SentenceTransformer based on Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

  • Model Type: Sentence Transformer
  • Base model: Alibaba-NLP/gte-base-en-v1.5
  • Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
  • Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
  • Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity

Model Sources

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: NewModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("albertus-sussex/veriscrape-sbert-camera-reference_2_to_verify_8-fold-10")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Nikon COOLPIX S640 Precious Pink 12.2 MP 2.7" 230K LCD 5X Optical Zoom 28mm Wide Angle Digital Camera',
    'Pentax K-r 12.4 Megapixel Digital SLR Camera (Body with Lens Kit) - 18 mm-55 mm (Lens 1), 55 mm-300 mm (Lens 2) - Black',
    '$649.00',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 1.0

Silhouette

  • Evaluated with veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator
Metric Value
silhouette_cosine 0.9833
silhouette_euclidean 0.8854

Triplet

Metric Value
cosine_accuracy 1.0

Silhouette

  • Evaluated with veriscrape.training.SilhouetteEvaluator
Metric Value
silhouette_cosine 0.9842
silhouette_euclidean 0.8882

Training Details

Training Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 1,788 training samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, pos_attr_name, and neg_attr_name
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    type string string string string string
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 12.37 tokens
    • max: 50 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 11.89 tokens
    • max: 55 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 10.37 tokens
    • max: 45 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    Sony FUJIFILM SONY Cyber-shot S2100 Silver 12.1 MP 3.0" 230K LCD 3X Optical Zoom Digital Camera manufacturer model
    SAKAR-VIVITAR Kodak Vivitar ViviCam T328 Black 12.0 MP 3.0" LCD 3X Optical Zoom Digital Camera manufacturer model
    Panasonic Sony Panasonic Lumix DMC-FX37 Point & Shoot Digital Camera - White manufacturer model
  • Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
        "triplet_margin": 5
    }
    

Evaluation Dataset

Unnamed Dataset

  • Size: 199 evaluation samples
  • Columns: anchor, positive, negative, pos_attr_name, and neg_attr_name
  • Approximate statistics based on the first 199 samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    type string string string string string
    details
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 10.52 tokens
    • max: 50 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 10.95 tokens
    • max: 55 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 9.41 tokens
    • max: 51 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
    • min: 3 tokens
    • mean: 3.0 tokens
    • max: 3 tokens
  • Samples:
    anchor positive negative pos_attr_name neg_attr_name
    Pentax Imaging Pentax FinePix XP10 Compact Camera manufacturer model
    Olympus America Inc. Canon $143.02 manufacturer price
    $403.41 $179.95 Nikon Coolpix S210 Point & Shoot Digital Camera - Plum price model
  • Loss: TripletLoss with these parameters:
    {
        "distance_metric": "TripletDistanceMetric.EUCLIDEAN",
        "triplet_margin": 5
    }
    

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

  • eval_strategy: epoch
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 128
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
  • num_train_epochs: 5
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand
  • overwrite_output_dir: False
  • do_predict: False
  • eval_strategy: epoch
  • prediction_loss_only: True
  • per_device_train_batch_size: 128
  • per_device_eval_batch_size: 128
  • per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
  • per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
  • gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
  • eval_accumulation_steps: None
  • torch_empty_cache_steps: None
  • learning_rate: 5e-05
  • weight_decay: 0.0
  • adam_beta1: 0.9
  • adam_beta2: 0.999
  • adam_epsilon: 1e-08
  • max_grad_norm: 1.0
  • num_train_epochs: 5
  • max_steps: -1
  • lr_scheduler_type: linear
  • lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
  • warmup_ratio: 0.1
  • warmup_steps: 0
  • log_level: passive
  • log_level_replica: warning
  • log_on_each_node: True
  • logging_nan_inf_filter: True
  • save_safetensors: True
  • save_on_each_node: False
  • save_only_model: False
  • restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
  • no_cuda: False
  • use_cpu: False
  • use_mps_device: False
  • seed: 42
  • data_seed: None
  • jit_mode_eval: False
  • use_ipex: False
  • bf16: False
  • fp16: False
  • fp16_opt_level: O1
  • half_precision_backend: auto
  • bf16_full_eval: False
  • fp16_full_eval: False
  • tf32: None
  • local_rank: 0
  • ddp_backend: None
  • tpu_num_cores: None
  • tpu_metrics_debug: False
  • debug: []
  • dataloader_drop_last: False
  • dataloader_num_workers: 0
  • dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
  • past_index: -1
  • disable_tqdm: False
  • remove_unused_columns: True
  • label_names: None
  • load_best_model_at_end: False
  • ignore_data_skip: False
  • fsdp: []
  • fsdp_min_num_params: 0
  • fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
  • fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
  • accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
  • deepspeed: None
  • label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
  • optim: adamw_torch
  • optim_args: None
  • adafactor: False
  • group_by_length: False
  • length_column_name: length
  • ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
  • ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
  • ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
  • dataloader_pin_memory: True
  • dataloader_persistent_workers: False
  • skip_memory_metrics: True
  • use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
  • push_to_hub: False
  • resume_from_checkpoint: None
  • hub_model_id: None
  • hub_strategy: every_save
  • hub_private_repo: False
  • hub_always_push: False
  • gradient_checkpointing: False
  • gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
  • include_inputs_for_metrics: False
  • eval_do_concat_batches: True
  • fp16_backend: auto
  • push_to_hub_model_id: None
  • push_to_hub_organization: None
  • mp_parameters:
  • auto_find_batch_size: False
  • full_determinism: False
  • torchdynamo: None
  • ray_scope: last
  • ddp_timeout: 1800
  • torch_compile: False
  • torch_compile_backend: None
  • torch_compile_mode: None
  • dispatch_batches: None
  • split_batches: None
  • include_tokens_per_second: False
  • include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
  • neftune_noise_alpha: None
  • optim_target_modules: None
  • batch_eval_metrics: False
  • eval_on_start: False
  • use_liger_kernel: False
  • eval_use_gather_object: False
  • prompts: None
  • batch_sampler: batch_sampler
  • multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch Step Training Loss Validation Loss cosine_accuracy silhouette_cosine
-1 -1 - - 0.8492 0.3908
1.0 14 0.5592 0.0 1.0 0.9717
2.0 28 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9823
3.0 42 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9831
4.0 56 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9832
5.0 70 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.9833
-1 -1 - - 1.0 0.9842

Framework Versions

  • Python: 3.10.16
  • Sentence Transformers: 4.0.1
  • Transformers: 4.45.2
  • PyTorch: 2.5.1+cu124
  • Accelerate: 1.5.2
  • Datasets: 3.1.0
  • Tokenizers: 0.20.3

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}

TripletLoss

@misc{hermans2017defense,
    title={In Defense of the Triplet Loss for Person Re-Identification},
    author={Alexander Hermans and Lucas Beyer and Bastian Leibe},
    year={2017},
    eprint={1703.07737},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CV}
}
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