"""
Unified metadata fetchers for BibGuard.
"""
import re
import time
import random
import requests
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional, Any
from urllib.parse import quote
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

@dataclass
class FetchResult:
    """Unified fetch result."""
    title: str = ""
    authors: list[str] | str = ""
    year: str = ""
    doi: str = ""
    url: str = ""
    source: str = ""
    conference_year: str = ""   # Year from journal_ref / conference proceedings
    year_source: str = ""      # Where the year came from

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.authors is None: self.authors = []
        if isinstance(self.authors, str) and self.authors:
            # Simple split if string provided
            self.authors = [a.strip() for a in re.split(r',| and ', self.authors) if a.strip()]

class BaseFetcher:
    """Base class for fetchers."""
    def _rate_limit(self, delay: float, last_time: float) -> float:
        elapsed = time.time() - last_time
        if elapsed < delay:
            time.sleep(delay - elapsed)
        return time.time()

class ArxivFetcher(BaseFetcher):
    """Fetches metadata from arXiv API."""
    API_BASE = "http://export.arxiv.org/api/query"
    
    def __init__(self):
        self._last_req = 0.0

    def fetch_by_id(self, arxiv_id: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(3.0, self._last_req)
        clean_id = re.sub(r'^arXiv:', '', arxiv_id, flags=re.IGNORECASE).strip()
        try:
            resp = requests.get(self.API_BASE, params={'id_list': clean_id, 'max_results': 1}, timeout=30)
            return self._parse(resp.text)
        except Exception: return None

    def search_by_title(self, title: str) -> list[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(3.0, self._last_req)
        clean = re.sub(r'[^\w\s]', ' ', title).strip()
        try:
            resp = requests.get(self.API_BASE, params={'search_query': f'ti:"{clean}"', 'max_results': 3}, timeout=30)
            return self._parse(resp.text, multiple=True)
        except Exception: return []

    def _parse(self, xml: str, multiple=False) -> Optional[FetchResult] | list[FetchResult]:
        try:
            root = ET.fromstring(xml)
            ns = {'atom': 'http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom', 'arxiv': 'http://arxiv.org/schemas/atom'}
            entries = root.findall('atom:entry', ns)
            results = []
            for entry in entries:
                id_txt = entry.find('atom:id', ns).text
                title = entry.find('atom:title', ns).text.strip()
                authors = [a.find('atom:name', ns).text for a in entry.findall('atom:author', ns)]
                pub = entry.find('atom:published', ns).text
                year = pub[:4] if pub else ""
                doi_elem = entry.find('arxiv:doi', ns)
                doi = doi_elem.text if doi_elem is not None else ""
                
                # Extract conference year from journal_ref if available
                conference_year = ""
                journal_ref_elem = entry.find('arxiv:journal_ref', ns)
                if journal_ref_elem is not None and journal_ref_elem.text:
                    jr_text = journal_ref_elem.text.strip()
                    year_match = re.search(r'\b(19|20)\d{2}\b', jr_text)
                    if year_match:
                        conference_year = year_match.group(0)
                
                result = FetchResult(
                    title=title,
                    authors=authors,
                    year=year,
                    doi=doi,
                    url=id_txt,
                    source="arxiv",
                    conference_year=conference_year,
                    year_source="arxiv_journal_ref" if conference_year else "arxiv_submission",
                )
                results.append(result)
            
            if multiple: return results
            return results[0] if results else None
        except Exception:
            return [] if multiple else None

class CrossRefFetcher(BaseFetcher):
    """Fetches from CrossRef API."""
    API_BASE = "https://api.crossref.org/works"
    
    def __init__(self, email=None):
        self._last_req = 0.0
        self.headers = {'User-Agent': f'BibGuard/1.0 (mailto:{email or "user@example.com"})'}

    def search_by_title(self, title: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(0.2, self._last_req)
        try:
            resp = requests.get(self.API_BASE, params={'query.bibliographic': title, 'rows': 1}, headers=self.headers, timeout=10)
            data = resp.json()['message']['items']
            if data: return self._parse(data[0])
        except Exception: pass
        return None
    
    def search_by_doi(self, doi: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(0.2, self._last_req)
        try:
            resp = requests.get(f"{self.API_BASE}/{quote(doi)}", headers=self.headers, timeout=10)
            return self._parse(resp.json()['message'])
        except Exception: return None

    def _parse(self, item: dict) -> FetchResult:
        title = item.get('title', [''])[0]
        authors = [f"{a.get('given','')} {a.get('family','')}".strip() for a in item.get('author', [])]
        year = str(item.get('published-print', {}).get('date-parts', [[None]])[0][0] or "")
        return FetchResult(title, authors, year, item.get('DOI', ''), item.get('URL', ''), "crossref")

class DBLPFetcher(BaseFetcher):
    """Fetches from DBLP."""
    API_BASE = "https://dblp.org/search/publ/api"
    
    # DBLP disambiguation ID: 4-digit suffix appended to author names
    # e.g. "Tian Tan 0019", "Wei Li 0119"
    _DISAMBIG_RE = re.compile(r'\s+\d{4}\s*$')

    def __init__(self):
        self._last_req = 0.0

    @staticmethod
    def _strip_disambig(name: str) -> str:
        """Strip DBLP disambiguation suffix from author name."""
        return DBLPFetcher._DISAMBIG_RE.sub('', name).strip()

    def search_by_title(self, title: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(1.0, self._last_req)
        try:
            resp = requests.get(self.API_BASE, params={'q': title, 'format': 'json', 'h': 1}, timeout=10)
            hits = resp.json().get('result', {}).get('hits', {}).get('hit', [])
            if hits:
                info = hits[0]['info']
                authors = info.get('authors', {}).get('author', [])
                if isinstance(authors, dict): authors = [self._strip_disambig(authors.get('text', ''))]
                elif isinstance(authors, list): authors = [self._strip_disambig(a.get('text', '')) for a in authors]
                return FetchResult(info.get('title', '').rstrip('.'), authors, info.get('year', ''), info.get('doi', ''), info.get('url', ''), "dblp")
        except Exception: pass
        return None

class SemanticScholarFetcher(BaseFetcher):
    """Fetches from Semantic Scholar."""
    API_BASE = "https://api.semanticscholar.org/graph/v1/paper"

    def __init__(self):
        self._last_req = 0.0

    def search_by_title(self, title: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        return self._fetch(f"{self.API_BASE}/search", {'query': title, 'limit': 1, 'fields': 'title,authors,year,doi,url'})

    def fetch_by_doi(self, doi: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        return self._fetch(f"{self.API_BASE}/DOI:{doi}", {'fields': 'title,authors,year,doi,url'})

    def _fetch(self, url, params) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(2.0, self._last_req)
        try:
            resp = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=10)
            data = resp.json()
            if 'data' in data and data['data']: data = data['data'][0] # Handle search result
            if 'error' in data: return None
            
            authors = [a['name'] for a in data.get('authors', [])]
            return FetchResult(data.get('title', ''), authors, str(data.get('year', '')), data.get('doi', ''), data.get('url', ''), "semantic_scholar")
        except Exception: return None

class OpenAlexFetcher(BaseFetcher):
    """Fetches from OpenAlex."""
    API_BASE = "https://api.openalex.org/works"

    def __init__(self):
        self._last_req = 0.0

    def search_by_title(self, title: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(0.2, self._last_req)
        try:
            resp = requests.get(self.API_BASE, params={'search': title, 'per-page': 1}, timeout=10)
            data = resp.json().get('results', [])
            if data: return self._parse(data[0])
        except Exception: pass
        return None

    def fetch_by_doi(self, doi: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(0.2, self._last_req)
        try:
            resp = requests.get(f"{self.API_BASE}/https://doi.org/{doi}", timeout=10)
            return self._parse(resp.json())
        except Exception: return None

    def _parse(self, data: dict) -> FetchResult:
        authors = [a['author']['display_name'] for a in data.get('authorships', [])]
        doi = data.get('doi', '').replace('https://doi.org/', '')
        return FetchResult(data.get('title', ''), authors, str(data.get('publication_year', '')), doi, data.get('id', ''), "openalex")

class ScholarFetcher(BaseFetcher):
    """Google Scholar Scraper (Fallback)."""
    SEARCH_URL = "https://scholar.google.com/scholar"
    
    def __init__(self):
        self._last_req = 0.0
        self._session = requests.Session()
        self._blocked = False

    def search_by_title(self, title: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        if self._blocked: return None
        self._last_req = self._rate_limit(5.0 + random.random() * 3, self._last_req) # Polite delay
        try:
            headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
            resp = self._session.get(self.SEARCH_URL, params={'q': f'"{title}"', 'hl': 'en', 'num': 1}, headers=headers, timeout=30)
            if resp.status_code == 429 or 'unusual traffic' in resp.text:
                self._blocked = True
                return None
            return self._parse(resp.text)
        except Exception: return None

    def _parse(self, html: str) -> Optional[FetchResult]:
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
        entry = soup.find('div', class_='gs_ri')
        if not entry: return None
        
        title_tag = entry.find('h3', class_='gs_rt')
        title = title_tag.get_text(strip=True).replace('[PDF]', '').replace('[HTML]', '').strip()
        url = title_tag.find('a')['href'] if title_tag.find('a') else ""
        
        meta = entry.find('div', class_='gs_a').get_text(strip=True)
        # Attempt to extract year
        year_match = re.search(r'\b(19|20)\d{2}\b', meta)
        year = year_match.group(0) if year_match else ""
        # Attempt to extract authors (before " - ")
        authors = meta.split(' - ')[0]
        
        return FetchResult(title, authors, year, "", url, "scholar")