README.md

metadata

tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:17319
  - loss:TripletMNRLCombinedLoss
base_model: intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      query: Thrilled to spot our study in @BJSM_BMJ on injury incidence &
      burden in youth football, taking into account the immature skeleton from a
      big cohort during 4 back-to-back seasons @aspetar @RoaldBahr
    sentences:
      - >-
        passage: title: Longitudinal study of six seasons of match injuries in
        elite female rugby union

        abstract: ObjectiveTo establish match injury rates and patterns in elite
        female rugby union players in England.We conducted a six-season
        (2011/2012-2013/2014 and 2017/2018-2019/2020) prospective cohort study
        of time-loss match injuries in elite-level female players in the English
        Premiership competition. A 24-hour time-loss definition was
        used.Five-hundred and thirty-four time-loss injuries were recorded
        during 13 680 hours of match exposure. Injury incidence was 39 injuries
        per 1000 hours (95% CIs 36 to 42) with a mean severity of 48 days (95%
        CIs 42 to 54) and median severity of 20 days (IQR: 7-57). Concussion was
        the most common specific injury diagnosis (five concussions per 1000
        hours, 95% CIs 4 to 6). The tackle event was associated with the
        greatest burden of injury (615 days absence per 1000 hours 95% CIs 340
        to 1112), with 'being tackled' specifically causing the most injuries
        (28% of all injuries) and concussions (22% of all concussions).This is
        the first multiple-season study of match injuries in elite women's rugby
        union players. Match injury incidence was similar to that previously
        reported within international women's rugby union. Injury prevention
        strategies centred on the tackle would focus on high-burden injuries,
        which are associated with substantial player time-loss and financial
        costs to teams as well as the high-priority area of concussions.
      - >-
        passage: title: Single, Dual, and Triple Use of Cigarettes,
        e-Cigarettes, and Snus among Adolescents in the Nordic Countries

        abstract: New tobacco and nicotine products have emerged on the market
        in recent years. Most research has concerned only one product at a time,
        usually e-cigarettes, while little is known about the multiple use of
        tobacco and nicotine products among adolescents. We examined single,
        dual, and triple use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and snus among Nordic
        adolescents, using data of 15–16-year-olds (n = 16,125) from the
        European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD)
        collected in 2015 and 2019 from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway,
        Sweden, and the Faroe Islands. Country-specific lifetime use of any of
        these products ranged between 40% and 50%, and current use between 17%
        and 31%. Cigarettes were the most common product in all countries except
        for Iceland, where e-cigarettes were remarkably more common. The
        proportion of dual and triple users was unexpectedly high among both
        experimental (24%–49%) and current users (31–42%). Triple use was less
        common than dual use. The users’ patterns varied somewhat between the
        countries, and Iceland differed substantially from the other countries,
        with a high proportion of single e-cigarette users. More knowledge on
        the patterns of multiple use of tobacco and nicotine products and on the
        potential risk and protective factors is needed for targeted
        intervention and prevention efforts.
      - >-
        passage: title: Injury incidence and burden in a youth elite football
        academy: a four-season prospective study of 551 players aged from under
        9 to under 19 years

        abstract: Objective Investigate the incidence and burden of injuries by
        age group in youth football (soccer) academy players during four
        consecutive seasons. Methods All injuries that caused time-loss or
        required medical attention (as per consensus definitions) were
        prospectively recorded in 551 youth football players from under 9 years
        to under 19 years. Injury incidence (II) and burden (IB) were calculated
        as number of injuries per squad season (s-s), as well as for type,
        location and age groups. Results A total of 2204 injuries were recorded.
        40% (n=882) required medical attention and 60% (n=1322) caused
        time-loss. The total time-loss was 25 034 days. A squad of 25 players
        sustained an average of 30 time-loss injuries (TLI) per s-s with an IB
        of 574 days lost per s-s. Compared with the other age groups, U-16
        players had the highest TLI incidence per s-s (95% CI lower-upper): II=
        59 (52 to 67); IB=992 days; (963 to 1022) and U-18 players had the
        greatest burden per s-s: II= 42.1 (36.1 to 49.1); IB= 1408 days (1373 to
        1444). Across the cohort of players, contusions (II=7.7/s-s), sprains
        (II=4.9/s-s) and growth-related injuries (II=4.3/s-s) were the most
        common TLI. Meniscus/cartilage injuries had the greatest injury severity
        (95% CI lower-upper): II= 0.4 (0.3 to 0.7), IB= 73 days (22 to 181). The
        burden (95% CI lower-upper) of physeal fractures (II= 0.8; 0.6 to 1.2;
        IB= 58 days; 33 to 78) was double than non-physeal fractures. Summary At
        this youth football academy, each squad of 25 players averaged 30
        injuries per season which resulted in 574 days lost.
  - source_sentence: >-
      query: @DrCanuckMD Pathetic loser. There's proof they work. It's funny how
      the folks who refuse to wear them are the same ones claiming they don't
      work.
    sentences:
      - >-
        passage: title: Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A
        cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh

        abstract: Persuading people to mask Even in places where it is
        obligatory, people tend to optimistically overstate their compliance for
        mask wearing. How then can we persuade more of the population at large
        to act for the greater good? Abaluck et al . undertook a large,
        cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh involving hundreds of thousands
        of people (although mostly men) over a 2-month period. Colored masks of
        various construction were handed out free of charge, accompanied by a
        range of mask-wearing promotional activities inspired by marketing
        research. Using a grassroots network of volunteers to help conduct the
        study and gather data, the authors discovered that mask wearing averaged
        13.3% in villages where no interventions took place but increased to
        42.3% in villages where in-person interventions were introduced.
        Villages where in-person reinforcement of mask wearing occurred also
        showed a reduction in reporting COVID-like illness, particularly in
        high-risk individuals. —CA
      - >-
        passage: . Analysis of survey data found that on the third day before
        policy introduction, 44% of participants reported “often” or “always”
        wearing a mask; on the fourth day after, 100% reported “always” doing
        so.


        title: The introduction of a mandatory mask policy was associated with
        significantly reduced COVID-19 cases in a major metropolitan city

        No potentially confounding factors were associated with the observed
        change in growth rates. Conclusions The mandatory mask use policy
        substantially increased public use of masks and was associated with a
        significant decline in new COVID-19 cases after introduction of the
        policy. This study strongly supports the use of masks for controlling
        epidemics in the broader community.
      - >-
        passage: title: Food and soft drink industry has too much influence over
        US dietary guidelines, report says

        abstract: A powerful, industry funded group is playing an “outsized
        role” in steering the development of new US dietary guidelines and must
        have its influence curbed to protect public health, a pressure group has
        urged.


        In a report published this week to coincide with Coca-Cola’s annual
        meeting of shareholders,1 the campaign group Corporate Accountability
        noted that over half of people appointed to the US 2020 Dietary
        Guidelines Advisory Committee had ties to the International Life
        Sciences Institute (ILSI), whose funders include Coke and other global
        corporations.


        ILSI was set up by a Coca-Cola executive 40 years ago in the US and
        operates throughout the world. It is a not-for-profit organisation and …
  - source_sentence: >-
      query: The output of many crops in the US is curbed by a shortage of
      pollinators, and most of the pollination that's occurring is thanks to
      wild pollinators. Compelling evidence that we need to help wild
      pollinators!
    sentences:
      - >-
        passage: title: Elapsed time since BNT162b2 vaccine and risk of
        SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large cohort

        abstract: Israel was among the first countries to launch a large-scale
        COVID-19 vaccination campaign, and quickly vaccinated its population,
        achieving early control over the spread of the virus. However, the
        number of COVID-19 cases is now rapidly increasing, which may indicate
        that vaccine protection decreases over time. To determine whether time
        elapsed since the second BNT162b2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine
        (Pfizer-BioNTech) injection is significantly associated with the risk of
        post-vaccination COVID-19 infection. This is a retrospective cohort
        study performed in a large state-mandated health care organization in
        Israel. All fully vaccinated adults who have received a RT-PCR test
        between May 15, 2021 and July 26, 2021, at least two weeks after their
        second vaccine injection were included. Patients with a history of past
        COVID-19 infection were excluded. Positive result for the RT-PCR test.
        The cohort included 33,993 fully vaccinated adults, 49% women, with a
        mean age of 47 years (SD, 17 years), who received an RT-PCR test for
        SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. The median time between the second
        dose of the vaccine and the RT-PCR test was 146 days, interquartile
        range [121-167] days. 608 (1.8%) patients had positive test results.
        There was a significantly higher rate of positive results among patients
        who received their second vaccine dose at least 146 days before the
        RT-PCR test compared to patients who have received their vaccine less
        than 146 days before: odds ratio for infection was 3.00 for patients
        aged over 60 (95% CI 1.86-5.11); 2.29 for patients aged between 40 and
        59 (95% CI 1.67-3.17); and 1.74 for patients aged between 18 and 39 (95%
        CI 1.27-2.37); P<0.001 in each age group.
      - >-
        passage: title: Crop production in the USA is frequently limited by a
        lack of pollinators

        abstract: Most of the world's crops depend on pollinators, so declines
        in both managed and wild bees raise concerns about food security.
        However, the degree to which insect pollination is actually limiting
        current crop production is poorly understood, as is the role of wild
        species (as opposed to managed honeybees) in pollinating crops,
        particularly in intensive production areas. We established a nationwide
        study to assess the extent of pollinator limitation in seven crops at
        131 locations situated across major crop-producing areas of the USA. We
        found that five out of seven crops showed evidence of pollinator
        limitation. Wild bees and honeybees provided comparable amounts of
        pollination for most crops, even in agriculturally intensive regions. We
        estimated the nationwide annual production value of wild pollinators to
        the seven crops we studied at over $1.5 billion; the value of wild bee
        pollination of all pollinator-dependent crops would be much greater. Our
        findings show that pollinator declines could translate directly into
        decreased yields or production for most of the crops studied, and that
        wild species contribute substantially to pollination of most study crops
        in major crop-producing regions.
      - >-
        passage: title: Historical decrease in agricultural landscape diversity
        is associated with shifts in bumble bee species occurrence

        abstract: Abstract Agricultural intensification is a key suspect among
        putative drivers of recent insect declines, but an explicit link between
        historical change in agricultural land cover and insect occurrence is
        lacking. Determining whether agriculture impacts beneficial insects
        (e.g. pollinators), is crucial to enhancing agricultural sustainability.
        Here, we combine large spatiotemporal sets of historical bumble bee and
        agricultural records to show that increasing cropland extent and
        decreasing crop richness were associated with declines in over 50% of
        bumble bee species in the agriculturally intensive Midwest, USA.
        Critically, we found that high crop diversity was associated with a
        higher occurrence of many species pre‐1950 even in agriculturally
        dominated areas, but that current agricultural landscapes are devoid of
        high crop diversity. Our findings suggest that insect conservation and
        agricultural production may be compatible, with increasing on‐farm and
        landscape‐level crop diversity predicted to have positive effects on
        bumble bees.
  - source_sentence: >-
      query: @user Masern sind hier passenderer Vergleich. Die Beeinträchtigung
      des Immunsystems sollte, gegenüber Aids, umkehrbar sein
    sentences:
      - >-
        passage: title: Long-term measles-induced immunomodulation increases
        overall childhood infectious disease mortality

        abstract: Extra dividends from measles vaccine Vaccination against
        measles has many benefits, not only lifelong protection against this
        potentially serious virus. Mina et al. analyzed data collected since
        mass vaccination began in high-income countries when measles was common.
        Measles vaccination is associated with less mortality from other
        childhood infections. Measles is known to cause transient
        immunosuppression, but close inspection of the mortality data suggests
        that it disables immune memory for 2 to 3 years. Vaccination thus does
        more than safeguard children against measles; it also stops other
        infections taking advantage of measles-induced immune damage. Science ,
        this issue p. 694
      - >-
        passage: title: Association of BCG, DTP, and measles containing vaccines
        with childhood mortality: systematic review

        abstract: <b>Objectives</b>&nbsp;To evaluate the effects on non-specific
        and all cause mortality, in children under 5, of Bacillus
        Calmette-Guérin (BCG), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), and standard
        titre measles containing vaccines (MCV); to examine internal validity of
        the studies; and to examine any modifying effects of sex, age, vaccine
        sequence, and co-administration of vitamin A.
        <b>Design</b>&nbsp;Systematic review, including assessment of risk of
        bias, and meta-analyses of similar studies. <b>Study eligibility
        criteria</b>&nbsp;Clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control
        studies of the effects on mortality of BCG, whole cell DTP, and standard
        titre MCV in children under 5. <b>Data sources</b>&nbsp;Searches of
        Medline, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and the WHO International
        Clinical Trials Registry Platform, supplemented by contact with experts
        in the field. To avoid overlap in children studied across the included
        articles, findings from non-overlapping birth cohorts were identified.
        <b>Results</b>&nbsp;Results from 34 birth cohorts were identified. Most
        evidence was from observational studies, with some from short term
        clinical trials. Most studies reported on all cause (rather than
        non-specific) mortality. Receipt of BCG vaccine was associated with a
        reduction in all cause mortality: the average relative risks were 0.70
        (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 1.01) from five clinical trials and
        0.47 (0.32 to 0.69) from nine observational studies at high risk of
        bias. Receipt of DTP (almost always with oral polio vaccine) was
        associated with a possible increase in all cause mortality on average
        (relative risk 1.38, 0.92 to 2.08) from 10 studies at high risk of bias;
        this effect seemed stronger in girls than in boys.
      - >-
        passage: title: L’effet des dictées métacognitives-interactives sur la
        compétence à orthographier les homophones grammaticaux en rédaction

        abstract: Les homophones grammaticaux sont souvent présentés en paires
        dans les exercices, au risque de conforter leur confusion. Dans un
        projet mené au Québec dans des classes du primaire et du secondaire (482
        élèves), la phrase dictée du jour et la dictée zéro faute ont été
        expérimentées pendant sept mois. Les effets de ces dictées
        métalinguistiques-interactives sur la compétence des élèves à
        orthographier les homophones grammaticaux font l'objet de cet article.
        Les résultats montrent des effets positifs pour l'ensemble du groupe ;
        une analyse plus fine révèle à qui elles profitent le plus.
  - source_sentence: >-
      query: It’s been obvious for ages that mRNA vaccines constituted a 3+ dose
      series. A 3‑dose series is very effective. The fourth dose is still better
      and ought to be made available. Why does Canada still label partially (2
      dose) vaccinated as “fully vaccinated”?
    sentences:
      - >-
        passage: title: Protection against omicron severe disease 0-7 months
        after BNT162b2 booster

        abstract: Abstract Following a rise in cases due to the delta variant
        and evidence of waning immunity after 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine,
        Israel began administering a third BNT162b2 dose (booster) in July 2021.
        Recent studies showed that the 3rd dose provides a much lower protection
        against infection with the omicron variant compared to the delta variant
        and that this protection wanes quickly. In this study, we used data from
        Israel to estimate the protection of the 3rd dose against severe disease
        up to 7 months from receiving the booster dose. The analysis shows that
        protection conferred by the 3rd dose against omicron did not wane over a
        7-month period and that a 4th dose further increased protection, with a
        severe disease rate approximately 3-fold lower than in the 3-dose
        cohorts.
      - >-
        passage: title: Neurovascular injury with complement activation and
        inflammation in COVID-19

        abstract: The underlying mechanisms by which severe acute respiratory
        syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to acute and long-term
        neurological manifestations remains obscure. We aimed to characterize
        the neuropathological changes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019
        and determine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. In this
        autopsy study of the brain, we characterized the vascular pathology, the
        neuroinflammatory changes and cellular and humoral immune responses by
        immunohistochemistry. All patients died during the first wave of the
        pandemic from March to July 2020. All patients were adults who died
        after a short duration of the infection, some had died suddenly with
        minimal respiratory involvement. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed
        on ante-mortem or post-mortem testing. Descriptive analysis of the
        pathological changes and quantitative analyses of the infiltrates and
        vascular changes were performed. All patients had multifocal vascular
        damage as determined by leakage of serum proteins into the brain
        parenchyma. This was accompanied by widespread endothelial cell
        activation. Platelet aggregates and microthrombi were found adherent to
        the endothelial cells along vascular lumina. Immune complexes with
        activation of the classical complement pathway were found on the
        endothelial cells and platelets. Perivascular infiltrates consisted of
        predominantly macrophages and some CD8+ T cells. Only rare CD4+ T cells
        and CD20+ B cells were present. Astrogliosis was also prominent in the
        perivascular regions. Microglial nodules were predominant in the
        hindbrain, which were associated with focal neuronal loss and
        neuronophagia. Antibody-mediated cytotoxicity directed against the
        endothelial cells is the most likely initiating event that leads to
        vascular leakage, platelet aggregation, neuroinflammation and neuronal
        injury. Therapeutic modalities directed against immune complexes should
        be considered.
      - >-
        passage: title: A fourth dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
        improves serum neutralization against the delta variant in kidney
        transplant recipients

        abstract: Abstract In immunocompetent subjects, the effectiveness of
        SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the delta variant appears three- to
        five-fold lower than that observed against the alpha variant.
        Additionally, three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines might be
        unable to elicit a sufficient immune response against any variant in
        immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients. This study describes the
        kinetics of the neutralizing antibody (NAbs) response against the delta
        strain before and after a fourth dose of a mRNA vaccine in 67 kidney
        transplant recipients who had experienced a weak antibody response after
        three doses. While only 16% of patients harbored NAbs against the delta
        strain prior to the fourth injection – this percentage raised to 66%
        afterwards. We also found that, after the fourth dose, the NAbs titer
        increased significantly (p=0.0001) from &lt;7.5 (IQR : &lt;7.5−15.1) to
        47.1 (IQR &lt;7.5−284.2). Collectively, our data indicate that a fourth
        dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients with a
        weak antibody response after three previous doses improves serum
        neutralization against the delta variant.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - cosine_accuracy@1
  - cosine_accuracy@3
  - cosine_accuracy@5
  - cosine_accuracy@10
  - cosine_precision@1
  - cosine_precision@3
  - cosine_precision@5
  - cosine_precision@10
  - cosine_recall@1
  - cosine_recall@3
  - cosine_recall@5
  - cosine_recall@10
  - cosine_ndcg@10
  - cosine_mrr@10
  - cosine_map@100
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct
    results:
      - task:
          type: information-retrieval
          name: Information Retrieval
        dataset:
          name: 10 percent dev split
          type: 10-percent-dev-split
        metrics:
          - type: cosine_accuracy@1
            value: 0.4748051948051948
            name: Cosine Accuracy@1
          - type: cosine_accuracy@3
            value: 0.6581818181818182
            name: Cosine Accuracy@3
          - type: cosine_accuracy@5
            value: 0.7148051948051948
            name: Cosine Accuracy@5
          - type: cosine_accuracy@10
            value: 0.7781818181818182
            name: Cosine Accuracy@10
          - type: cosine_precision@1
            value: 0.4748051948051948
            name: Cosine Precision@1
          - type: cosine_precision@3
            value: 0.2193939393939394
            name: Cosine Precision@3
          - type: cosine_precision@5
            value: 0.14296103896103896
            name: Cosine Precision@5
          - type: cosine_precision@10
            value: 0.07781818181818181
            name: Cosine Precision@10
          - type: cosine_recall@1
            value: 0.4748051948051948
            name: Cosine Recall@1
          - type: cosine_recall@3
            value: 0.6581818181818182
            name: Cosine Recall@3
          - type: cosine_recall@5
            value: 0.7148051948051948
            name: Cosine Recall@5
          - type: cosine_recall@10
            value: 0.7781818181818182
            name: Cosine Recall@10
          - type: cosine_ndcg@10
            value: 0.6259059611181643
            name: Cosine Ndcg@10
          - type: cosine_mrr@10
            value: 0.5771395588538446
            name: Cosine Mrr@10
          - type: cosine_map@100
            value: 0.5824203727726155
            name: Cosine Map@100

SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 1024-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for retrieval.

Model Details

Model Description

• Model Type: Sentence Transformer
• Base model: intfloat/multilingual-e5-large-instruct
• Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
• Output Dimensionality: 1024 dimensions
• Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
• Supported Modality: Text

Model Sources

• Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
• Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
• Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'transformer_task': 'feature-extraction', 'modality_config': {'text': {'method': 'forward', 'method_output_name': 'last_hidden_state'}}, 'module_output_name': 'token_embeddings', 'architecture': 'XLMRobertaModel'})
  (1): Pooling({'embedding_dimension': 1024, 'pooling_mode': 'mean', 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize({})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("MinhPhuc0804/me5-512-docling-checkthat-task1-v1.2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'query: It’s been obvious for ages that mRNA vaccines constituted a 3+ dose series. A 3‑dose series is very effective. The fourth dose is still better and ought to be made available. Why does Canada still label partially (2 dose) vaccinated as “fully vaccinated”?',
    'passage: title: Protection against omicron severe disease 0-7 months after BNT162b2 booster\nabstract: Abstract Following a rise in cases due to the delta variant and evidence of waning immunity after 2 doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, Israel began administering a third BNT162b2 dose (booster) in July 2021. Recent studies showed that the 3rd dose provides a much lower protection against infection with the omicron variant compared to the delta variant and that this protection wanes quickly. In this study, we used data from Israel to estimate the protection of the 3rd dose against severe disease up to 7 months from receiving the booster dose. The analysis shows that protection conferred by the 3rd dose against omicron did not wane over a 7-month period and that a 4th dose further increased protection, with a severe disease rate approximately 3-fold lower than in the 3-dose cohorts.',
    'passage: title: A fourth dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine improves serum neutralization against the delta variant in kidney transplant recipients\nabstract: Abstract In immunocompetent subjects, the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against the delta variant appears three- to five-fold lower than that observed against the alpha variant. Additionally, three doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-based vaccines might be unable to elicit a sufficient immune response against any variant in immunocompromised kidney transplant recipients. This study describes the kinetics of the neutralizing antibody (NAbs) response against the delta strain before and after a fourth dose of a mRNA vaccine in 67 kidney transplant recipients who had experienced a weak antibody response after three doses. While only 16% of patients harbored NAbs against the delta strain prior to the fourth injection – this percentage raised to 66% afterwards. We also found that, after the fourth dose, the NAbs titer increased significantly (p=0.0001) from <7.5 (IQR : <7.5−15.1) to 47.1 (IQR <7.5−284.2). Collectively, our data indicate that a fourth dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in kidney transplant recipients with a weak antibody response after three previous doses improves serum neutralization against the delta variant.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 1024]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities)
# tensor([[1.0000, 0.8132, 0.2067],
#         [0.8132, 1.0000, 0.1794],
#         [0.2067, 0.1794, 1.0000]])

Evaluation

Metrics

Information Retrieval

• Dataset: 10-percent-dev-split
• Evaluated with InformationRetrievalEvaluator

Metric	Value
cosine_accuracy@1	0.4748
cosine_accuracy@3	0.6582
cosine_accuracy@5	0.7148
cosine_accuracy@10	0.7782
cosine_precision@1	0.4748
cosine_precision@3	0.2194
cosine_precision@5	0.143
cosine_precision@10	0.0778
cosine_recall@1	0.4748
cosine_recall@3	0.6582
cosine_recall@5	0.7148
cosine_recall@10	0.7782
cosine_ndcg@10	0.6259
cosine_mrr@10	0.5771
cosine_map@100	0.5824

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

• Size: 17,319 training samples
• Columns: sentence_0, sentence_1, and sentence_2
• Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:

  	sentence_0	sentence_1	sentence_2
  type	string	string	string
  details	min: 25 tokens mean: 58.26 tokens max: 105 tokens	min: 28 tokens mean: 311.97 tokens max: 512 tokens	min: 20 tokens mean: 320.42 tokens max: 512 tokens

• Samples:

  sentence_0	sentence_1	sentence_2
  query: I was fact-checked when I covered this topic for @user last year. Since the story back then was, apparently, that damp strips of fabric dangling over people's faces for hours on end couldn't possibly spawn anything nasty - because Science™!!	passage: title: Bacterial and fungal isolation from face masks under the COVID-19 pandemic
  abstract: Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has led people to wear face masks daily in public. Although the effectiveness of face masks against viral transmission has been extensively studied, there have been few reports on potential hygiene issues due to bacteria and fungi attached to the face masks. We aimed to (1) quantify and identify the bacteria and fungi attaching to the masks, and (2) investigate whether the mask-attached microbes could be associated with the types and usage of the masks and individual lifestyles. We surveyed 109 volunteers on their mask usage and lifestyles, and cultured bacteria and fungi from either the face-side or outer-side of their masks. The bacterial colony numbers were greater on the face-side than the outer-side; the fungal colony numbers were fewer on the face-side than the outer-side. A longer mask usage significantly increased the fungal colony numbers but not ...	passage: is very low.

  title: Do facemasks protect against COVID‐19? Symptomatic health-care workers should not return to work until they have been tested and found to be negative for COVID-19. The public might wear masks to avoid infection or to protect others. During the 2009 pandemic of H1N1 influenza (swine flu), encouraging the public to wash their hands reduced the incidence of infection significantly whereas wearing facemasks did not.5 There is no good evidence that facemasks protect the public against infection with respiratory viruses, including COVID-19.6 However, absence of proof of an effect is not the same as proof of absence of an effect. During the pandemics caused by swine flu and by the coronaviruses which caused SARS and MERS, many people in Asia and elsewhere walked around wearing surgical or homemade cotton masks to protect themselves. One danger of doing this is the illusion of protection. Surgical facemasks are designed to be discarded after single use.... | | query: @user If just the US government had some National Institution of Health entity which could’ve been showcasing, studying and verifying this type of advantage from data years earlier .. to apply immediately without political spin | passage: title: Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread abstract: Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus (SARS-CoV). No effective prophylactic or post-exposure therapy is currently available. Results We report, however, that chloroquine has strong antiviral effects on SARS-CoV infection of primate cells. These inhibitory effects are observed when the cells are treated with the drug either before or after exposure to the virus, suggesting both prophylactic and therapeutic advantage. In addition to the well-known functions of chloroquine such as elevations of endosomal pH, the drug appears to interfere with terminal glycosylation of the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. This may negatively influence the virus-receptor binding and abrogate the infection, with further ramifications by the elevation of vesicular pH, resulting in the inhibition of infection and spread of SAR... | passage: title: A National Medical Response to Crisis — The Legacy of World War II
abstract: A National Medical Response to Crisis World War II’s massive casualties were mitigated by lives saved as a result of medical care. Many of the advances made would persist long after the war conclud... | | query: UNDENIABLE EVIDENCE OF MY SPIKE PROTEIN TRIGGERED WIDESPREAD AMYLOIDOSES THEORY. IT. IS. OCCURRING. | passage: title: Amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein abstract: ABSTRACT SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a surprising number of morbidities. Uncanny similarities with amyloid-disease associated blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disturbances together with neurologic and cardiac problems led us to investigate the amyloidogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S-protein). Amyloid fibril assays of peptide library mixtures and theoretical predictions identified seven amyloidogenic sequences within the S-protein. All seven peptides in isolation formed aggregates during incubation at 37°C. Three 20-amino acid long synthetic Spike peptides (sequence 191-210, 599-618, 1165-1184) fulfilled three amyloid fibril criteria: nucleation dependent polymerization kinetics by ThT, Congo red positivity and ultrastructural fibrillar morphology. Full-length folded S-protein did not form amyloid fibrils, but amyloid-like fibrils with evident branching were formed during 24 hours of S-protei... | passage: title: Amyloidogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a surprising number of morbidities. Uncanny similarities with amyloid-disease associated blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disturbances together with neurologic and cardiac problems led us to investigate the amyloidogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-protein). Amyloid fibril assays of peptide library mixtures and theoretical predictions identified seven amyloidogenic sequences within the S-protein. All seven peptides in isolation formed aggregates during incubation at 37 °C. Three 20-amino acid long synthetic spike peptides (sequence 192–211, 601–620, 1166–1185) fulfilled three amyloid fibril criteria: nucleation dependent polymerization kinetics by ThT, Congo red positivity, and ultrastructural fibrillar morphology. Full-length folded S-protein did not form amyloid fibrils, but amyloid-like fibrils with evident branching were formed during 24 h of S-protein coincubat... |
• Loss: main.TripletMNRLCombinedLoss

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

• per_device_train_batch_size: 48
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 48
• num_train_epochs: 20
• fp16: True
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

• overwrite_output_dir: False
• do_predict: False
• prediction_loss_only: True
• per_device_train_batch_size: 48
• per_device_eval_batch_size: 48
• per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
• per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
• gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
• eval_accumulation_steps: None
• torch_empty_cache_steps: None
• learning_rate: 5e-05
• weight_decay: 0.0
• adam_beta1: 0.9
• adam_beta2: 0.999
• adam_epsilon: 1e-08
• max_grad_norm: 1
• num_train_epochs: 20
• max_steps: -1
• lr_scheduler_type: linear
• lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
• warmup_ratio: 0.0
• warmup_steps: 0
• log_level: passive
• log_level_replica: warning
• log_on_each_node: True
• logging_nan_inf_filter: True
• save_safetensors: True
• save_on_each_node: False
• save_only_model: False
• restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
• no_cuda: False
• use_cpu: False
• use_mps_device: False
• seed: 42
• data_seed: None
• jit_mode_eval: False
• use_ipex: False
• bf16: False
• fp16: True
• fp16_opt_level: O1
• half_precision_backend: auto
• bf16_full_eval: False
• fp16_full_eval: False
• tf32: None
• local_rank: 0
• ddp_backend: None
• tpu_num_cores: None
• tpu_metrics_debug: False
• debug: []
• dataloader_drop_last: False
• dataloader_num_workers: 0
• dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
• past_index: -1
• disable_tqdm: False
• remove_unused_columns: True
• label_names: None
• load_best_model_at_end: False
• ignore_data_skip: False
• fsdp: []
• fsdp_min_num_params: 0
• fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
• fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
• accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
• parallelism_config: None
• deepspeed: None
• label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
• optim: adamw_torch_fused
• optim_args: None
• adafactor: False
• group_by_length: False
• length_column_name: length
• ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
• ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
• ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
• dataloader_pin_memory: True
• dataloader_persistent_workers: False
• skip_memory_metrics: True
• use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
• push_to_hub: False
• resume_from_checkpoint: None
• hub_model_id: None
• hub_strategy: every_save
• hub_private_repo: None
• hub_always_push: False
• hub_revision: None
• gradient_checkpointing: False
• gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
• include_inputs_for_metrics: False
• include_for_metrics: []
• eval_do_concat_batches: True
• fp16_backend: auto
• push_to_hub_model_id: None
• push_to_hub_organization: None
• mp_parameters:
• auto_find_batch_size: False
• full_determinism: False
• torchdynamo: None
• ray_scope: last
• ddp_timeout: 1800
• torch_compile: False
• torch_compile_backend: None
• torch_compile_mode: None
• include_tokens_per_second: False
• include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
• neftune_noise_alpha: None
• optim_target_modules: None
• batch_eval_metrics: False
• eval_on_start: False
• use_liger_kernel: False
• liger_kernel_config: None
• eval_use_gather_object: False
• average_tokens_across_devices: False
• prompts: None
• batch_sampler: batch_sampler
• multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin
• router_mapping: {}
• learning_rate_mapping: {}

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	10-percent-dev-split_cosine_ndcg@10
1.0	361	-	0.6980
1.3850	500	1.6273	-
2.0	722	-	0.7033
2.7701	1000	0.9528	-
3.0	1083	-	0.7110
4.0	1444	-	0.6994
4.1551	1500	0.6268	-
5.0	1805	-	0.6933
5.5402	2000	0.4279	-
6.0	2166	-	0.6883
6.9252	2500	0.3117	-
7.0	2527	-	0.6620
8.0	2888	-	0.6707
8.3102	3000	0.2262	-
9.0	3249	-	0.6671
9.6953	3500	0.1799	-
10.0	3610	-	0.6579
11.0	3971	-	0.6470
11.0803	4000	0.139	-
12.0	4332	-	0.6469
12.4654	4500	0.1094	-
13.0	4693	-	0.6415
13.8504	5000	0.0911	-
14.0	5054	-	0.6439
15.0	5415	-	0.6284
15.2355	5500	0.0755	-
16.0	5776	-	0.6272
16.6205	6000	0.0664	-
17.0	6137	-	0.6290
18.0	6498	-	0.6253
18.0055	6500	0.0573	-
19.0	6859	-	0.6275
19.3906	7000	0.052	-
20.0	7220	-	0.6259

Training Time

• Training: 2.2 hours

Framework Versions

• Python: 3.12.6
• Sentence Transformers: 5.4.1
• Transformers: 4.56.0
• PyTorch: 2.8.0+cu129
• Accelerate: 1.10.1
• Datasets: 4.8.5
• Tokenizers: 0.22.0

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}