይትዌቅሕ፡ እስከ፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ስብዐ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-kīrā la-ḍaḥay səbʿa məsla bərhānu la-warḫ yətwaḳḳəḥ ʾəska yaḥaḍḍəḍ məsla bərhānā la-ḍaḥay səbʿa", "english": "And the sun's orb is sevenfold the moon's light when measured against it, until it diminishes against the sun's light by a seventh.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:5", "chapter": 78, "verse": 5, "original": "በበ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ስብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ይትዐጻዕ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለወርኅ፡ ሕገገ፡ ለዘይነውኅ፡ ብርሃና፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "baba la-ḍaḥay səbʿa məsla bərhānu la-ḍaḥay yətʿaḍāʿ bərhānā la-warḫ ḥəgaga la-zayənawwəḫ bərhānā", "english": "By the sun, sevenfold against the sun's light, the moon's light is fixed — the law of her light's lengthening.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frags 7-8 preserves trace fractional-light tabulation (Drawnel 2011 pp. 240-250)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:6", "chapter": 78, "verse": 6, "original": "ወበቀዳሚት፡ ዕለታ፡ ይከውን፡ ምዕር፡ ስብዐ፡ ምክፋላት፡ ኮኖ፡ አሐደ፡ ለብርሃኑ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወብርሃና፡ የሐጽጽ፡ እምነ፡ ዘኮነ፡ በዘ፡ ቀዳሚት፡ ዕለታ፡ ስብዐ፡ ምክፋላት፡ ስብዐ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-qadāmit ʿəlatā yəkawwən məʿr səbʿa məkfālāt kono ʾaḥada la-bərhānu la-ḍaḥay wa-bərhānā yaḥaḍḍəḍ ʾəmənna zakona baza qadāmit ʿəlatā səbʿa məkfālāt səbʿa", "english": "And on her first day her light becomes a measure — by seven parts, one of the sun's light becomes hers; and her light diminishes from what was of the first day: seven parts of seven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The 7×7 = 49-unit lunar-disk-fraction grid — Aramaic-fuller-than-Ge'ez.** The verse fragmentarily preserves the seven-part-of-seven-parts (= 49-unit) lunar-disk-fraction framework that underlies the Astronomical Book's lunar tables. The Aramaic 4Q208 + 4Q209 DSS fragments preserve the full day-by-day 49-unit moonlight grid for the 14-day waxing + 14-day waning synodic cycle; the Ge'ez compresses to ~5× shorter summary statements. The witness-fullness inversion (Aramaic preserves more than Ge'ez) is one of the most-distinctive textual-features of the Astronomical Book. See overlay entry `aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention` and the foundational scholarly treatment in Drawnel 2011.", "glossary_refs": ["aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 frag 1 / 4Q209 frag 7 col. i lines 1-10 preserves Aramaic of the daily 49-unit fractional tabulation (Drawnel 2011 pp. 217-240 — THIS IS THE MOST DRAMATIC ARAMAIC-VS-GE'EZ EXPANSION)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:7", "chapter": 78, "verse": 7, "original": "ወትገብእ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለሁስስ፡ በምዕር፡ በዕለታ፡ ስብዐ፡ ምክፋላት፡ ስብዐ፡ ለቀዳማይ፡ ብርሃና፡ ይከውን፡ ካልዕተ፡ ምሉአ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-təgabbəʾ bərhānā la-husas ba-məʿr ba-ʿəlatā səbʿa məkfālāt səbʿa la-qadāmāyə bərhānā yəkawwən kāləʿta məluʾa", "english": "And her light returns by a measure: in her day, by seven parts of seven, of her first light, it becomes a second full measure.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:8", "chapter": 78, "verse": 8, "original": "ወትከውን፡ ጊዜ፡ መካን፡ ስቱረ፡ ምዕር፡ ምክፋላት፡ ስብዐ፡ ምስለ፡ ኵሉ፡ ለቀዳማይ፡ ብርሃና፡ ስብዐ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-təkawwən gizē makān sətura məʿr məkfālāt səbʿa məsla kwəlu la-qadāmāyə bərhānā səbʿa", "english": "And there comes a time, a hidden place, a measure: seven parts together with all — for her first light, seven.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:9", "chapter": 78, "verse": 9, "original": "ወትገብእ፡ ብርሃና፡ በስብዐቱ፡ ምክፋላት፡ ይትገብእ፡ እምነ፡ ምልዕተ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለመጥፋዕት፡ በበ፡ ስብዐቱ፡ መዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-təgabbəʾ bərhānā ba-səbʿatu məkfālāt yətgabbəʾ ʾəmənna məlʿta bərhānā la-maṭfāʿt baba səbʿatu mawāʿəl", "english": "And her light returns by seven parts; it returns from her full light to extinction in seven days at a time.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:10", "chapter": 78, "verse": 10, "original": "ወበዕለታት፡ እኩያን፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ብርሃና፡ በበ፡ ዕለታ፡ እምነ፡ ዐሥር፡ ወአርባዕቱ፡ ዕለታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-ʿəlatāt ʾəkuyān yaḥaḍḍəḍ bərhānā baba ʿəlatā ʾəmənna ʿaśr wa-ʾarbāʿtu ʿəlatāt", "english": "And in the bad days her light diminishes day by day across the fourteen days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:10; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:11", "chapter": 78, "verse": 11, "original": "ወበዕለታት፡ ሠናያት፡ ዕለታት፡ ምሉእ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለወርኅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-ʿəlatāt śannāyāt ʿəlatāt məluʾ bərhānā la-warḫ", "english": "And in the good days, the days of the moon's full light.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:11; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q208 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:12", "chapter": 78, "verse": 12, "original": "ወሶበ፡ ይትጽህፍ፡ ሎቱ፡ መንበሩ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ መንገለ፡ ምዕራብ፡ ይትገብእ፡ ለመንበረ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ቅድመ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ በመዋዕለ፡ ስልሳ፡ ዕለታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-soba yətṣəḥf lotu manbaru la-ḍaḥay mangala məʿrāb yətgabbəʾ la-manbara bərhānu la-ḍaḥay qədma məśrāq ba-mawāʿəla səlsā ʿəlatāt", "english": "And when the sun's station is written down toward the west, it returns to the station of the sun's light in the east at the appointed time of sixty days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:12; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 8 fragmentary (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:13", "chapter": 78, "verse": 13, "original": "ወይትገብእ፡ ብርሃና፡ ለወርኅ፡ ምዕር፡ ምልዕተ፡ በምሥራቅ፡ በዘ፡ ዕለታ፡ ቀዳማይ፡ ለስብአ፡ ስብአ፡ ምዕር፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətgabbəʾ bərhānā la-warḫ məʿr məlʿta ba-məśrāq baza ʿəlatā qadāmāyə la-səbʾa səbʾa məʿr", "english": "And the moon's light returns to a full measure in the east, on her first day, by seven by seven measures.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:13; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:14", "chapter": 78, "verse": 14, "original": "ወበበ፡ መዋዕል፡ ዘሥሉስ፡ ይከውን፡ ናዕታ፡ ስልሳ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ዘይትፌጸም፡ ለዐሥር፡ ምንታት፡ ለወርኅ፡ ወክልኤቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ይትኄፀጽ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-baba mawāʿəl zaśəlus yəkawwən nāʿtā səlsā mawāʿəla la-ḍaḥay zayətfēṣam la-ʿaśr məntat la-warḫ wa-kəlʾētu mawāʿəl yətḫēḍaṣ", "english": "And in the third-year reckoning her measure for the sun is sixty days, which is completed by ten parts for the moon, and two days are shortened.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:14; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:15", "chapter": 78, "verse": 15, "original": "ወወርኅ፡ ያመጽእ፡ ሕገገ፡ መዋዕለ፡ ለመዓልታት፡ ሠላሳ፡ ወባሕቱ፡ ይትኄፀጽ፡ ይከውን፡ መዓልታት፡ ኃያን፡ ወሐኪ፡ ወአልቦ፡ ብርሃን፡ ምሉእ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-warḫ yāmaṣṣəʾ ḥəgaga mawāʿəla la-maʿāltāt śallāsā wa-bāḥtu yətḫēḍaṣ yəkawwən maʿāltāt ḫāyān wa-ḥakk wa-ʾalbo bərhān məluʾ", "english": "And the moon brings the law of its days for thirty days; but it falls short, and the days become hollow and lacking, with no full light.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:15; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:16", "chapter": 78, "verse": 16, "original": "ወሐምሳ፡ ስድስቱ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ መዋዕል፡ ለስብአ፡ መዋዕል፡ መትግባእቱ፡ ለወርኅ፡ ምልዕተ፡ ብርሃና፡ ዘሐሳቡ፡ ኮነ፡ ለ፪፻፷፪ ዕለታት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ḥamsā sədəstu manbaromu mawāʿəl la-səbʾa mawāʿəl matgəbāʾətu la-warḫ məlʿta bərhānā zaḥasāb kona la-262 ʿəlatāt", "english": "And fifty-six are their stations of days for the seven-day reckoning of the moon's restoration to her full light, whose reckoning is two hundred and sixty-two days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:16; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-78:17", "chapter": 78, "verse": 17, "original": "ወቅያስ፡ ለሙዋዕል፡ ለስብአ፡ መንበራት፡ ይትፌጸም፡ ናኦተ፡ በመዋዕል፡ ቀዳማይ፡ መጥፋዕተ፡ ብርሃኑ፡ ይትገብእ፡ ለስብአ፡ መዋዕል፡ ምሉአ፡ ብርሃና፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-qəyās la-mawāʿəl la-səbʾa manbarāt yətfēṣam nāʾota ba-mawāʿəl qadāmāyə maṭfāʿta bərhānu yətgabbəʾ la-səbʾa mawāʿəl məluʾa bərhānā", "english": "And the measure of the days for the seven stations is completed in due measure; in the first days her light goes to its extinction, and in seven days her light is restored to its fullness.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 78:17; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 174)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-79:1", "chapter": 79, "verse": 1, "original": "ወይእዜሰ፡ ወልድየ፡ አርአይኩከ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወተፈጸመ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለኵሉ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ ለሰማይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəʾəzē-sa waldəya ʾarʾayku-ka kwəlo wa-tafaṣṣama ḫolaqomu la-kwəlu la-kawākəbt la-samāy", "english": "And now, my son, I have shown you everything; and the reckoning of all the stars of heaven is completed.", "reference_english": "And now, my son, I have shown thee everything, and the law of all the stars of the heaven is completed. 2. And he showed me all the laws of these for every day, and for every season of bearing rule, and for every year, and for its going forth, and for the order prescribed to it every month and every week: 3. And the waning of the moon which takes place in the sixth portal: for in this sixth portal her light is accomplished, and after that there is the beginning of the waning: 4. 〈And the waning〉 which takes place in the first portal in its season, till one hundred and seventy-seven days are accomplished: reckoned according to weeks, twenty-five (weeks) and two days. 5. She falls behind the sun and the order of the stars exactly five days in the course of one period, and when this place which thou seest has been traversed. 6. Such is the picture and sketch of every luminary which Uriel the archangel, who is their leader, showed unto me.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 79:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 frag 26 fragmentary (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-79:2", "chapter": 79, "verse": 2, "original": "ወአርአይኩከ፡ ኵሎ፡ ሕገገ፡ ለበበ፡ መዋዕል፡ ወለበበ፡ ሕግ፡ ወለበበ፡ ኵሉ፡ መንግሥት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾarʾayku-ka kwəlo ḥəgaga laba-mawāʿəl wa-laba-ḥəg wa-laba-kwəlu mangəśt", "english": "And I have shown you all the laws for every day, and for every law, and for every dominion.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 79:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-79:3", "chapter": 79, "verse": 3, "original": "ወዘንተ፡ ውእቱ፡ ሕጉ፡ ለወርኅ፡ ዘያመጽእ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለበበ፡ ሐጋ፡ ለበበ፡ ቀዋምቱ፡ ለመንግሥቱ፡ በፍኖት፡ ቀዋሚ፡ ዘኮነ፡ ይትፌጸም፡ በበ፡ ወርኆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zanta wəʾətu ḥəggu la-warḫ zayāmaṣṣəʾ ḫolaqomu laba-ḥaggā laba-qawāmtu la-mangəśtu ba-fənot qawāmi zakona yətfēṣam baba warḫomu", "english": "And this is the law of the moon, which brings their reckoning according to her festivals, according to her stations of dominion in the appointed path which is completed month by month.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 79:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q209 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-79:4", "chapter": 79, "verse": 4, "original": "ወሕገገ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ምስለ፡ መንበራቲሁ፡ ወምሥራቅ፡ ወምዕራብ፡ ስብአ፡ ዘያስተራኩም፡ ኆለቆ፡ ዘኵሉ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ለፀሐይ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ḥəgaga la-ḍaḥay məsla manbarātihu wa-məśrāq wa-məʿrāb səbʾa zayāstarākum ḫolaqo zakwəlu mangəśtu la-ḍaḥay", "english": "And the laws of the sun, with its stations and east and west: seven that order the reckoning of all the sun's dominion.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 79:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-79:5", "chapter": 79, "verse": 5, "original": "ወዝ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ነዊኅ፡ ይነግሕ፡ ወምዕራብ፡ ሐጺር፡ ይነግሕ፡ ወይትገብእ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ዘሕገገ፡ ዘይትኬለል፡ ኮነ፡ ለበበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zə məśrāq nawiḫ yənaggəḥ wa-məʿrāb ḥaṣir yənaggəḥ wa-yətgabbəʾ manbaromu la-ḍaḥay zaḥəgaga zayətkēlal kona laba-gizēhu", "english": "And this east shines long and this west shines short; and the sun's stations return — those of the law which is encompassed in its proper time.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 79:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-79:6", "chapter": 79, "verse": 6, "original": "እሉ፡ መርሕተ፡ መዋዕልት፡ ኮኑ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለሕገገ፡ ብርሃናት፡ ዘአርአየኒ፡ ኦሪኤል፡ ዘውእቱ፡ መርሐ፡ ኵሉ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾəllu marḥata mawāʿəlt konu ḫolaqomu la-ḥəgaga bərhānāt zaʾarʾayanī ʾUrʾēl zawəʾətu marḥa kwəlu ḫolaqomu", "english": "These are the leaders of the days; they are the reckoning of the laws of the luminaries, which Uriel showed me — he who is the leader of all their reckonings.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**Closing colophon — Uriel as leader of all reckonings.** This verse closes the lunar-treatise (chs 78-79) with a colophon-style attribution: Uriel as the leader (*marḥa*) of all the reckonings of the laws of the luminaries. The verse restates Uriel's portfolio established at 1 En 72:1 (the opening of the Astronomical Book) and reaffirmed at 1 En 75:3 + 82:7. The closing colophon establishes a literary inclusio bracketing the Astronomical Book's astronomical-and-calendrical content within Uriel's cosmic-administrative-authority. See central entry `uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus", "seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 79:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:1", "chapter": 80, "verse": 1, "original": "ወበጊዜሁ፡ ይቤለኒ፡ ኦሪኤል፡ መልአክ፡ ናሁ፡ አርአይኩከ፡ ሄኖክ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወከሠትኩ፡ ለከ፡ ኵሎ፡ ከመ፡ ትርአይ፡ ዘንተ፡ ፀሐይ፡ ወዘንተ፡ ወርኀ፡ ወመራኅያኒሆሙ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ ሰማይ፡ ወኵሎ፡ ዘያስተራኩም፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ግብሮሙ፡ ወመንግሥቶሙ፡ ወጊዜሆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-gizēhu yəbēlanī ʾUrʾēl malʾak nāhu ʾarʾayku-ka Henok kwəlo wa-kaśatku la-ka kwəlo kama tərʾay zanta ḍaḥay wa-zanta warḫa wa-marāḫəyānihomu la-kawākəbt samāy wa-kwəlo zayāstarākum kiyāhomu gəbromu wa-mangəśtomu wa-gizēhomu", "english": "And at that time Uriel the angel said to me: Behold, Enoch, I have shown you all, and I have disclosed all to you, that you might see this sun and this moon and the leaders of the stars of heaven, and all who order them — their works and their dominions and their times.", "reference_english": "And in those days the angel Uriel answered and said to me: ‘Behold, I have shown thee everything, Enoch, and I have revealed everything to thee that thou shouldst see this sun and this moon, and the leaders of the stars of the heaven and all those who turn them, their tasks and times and departures.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iv fragmentary (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:2", "chapter": 80, "verse": 2, "original": "ወበመዋዕለ፡ ኃጥኣን፡ ዓመታት፡ ይሠራዕ፡ ወእክለ፡ ዘርዕ፡ ይሠቀል፡ በምድሮሙ፡ ወበግብሮሙ፡ ወኵሉ፡ ላዕለ፡ ምድር፡ ይሠቀል፡ ወአዝመተ፡ ምድር፡ ይትዐጽው፡ ወዘርእ፡ ዘዕለቶሙ፡ ኢይትከሥት፡ ላዕለ፡ ምድሮሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-mawāʿəla ḫāṭəʾān ʿāmatāt yəśarrāʿ wa-ʾəkla zarʿ yəśaqqal ba-mədromu wa-ba-gəbromu wa-kwəlu lāʿla mədr yəśaqqal wa-ʾazmata mədr yətʿaḍḍəw wa-zarʾə za-ʿəlatomu ʾiyətkaśśat lāʿla mədromu", "english": "And in the days of the sinners the years shall be shortened, and the seed of grain shall be late in their lands and in their fields; and everything upon the earth shall be afflicted, and the rains of the earth shall be withheld, and the seed of their days shall not come up upon their lands.", "reference_english": "And in the days of the sinners the years shall be shortened, And their seed shall be tardy on their lands and fields, And all things on the earth shall alter, And shall not appear in their time: And the rain shall be kept back And the heaven shall withhold (it).", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**THE COSMIC-DISORDER ORACLE — opening of the foundational Second-Temple-period cosmic-signs eschatological pericope.** 'In the days of the sinners the years shall be shortened.' This verse opens one of the foundational Second-Temple-period texts of the cosmic-signs eschatological tradition — the framework that runs through Joel 2:30-31 (Hebrew Bible substrate), Mt 24:29 + Mk 13:24-25 + Lk 21:25-26 (Synoptic Olivet Discourse), Rev 6:12-13 (sixth-seal opening), Sura 81:1-14 *al-Takwīr* (Qur'anic rolling-up-of-the-sun), and Sura 54:1 *inshiqāq al-qamar* (Qur'anic moon-splitting).\n\n**The wickedness-of-humanity correlation.** A distinctive feature of the 1 En 80 framework is the explicit correlation between the cosmic-disorder and human-wickedness: the cosmic-bodies depart from their natural-cosmic-order *in the days of the sinners*. The cosmic-disorder is concurrent with — and in some sense caused by — the human-sinfulness of the end-times. The framework is one of the most-influential Second-Temple-period eschatological-cosmographic frameworks.\n\nSee central entry `cosmic-disorder-1-enoch-80-end-times-cross-corpus-joel-nt-revelation-qur-an` for the systematic treatment. The existing NT cosmic-signs cluster entry `cosmic-signs-cluster-joel-2-mark-13-acts-2-luke-21-rev-6-cross-corpus` is extended in this Editor pass to include the ENO-WOH-80 refIds.", "glossary_refs": ["cosmic-disorder-1-enoch-80-end-times-cross-corpus-joel-nt-revelation-qur-an", "cosmic-signs-cluster-joel-2-mark-13-acts-2-luke-21-rev-6-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 frag 1 col. iv may preserve trace material (Drawnel 2011); Greek not preserved (Syncellus extracts do not include ch 80)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:3", "chapter": 80, "verse": 3, "original": "ወይትዐጾ፡ ኵሉ፡ ዘለፍሬ፡ ጽጌ፡ በላዕለ፡ ምድር፡ ወዕፅ፡ ይዕወር፡ ፍሬሁ፡ ወወይን፡ ይትዐጾ፡ ፍሬሁ፡ ወብዙኅ፡ ዘርዕ፡ ይሰየብ፡ ወይትከሐድ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yətʿaḍḍo kwəlu zala-fərē ṣəgē ba-lāʿla mədr wa-ʿəḍ yəʿwər fərēhu wa-wayn yətʿaḍḍo fərēhu wa-bəzuḫ zarʾə yəsayyab wa-yətkaḥad", "english": "And every fruit-bearing blossom on the earth shall be withheld; the tree shall withhold its fruit, and the vine shall withhold its fruit; and much seed shall be sown but shall come to nothing.", "reference_english": "And in those times the fruits of the earth shall be backward, And shall not grow in their time, And the fruits of the trees shall be withheld in their time.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:4", "chapter": 80, "verse": 4, "original": "ወወርኅ፡ ይትዌላጥ፡ ሕገጊሁ፡ ወኢይትከሠት፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-warḫ yətwēllāṭ ḥəgagihu wa-ʾiyətkaśśat baba gizēhu", "english": "And the moon shall change her laws and shall not appear in her appointed times.", "reference_english": "And the moon shall alter her order, And not appear at her time.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The moon-departing-from-her-order — direct cosmic-signs language.** This verse contains the direct cosmic-signs statement: the moon alters her order and does not appear in her appointed time. The framework parallels Mt 24:29 ('the moon shall not give her light' / *hē selēnē ou dōsei to phengos autēs*), Mk 13:24-25 (the same Markan formulation), Joel 2:31 ('the moon to blood' / *ha-yārēaḥ lĕ-dām*), and Sura 54:1 *inshiqāq al-qamar* (the moon-splitting). The 1 En 80 framework provides one of the OLDEST stratigraphic-layers of this entire cosmic-signs cluster, given the Aramaic-DSS dating of the Astronomical Book to the late 3rd c. BCE.", "glossary_refs": ["cosmic-disorder-1-enoch-80-end-times-cross-corpus-joel-nt-revelation-qur-an", "cosmic-signs-cluster-joel-2-mark-13-acts-2-luke-21-rev-6-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:5", "chapter": 80, "verse": 5, "original": "ወበእማንቱ፡ መዋዕል፡ ይትከሠት፡ በሰማይ፡ ወይመጽእ፡ ዐቢይ፡ ድርቅ፡ ላዕለ፡ ድንኅ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ሰማይ፡ ቅድሜሁ፡ ለመንበረ፡ ከዋክብት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-ʾəmāntu mawāʿəl yətkaśśat ba-samāy wa-yəmaṣṣəʾ ʿabəy dərq lāʿla dənḫ məśrāq samāy qədmēhu la-manbara kawākəbt", "english": "And in those days there shall appear in heaven a great drought upon the eastern horizon of heaven, before the station of the stars.", "reference_english": "[And in those days the sun shall be seen and he shall journey in the evening †on the extremity of the great chariot in †the west] And shall shine more brightly than accords with the order of light.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:6", "chapter": 80, "verse": 6, "original": "ወብዙኃን፡ መርሐ፡ ሐራ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ ይስሕቱ፡ ሥርዐተ፡ ዘትእዛዝ፡ ወይትዌላጡ፡ ፍኖቶሙ፡ ወግብሮሙ፡ ወኢይትከሠቱ፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡ ሎሙ፡ ዘሥርዕተ፡ ሎሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-bəzuḫān marḥa ḥarā la-kawākəbt yəsḥətu śərʿata zatəʾəzāz wa-yətwēllāṭu fənotomu wa-gəbromu wa-ʾiyətkaśśatu baba gizēhomu lomu zaśərʿta lomu", "english": "And many chiefs of the host of the stars shall transgress the order of the command, and shall change their courses and their tasks, and shall not appear in their appointed times — the times prescribed for them.", "reference_english": "And many chiefs of the stars shall transgress the order (prescribed). And these shall alter their orbits and tasks, And not appear at the seasons prescribed to them.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**The stars transgressing their orbits — direct cosmic-signs language.** This verse contains the direct cosmic-signs statement: the stars transgress their orbits and shall not appear in their appointed times. The framework parallels Mt 24:29 (*hoi asteres pesountai apo tou ouranou* 'the stars shall fall from heaven'), Rev 6:13 (*hoi asteres tou ouranou epesan eis tēn gēn* 'the stars of heaven fell to the earth'), Rev 12:4 (the dragon's tail sweeping a third of the stars), and Isa 13:10 (the stars of the heavens not giving their light). The 1 En 80:6 'transgress the order of the command' framing extends the broader Second-Temple-Jewish fallen-stars / rebellious-luminary tradition (cross-corpus to 1 En 18:13-16 + 21:1-6 — the fallen stars in their place-of-judgement; Jude 6 + 2 Pet 2:4).", "glossary_refs": ["cosmic-disorder-1-enoch-80-end-times-cross-corpus-joel-nt-revelation-qur-an", "cosmic-signs-cluster-joel-2-mark-13-acts-2-luke-21-rev-6-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q210 may preserve fragmentary parallel (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:7", "chapter": 80, "verse": 7, "original": "ወኵሉ፡ ሕገገ፡ ለከዋክብት፡ ይትዐፀዉ፡ ላዕለ፡ ኃጥኣን፡ ወያስተዐሰዉ፡ መንፈሰ፡ እምኔሆሙ፡ ለእለ፡ ቤት፡ ይነብሩ፡ በላዕሌሆሙ፡ ወያስሕቱ፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ወይትገበሩ፡ አማልክት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-kwəlu ḥəgaga la-kawākəbt yətʿaḍḍəw lāʿla ḫāṭəʾān wa-yāstaʿassəw manfasa ʾəmənnehomu la-ʾəlla bēt yənabbəru ba-lāʿlēhomu wa-yāsḥətu kiyāhomu wa-yətgabbaru ʾamālekt", "english": "And all the laws of the stars shall be shut against the sinners; and they shall lead astray the minds of those who dwell upon the earth, and they shall be regarded by them as gods.", "reference_english": "And the whole order of the stars shall be concealed from the sinners, And the thoughts of those on the earth shall err concerning them, [And they shall be altered from all their ways], Yea, they shall err and take them to be gods.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**Humans mistake the stars for gods — the primal idolatry-frame.** This verse names the cosmic-disorder's spiritual-consequence: the disordered-stars lead humanity astray, with humans worshipping the stars as gods. The framework is a Second-Temple-Jewish development of the primal-idolatry tradition: the host-of-heaven worship that the Hebrew Bible repeatedly denounces. Cross-corpus to Deut 4:19 ('lest you lift up your eyes to heaven, and when you see the sun and the moon and the stars, all the host of heaven, you be drawn away and bow down to them and serve them'), Jer 7:18 + 8:2 + 19:13 (the host-of-heaven idolatry under Judah's last kings), 2 Kings 23:5 (the *mazzālôt*-worshippers purged by Josiah's reform), Wisd 13:1-2 (the wise-of-the-Gentiles taking the cosmic-bodies for gods), and Acts 7:42-43 (Stephen's speech citing Amos 5:25-27 LXX on the worship of the host-of-heaven). The 1 En 80:7 cosmic-disorder + star-worship combination presents a developed-eschatological extension of the broader Hebrew-Bible host-of-heaven-worship tradition.", "glossary_refs": ["cosmic-disorder-1-enoch-80-end-times-cross-corpus-joel-nt-revelation-qur-an", "cosmic-signs-cluster-joel-2-mark-13-acts-2-luke-21-rev-6-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-80:8", "chapter": 80, "verse": 8, "original": "ወይብዝኅ፡ እኩይ፡ ላዕሌሆሙ፡ ወመቅሠፍት፡ ይመጽእ፡ ላዕሌሆሙ፡ ለመጥፋዕተ፡ ኵሎሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəbzəḫ ʾəkuy lāʿlēhomu wa-maqśaft yəmaṣṣəʾ lāʿlēhomu la-maṭfāʿta kwəlomu", "english": "And evil shall be multiplied upon them, and judgment shall come upon them, unto the destruction of them all.", "reference_english": "And evil shall be multiplied upon them, And punishment shall come upon them So as to destroy all.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 80:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 175)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:1", "chapter": 81, "verse": 1, "original": "ወይቤለኒ፡ ሄኖክ፡ ነጽር፡ ውስተ፡ ጽላተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወአንብብ፡ ዘጽሑፍ፡ ላዕሌሆሙ፡ ወአእምሮ፡ ኵሎ፡ በበ፡ ኪሉ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəbēlanī Henok naṣṣər wəsta ṣəlāta samāy wa-ʾanbəb zaṣəḥuf lāʿlēhomu wa-ʾaʾəməro kwəlo baba kilu", "english": "And he said to me: Enoch, look upon the tablets of heaven, and read what is written upon them, and learn everything in detail.", "reference_english": "And he said unto me: ‘Observe, Enoch, these heavenly tablets, And read what is written thereon, And mark every individual fact.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**THE HEAVENLY TABLETS — the cosmic-record of all events past, present, and future.** This verse opens one of the foundational Second-Temple-Jewish texts of the heavenly-tablets motif. The Ge'ez *ṣəlāta samāy* ('tablets of heaven') translates a Second-Temple-Jewish cosmographic-cosmic-record framework that runs across 1 Enoch (1 En 81:1-3 + 93:2 + 103:2 + 106:19 + 107:1), Jubilees (Jub 5:13 + 23:32 + 30:9 + dozens of additional references), and into the Hebrew Bible / Christian-Apocalyptic-NT 'books opened at the judgement' tradition (Dan 7:10; Rev 5:1; Rev 20:12).\n\nThe heavenly-tablets are the divinely-inscribed cosmic-record: the catalog of all events past, present, and future, including the deeds of all humans. Enoch's reading-of-the-heavenly-tablets is the cosmographic-revelation that establishes his cosmic-knowledge-of-history. The textual-revelation framework (the cosmic-record as readable-text rather than as purely-cognitive-divine-knowledge) is one of the most-influential Second-Temple-period cosmographic-frameworks.\n\nSee central entry `heavenly-tablets-1-enoch-81-jubilees-daniel-revelation-cross-corpus`. The existing v2.66.0 central entry `enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus` is extended in this Editor pass to include the ENO-WOH-81 refIds.", "glossary_refs": ["heavenly-tablets-1-enoch-81-jubilees-daniel-revelation-cross-corpus", "enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 frag 1 col. i possibly preserves fragmentary parallel material (Drawnel 2011 pp. 358-364)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:2", "chapter": 81, "verse": 2, "original": "ወነጸርኩ፡ ኵሎ፡ ጽላተ፡ ሰማይ፡ ወአንበብኩ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘጽሑፍ፡ ላዕሌሆሙ፡ ወአእመርኩ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወአንበብኩ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ ኵሉ፡ ግብረ፡ ሰብእ፡ ወኵሉ፡ ውሉደ፡ ሥጋ፡ እለ፡ ይከውኑ፡ ላዕለ፡ ምድር፡ እስከ፡ ለትዉልዶሙ፡ ለዓለም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-naṣṣarku kwəlo ṣəlāta samāy wa-ʾanbabku kwəlo zaṣəḥuf lāʿlēhomu wa-ʾaʾəmarku kwəlo wa-ʾanbabku maṣḥafa kwəlu gəbra sabʾ wa-kwəlu wəluda śəgā ʾəlla yəkawwənu lāʿla mədr ʾəska la-təwlədomu la-ʿālam", "english": "And I looked upon all the tablets of heaven, and read all that was written upon them, and understood all; and I read the book of all the deeds of mankind and of all the children of flesh that shall be upon the earth, unto their generations forever.", "reference_english": "And I observed the heavenly tablets, and read everything which was written (thereon) and understood everything, and read the book of all the deeds of mankind, and of all the children of flesh that shall be upon the earth to the remotest generations. 3. And forthwith I blessed the great Lord the King of glory for ever, in that He has made all the works of the world, And I extolled the Lord because of His patience, And blessed Him because of the children of men.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**Enoch reads the heavenly-tablets — the cosmographic-revelation.** The verse establishes the cosmographic-revelation framework: Enoch reads the divinely-inscribed cosmic-record of all human-deeds, past and future. The 'book of all the deeds of mankind' framework parallels the Jubilees heavenly-tablets framework (Jub 5:13: 'the judgement of all is ordained and written on the heavenly tablets in righteousness') and anticipates the Rev 20:12 final-judgement framework ('the dead were judged from the things written in the books, according to their deeds'). The cosmographic-revelation establishes Enoch as the cosmic-knowledge-bearer: he has read the cosmic-record and can therefore instruct his children (Methuselah and downstream generations) on the cosmic-eschatological situation.", "glossary_refs": ["heavenly-tablets-1-enoch-81-jubilees-daniel-revelation-cross-corpus", "enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 possibly fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:3", "chapter": 81, "verse": 3, "original": "ወባረክዎ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ ንጉሠ፡ ክብር፡ ዘገብረ፡ ኵሎ፡ ግብረ፡ ዓለም፡ ወአእኮትክዎ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ በእንተ፡ ትዕግሥቱ፡ ላዕለ፡ ውሉደ፡ አዳም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-bārakəwwo la-ʾəgziʾabḥēr nəguśa kəbr zagabra kwəlo gəbra ʿālam wa-ʾaʾəkotku-wwo la-ʾəgziʾabḥēr ba-ʾənta təʿgəśtu lāʿla wəluda ʾAdām", "english": "And I blessed the Lord, the King of Glory, who has made all the works of the world; and I gave thanks to the Lord because of his long-suffering toward the children of Adam.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:4", "chapter": 81, "verse": 4, "original": "ወእቤ፡ በበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ብፁዕ፡ ዘውእቱ፡ ብእሲ፡ ዘይመውት፡ ጻድቅ፡ ወሠናይ፡ ዘዘፍርደ፡ ኢተጽሕፈ፡ ላዕሌሁ፡ ወዘዕለተ፡ ኵነኔ፡ ኢተረክበ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəbē baba gizēhu bəḍuʿ zawəʾətu bəʾsi zayəmawwət ṣādəq wa-śannāy zaza-fərda ʾitaṣəḥfa lāʿlēhu wa-zaʿəlata kwənanē ʾitarakba", "english": "And I said in that hour: Blessed is the man who dies righteous and good, against whom no record of unrighteousness has been written, and against whom no day of judgment shall be found.", "reference_english": "And after that I said: ‘Blessed is the man who dies in righteousness and goodness, Concerning whom there is no book of unrighteousness written, And against whom no day of judgement shall be found.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:5", "chapter": 81, "verse": 5, "original": "ወእልክቱ፡ ሰብዐቱ፡ ቅዱሳን፡ አምጽኡኒ፡ ወአንበሩኒ፡ ላዕለ፡ ምድር፡ ቅድመ፡ ዐጸዱ፡ ለቤትየ፡ ወይቤሉኒ፡ ንግሮሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ለወልድከ፡ ማቱሳላ፡ ወአርኢ፡ ለኵሎሙ፡ ውሉድከ፡ ከመ፡ አልቦ፡ ዘያስተበቍዕ፡ ሥጋ፡ ቅድሜሁ፡ ለእግዚአብሔር፡ እስመ፡ ፈጣሪ፡ ውእቱ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəlləktu sabʿatu qəddusān ʾamṣəʾuni wa-ʾanbaru-ni lāʿla mədr qədma ʿaḍadu la-bētəya wa-yəbēlu-ni nəgəromu kwəlo la-waldə-ka Mātusālā wa-ʾarʾi la-kwəlomu wəlud-ka kama ʾalbo zayāstabaqqwəʿ śəgā qədmēhu la-ʾəgziʾabḥēr ʾəsma faṭāri wəʾətu", "english": "And those seven holy ones brought me and set me upon the earth, before the gate of my house; and they said to me: Tell all things to your son Methuselah, and show all your children that no flesh is justified before the Lord, for he is the Creator.", "reference_english": "And those seven holy ones brought me and placed me on the earth before the door of my house, and said to me: ‘Declare everything to thy son Methuselah, and show to all thy children that no flesh is righteous in the sight of the Lord, for He is their Creator. 6. One year we will leave thee with thy son, till thou givest thy (last) commands, that thou mayst teach thy children and record (it) for them, and testify to all thy children; and in the second year they shall take thee from their midst.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**THE SEVEN HOLY ONES — the seven archangels — bring Enoch back to earth.** The 'seven holy ones' (*sabʿatu qəddusān*) at 1 En 81:5 are the seven archangels of the broader 1 Enoch corpus — Uriel, Raphael, Raguel, Michael, Sariel/Saraqael, Gabriel, Remeiel (per the canonical-developed list at 1 En 20:1-8). The seven-archangels serve as the heavenly-administrative-attendants who effect Enoch's translation back-to-earth-temporarily for the one-year-instruction-period preamble to the final assumption.\n\n**The one-year-instruction-period.** This verse opens the distinctive 1 En 81:5-9 one-year-instruction-period framework: Enoch is returned-to-earth-temporarily for one year to instruct his son Methuselah, then taken-up-permanently to the heavenly-residence (v. 7). The framework provides the developed-form of the Gen 5:24 taking-of-Enoch tradition: the cosmic-translation includes the cosmographic-cosmic-record-revelation (vv. 1-3), the one-year-instruction-period preamble (vv. 5-9), and the final-assumption — not merely the simple bypass-of-death framing of Heb 11:5.\n\nSee central entry `enoch-final-assumption-one-year-instruction-1-enoch-81-cross-corpus` and the bidirectional-extension of `seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus` (extended to add 1 En 81:5).", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-final-assumption-one-year-instruction-1-enoch-81-cross-corpus", "seven-archangels-list-1-enoch-20-tob-12-rev-8-cross-corpus", "uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus", "enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:6", "chapter": 81, "verse": 6, "original": "አሐደ፡ ዓመተ፡ እንኅድግከ፡ ምስለ፡ ውሉድከ፡ እስከ፡ ታጸንዕ፡ ዳግመ፡ ወትምህር፡ ውሉደከ፡ ወትጽሕፍ፡ ሎሙ፡ ወትሰምዕ፡ ሎሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ወትዜንዎሙ፡ ለውሉደ፡ ውሉድከ፡ ካዕበ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾaḥada ʿāmata ʾənḫədəggə-ka məsla wəlud-ka ʾəska tāṣannəʿ dāgəma wa-təməhər wəluda-ka wa-təṣəḥf lomu wa-təsamməʿ lomu kwəlo wa-təzēnəwwomu la-wəluda wəlud-ka kāʿba", "english": "For one year I will leave you with your children, until you have gained strength again, that you may teach your children, write down for them, and testify to them concerning everything; and tell your children's children also.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:7", "chapter": 81, "verse": 7, "original": "ወበአመ፡ ካልዕ፡ ዓመት፡ ይትነሥኡከ፡ እምነ፡ ምድር፡ ቅድሜሆሙ፡ ወልብከ፡ ይጸንዕ፡ እስመ፡ ጻድቃን፡ ዘጻድቀ፡ ኆሊቆሙ፡ ይከውን፡ ወኃጥአን፡ ይትኄሰሱ፡ ለበበ፡ ኃጢአቶሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ba-ʾama kāləʿ ʿāmat yətnaśśəʾu-ka ʾəmənna mədr qədmēhomu wa-ləbbə-ka yəṣannəʿ ʾəsma ṣādəqān zaṣādəqa ḫolaqomu yəkawwən wa-ḫāṭəʾān yətḫēsasu laba-ḫāṭiʾatomu", "english": "And in the second year they shall take you from their midst; and your heart shall be strengthened, for the righteous shall be reckoned with the righteous, and the sinners shall be punished for each of their sins.", "reference_english": "Let thy heart be strong, For the good shall announce righteousness to the good; The righteous with the righteous shall rejoice, And shall offer congratulation to one another.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**Enoch's final assumption — the permanent taking-up.** This verse states the final-assumption event: in the second year (after the one-year-instruction-period preamble of v. 6), Enoch is taken from the human-community permanently. The 'taking from their midst' framework develops the Gen 5:24 *wa-lōʾ ʾēnennû kî lāqaḥ ʾōṯô ʾĕlōhîm* ('and he was not, for the Elohim took him') in the Second-Temple-Jewish cosmographic-cosmic-translation register.\n\nThe 1 En 81:7 framework is the textual-fountainhead of the Enoch-Metatron tradition that develops through 2 Enoch (Slavonic Enoch, late 1st c. CE; the angelic-summons-to-translation + the heavenly-ascent through the seven heavens) and 3 Enoch (Sefer Hekhalot, c. 5th-6th c. CE; the identification of the cosmic-translated-Enoch with the enthroned-Metatron). See central entries `enoch-final-assumption-one-year-instruction-1-enoch-81-cross-corpus` and `enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus`.", "glossary_refs": ["enoch-final-assumption-one-year-instruction-1-enoch-81-cross-corpus", "enoch-as-scribe-mediator-figure-12-jub-4-metatron-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:8", "chapter": 81, "verse": 8, "original": "ወዘይፈቅድ፡ ጻድቅ፡ ለበበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡ ይፈጽም፡ ሎሙ፡ ኵሎ፡ ግብረ፡ ሠናየ፡ እንበለ፡ ሐሰት፡ ወእንበለ፡ ኃጢአት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-zayəfaqqəd ṣādəq laba-gizēhomu yəfaṣṣəm lomu kwəlo gəbra śannāya ʾənbala ḥassat wa-ʾənbala ḫāṭiʾat", "english": "And whoever desires righteousness in their times shall accomplish for them every good work, without falsehood and without sin.", "reference_english": "But the sinners shall die with the sinners, And the apostate go down with the apostate.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:9", "chapter": 81, "verse": 9, "original": "ብዙኃን፡ ኀጥአን፡ ይተኀጐሉ፡ በውስተ፡ ኃጢአቶሙ፡ እስከ፡ ኵሉ፡ ግብሮሙ፡ ጻድቃን፡ ይኩን፡ ጻድቀ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "bəzuḫān ḫāṭəʾān yətaḫaggwalu ba-wəsta ḫāṭiʾatomu ʾəska kwəlu gəbromu ṣādəqān yəkun ṣādəqa", "english": "Many sinners shall perish in their sins, until all the deeds of the righteous shall be reckoned righteous.", "reference_english": "And those who practise righteousness shall die on account of the deeds of men, And be taken away on account of the doings of the godless.’", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-81:10", "chapter": 81, "verse": 10, "original": "ወይእዜ፡ ወልድየ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘንተ፡ እነግረከ፡ ወእጽሕፈከ፡ ኪያሁ፡ ኵሎ፡ ከሠትኩ፡ ለከ፡ ወአንሣእኩ፡ ለከ፡ ለመጽሐፍት፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ኵሉ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəʾəzē waldə-ya kwəlo zanta ʾənaggərə-ka wa-ʾəṣəḥfa-ka kiyāhu kwəlo kaśatku la-ka wa-ʾansāʾəku la-ka la-maṣaḥəft kiyāhomu kwəlu", "english": "And now, my son, I tell you all this and write it for you; I have disclosed all to you, and I have given you the books concerning all these things.", "reference_english": "And in those days they ceased to speak to me, and I came to my people, blessing the Lord of the world.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 81:10; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 176)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic not preserved"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:1", "chapter": 82, "verse": 1, "original": "ወይእዜሰ፡ ወልድየ፡ ማቱሳላ፡ ኵሎ፡ ዘንተ፡ እነግረከ፡ ወእጽሕፈከ፡ ኵሎ፡ ለከ፡ ከሠትኩ፡ ወወሀብኩከ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ በእንተ፡ ኵሉ፡ እሉ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəʾəzē-sa waldə-ya Mātusālā kwəlo zanta ʾənaggərə-ka wa-ʾəṣəḥfa-ka kwəlo la-ka kaśatku wa-wahabku-ka maṣḥafa ba-ʾənta kwəlu ʾəllu", "english": "And now, my son Methuselah, I am telling you all this and writing it for you; I have disclosed all to you, and have given you the book concerning all these things.", "reference_english": "And now, my son Methuselah, all these things I am recounting to thee and writing down for thee, and I have revealed to thee everything, and given thee books concerning all these: so preserve, my son Methuselah, the books from thy father’s hand, and (see) that thou deliver them to the generations of the world.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:1; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 frag 1 col. i fragmentary parallel (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 171-175)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:2", "chapter": 82, "verse": 2, "original": "ዕቀብ፡ ወልድየ፡ ማቱሳላ፡ ዘንተ፡ መጽሐፈ፡ እምነ፡ እዴሁ፡ ለአቡከ፡ ወታኅሥሥ፡ ለትዉልዶሙ፡ ዓለም፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʿəqab waldə-ya Mātusālā zanta maṣḥafa ʾəmənna ʾədēhu la-ʾabuka wa-tāḫśəśś la-təwlədomu ʿālam", "english": "Keep, my son Methuselah, this book from the hand of your father, and hand it on to the generations of the world.", "reference_english": "I have given wisdom to thee and to thy children, [And thy children that shall be to thee], That they may give it to their children for generations, This wisdom (namely) that passeth their thought.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:2; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:3", "chapter": 82, "verse": 3, "original": "ጥበበ፡ ወሀብኩከ፡ ለከ፡ ወለውሉድከ፡ ወለእለ፡ ይከውኑ፡ ውሉድከ፡ ከመ፡ ይሁቡ፡ ለውሉዶሙ፡ ለትዉልዶሙ፡ ዘጥበብ፡ ዘይትገበር፡ እምነ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወወርኅ፡ ወከዋክብት፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ṭəbab-a wahabku-ka la-ka wa-la-wəludə-ka wa-la-ʾəlla yəkawwənu wəludə-ka kama yəhabu la-wəludomu la-təwlədomu zaṭəbab zayətgabbar ʾəmənna ḫolaqomu la-ḍaḥay wa-warḫ wa-kawākəbt", "english": "I have given wisdom to you and to your children, and to those who shall be your children, that they may give it to their children and to their generations — wisdom which is wrought from the reckoning of the sun and the moon and the stars.", "reference_english": "And those who understand it shall not sleep, But shall listen with the ear that they may learn this wisdom, And it shall please those that eat thereof better than good food.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:3; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 may preserve fragmentary parallel (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:4", "chapter": 82, "verse": 4, "original": "ברירין כל צדיקיא ברירין אלין די מהלכין באורח קושטא ולית בהון חטאן כאלין חיביא בחושבן יומיא די הוה שמשא מהלך בשמיא בתרעין שתא וקדמיתיהון", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "běrīrīn kol ṣaddīqayyāʾ běrīrīn ʾillēn dī měhalkīn bě-ʾōraḥ qōšṭāʾ wě-lēt běhōn ḥaṭāʾīn ke-ʾillēn ḥayyābayyāʾ bě-ḥūšbān yōmayyāʾ dī hăwāʾ šimšāʾ měhalek bi-šmayyāʾ bě-tarʿīn šittāʾ wě-qadmāyēhōn", "english": "Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are those who walk in the way of righteousness and have no sin like the sinners in the reckoning of the days during which the sun travels in the heaven through the six gates and through what is before them.", "reference_english": "Blessed are all the righteous, blessed are all those who walk in the way of righteousness and sin not as the sinners, in the reckoning of all their days in which the sun traverses the heaven, entering into and departing from the portals for thirty days with the heads of thousands of the order of the stars, together with the four which are intercalated which divide the four portions of the year, which lead them and enter with them four days. 5. Owing to them men shall be at fault and not reckon them in the whole reckoning of the year: yea, men shall be at fault, and not recognize them accurately. 6. For they belong to the reckoning of the year and are truly recorded (thereon) for ever, one in the first portal and one in the third, and one in the fourth and one in the sixth, and the year is completed in three hundred and sixty-four days.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "**THE BEATITUDE-POLEMIC — Aramaic-PRIMARY witness (4Q211 + 4Q209 frag 28).** This verse is the central calendrical-polemic-as-beatitude statement of the Astronomical Book: keeping the right (364-day solar) calendar = righteousness; using the wrong (lunar) calendar = sin. The beatitude-formula (*běrīrīn kol ṣaddīqayyāʾ* 'blessed are all the righteous') frames the calendrical-choice as a moral-religious choice with eternal consequences.\n\nThe verse is preserved in the Aramaic 4Q211 + 4Q209 frag 28 in fuller form than the Ge'ez transmission preserves. The polemical-edge is one of the sharpest in the Second-Temple-period Jewish corpus: the calendar-dispute is framed in beatitude-and-curse register, parallel to the Jubilees 6:32-38 polemic and the broader Qumran-Enochic-Jubilees identity-marker tradition.\n\nSee central entry `qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus` for the systematic treatment of the calendrical-identity-keystone status of the 364-day solar calendar.", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus", "364-day-solar-calendar-rendering-convention", "astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q211 frag 1 col. ii lines 1-9 + 4Q209 frag 28 preserves THE POLEMIC TEXT in Aramaic (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 172-180; Drawnel 2011 pp. 365-380)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:4; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:5", "chapter": 82, "verse": 5, "original": "וטעין בהון אלין ארבעת יומיא די מסתפין לשנת שמשא די לא חשבין בהון עם מלכות שמשא ועם מלכות כוכביא", "original_lang": "arc", "transliteration": "wě-ṭāʿēn běhōn ʾillēn ʾarbaʿat yōmayyāʾ dī mistappīn lě-šěnat šimšāʾ dī lāʾ ḥāšbīn běhōn ʿim malkūt šimšāʾ wě-ʿim malkūt kōkěbayyāʾ", "english": "And they err concerning them — these four days that are added to the solar year — those who do not reckon them with the dominion of the sun and with the dominion of the stars.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The four-epact-days polemic in Aramaic — the sharpest articulation.** Aramaic-PRIMARY witness (4Q211). The verse states explicitly the calendrical-error that the polemic targets: the failure to count the four epact-days (the days that bring the schematic 360-day base year to 364) within the dominion of the sun and the stars. The polemic targets the proto-Rabbinic / Pharisaic / Temple-Establishment tradition that did not count these four days as part of the solar calendrical-system. The Aramaic preservation of the polemic in fuller form than the Ge'ez is consistent with the witness-fullness-inversion pattern documented at the per-translation overlay.", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus", "364-day-solar-calendar-rendering-convention"], "witness_primary": "Aramaic 4Q211 frag 1 col. ii preserves explicit polemic on the four days (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000)", "witness_secondary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:5; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:6", "chapter": 82, "verse": 6, "original": "እስመ፡ ሰብእ፡ ኢይኄልቍዎሙ፡ በበ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለዓመት፡ ይስሕቱ፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ኮኑ፡ ለበበ፡ ጥዕና፡ ዘዓመት፡ እስመ፡ ሰብእ፡ ይስሕቱ፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ወኢየአምሩ፡ በበ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለበበ፡ ዓመት፡ ግን፡ ጻድቅ፡ ይሰምዕ፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ወመጽሐፍ፡ ይኄልቅ፡ ኪያሆሙ፡ ጻድቅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾəsma sabʾ ʾiyəḫēlqəwwomu baba ḫolaqomu la-ʿāmat yəsḥətu kiyāhomu konu laba-ṭəʿnā za-ʿāmat ʾəsma sabʾ yəsḥətu kiyāhomu wa-ʾiyaʾəmru baba ḫolaqomu laba-ʿāmat gənn ṣādəq yəsamməʿ kiyāhomu wa-maṣḥaf yəḫēlləq kiyāhomu ṣādəq", "english": "For humans do not count them in the reckoning of the year, and they err concerning them; these are for the well-being of the year. For humans go astray concerning them and do not know them in the reckoning of the year. But the righteous shall heed them, and the book shall reckon them rightly.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The righteous-shall-heed-them — the closing polemical articulation.** This verse closes the calendrical-polemic section with the righteous-vs-sinners distinction made explicit: the righteous keep the right calendar (counting the four epact-days within the dominion of the sun and stars); the sinners fail to count them. The 'book shall reckon them rightly' invokes the heavenly-tablets framework of 1 En 81: the cosmic-record will preserve the correct calendrical reckoning for the righteous against the sinners' erroneous reckoning. The polemical-cluster of 72:32 + 74:11-12 + 75:1-3 + 82:4-6 forms the foundational textual-articulation of the 364-day-solar-calendar identity-marker in the Astronomical Book.", "glossary_refs": ["qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus", "heavenly-tablets-1-enoch-81-jubilees-daniel-revelation-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:6; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:7", "chapter": 82, "verse": 7, "original": "እስመ፡ ብርሃናት፡ እሙንቱ፡ ወወርኅ፡ ወኆለቆሙ፡ ለመዋዕልት፡ ኮኑ፡ ለበበ፡ መንበራቲሁ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ወከዋክብት፡ ይትዐጻዑ፡ ለሎቱ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾəsma bərhānāt ʾəmuntu wa-warḫ wa-ḫolaqomu la-mawāʿəlt konu laba-manbarātihu la-ḍaḥay wa-kawākəbt yətʿaḍḍāʿu lalotu", "english": "For they are luminaries, with the moon; and the reckoning of the days belongs to them, according to the stations of the sun; and the stars are appointed for it.", "reference_english": "And the account thereof is accurate and the recorded reckoning thereof exact; for the luminaries, and months and festivals, and years and days, has Uriel shown and revealed to me, to whom the Lord of the whole creation of the world hath subjected the host of heaven. 8. And he has power over night and day in the heaven to cause the light to give light to men—sun, moon, and stars, and all the powers of the heaven which revolve in their circular chariots. 9. And these are the orders of the stars, which set in their places, and in their seasons and festivals and months.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:7; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:8", "chapter": 82, "verse": 8, "original": "ወእሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ለመራኅያኒሆሙ፡ ዘይከውን፡ ላዕለ፡ መንግሥቶሙ፡ ለበበ፡ ሕገጊሆሙ፡ ወለበበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəllu səmātihomu la-marāḫəyānihomu zayəkawwən lāʿla mangəśtomu laba-ḥəgagihomu wa-laba-gizēhomu", "english": "And these are the names of their leaders who are over their dominion, according to their laws and according to their times.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:8; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 may preserve partial parallel (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:9", "chapter": 82, "verse": 9, "original": "አርባዕቱ፡ መራኅት፡ እለ፡ ይትፈልጡ፡ አርባዕተ፡ ክፍላተ፡ ዓመት፡ ይቀውሙ፡ ድኅሬሆሙ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ መራኅት፡ ለአውራኅ፡ ወሰለስቱ፡ ድኅሬሆሙ፡ ለመዋዕል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ʾarbāʿtu marāḫət ʾəlla yətfaḷaṭu ʾarbāʿta kəfəlāta ʿāmat yəqawwəmu dəḫrēhomu śallastu marāḫət la-ʾawrāḫ wa-salāstu dəḫrēhomu la-mawāʿəl", "english": "Four leaders, who distinguish the four parts of the year, are set in their places; and after them three leaders of the months, and three after them of the days.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:9; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:10", "chapter": 82, "verse": 10, "original": "ወእሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ለመራኅያኒሆሙ፡ ዘይከውን፡ ላዕለ፡ ኆለቆሙ፡ ለመዋዕል፡ ሰማን፡ ወያን፡ ቄሊል፡ ወሄሊአምሞ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəllu səmātihomu la-marāḫəyānihomu zayəkawwən lāʿla ḫolaqomu la-mawāʿəl Saman wa-Yān Qēlil wa-Hēliʾamamo", "english": "And these are the names of their leaders who are over the reckoning of the days: Saman, and Yan, Qelil, and Heliyammamo.", "reference_english": "And these are the names of those who lead them, who watch that they enter at their times, in their orders, in their seasons, in their months, in their periods of dominion, and in their positions. 11. Their four leaders who divide the four parts of the year enter first; and after them the twelve leaders of the orders who divide the months; and for the three hundred and sixty (days) there are heads over thousands who divide the days; and for the four intercalary days there are the leaders which sunder the four parts of the year. 12. And these heads over thousands are intercalated between leader and leader, each behind a station, but their leaders make the division. 13. And these are the names of the leaders who divide the four parts of the year which are ordained: Mîlkî’êl, Hel’emmêlêk, and Mêl’êjal, and Nârêl. 14. And the names of those who lead them: Adnâr’êl, and Îjâsûsa’êl, and ’Elômê’êl—these three follow the leaders of the orders, and there is one that follows the three leaders of the orders which follow those leaders of stations that divide the four parts of the year.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:10; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:11", "chapter": 82, "verse": 11, "original": "ወእሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ለመራኅያን፡ እለ፡ ምስሌሆሙ፡ መልክኤል፡ ወኤልሜኤል፡ ወሄላምሜሌክ፡ ወሜሌጄል፡ ወናርኤል፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəllu səmātihomu la-marāḫəyān ʾəlla məslēhomu Malkəʾēl wa-ʾElməʾēl wa-Hēlamamēlek wa-Mēlējēl wa-Nārəʾēl", "english": "And the names of the leaders who are with them: Melkiel, and Elmeel, and Helemmelek, and Meleyal, and Narel.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The four season-leader angel-names — Melkiel, Helemmelek, Meleyal, Narel.** The four named season-leaders are the angelic-administrative-leaders of the four 91-day quarters of the 364-day solar year (cf. ch 75). The Ge'ez witness preserves a five-name list (Melkiel, Elmeel, Helemmelek, Meleyal, Narel) where the system expects four; the modern critical reconstruction (Charles 1912; Nickelsburg-VanderKam 2012) identifies the canonical four as Melkiel (first quarter), Helemmelek (second quarter), Meleyal (third quarter), Narel (fourth quarter). The fifth name (Elmeel) is likely a scribal-doublet inflation. The WoH translation preserves the Ge'ez verbatim per the per-verse layered-witness convention.\n\nThe theophoric *-ʾēl* ending follows the standard Hebrew/Aramaic angelological pattern (Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Sariel). The four season-leaders are the next-level-subordinates of Uriel (the overall cosmic-administrative-angel over the luminaries) in the Astronomical Book's angelological hierarchy.", "glossary_refs": ["uriel-angel-over-luminaries-1-enoch-72-79-82-cross-corpus", "qumran-364-day-solar-calendar-polemic-1-enoch-72-82-jubilees-cross-corpus"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:11; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:12", "chapter": 82, "verse": 12, "original": "ወይከውን፡ መንገሊሆሙ፡ ለመንግሥቶሙ፡ አሐደ፡ ለለ፡ አሐዱ፡ ዘይከውን፡ ድኅረ፡ መንግሥቶሙ፡ ለመራኅት፡ ዘመዋዕልት፡ አሐደ፡ ለለ፡ አሐዱ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-yəkawwən mangalihomu la-mangəśtomu ʾaḥada lala ʾaḥadu zayəkawwən dəḫra mangəśtomu la-marāḫət zamawāʿəlt ʾaḥada lala ʾaḥadu", "english": "And the paths of their dominion are one for each one — after their dominion come the leaders of the days, one for each.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:12; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:13", "chapter": 82, "verse": 13, "original": "ሠለስቱ፡ መራኅት፡ ይትፈልጡ፡ ምሳለ፡ መሣክወ፡ ሰብዐ፡ ምሳለ፡ መንበራቲሁ፡ ለፀሐይ፡ ለበበ፡ ምሥራቅ፡ ዘመንበራቲሁ፡ ካዕበ፡ ለለመንበር፡ ለበበ፡ ጊዜሁ፡ ሠለስቱ፡ መራኅት፡ እለ፡ ኮኑ፡ ድኅሬሆሙ፡ ለመራኅት፡ ለበበ፡ ጊዜሆሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "śallastu marāḫət yətfaḷaṭu məsāla masākəwa səbʿa məsāla manbarātihu la-ḍaḥay laba-məśrāq zamanbarātihu kāʿba lala-manbar laba-gizēhu śallastu marāḫət ʾəlla konu dəḫrēhomu la-marāḫət laba-gizēhomu", "english": "Three leaders are distinguished after the manner of the seven windows, after the manner of the stations of the sun in each east, of his stations again — for each station in its time; three leaders who come after the leaders, each in their times.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:13; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:14", "chapter": 82, "verse": 14, "original": "ለቀዳማይ፡ ክፍለ፡ ዓመት፡ ይትለዐሉ፡ መልክኤል፡ ወእሉ፡ መራኅያኒሁ፡ ለቀዳማይ፡ ክፍለ፡ ዓመት፡ መልክኤል፡ ዘይትበሀል፡ ጸፋዳ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ወፀለለ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ መልዕልተ፡ መንበሮሙ፡ ለሰብዐ፡ ምሥራቅ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "la-qadāmāyə kəfla ʿāmat yətlaʿalu Malkəʾēl wa-ʾəllu marāḫəyānihu la-qadāmāyə kəfla ʿāmat Malkəʾēl zayətbahal Ṣafādā mangəśtu wa-ḍallala mangəśtu malʿəlta manbaromu la-səbʿa məśrāq", "english": "Over the first part of the year is set Melkiel; and these are his leaders for the first part of the year. Melkiel, who is called Tsefada — his dominion and the shadow of his dominion are over the stations of the seven [windows of the] east.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:14; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 may preserve fragmentary parallel (Drawnel 2011)"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:15", "chapter": 82, "verse": 15, "original": "በመዋዕሊሁ፡ ይከውን፡ ዘይምሉ፡ መልዕልተ፡ ምድር፡ ምክፋላት፡ ሐመስቱ፡ ዐሠርቱ፡ ስድስቱ፡ ምክፋላት፡ ብርሃኖሙ፡ ለመዋዕል፡ ብዙኃን፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ba-mawāʿəlihu yəkawwən zayəməllu malʿəlta mədr məkfālāt ḥamastu ʿaśartu sədəstu məkfālāt bərhānomu la-mawāʿəl bəzuḫān", "english": "In his days there is upon the earth a fullness of fifteen parts; the sixteen parts of their light are for many days.", "reference_english": "In the beginning of the year Melkejâl rises first and rules, who is named †Tam’âinî and sun,† and all the days of his dominion whilst he bears rule are ninety-one days. 16. And these are the signs of the days which are to be seen on earth in the days of his dominion: sweat, and heat, and calms; and all the trees bear fruit, and leaves are produced on all the trees, and the harvest of wheat, and the rose-flowers, and all the flowers which come forth in the field, but the trees of the winter season become withered. 17. And these are the names of the leaders which are under them: Berka’êl, Zêlebs’êl, and another who is added a head of a thousand, called Hîlujâseph: and the days of the dominion of this (leader) are at an end.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:15; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:16", "chapter": 82, "verse": 16, "original": "በመዋዕሊሁ፡ ይከውን፡ ብርሃን፡ ላዕለ፡ ምድር፡ ወመዋዕልት፡ ይነውሑ፡ ወአራዊት፡ ወጥይም፡ ይትከበቡ፡ ላዕለ፡ ምድር፡ ወይከውን፡ መዋዕል፡ ለመዋዕል፡ ይነውሕ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "ba-mawāʿəlihu yəkawwən bərhān lāʿla mədr wa-mawāʿəlt yənawwəḥu wa-ʾarāwit wa-ṭəyəm yətkababu lāʿla mədr wa-yəkawwən mawāʿəl la-mawāʿəl yənawwəḥ", "english": "In his days there is light upon the earth, and the days lengthen; and the beasts and the herbs spread out over the earth; and day grows longer than day.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:16; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:17", "chapter": 82, "verse": 17, "original": "ወእሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ለመራኅት፡ እለ፡ ድኅሬሁ፡ ቤርቤኤል፡ ወዘላቤኤል፡ ወሣልስ፡ ዘያትዌሰክ፡ ዘይሰምዮ፡ ሄሌአሞ፡ ወመዋዕለ፡ ምራኅቲሆሙ፡ ይትፌጸሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəllu səmātihomu la-marāḫət ʾəlla dəḫrēhu Bērbēʾēl wa-Zalābēʾēl wa-śāləs zayātwēsak zayəsamməyo Hēlēʾamamo wa-mawāʿəla mərāḫətihomu yətfēṣamu", "english": "And these are the names of the leaders who are after him: Berbeel, and Zalabeel, and the third, who is added, whose name is Heleyammamo; and the days of their leading are completed.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:17; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 may preserve partial parallel"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:18", "chapter": 82, "verse": 18, "original": "ካልዕ፡ መርሕ፡ ድኅሬሁ፡ ሄለሜሌክ፡ ስሙ፡ ዘጻድቅ፡ ብርሃን፡ ይጼውዕዎ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "kāləʿ marḥ dəḫrēhu Hēlamamēlek səmu zaṣādəq bərhān yəṣēwwəʿwwo", "english": "The next leader after him is Helemmelek, whose name they call 'the resplendent light.'", "reference_english": "The next leader after him is Hel’emmêlêk, whom one names the shining sun, and all the days of his light are ninety-one days. 19. And these are the signs of (his) days on the earth: glowing heat and dryness, and the trees ripen their fruits and produce all their fruits ripe and ready, and the sheep pair and become pregnant, and all the fruits of the earth are gathered in, and everything that is in the fields, and the winepress: these things take place in the days of his dominion. 20. These are the names, and the orders, and the leaders of those heads of thousands: Gîdâ’ijal, Kê’êl, and Hê’êl, and the name of the head of a thousand which is added to them, Asfâ’êl: and the days of his dominion are at an end.", "reference_version": "The Book of Enoch (R. H. Charles, 1917)", "reference_license": "Public Domain", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:18; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:19", "chapter": 82, "verse": 19, "original": "ወመዋዕሊሁ፡ ለመንግሥቱ፡ መዋዕልት፡ ይነውሑ፡ ወሌሊት፡ የሐጽጽ፡ ወሕግጋቲሁ፡ ለመንግሥቱ፡ ይከውን፡ ድርቅ፡ ወሞቅ፡ ወአራዊት፡ ይምልኡ፡ ወብርሃን፡ ይነውኅ፡ ወሌሊት፡ ይሕጽጽ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-mawāʿəlihu la-mangəśtu mawāʿəlt yənawwəḥu wa-lēlit yaḥaḍḍəḍ wa-ḥəgagāttihu la-mangəśtu yəkawwən dərq wa-moq wa-ʾarāwit yəməllu wa-bərhān yənawwəḫ wa-lēlit yəḥaḍḍəḍ", "english": "And in the days of his dominion the days lengthen and the night is shortened; and the laws of his dominion bring drought and heat, and the beasts multiply, and the light lengthens, and the night is shortened.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "", "glossary_refs": [], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:19; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177)", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 fragmentary"}
{"ref": "ENO-WOH-82:20", "chapter": 82, "verse": 20, "original": "ወእሉ፡ ስማቲሆሙ፡ ለመራኅት፡ ድኅሬሁ፡ ጊዳኤል፡ ወቄኤል፡ ወሄኤል፡ ወስሙ፡ ለመርሐ፡ ድኅሬሆሙ፡ ዘይትዌሰክ፡ አስፋኤል፡ ወመዋዕለ፡ መንግሥቱ፡ ይትፌጸሙ፡", "original_lang": "gez", "transliteration": "wa-ʾəllu səmātihomu la-marāḫət dəḫrēhu Gidāʾēl wa-Qēʾēl wa-Hēʾēl wa-səmu la-marḥa dəḫrēhomu zayətwēsak ʾAsfaʾēl wa-mawāʿəla mangəśtu yətfēṣamu", "english": "And these are the names of the leaders after him: Gidael, and Keel, and Heel; and the name of the leader who is added after them is Asphael; and the days of his dominion are completed.", "reference_english": "", "reference_version": "", "reference_license": "", "commentary": "**The Ge'ez ends abruptly mid-pattern — Aramaic 4Q211 preserves continuation beyond Ge'ez.** This verse closes the Ge'ez witness of the Astronomical Book at the summer-quarter (Helemmelek) section. The Aramaic 4Q211 fragments preserve a continuation beyond the Ge'ez ending — confirming Milik 1976's hypothesis that the original Aramaic Astronomical Book extended substantially further into autumn/winter quarter-leader material. The witness-fullness-inversion is consistent with the broader pattern documented at the per-translation overlay (`aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention`): the Aramaic preserves more text than the Ge'ez, suggesting the original Astronomical Book was substantially longer than what the Ge'ez tradition has transmitted.\n\nThe Ge'ez of v. 20 closes the chapter abruptly; the surviving 4Q211 Aramaic continuation has not been integrated into the WoH translation surface text (per the per-verse layered-witness convention, the Aramaic-only extra-Ge'ez material would require an appendix-extension; the WoH translation restricts to verses with Ge'ez parallel). The textual-witness situation is documented for the Reviewer's evaluation.", "glossary_refs": ["astronomical-book-1-enoch-72-82-aramaic-dss-oldest-witness-unit-entry", "aramaic-fuller-than-geez-lunar-tables-4q208-convention"], "witness_primary": "Ge'ez (Charles 1912 82:20; Knibb 1978 vol. 2 p. 177) — text ends here in the Ge'ez; **4Q211 frag 1 col. ii preserves CONTINUATION-MATERIAL beyond this point (Tigchelaar-García Martínez 2000 pp. 174-179; Drawnel 2011 pp. 379-385) — meaning the original Aramaic Astronomical Book continued beyond the Ge'ez ending.**", "witness_secondary": "Aramaic 4Q211 frag 1 col. ii has extra-Ge'ez material"}