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README.md ADDED
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+ ---
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+ library_name: transformers
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+ license: other
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+ license_name: lfm1.0
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+ license_link: LICENSE
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ - ar
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+ - zh
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+ - fr
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+ - de
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+ - ja
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+ - ko
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+ - es
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+ pipeline_tag: text-generation
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+ tags:
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+ - liquid
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+ - unsloth
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+ - lfm2.5
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+ - edge
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+ base_model:
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+ - LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct
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+ ---
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+ > [!NOTE]
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+ > Includes Unsloth **chat template fixes**! <br> For `llama.cpp`, use `--jinja`
26
+ >
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+
28
+ <div>
29
+ <p style="margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;">
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+ <em><a href="https://docs.unsloth.ai/basics/unsloth-dynamic-v2.0-gguf">Unsloth Dynamic 2.0</a> achieves superior accuracy & outperforms other leading quants.</em>
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+ </p>
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+ <div style="display: flex; gap: 5px; align-items: center; ">
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+ <a href="https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/">
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+ <img src="https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/raw/main/images/unsloth%20new%20logo.png" width="133">
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+ </a>
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+ <a href="https://discord.gg/unsloth">
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+ <img src="https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth/raw/main/images/Discord%20button.png" width="173">
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+ </a>
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+ <a href="https://docs.unsloth.ai/">
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+ <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unslothai/unsloth/refs/heads/main/images/documentation%20green%20button.png" width="143">
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+ </a>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+
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+ <div align="center">
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+ <img
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+ src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/2b08LKpev0DNEk6DlnWkY.png"
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+ alt="Liquid AI"
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+ style="width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: auto; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;"
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+ />
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+ <div style="display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">
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+ <a href="https://playground.liquid.ai/"><strong>Try LFM</strong></a> •
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+ <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm"><strong>Documentation</strong></a> •
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+ <a href="https://leap.liquid.ai/"><strong>LEAP</strong></a>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ # LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct
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+
61
+ LFM2.5 is a new family of hybrid models designed for **on-device deployment**. It builds on the LFM2 architecture with extended pre-training and reinforcement learning.
62
+
63
+ - **Best-in-class performance**: A 1.2B model rivaling much larger models, bringing high-quality AI to your pocket.
64
+ - **Fast edge inference**: 239 tok/s decode on AMD CPU, 82 tok/s on mobile NPU. Runs under 1GB of memory with day-one support for llama.cpp, MLX, and vLLM.
65
+ - **Scaled training**: Extended pre-training from 10T to 28T tokens and large-scale multi-stage reinforcement learning.
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+
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+ ![image](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/dxnYF2fuLpulismtFSGFi.png)
68
+
69
+ Find more information about LFM2.5 in our [blog post](https://www.liquid.ai/blog/introducing-lfm2-5-the-next-generation-of-on-device-ai).
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+
71
+ ## 🗒️ Model Details
72
+
73
+ | Model | Parameters | Description |
74
+ |-------|------------|-------------|
75
+ | [LFM2.5-1.2B-Base](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Base) | 1.2B | Pre-trained base model for fine-tuning |
76
+ | [**LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct**](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct) | 1.2B | General-purpose instruction-tuned model |
77
+ | [LFM2.5-1.2B-JP](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-JP) | 1.2B | Japanese-optimized chat model |
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+ | [LFM2.5-VL-1.6B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-VL-1.6B) | 1.6B | Vision-language model with fast inference |
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+ | [LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-Audio-1.5B) | 1.5B | Audio-language model for speech and text I/O |
80
+
81
+ LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct is a general-purpose text-only model with the following features:
82
+
83
+ - **Number of parameters**: 1.17B
84
+ - **Number of layers**: 16 (10 double-gated LIV convolution blocks + 6 GQA blocks)
85
+ - **Training budget**: 28T tokens
86
+ - **Context length**: 32,768 tokens
87
+ - **Vocabulary size**: 65,536
88
+ - **Languages**: English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Spanish
89
+ - **Generation parameters**:
90
+ - `temperature: 0.1`
91
+ - `top_k: 50`
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+ - `top_p: 0.1`
93
+ - `repetition_penalty: 1.05`
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+
95
+ | Model | Description |
96
+ |-------|-------------|
97
+ | [**LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct**](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct) | Original model checkpoint in native format. Best for fine-tuning or inference with Transformers and vLLM. |
98
+ | [LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-GGUF](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-GGUF) | Quantized format for llama.cpp and compatible tools. Optimized for CPU inference and local deployment with reduced memory usage. |
99
+ | [LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-ONNX](https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct-ONNX) | ONNX Runtime format for cross-platform deployment. Enables hardware-accelerated inference across diverse environments (cloud, edge, mobile). |
100
+
101
+ We recommend using it for agentic tasks, data extraction, and RAG. It is not recommended for knowledge-intensive tasks and programming.
102
+
103
+ ### Chat Template
104
+
105
+ LFM2.5 uses a ChatML-like format. See the [Chat Template documentation](https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/key-concepts/chat-template) for details. Example:
106
+
107
+ ```
108
+ <|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
109
+ You are a helpful assistant trained by Liquid AI.<|im_end|>
110
+ <|im_start|>user
111
+ What is C. elegans?<|im_end|>
112
+ <|im_start|>assistant
113
+ ```
114
+
115
+ You can use [`tokenizer.apply_chat_template()`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/chat_templating#using-applychattemplate) to format your messages automatically.
116
+
117
+ ### Tool Use
118
+
119
+ LFM2.5 supports function calling as follows:
120
+
121
+ 1. **Function definition**: We recommend providing the list of tools as a JSON object in the system prompt. You can also use the [`tokenizer.apply_chat_template()`](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/chat_extras#passing-tools) function with tools.
122
+ 2. **Function call**: By default, LFM2.5 writes Pythonic function calls (a Python list between `<|tool_call_start|>` and `<|tool_call_end|>` special tokens), as the assistant answer. You can override this behavior by asking the model to output JSON function calls in the system prompt.
123
+ 3. **Function execution**: The function call is executed, and the result is returned as a "tool" role.
124
+ 4. **Final answer**: LFM2 interprets the outcome of the function call to address the original user prompt in plain text.
125
+
126
+ See the [Tool Use documentation](https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/key-concepts/tool-use) for the full guide. Example:
127
+
128
+ ```
129
+ <|startoftext|><|im_start|>system
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+ List of tools: [{"name": "get_candidate_status", "description": "Retrieves the current status of a candidate in the recruitment process", "parameters": {"type": "object", "properties": {"candidate_id": {"type": "string", "description": "Unique identifier for the candidate"}}, "required": ["candidate_id"]}}]<|im_end|>
131
+ <|im_start|>user
132
+ What is the current status of candidate ID 12345?<|im_end|>
133
+ <|im_start|>assistant
134
+ <|tool_call_start|>[get_candidate_status(candidate_id="12345")]<|tool_call_end|>Checking the current status of candidate ID 12345.<|im_end|>
135
+ <|im_start|>tool
136
+ [{"candidate_id": "12345", "status": "Interview Scheduled", "position": "Clinical Research Associate", "date": "2023-11-20"}]<|im_end|>
137
+ <|im_start|>assistant
138
+ The candidate with ID 12345 is currently in the "Interview Scheduled" stage for the position of Clinical Research Associate, with an interview date set for 2023-11-20.<|im_end|>
139
+ ```
140
+
141
+ ## 🏃 Inference
142
+
143
+ LFM2.5 is supported by many inference frameworks. See the [Inference documentation](https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/transformers) for the full list.
144
+
145
+ | Name | Description | Docs | Notebook |
146
+ |------|-------------|------|:--------:|
147
+ | [Transformers](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers) | Simple inference with direct access to model internals. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/transformers">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1_q3jQ6LtyiuPzFZv7Vw8xSfPU5FwkKZY?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
148
+ | [vLLM](https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm) | High-throughput production deployments with GPU. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/vllm">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1VfyscuHP8A3we_YpnzuabYJzr5ju0Mit?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
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+ | [llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp) | Cross-platform inference with CPU offloading. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/llama-cpp">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1ohLl3w47OQZA4ELo46i5E4Z6oGWBAyo8?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
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+ | [MLX](https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx) | Apple's machine learning framework optimized for Apple Silicon. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/mlx">Link</a> | — |
151
+ | [LM Studio](https://lmstudio.ai/) | Desktop application for running LLMs locally. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/inference/lm-studio">Link</a> | — |
152
+
153
+ Here's a quick start example with Transformers:
154
+
155
+ ```python
156
+ from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, TextStreamer
157
+
158
+ model_id = "LiquidAI/LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct"
159
+ model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
160
+ model_id,
161
+ device_map="auto",
162
+ dtype="bfloat16",
163
+ # attn_implementation="flash_attention_2" <- uncomment on compatible GPU
164
+ )
165
+ tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id)
166
+ streamer = TextStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True)
167
+
168
+ prompt = "What is C. elegans?"
169
+
170
+ input_ids = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
171
+ [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}],
172
+ add_generation_prompt=True,
173
+ return_tensors="pt",
174
+ tokenize=True,
175
+ ).to(model.device)
176
+
177
+ output = model.generate(
178
+ input_ids,
179
+ do_sample=True,
180
+ temperature=0.1,
181
+ top_k=50,
182
+ top_p=0.1,
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+ repetition_penalty=1.05,
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+ max_new_tokens=512,
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+ streamer=streamer,
186
+ )
187
+ ```
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+
189
+ ## 🔧 Fine-Tuning
190
+
191
+ We recommend fine-tuning LFM2.5 for your specific use case to achieve the best results.
192
+
193
+ | Name | Description | Docs | Notebook |
194
+ |------|-------------|------|----------|
195
+ | SFT ([Unsloth](https://github.com/unslothai/unsloth)) | Supervised Fine-Tuning with LoRA using Unsloth. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/unsloth">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HROdGaPFt1tATniBcos11-doVaH7kOI3?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
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+ | SFT ([TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl)) | Supervised Fine-Tuning with LoRA using TRL. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/trl">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1j5Hk_SyBb2soUsuhU0eIEA9GwLNRnElF?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
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+ | DPO ([TRL](https://github.com/huggingface/trl)) | Direct Preference Optimization with LoRA using TRL. | <a href="https://docs.liquid.ai/lfm/fine-tuning/trl">Link</a> | <a href="https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1MQdsPxFHeZweGsNx4RH7Ia8lG8PiGE1t?usp=sharing"><img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/vlOyMEjwHa_b_LXysEu2E.png" width="110" alt="Colab link"></a> |
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+
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+ ## 📊 Performance
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+
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+ ### Benchmarks
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+
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+ We compared LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct with relevant sub-2B models on a diverse suite of benchmarks.
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+
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+ | Model | GPQA | MMLU-Pro | IFEval | IFBench | Multi-IF | AIME25 | BFCLv3 |
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+ |-------|------|----------|--------|---------|----------|--------|--------|
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+ | **LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct** | 38.89 | 44.35 | 86.23 | 47.33 | 60.98 | 14.00 | 49.12 |
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+ | Qwen3-1.7B | 34.85 | 42.91 | 73.68 | 21.33 | 56.48 | 9.33 | 46.30 |
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+ | Granite 4.0-1B | 24.24 | 33.53 | 79.61 | 21.00 | 43.65 | 3.33 | 52.43 |
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+ | Llama 3.2 1B Instruct | 16.57 | 20.80 | 52.37 | 15.93 | 30.16 | 0.33 | 21.44 |
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+ | Gemma 3 1B IT | 24.24 | 14.04 | 63.25 | 20.47 | 44.31 | 1.00 | 16.64 |
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+
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+ GPQA, MMLU-Pro, IFBench, and AIME25 follow [ArtificialAnalysis's methodology](https://artificialanalysis.ai/methodology/intelligence-benchmarking). For IFEval and Multi-IF, we report the average score across strict and loose prompt and instruction accuracies. For BFCLv3, we report the final weighted average score with a custom Liquid handler to support our tool use template.
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+
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+ ### Inference speed
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+
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+ LFM2.5-1.2B-Instruct offers extremely fast inference speed on CPUs with a low memory profile compared to similar-sized models.
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+
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+ ![image](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/61b8e2ba285851687028d395/dbbI-15p9re2ROhAkqnZm.png)
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+
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+ In addition, we are partnering with AMD, Qualcomm, and Nexa AI to bring the LFM2.5 family to NPUs. These optimized models are available through our partners, enabling highly efficient on-device inference.
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+
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+ | Device | Inference | Framework | Model | Prefill (tok/s) | Decode (tok/s) | Memory (GB) |
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+ | ---------------------------------------------------- | --------- | ---------------- | -------------------- | --------------- | -------------- | ----------- |
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+ | Qualcomm Snapdragon® X Elite | NPU | NexaML | LFM2.5-1.2B-instruct | 2591 | 63 | 0.9GB |
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+ | Qualcomm Snapdragon® Gen4 (ROG Phone9 Pro) | NPU | NexaML | LFM2.5-1.2B-instruct | 4391 | 82 | 0.9GB |
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+ | Qualcomm Snapdragon® Gen4 (Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra) | CPU | llama.cpp (Q4_0) | LFM2.5-1.2B-instruct | 335 | 70 | 719MB |
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+ | Qualcomm Snapdragon® Gen4 (Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra) | CPU | llama.cpp (Q4_0) | Qwen3-1.7B | 181 | 40 | 1306MB |
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+
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+ These capabilities unlock new deployment scenarios across various devices, including vehicles, mobile devices, laptops, IoT devices, and embedded systems.
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+
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+ ## Contact
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+
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+ For enterprise solutions and edge deployment, contact [sales@liquid.ai](mailto:sales@liquid.ai).
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+
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+ ## Citation
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+
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+ ```bibtex
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+ @article{liquidai2025lfm2,
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+ title={LFM2 Technical Report},
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+ author={Liquid AI},
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+ journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2511.23404},
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+ year={2025}
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+ }
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+ ```