---
datasets:
- nuhuibrahim/recifinegold
language:
- en
base_model:
- FacebookAI/roberta-base
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
tags:
  - token-classification
  - named-entity-recognition
  - roberta
  - recipes
  - knowledge-augmented
  - entity-conditioned
---

# ReciFineGold RecipeRoBERTa (Knowledge-Augmented and Entity Type-Specific (KAES) Token Classification with Definition Knowledge Type) `recifinegold-reciperoberta-ka-definition`

This model is a **RoBERTa-base** token-classification model trained on **ReciFineGold** for **recipe-focused Named Entity Recognition (NER)** using a **Knowledge-Augmented & Entity Type-Specific (KAES)** formulation.

In KAES, the model extracts **one entity type at a time** by **prepending a curated knowledge context** (here: a natural-language **definition prompt**) to the input recipe sentence. This encourages the encoder to focus on spans relevant to the requested entity type, rather than relying only on the sentence’s internal context.

## What this checkpoint is

- **Backbone:** RoBERTa-base
- **Task:** Token classification (BIO-style tagging)
- **Formulation:** Knowledge-Augmented + Entity Type-Specific (single entity type per run)
- **Knowledge type:** **Definition prompt** (e.g., “A STATE describes the physical condition of an ingredient.”)

## How to use

The ReciFine library provides a lightweight inference wrapper (`ReciFineNER`) that handles the KAES prompting and decoding.

```python
# Install ReciFine (see repo for latest install instructions)
pip install https://github.com/nuhu-ibrahim/ReciFine/archive/refs/tags/V1.zip

from recifine.inferencing.inference import ReciFineNER

ner = ReciFineNER.from_pretrained(
    model="reciperoberta",
    task_formulation="knowledge_guided",
    knowledge_type="definition",
)

text = "Add 2 cups of chopped onions and fry until golden."
prediction = ner.process_text(text, entity_type="QUANTITY")

print(prediction)
```

## Quick links (documentation + notebook)

- **ReciFine library (recommended):** training scripts, inference wrappers, and full documentation  
  https://github.com/nuhu-ibrahim/ReciFine/tree/main

- **Colab (end-to-end usage demo):**  
  https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1CatH2YOhnOWf-VglprEgxONWRkrXRBXo?usp=sharing&authuser=1

## Intended use

Use this model to extract **fine-grained recipe entities** from procedural recipe text (e.g., instructions), including ingredients, tools, quantities, durations, actions, and state descriptors.

Typical applications:
- Structured parsing of recipe steps
- Ingredient and action extraction for downstream cooking assistants
- Data normalisation and indexing for recipe search
- Entity-aware prompting and evaluation pipelines for recipe generation

## Knowledge-Augmented & Entity Type-Specific classification (KAES)

Unlike traditional token classification pipelines that rely solely on internal sentence context, we adopt a **KA formulation** that prepends curated knowledge contexts to the input to guide the model toward the entities of the relevant entity type.

Let the token sequence for a recipe sentence be denoted as:

```
x = {x1, x2, ..., xn}
```

and let the knowledge context associated with a particular entity type `Ej` be represented as a natural language context:

```
pj = {p1(j), ..., pm(j)}
```

Each context `pj` belongs to one of five types (question type, definition type, examples type, entity type name type, and combined type).

We construct the augmented input to the encoder as:

```
x̃ = {[CLS], pj, [SEP], x1, ..., xn, [SEP]}
```

where `m` is the length of the context and `n` is the length of the recipe tokens. The full sequence `x̃` is passed through a transformer encoder (e.g., BERT or RoBERTa), and a feedforward classification layer predicts BIO tags for each token.

This setup introduces a form of **entity type conditioning**, enabling the model to modulate its attention and token representations based on the target entity type. Unlike multi-entity type classification with shared label spaces, our formulation uses a **single encoder across all entity types** but treats **each classification task independently**.

### Supported knowledge types (KAES)

1. **Entity Type Name (`entity_type`)**: A plain directive that names the entity type, e.g., *FOOD STATE*.
2. **Question Prompt (`question`)**: A natural question about the entity type, e.g., *Which words describe the state of the food?*.
3. **Example Type (`example`)**: A list of entity examples, e.g., *melted, frozen, chopped*.
4. **Definitional Sentence (`definition`)**: A brief definition of the entity type, e.g., *A STATE describes the physical condition of an ingredient*.
5. **Combined Type (`all`)**: A concatenation of all the above, providing the richest context.

### Supported entity types

| Entity Type | Definition |
|---|---|
| `FOOD` | Edible items, including both raw ingredients and intermediate products |
| `TOOL` | Cooking tools such as *knives, bowls, pans* |
| `DURATION` | Time durations in cooking (e.g., *20 minutes*) |
| `QUANTITY` | Quantities associated with ingredients |
| `ACTION_BY_CHEF` | Verbs for deliberate cook actions (e.g., *bring* in “Bring the mixture to a boil”) |
| `ACTION_BY_CHEF_DISCONTINUOUS` | Non-contiguous parts of compound chef actions (e.g., *to a boil*) |
| `ACTION_BY_FOOD` | Verbs where food is the agent (e.g., *melt, boil*) |
| `ACTION_BY_TOOL` | Verbs denoting tool actions (e.g., *grind, beat*) |
| `FOOD_STATE` | Descriptions of food’s state (e.g., *chopped, soft*) |
| `TOOL_STATE` | Descriptions of tool readiness (e.g., *preheated, greased, covered*) |

## Research Papers

### Knowledge-Augmented and Entity Type-Specific Token Classification
The knowledge-augmented and entity type-specific token classification model architecture is described in the paper 
**Knowledge Augmentation Enhances Token Classification for Recipe Understanding**.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{
  title     = {Knowledge Augmentation Enhances Token Classification for Recipe Understanding},
  author    = {Ibrahim, Nuhu and Stevens, Robert and Batista-Navarro, Riza},
  booktitle = {EACL},
  year      = {2026}
}
```

### ReciFine Datasets and Controllable Recipe Generation
The ReciFine, ReciFineGold and ReciFineGen datasets are described in the paper
**ReciFine: Finely Annotated Recipe Dataset for Controllable Recipe Generation**.

```bibtex
@inproceedings{
  title   = {ReciFine: Finely Annotated Recipe Dataset for Controllable Recipe Generation},
  author  = {Ibrahim, Nuhu and Ravikumar, Rishi and Stevens, Robert and Batista-Navarro, Riza},
  booktitle = {EACL},
  year    = {2026}
}
```