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2014-01-01 00:00:00
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Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
177
Why is chlorophyll green ?:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Absorbs all wavelengths of the visible spectrum." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Absorbs wavelengths only from the red and ultra-red parts of the spectrum (680nm, 700nm)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Absorbs wavelengths in the red and blue parts of the visible spectrum."...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
178
Transketolase catalyzes the transformation of ribose-5-phosphate and xylulose-5-phosphate into:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Two molecules of ribulose-5-phosphate." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Fructose-6-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
179
In oxidative stress it is characteristic:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Decrease in the concentration of oxidized glutathione." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Increase in the concentration of reduced glutathione." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Decreased production of reactive oxygen species." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Increase in th...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
180
Which amino acid is a precursor of neurotransmissions such as dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline ?:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Tryptophan" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Serina" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Tyrosine" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Aspartic." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Glutamic" } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
181
Which of the following compounds acts as a reducing agent in fatty acid biosynthesis ?:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "NADH" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "NADPH." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "FAD +." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "FADH." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "NADP +." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
182
If an animal organism has deficiencies in the path of pentose phosphate:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "There would be an excess of activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The pentose phosphate would be integrated into the glycolytic pathway." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "NADH would be used to replace NADPH." }, { "aid": 4, ...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
183
The folded sheet β:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is formed by a single polypetide chain." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It presents a distance between adjacent amino acids of approximately 4 ångströms." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is formed by the union of two or more strands by hydrogen bonds." }, { "ai...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
184
In which part of the cell is ribosomal RNA synthesized ?:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Nucleolus" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Ribosomes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vacuolas" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Golgi apparatus." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Endoplasmic reticulum." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
185
The arginosuccinasa:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "In an enzyme of the citric acid cycle." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Converts arginine to lysine." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is activated by the allosteric effector N-acetylglutamate." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It produces fumarate." }, { "aid":...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
186
In animals, where is most of the extracellular material components synthesized ?:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "In the smooth endoplasmic reticulum." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "In the rough endoplasmic reticulum." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "In the extracellular layer itself." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "In the plasma membrane." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "In...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
187
What is the role of the helicase in replication ?:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Join the single-stranded DNA to prevent the double helix from forming again." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Catalyze the union of nucleotides." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Correct the errors that occur in the replication." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Synthesize...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
188
Nitric oxide:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is synthesized from methionine." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It binds to receptors coupled to G proteins (GPCR)." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Induces relaxation of the vascular end...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
189
The proteasome:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is formed by 21 homologous subunits organized in 3 rings." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is a protein complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ubiquitinated proteins." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is found only in animal eukaryotic cells." }, { "aid": 4,...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
190
Regarding telomerases, which of the following statements is not true ?:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They have reverse transcriptase activity." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They prevent shortening of telomeres." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Its defect promotes carcinogenesis." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Its activity is essential for the stability of chromosom...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
191
A person who presents with urine a high [Urea], possibly leads a diet:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Very low in carbohydrates and very high in proteins." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Very high in fat and low in protein." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Balanced except in carbohydrates." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Moderate in carbohydrates and balanced in fats a...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
192
The urea cycle:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It involves the degradation of urea." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It was proposed by Hatch and Slack." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It contains a reaction that transforms citrulline into ornithine." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is intimately linked to glycol...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
193
The speed of the electron transport chain:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It depends on the concentration of oxygen." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Increases when the concentration of ATP increases." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It is determined by the need for ATP." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is independent of ADP phosphorylation...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
194
The restriction enzymes hydrolyze bonds:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Phosphodiester" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Glucosidics" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Peptides" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Ionic" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "By hydrogen bridges." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
195
In humans, the synthesis of aspartate from oxaloacetate is catalysed by:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Oxalacetate decarboxylase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Aspartate synthetase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Aspartate dehydrogenase." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pyridoxal phosphate-dependent transaminase." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Oxalacetate liga...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
196
The micro RNA (miRNA):
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are coding RNAs." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They inhibit transcription." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They inhibit the translation." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Activate transcription." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Activate the translation." }...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
197
What characteristic is not common in biological membranes ?:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are fluid." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They are composed of lipids and proteins." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They are asymmetrical." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They are electrically polarized." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The various componen...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
198
The hydrogen atoms with partial positive charge of one water molecule can interact with the oxygen atoms, with negative partial charge of another water molecule. What name does this interaction receive? :
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Hydrophobic" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Polar." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Hydrogen bridge." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Van der Wall." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Zwitterion." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
199
In relation to DNA replication, the term processivity indicates:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Error rate of the polymerase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Deletion of one or more bases in the DNA." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Specificity in the speed of replication." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The ability of the enzyme to catalyze multiple consecutive ...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
200
The hepatic synthesis of methionine from homocysteine ​​requires:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Methylcobalamin." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "5'-Adenosilcobalamin." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Coenzyme B6." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Methionine adenosyl transferase." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
201
The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) by phospholipase C generates the following second messengers:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and triacylglycerol." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate and glycerol." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Inositol 4,5-bisphosphate an...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
202
The LDL:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They transport cholesterol to the tissues." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They transport cholesterol to the liver." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They transport \"good\" cholesterol." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Low blood levels are associated with a lower risk o...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
203
What type of amino acid side chains will compete with saline ions for solvation water ?:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Apolares." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Aliphatic" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Aromatic" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Polar" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Without charge." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
204
What is the first level of organization of DNA in chromosomes':
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Histones." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Nucleosomes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Sugar-phosphate chains." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Proteosomes" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Nucleotides" } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
205
Which process is not related to a proton gradient ?:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Oxidative phosphorylation" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Synthesis of NADPH." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Glucolysis" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Heat production" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Active transport." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
206
The thromboxanes:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They induce platelet aggregation." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They inhibit platelet aggregation." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They act as bronchodilators in the respiratory system." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They are produced in the membranes of all cells....
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
207
What sequence of RNA bases will be produced when the AGGCCTTTACGC DNA fragment is transcribed ?:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "TCCGGAAATGCG." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "AGGCCUUUACGC." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "UGGCCUUUUGCG" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "UGGCCUUUUCGC." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "UCCGGAAAUGCG." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
208
Chymotrypsin is a digestive enzyme with activity:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "DNAsa." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Protease" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "RNAsa." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Lipasa" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Glycosidase" } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
209
Biotin is a transporter of:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "CO2" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Phosphoryl" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Acilo" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Methyl." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Electrons" } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
210
Intestinal absorption of carbohydrates by absorptive cells:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It can be carried out with monosaccharides and disaccharides." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Sucrose is transported by sucrase." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Glucose is transported by facilitated diffusion and by Na + -dependent facilitated transport." }, { "aid"...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
211
Ultraviolet radiation changes the structure of DNA by:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Rupture of phosphodiester bonds." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Deamination of nitrogenous bases." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Depurinization" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Formation of cyclobutyl rings of pyrimidines." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Hydrox...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
212
Apoptosis is:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The cellular senescence." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "A form of programmed cell death." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Cell migration" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "A mode of cellular reprogramming." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The process of cell differe...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
213
The mitochondrial genome:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is circular." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is single-strand." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It encodes all mitochondrial proteins." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "It is part of the nuclear DNA." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
215
The lipogenesis takes place mainly in:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The mitochondria'." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The cytosol." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The peroxisomes." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The lysosomes." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "The lipid rafts of the membranes." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
216
The non-protein molecules that bind to the protein part of the enzyme constitute the complete enzyme are called:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Cofactors" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Metallic ions" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Coenzymes." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Vitamins" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Prosthetic groups." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
217
Form B of DNA:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "It is formed by a double helix levorotatory with two antiparallel nucleotide chains." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is wider and longer than form A." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "It has pairs of nitrogenous bases perpendicular to the axis of the helix." }, { "...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
218
Hydroxylation of Lys and Pro residues in collagen requires:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Vitamin B." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Vitamin A." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vitamin D." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Vitamin C." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "None of the above options." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
220
All of the following is part of the nucleosides EXCEPT:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Phosphate group." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Deoxyribose" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Ribosa." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Pentose" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Pyrrhic base." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
221
All the following events occur during the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate EXCEPT:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "CO2 is consumed." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "CO2 comes out." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "CoA is needed." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "ATP hydrolyzes." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "GTP is hydrolyzed." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
222
The final product of the cytosolic fatty acid synthase in humans is acid:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Oleic" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Arachidonic." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Linoleic" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Palmitic." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Palmitoleic" } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
223
Which of the following options is NOT an effect of insulin ?:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Stimulates the uptake of glucose at the level of white adipose tissue." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Stimulates lipogenesis at the level of white adipose tissue." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Stim...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
224
Which of the following is not a fat-soluble vitamin ?:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Vitamin A." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Vitamin C." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Vitamin D." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Vitamin E." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Vitamin K." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
225
About free radicals:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "They are compounds that contain two or three unpaired electrons in an outer orbital." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cell are only generated enzymatically." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Hydrogen peroxide is the most damaging radical in...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
226
Which of the following characteristics of the genetic code is NOT CORRECT ?:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The sequence of nitrogenous bases of a given gene has a fixed reading frame and no punctuation marks." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "It is degenerate, because for many amino acids there is more than one codon that encodes it." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "The degeneratio...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
227
Sulfonic acids are converted to sulfonyl chlorides by treatment with:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Methylene chloride" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Chlorine." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Sodium chloride." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Thionyl chloride." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Chloroform." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
228
The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "In conjunction with another enzyme, they bind the amino acid to the tRNA." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "They interact directly with free ribosomes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "They exist in multiple forms for each amino acid." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "They...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
229
Mass spectrometry is combined with chromatography to generate a very powerful analytical tool. With regard to mass spectrometry (MS), it can be said that:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "The electronic ionization is based on the ion-molecule reactions between the reactive gas ions and the analyte molecules." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "The linear quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylinders that are placed in parallel so that they are positively and neg...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
230
In protein biosynthesis, base pairing takes place during the translation process between:
4
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "RNA and DNA" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "DNA and ribosomal RNA" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "The messenger RNA and the transfer RNA." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "18S ribosomal RNA and 5S ribo...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
231
The synthesis with malonic ester is an important method to prepare:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Ketones" }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Aldehydes." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Alcohols" }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Amides" }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Acids" } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
232
The analysis by potentiometric redisolution is characterized:
3
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "By using the square wave as an element of excitation." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Because the redisolution stage is carried out without agitation." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Because the reoxidation step is carried out by an oxidizing agent." }, { "aid": 4, ...
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
233
After the reaction of some xenobiotics with glutathione, the final product is formed:
5
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Sulfanil urea." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Reduced glutathione" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Oxidized glutathione." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Thiosulfate." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Mercapturic acid." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
234
Indicate, which of the compounds listed below, has a higher acidity:
2
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "Acetic acid." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "Hydrogen bromide" }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "Sulfuric acid." }, { "aid": 4, "atext": "Carbonic acid." }, { "aid": 5, "atext": "Nitric acid." } ]
Cuaderno_2014_1_Q
2014
chemistry
235
A conjugated protein is:
1
[ { "aid": 1, "atext": "A protein that contains chemical components different from the permanently associated amino acids." }, { "aid": 2, "atext": "A protein that contains amino acids with side chains with conjugated bonds." }, { "aid": 3, "atext": "A protein that contains chemical co...