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  ---
 
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  base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct
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  library_name: peft
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- pipeline_tag: text-generation
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  tags:
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- - base_model:adapter:Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct
 
 
 
 
 
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  - dpo
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- - lora
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- - transformers
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- - trl
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- # Model Card for Model ID
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- <!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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- ## Model Details
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- ### Model Description
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- <!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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- - **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- - **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ### Model Sources [optional]
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- <!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- - **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Uses
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- <!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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- ### Direct Use
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- <!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- ### Downstream Use [optional]
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- <!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
 
 
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Out-of-Scope Use
 
 
 
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- <!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
 
 
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Recommendations
 
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- <!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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- Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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- ## How to Get Started with the Model
 
 
 
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- Use the code below to get started with the model.
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- [More Information Needed]
 
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  ## Training Details
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- ### Training Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Training Procedure
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- <!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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- #### Preprocessing [optional]
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Training Hyperparameters
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- - **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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- #### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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- <!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Evaluation
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- <!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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- ### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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- #### Testing Data
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- <!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Factors
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- <!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- #### Metrics
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- <!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Results
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- #### Summary
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- ## Model Examination [optional]
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- <!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## Environmental Impact
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- <!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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- Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- - **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- - **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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- ## Technical Specifications [optional]
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- ### Model Architecture and Objective
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Compute Infrastructure
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- #### Hardware
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- #### Software
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- ## Citation [optional]
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- <!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
 
 
 
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- **BibTeX:**
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- [More Information Needed]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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- **APA:**
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- ## Glossary [optional]
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- <!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ## More Information [optional]
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- ## Model Card Authors [optional]
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- ## Model Card Contact
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- [More Information Needed]
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- ### Framework versions
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- - PEFT 0.18.1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ license: apache-2.0
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  base_model: Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct
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  library_name: peft
 
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  tags:
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+ - text-to-sql
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+ - sql
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+ - code-generation
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+ - bird
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+ - bird-sql
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+ - spider
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  - dpo
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+ - qwen
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+ - qwen2.5
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+ - text-generation
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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+ datasets:
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+ - birdsql/bird_mini_dev
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  ---
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+ # Qwen2.5-Coder-7B BIRD-DPO
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ A LoRA adapter for **Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct** fine-tuned for real-world Text-to-SQL with **DPO using frontier model disagreements**. Achieves **50.3% on the BIRD dev set** — a +23.3pp improvement over the base model on real-world database queries with messy schemas and domain-specific evidence.
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+ ## Results
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+ | Benchmark | Metric | Score |
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+ |---|---|---|
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+ | **BIRD dev** (1,534 Q) | Result accuracy | **50.3%** |
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+ | **BIRD mini-dev** (500 Q) | Result accuracy | **44.4%** |
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+ | BIRD mini-dev — Simple | Result accuracy | 62.8% |
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+ | BIRD mini-dev — Moderate | Result accuracy | 38.8% |
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+ | BIRD mini-dev — Challenging | Result accuracy | 31.4% |
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+ | **Spider V1 dev** (1,034 Q, cross-eval) | Result accuracy | **75.9%** |
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+ **Cross-domain transfer**: trained purely on BIRD, this adapter scores **75.9% on Spider** — only 2.3pp below a Spider-specific adapter (78.2%). Strong evidence that DPO from frontier disagreements generalizes across SQL benchmarks.
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+ | Model | BIRD dev |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | Qwen2.5-Coder-7B base | 27.0% |
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+ | Qwen2.5-Coder-7B + SFT only | ~35% |
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+ | **Qwen2.5-Coder-7B + SFT + BIRD-DPO (this model)** | **50.3%** |
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+ ## Quick Start
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+ ```python
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+ from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig
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+ from peft import PeftModel
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+ import torch
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+ BASE_MODEL = "Qwen/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Instruct"
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+ ADAPTER = "jk200201/qwen2.5-coder-7b-bird-dpo"
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+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(BASE_MODEL, trust_remote_code=True)
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+ bnb = BitsAndBytesConfig(
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+ load_in_4bit=True, bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
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+ bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16, bnb_4bit_use_double_quant=True,
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+ )
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+ model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
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+ BASE_MODEL, quantization_config=bnb, device_map="auto", trust_remote_code=True
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+ )
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+ model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(model, ADAPTER)
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+ model.eval()
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+ schema = "CREATE TABLE users (id INT, name TEXT, country TEXT);"
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+ question = "How many users are from Japan?"
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+ evidence = "" # optional domain hint for BIRD-style queries
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+ prompt = f"""Convert the following natural language question into a valid SQL query.
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+ Database Schema:
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+ {schema}
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+ {f'External Knowledge:{chr(10)}{evidence}{chr(10)}{chr(10)}' if evidence.strip() else ''}Question: {question}
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+ Return only the SQL query with no explanation."""
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+ inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
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+ [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
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+ return_tensors="pt", add_generation_prompt=True
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+ ).to(model.device)
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+ out = model.generate(inputs, max_new_tokens=256, do_sample=False, pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id)
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+ sql = tokenizer.decode(out[0][inputs.shape[-1]:], skip_special_tokens=True).strip()
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+ print(sql)
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+ ```
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  ## Training Details
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+ **The novel idea**: rather than human-annotated preferences, this model uses **automatically generated preference pairs from frontier model disagreements** — total cost: ~$25 of OpenRouter API calls.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ### Pipeline
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+ 1. Run **Grok-4.1-fast** and **DeepSeek-V3.2** on BIRD train (9,428 questions). Both score ~53%.
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+ 2. Compare results question-by-question. Where one model is right and the other wrong → preference pair (1,219 pairs from BIRD).
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+ 3. SFT Qwen2.5-Coder-7B on BIRD train gold SQL (QLoRA r=32, α=64, NF4 4-bit, 3 epochs).
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+ 4. DPO on the 1,219 clear-preference pairs on top of SFT (β=0.05, 1 epoch, cutoff=8192).
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+ ### Hyperparameters
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+ | Stage | Setting |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | Quantization | 4-bit NF4 (QLoRA) |
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+ | LoRA rank | 32 |
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+ | LoRA alpha | 64 |
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+ | LoRA dropout | 0.05 |
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+ | Target modules | q/k/v/o_proj, gate/up/down_proj |
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+ | SFT epochs | 3, LR 2e-4 cosine |
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+ | DPO epochs | 1, LR 5e-5 cosine, β=0.05 |
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+ | Cutoff length | 8,192 tokens (H200 80GB) |
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+ ### Hardware
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+ Northeastern Discovery HPC — single NVIDIA H200 80GB. Training time: ~1h 15min.
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+ ## Key Finding — What Doesn't Work
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+ Initially trained with 4,677 pairs (1,219 clear-preference + 3,458 judge-resolved style pairs). This **regressed to 40.7%** (-9.6pp).
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+ **Lesson**: judge-resolved pairs where both models are correct but write different SQL carry zero correctness signal for BIRD's result-accuracy metric. They dilute training and hurt performance. Only use pairs where one model is right and one is wrong.
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+ ## Limitations
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+ - BIRD test set was not used (hidden); evaluation is on the public dev set
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+ - Real-world databases with very long schemas (>8K tokens) get truncated
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+ - Optimized for SQLite syntax (BIRD format); MySQL/PostgreSQL outputs may need adaptation
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+ - Trained only on English questions
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+ ## Related Models
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+ - **Spider version** of this approach: [`jk200201/qwen2.5-coder-7b-sql-dpo`](https://huggingface.co/jk200201/qwen2.5-coder-7b-sql-dpo) — 78.2% on Spider V1, also beats Grok-4 and DeepSeek V3
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+ ## Citation
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+ If you use this model, please cite:
 
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @misc{kothari2026qwenbirddpo,
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+ author = {Kothari, Jenish},
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+ title = {Qwen2.5-Coder-7B BIRD-DPO: Frontier-Disagreement DPO for Real-World Text-to-SQL},
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+ year = {2026},
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+ publisher = {Hugging Face},
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+ howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/jk200201/qwen2.5-coder-7b-bird-dpo}},
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+ }
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+ ```