{
  "name": "Wheel of Heaven Theomachy Cross-References",
  "description": "A cross-reference of the combat myth (chaoskampf) across the ancient traditions: a storm/order god defeating a chaos, sea, or dragon adversary. For each, the champion, the adversary, the form chaos takes, the weapon, the outcome, and the primary reference, with links to the digitized texts. CC0 public domain.",
  "license": "CC0-1.0",
  "landing_page": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/datasets/theomachy-crossrefs/",
  "columns": [
    "id",
    "tradition",
    "source_text",
    "reference",
    "champion",
    "adversary",
    "chaos_form",
    "weapon",
    "outcome",
    "woh_library"
  ],
  "count": 8,
  "rows": [
    {
      "id": "babylonian-marduk-tiamat",
      "tradition": "Babylonian (Akkadian)",
      "source_text": "Enūma Eliš",
      "reference": "Tablet IV",
      "champion": "Marduk (storm / order god)",
      "adversary": "Tiamat (and her champion Qingu)",
      "chaos_form": "Primordial salt-sea",
      "weapon": "The four winds, a net, bow, and mace",
      "outcome": "Tiamat's body split to form sky and earth; Marduk enthroned as king",
      "woh_library": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "ugaritic-baal-yam",
      "tradition": "Ugaritic (Canaanite)",
      "source_text": "Baal Cycle",
      "reference": "KTU 1.2; 1.5",
      "champion": "Baal (the storm-god)",
      "adversary": "Yam (Sea/Judge River); the serpent Lôtan (= Leviathan)",
      "chaos_form": "Sea; seven-headed serpent",
      "weapon": "The maces Yagrush and Ayamur (forged by Kothar-wa-Ḫasis)",
      "outcome": "Yam defeated; Baal acclaimed king",
      "woh_library": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/baal-cycle-woh/"
    },
    {
      "id": "hebrew-yahweh-leviathan",
      "tradition": "Hebrew / Biblical",
      "source_text": "Psalms, Isaiah, Job",
      "reference": "Ps 74:13–14; Isa 27:1; 51:9–10; Job 26:12–13",
      "champion": "Yahweh",
      "adversary": "Leviathan (Lôtan), Rahab, Tannin, the Sea",
      "chaos_form": "Sea-dragon / twisting serpent",
      "weapon": "Yahweh's rebuke and might",
      "outcome": "The chaos-monster crushed at creation, re-enacted at the Exodus — the combat demythologized into poetry",
      "woh_library": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/psalms/"
    },
    {
      "id": "greek-zeus-typhon",
      "tradition": "Greek",
      "source_text": "Hesiod, Theogony",
      "reference": "Theogony 820–880",
      "champion": "Zeus",
      "adversary": "Typhoeus (Typhon)",
      "chaos_form": "Hundred-headed earth-born monster",
      "weapon": "The thunderbolt",
      "outcome": "Typhon blasted and hurled to Tartarus (later, beneath Mt. Etna)",
      "woh_library": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "vedic-indra-vritra",
      "tradition": "Vedic / Hindu",
      "source_text": "Rig Veda",
      "reference": "RV 1.32; Book 10",
      "champion": "Indra",
      "adversary": "Vṛtra (the dragon, ahi)",
      "chaos_form": "Dragon enclosing the waters",
      "weapon": "The vajra (thunderbolt, forged by Tvaṣṭṛ)",
      "outcome": "Vṛtra slain; the pent-up seven rivers released",
      "woh_library": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/rig-veda-book-10/"
    },
    {
      "id": "hittite-stormgod-illuyanka",
      "tradition": "Hittite / Anatolian",
      "source_text": "Illuyanka Myth",
      "reference": "CTH 321",
      "champion": "The Storm-god (Tarḫunna)",
      "adversary": "The serpent Illuyanka",
      "chaos_form": "Serpent / dragon",
      "weapon": "Aided by the goddess Inara and the mortal Ḫupašiya",
      "outcome": "The serpent defeated (two versions); recited at the purulli festival",
      "woh_library": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "egyptian-ra-apophis",
      "tradition": "Egyptian",
      "source_text": "Coffin Texts / Book of the Dead",
      "reference": "Spells against Apep",
      "champion": "Ra (the sun), defended by Set",
      "adversary": "Apep (Apophis)",
      "chaos_form": "Chaos-serpent of the netherworld",
      "weapon": "Knives and spears",
      "outcome": "Apep repelled each night on the solar barque, but never finally destroyed",
      "woh_library": ""
    },
    {
      "id": "christian-michael-dragon",
      "tradition": "Christian",
      "source_text": "Revelation",
      "reference": "Revelation 12:7–9",
      "champion": "Michael and his angels",
      "adversary": "The great dragon (the ancient serpent, the Devil)",
      "chaos_form": "Seven-headed dragon",
      "weapon": "",
      "outcome": "The dragon defeated and cast down to the earth — the combat myth in eschatological key",
      "woh_library": "https://www.wheelofheaven.world/library/revelation/"
    }
  ]
}