---
language: en
tags:
- computer-vision
- image-classification
- emotion-detection
- facial-expression-recognition
- keras
- tensorflow
license: mit
datasets:
- fer2013
metrics:
- accuracy
---

# Facial Emotion Detection CNN

## Model Details
**Model Name:** Facial Emotion Detection CNN  
**Model Type:** Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)  
**Framework:** TensorFlow / Keras  
**Number of Parameters:** ~4.47 Million  

**Description:**  
This is a custom-built Convolutional Neural Network designed to classify human facial expressions into 6 distinct emotion categories from static images. The model was fine-tuned on an augmented version of the well-known FER-2013 dataset. It utilizes aggressive dropout and batch normalization to ensure robust generalization.

**Emotions Detected:**
- 😠 Angry
- 😨 Fear
- 😄 Happy
- 😐 Neutral
- 😢 Sad
- 😲 Surprise

*(Note: The 'Disgust' class from the original FER-2013 dataset was dropped due to extreme class imbalance and low sample count.)*

## Model Architecture
- **Input:** 48x48 Grayscale Images `(48, 48, 1)`
- **Convolutional Blocks:** 4 Conv2D blocks with increasing filter sizes (64, 128, 512, 512) and ReLU activation.
- **Pooling:** MaxPooling2D applied after each convolutional block.
- **Regularization:** Batch Normalization applied after every Conv2D and Dense layer. Dropout layers (0.25 to 0.5) applied heavily to prevent overfitting.
- **Classifier:** Flatten layer followed by Dense layers (256, 512 nodes), ending in a Softmax output layer with 6 nodes.

## Training Data
The model was trained on the **FER-2013** dataset.
- **Preprocessing:** Images resized to 48x48 pixels and normalized to `[0.0, 1.0]`.
- **Training Samples:** 28,272 images.
- **Validation/Test Samples:** 7,068 images.
- **Augmentation Applied:** 15-degree rotation, 10% width/height shifts, 10% zoom, and horizontal flipping.

## Evaluation Results
The model was evaluated on a 20% unseen stratified test set from the FER-2013 dataset.
- **Overall Test Accuracy:** 77.05%
- **Correct Predictions:** 5,446 / 7,068

## How to Use
You can load and use this model directly with TensorFlow/Keras for predicting emotions on preprocessed 48x48 grayscale images.

```python
import cv2
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras.models import load_model

# 1. Load the model
model = load_model('emotion_model_finetuned_final.keras')

# 2. Define Emotion Labels
EMOTION_LABELS = {0: 'Angry', 1: 'Fear', 2: 'Happy', 3: 'Sad', 4: 'Surprise', 5: 'Neutral'}

# 3. Preprocess your image
# Image must be a 48x48 grayscale numpy array
def predict_emotion(image_path):
    # Read as grayscale
    img = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
    # Resize to 48x48
    img = cv2.resize(img, (48, 48))
    # Normalize pixel values
    img = img.astype('float32') / 255.0
    # Expand dimensions to match model input shape (1, 48, 48, 1)
    img = np.expand_dims(img, axis=0)
    img = np.expand_dims(img, axis=-1)
    
    # Predict
    predictions = model.predict(img)
    max_index = np.argmax(predictions[0])
    confidence = np.max(predictions[0])
    
    emotion = EMOTION_LABELS[max_index]
    print(f"Predicted Emotion: {emotion} (Confidence: {confidence*100:.2f}%)")
    return emotion

# Run prediction
# predict_emotion('path_to_your_face_image.jpg')
```

## Limitations and Bias
- **Lighting and Angles:** The model performs best on well-lit, front-facing faces. Extreme profiles, occlusions (like thick glasses or face masks), or intense shadows will degrade confidence.
- **Grayscale Restriction:** The model strips color data. While this saves computational power, it may miss subtle physiological cues (like blushing) associated with real human emotion.
- **Dataset Bias:** Inherits any demographic, ethnic, or age-related biases present in the base FER-2013 dataset. Performance may vary across different demographic groups.


## Team Members (Inflators)

- DTPD Wickramasinghe (Group Leader)
- DVTR Vitharana
- RSR Ranathunga
- DDSS Kumasaru
- SHD Mihidumpita