---
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:557850
- loss:MatryoshkaLoss
- loss:MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
base_model: sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2
datasets: []
metrics:
- pearson_cosine
- spearman_cosine
- pearson_manhattan
- spearman_manhattan
- pearson_euclidean
- spearman_euclidean
- pearson_dot
- spearman_dot
- pearson_max
- spearman_max
widget:
- source_sentence: Mwanamume aliyepangwa vizuri anasimama kwa mguu mmoja karibu na
pwani safi ya bahari.
sentences:
- mtu anacheka wakati wa kufua nguo
- Mwanamume fulani yuko nje karibu na ufuo wa bahari.
- Mwanamume fulani ameketi kwenye sofa yake.
- source_sentence: Mwanamume mwenye ngozi nyeusi akivuta sigareti karibu na chombo
cha taka cha kijani.
sentences:
- Karibu na chombo cha taka mwanamume huyo alisimama na kuvuta sigareti
- Kitanda ni chafu.
- Alipokuwa kwenye dimbwi la kuogelea mvulana huyo mwenye ugonjwa wa albino alijihadhari
na jua kupita kiasi
- source_sentence: Mwanamume kijana mwenye nywele nyekundu anaketi ukutani akisoma
gazeti huku mwanamke na msichana mchanga wakipita.
sentences:
- Mwanamume aliyevalia shati la bluu amegonga ukuta kando ya barabara na gari la
bluu na gari nyekundu lenye maji nyuma.
- Mwanamume mchanga anatazama gazeti huku wanawake wawili wakipita karibu naye.
- Mwanamume huyo mchanga analala huku Mama akimwongoza binti yake kwenye bustani.
- source_sentence: Wasichana wako nje.
sentences:
- Wasichana wawili wakisafiri kwenye sehemu ya kusisimua.
- Kuna watu watatu wakiongoza gari linaloweza kugeuzwa-geuzwa wakipita watu wengine.
- Wasichana watatu wamesimama pamoja katika chumba, mmoja anasikiliza, mwingine
anaandika ukutani na wa tatu anaongea nao.
- source_sentence: Mwanamume aliyevalia koti la bluu la kuzuia upepo, amelala uso
chini kwenye benchi ya bustani, akiwa na chupa ya pombe iliyofungwa kwenye mojawapo
ya miguu ya benchi.
sentences:
- Mwanamume amelala uso chini kwenye benchi ya bustani.
- Mwanamke anaunganisha uzi katika mipira kando ya rundo la mipira
- Mwanamume fulani anacheza dansi kwenye klabu hiyo akifungua chupa.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2
results:
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts test 768
type: sts-test-768
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.7073072916945755
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.7038302407401268
name: Spearman Cosine
- type: pearson_manhattan
value: 0.6971720016143421
name: Pearson Manhattan
- type: spearman_manhattan
value: 0.6937589389074208
name: Spearman Manhattan
- type: pearson_euclidean
value: 0.6995677027369716
name: Pearson Euclidean
- type: spearman_euclidean
value: 0.6964739266023146
name: Spearman Euclidean
- type: pearson_dot
value: 0.610950397941133
name: Pearson Dot
- type: spearman_dot
value: 0.593970670155461
name: Spearman Dot
- type: pearson_max
value: 0.7073072916945755
name: Pearson Max
- type: spearman_max
value: 0.7038302407401268
name: Spearman Max
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts test 512
type: sts-test-512
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.7045540268598433
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.7023621139637947
name: Spearman Cosine
- type: pearson_manhattan
value: 0.6975397258794529
name: Pearson Manhattan
- type: spearman_manhattan
value: 0.6927560109749419
name: Spearman Manhattan
- type: pearson_euclidean
value: 0.6985549032977664
name: Pearson Euclidean
- type: spearman_euclidean
value: 0.6941789537125014
name: Spearman Euclidean
- type: pearson_dot
value: 0.582046017636523
name: Pearson Dot
- type: spearman_dot
value: 0.565355081915806
name: Spearman Dot
- type: pearson_max
value: 0.7045540268598433
name: Pearson Max
- type: spearman_max
value: 0.7023621139637947
name: Spearman Max
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts test 256
type: sts-test-256
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.7012922000956245
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.7016107934280537
name: Spearman Cosine
- type: pearson_manhattan
value: 0.69508092429561
name: Pearson Manhattan
- type: spearman_manhattan
value: 0.6879849400335534
name: Spearman Manhattan
- type: pearson_euclidean
value: 0.6956451936598814
name: Pearson Euclidean
- type: spearman_euclidean
value: 0.6890266593479353
name: Spearman Euclidean
- type: pearson_dot
value: 0.5501625376986127
name: Pearson Dot
- type: spearman_dot
value: 0.5332005894675337
name: Spearman Dot
- type: pearson_max
value: 0.7012922000956245
name: Pearson Max
- type: spearman_max
value: 0.7016107934280537
name: Spearman Max
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts test 128
type: sts-test-128
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.6980581280594836
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.7000311940508227
name: Spearman Cosine
- type: pearson_manhattan
value: 0.6910651227829323
name: Pearson Manhattan
- type: spearman_manhattan
value: 0.6823572623875095
name: Spearman Manhattan
- type: pearson_euclidean
value: 0.6922658508243149
name: Pearson Euclidean
- type: spearman_euclidean
value: 0.6838439746630024
name: Spearman Euclidean
- type: pearson_dot
value: 0.5156063038618797
name: Pearson Dot
- type: spearman_dot
value: 0.5006742054178095
name: Spearman Dot
- type: pearson_max
value: 0.6980581280594836
name: Pearson Max
- type: spearman_max
value: 0.7000311940508227
name: Spearman Max
- task:
type: semantic-similarity
name: Semantic Similarity
dataset:
name: sts test 64
type: sts-test-64
metrics:
- type: pearson_cosine
value: 0.6865218902262467
name: Pearson Cosine
- type: spearman_cosine
value: 0.6901005120722546
name: Spearman Cosine
- type: pearson_manhattan
value: 0.681113101036276
name: Pearson Manhattan
- type: spearman_manhattan
value: 0.6713556700583071
name: Spearman Manhattan
- type: pearson_euclidean
value: 0.6816926483485075
name: Pearson Euclidean
- type: spearman_euclidean
value: 0.6701163777153826
name: Spearman Euclidean
- type: pearson_dot
value: 0.4686654293362901
name: Pearson Dot
- type: spearman_dot
value: 0.4520420017929889
name: Spearman Dot
- type: pearson_max
value: 0.6865218902262467
name: Pearson Max
- type: spearman_max
value: 0.6901005120722546
name: Spearman Max
---
# SentenceTransformer based on sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2)
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 128 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 128, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: XLMRobertaModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sartifyllc/swahili-paraphrase-multilingual-mpnet-base-v2-nli-matryoshka")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'Mwanamume aliyevalia koti la bluu la kuzuia upepo, amelala uso chini kwenye benchi ya bustani, akiwa na chupa ya pombe iliyofungwa kwenye mojawapo ya miguu ya benchi.',
'Mwanamume amelala uso chini kwenye benchi ya bustani.',
'Mwanamume fulani anacheza dansi kwenye klabu hiyo akifungua chupa.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `sts-test-768`
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.7073 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.7038** |
| pearson_manhattan | 0.6972 |
| spearman_manhattan | 0.6938 |
| pearson_euclidean | 0.6996 |
| spearman_euclidean | 0.6965 |
| pearson_dot | 0.611 |
| spearman_dot | 0.594 |
| pearson_max | 0.7073 |
| spearman_max | 0.7038 |
#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `sts-test-512`
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.7046 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.7024** |
| pearson_manhattan | 0.6975 |
| spearman_manhattan | 0.6928 |
| pearson_euclidean | 0.6986 |
| spearman_euclidean | 0.6942 |
| pearson_dot | 0.582 |
| spearman_dot | 0.5654 |
| pearson_max | 0.7046 |
| spearman_max | 0.7024 |
#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `sts-test-256`
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.7013 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.7016** |
| pearson_manhattan | 0.6951 |
| spearman_manhattan | 0.688 |
| pearson_euclidean | 0.6956 |
| spearman_euclidean | 0.689 |
| pearson_dot | 0.5502 |
| spearman_dot | 0.5332 |
| pearson_max | 0.7013 |
| spearman_max | 0.7016 |
#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `sts-test-128`
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:--------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.6981 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.7** |
| pearson_manhattan | 0.6911 |
| spearman_manhattan | 0.6824 |
| pearson_euclidean | 0.6923 |
| spearman_euclidean | 0.6838 |
| pearson_dot | 0.5156 |
| spearman_dot | 0.5007 |
| pearson_max | 0.6981 |
| spearman_max | 0.7 |
#### Semantic Similarity
* Dataset: `sts-test-64`
* Evaluated with [EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator)
| Metric | Value |
|:--------------------|:-----------|
| pearson_cosine | 0.6865 |
| **spearman_cosine** | **0.6901** |
| pearson_manhattan | 0.6811 |
| spearman_manhattan | 0.6714 |
| pearson_euclidean | 0.6817 |
| spearman_euclidean | 0.6701 |
| pearson_dot | 0.4687 |
| spearman_dot | 0.452 |
| pearson_max | 0.6865 |
| spearman_max | 0.6901 |
## Training Details
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
#### All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
### Training Logs
Click to expand
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | sts-test-128_spearman_cosine | sts-test-256_spearman_cosine | sts-test-512_spearman_cosine | sts-test-64_spearman_cosine | sts-test-768_spearman_cosine |
|:------:|:-----:|:-------------:|:----------------------------:|:----------------------------:|:----------------------------:|:---------------------------:|:----------------------------:|
| 0.0057 | 100 | 18.7677 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0115 | 200 | 10.5065 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0172 | 300 | 8.0917 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0229 | 400 | 8.4617 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0287 | 500 | 8.0789 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0344 | 600 | 7.3287 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0402 | 700 | 6.3282 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0459 | 800 | 5.5327 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0516 | 900 | 5.7985 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0574 | 1000 | 6.1129 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0631 | 1100 | 6.1784 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0688 | 1200 | 6.3647 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0746 | 1300 | 7.4443 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0803 | 1400 | 6.6881 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0860 | 1500 | 6.09 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0918 | 1600 | 5.4176 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.0975 | 1700 | 5.4563 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1033 | 1800 | 5.7071 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1090 | 1900 | 7.0201 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1147 | 2000 | 6.2688 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1205 | 2100 | 6.1499 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1262 | 2200 | 5.947 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1319 | 2300 | 5.5437 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1377 | 2400 | 5.4958 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1434 | 2500 | 5.5032 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1491 | 2600 | 4.8026 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1549 | 2700 | 5.0879 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1606 | 2800 | 5.6166 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1664 | 2900 | 5.8146 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1721 | 3000 | 6.4168 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1778 | 3100 | 6.5094 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1836 | 3200 | 5.9273 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1893 | 3300 | 5.6202 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1950 | 3400 | 5.1419 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2008 | 3500 | 5.9303 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2065 | 3600 | 5.3225 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2122 | 3700 | 5.5183 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2180 | 3800 | 5.6644 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2237 | 3900 | 6.2006 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2294 | 4000 | 5.8684 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2352 | 4100 | 5.5406 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2409 | 4200 | 5.1763 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2467 | 4300 | 5.7639 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2524 | 4400 | 5.8734 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2581 | 4500 | 6.0215 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2639 | 4600 | 5.5183 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2696 | 4700 | 5.5938 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2753 | 4800 | 5.6869 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2811 | 4900 | 5.1235 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2868 | 5000 | 5.189 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2925 | 5100 | 5.081 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2983 | 5200 | 5.4992 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3040 | 5300 | 5.6662 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3098 | 5400 | 5.5772 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3155 | 5500 | 5.3595 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3212 | 5600 | 4.805 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3270 | 5700 | 5.1821 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3327 | 5800 | 5.3221 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3384 | 5900 | 5.4223 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3442 | 6000 | 5.2718 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3499 | 6100 | 5.2213 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3556 | 6200 | 5.5453 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3614 | 6300 | 4.8502 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3671 | 6400 | 4.8912 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3729 | 6500 | 4.8791 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3786 | 6600 | 5.2418 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3843 | 6700 | 4.7621 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3901 | 6800 | 4.9017 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3958 | 6900 | 4.8965 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4015 | 7000 | 4.6081 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4073 | 7100 | 5.4256 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4130 | 7200 | 5.0878 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4187 | 7300 | 4.9899 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4245 | 7400 | 4.8508 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4302 | 7500 | 5.253 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4360 | 7600 | 4.8363 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4417 | 7700 | 4.5555 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4474 | 7800 | 4.9668 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4532 | 7900 | 5.1911 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4589 | 8000 | 4.468 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4646 | 8100 | 4.8253 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4704 | 8200 | 4.89 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4761 | 8300 | 4.5547 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4818 | 8400 | 4.9499 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4876 | 8500 | 4.777 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4933 | 8600 | 4.8066 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4991 | 8700 | 5.0615 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5048 | 8800 | 4.9215 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5105 | 8900 | 4.8484 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5163 | 9000 | 4.6272 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5220 | 9100 | 4.8225 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5277 | 9200 | 4.7131 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5335 | 9300 | 4.3969 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5392 | 9400 | 4.4143 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5449 | 9500 | 4.9588 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5507 | 9600 | 4.7358 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5564 | 9700 | 5.0527 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5622 | 9800 | 4.852 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5679 | 9900 | 5.0855 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5736 | 10000 | 4.8507 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5794 | 10100 | 4.8007 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5851 | 10200 | 4.7279 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5908 | 10300 | 5.0171 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5966 | 10400 | 4.5288 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6023 | 10500 | 4.4488 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6080 | 10600 | 4.6557 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6138 | 10700 | 4.6881 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6195 | 10800 | 5.0514 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6253 | 10900 | 4.6301 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6310 | 11000 | 4.8233 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6367 | 11100 | 5.0136 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6425 | 11200 | 4.3774 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6482 | 11300 | 5.1213 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6539 | 11400 | 4.528 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6597 | 11500 | 4.8555 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6654 | 11600 | 4.2198 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6711 | 11700 | 5.0931 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6769 | 11800 | 4.9511 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6826 | 11900 | 4.5414 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6883 | 12000 | 4.5039 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6941 | 12100 | 4.8238 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6998 | 12200 | 4.6237 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7056 | 12300 | 4.6771 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7113 | 12400 | 4.6187 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7170 | 12500 | 4.4485 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7228 | 12600 | 4.2029 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7285 | 12700 | 4.5829 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7342 | 12800 | 4.617 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7400 | 12900 | 4.5606 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7457 | 13000 | 4.5745 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7514 | 13100 | 4.1457 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7572 | 13200 | 7.2499 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7629 | 13300 | 6.3681 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7687 | 13400 | 6.2052 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7744 | 13500 | 5.9569 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7801 | 13600 | 5.2649 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7859 | 13700 | 5.5198 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7916 | 13800 | 5.2808 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7973 | 13900 | 5.1534 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8031 | 14000 | 4.7831 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8088 | 14100 | 4.5975 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8145 | 14200 | 4.6134 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8203 | 14300 | 4.5497 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8260 | 14400 | 4.6003 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8318 | 14500 | 4.7011 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8375 | 14600 | 4.4208 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8432 | 14700 | 4.4052 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8490 | 14800 | 4.1121 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8547 | 14900 | 4.2418 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8604 | 15000 | 4.2314 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8662 | 15100 | 3.8679 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8719 | 15200 | 4.0173 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8776 | 15300 | 4.0758 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8834 | 15400 | 3.8581 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8891 | 15500 | 4.0601 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8949 | 15600 | 3.8738 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9006 | 15700 | 4.0744 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9063 | 15800 | 3.917 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9121 | 15900 | 3.7996 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9178 | 16000 | 3.7511 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9235 | 16100 | 3.7654 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9293 | 16200 | 3.6185 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9350 | 16300 | 3.5877 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9407 | 16400 | 3.8974 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9465 | 16500 | 3.5654 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9522 | 16600 | 3.6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9580 | 16700 | 3.6468 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9637 | 16800 | 3.7221 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9694 | 16900 | 3.5939 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9752 | 17000 | 3.8597 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9809 | 17100 | 3.6323 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9866 | 17200 | 3.5251 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9924 | 17300 | 3.6949 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9981 | 17400 | 3.5682 | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1.0 | 17433 | - | 0.7000 | 0.7016 | 0.7024 | 0.6901 | 0.7038 |
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.11.9
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.40.1
- PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.29.3
- Datasets: 2.19.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
#### MatryoshkaLoss
```bibtex
@misc{kusupati2024matryoshka,
title={Matryoshka Representation Learning},
author={Aditya Kusupati and Gantavya Bhatt and Aniket Rege and Matthew Wallingford and Aditya Sinha and Vivek Ramanujan and William Howard-Snyder and Kaifeng Chen and Sham Kakade and Prateek Jain and Ali Farhadi},
year={2024},
eprint={2205.13147},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.LG}
}
```
#### MultipleNegativesRankingLoss
```bibtex
@misc{henderson2017efficient,
title={Efficient Natural Language Response Suggestion for Smart Reply},
author={Matthew Henderson and Rami Al-Rfou and Brian Strope and Yun-hsuan Sung and Laszlo Lukacs and Ruiqi Guo and Sanjiv Kumar and Balint Miklos and Ray Kurzweil},
year={2017},
eprint={1705.00652},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```