score int64 15 783 | text stringlengths 897 602k | url stringlengths 16 295 | year int64 13 24 |
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18 | Here's a very simple GNU Make function: it takes three arguments and makes a
'date' out of them by inserting / between the first and second and second and third arguments:
make_date = $1/$2/$3
The first thing to notice is that make_date is defined just like any other GNU Make macro (you must use = and not := for reason... | http://www.agileconnection.com/article/gnu-make-user-defined-functions | 13 |
17 | Fallacies are defects in an argument other than false premises which cause an argument to be invalid, unsound or weak. Fallacies can be separated into two general groups: formal and informal. A formal fallacy is a defect which can be identified merely be looking at the logical structure of an argument rather than any s... | http://atheism.about.com/od/logicalarguments/a/fallacy.htm | 13 |
24 | |This is the print version of Geometry
You won't see this message or any elements not part of the book's content when you print or preview this page.
Part I- Euclidean Geometry
Chapter 1: Points, Lines, Line Segments and Rays
Points and lines are two of the most fundamental concepts in Geometry, but they are also the m... | http://en.m.wikibooks.org/wiki/Geometry/Print_version | 13 |
21 | It was developed by Charles Spearman in early 1900s and as such this test is also called as Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. In statistical analysis situation arises when the data are not available to use in numerical form for correlation analysis, but the information is sufficient to rank the data as first, se... | http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/statistics/nonparametric-tests/spearman-rank-correlation/ | 13 |
15 | Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models used to analyze the differences between group means and their associated procedures (such as "variation" among and between groups). In ANOVA setting, the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attr... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_variance | 13 |
19 | Unit 2 Idealism, Realism and Pragmatism in Education
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
1. Explain major world views of philosophies: idealism, realism, and pragmatism; and
2. Identify the contributions of the world views of philosophies, such as idealism, realism, and pragmatism to the field of education... | http://www.kheru2006.webs.com/4idealism_realism_and_pragmatigsm_in_education.htm | 13 |
15 | Creative Debate is a role-playing exercise. Students assume a specific point of view and debate a controversial topic from this perspective. Creative Debates promote both critical thinking and tolerance of opposing views.
Steps to Creative Debate:
Discuss the rules for debate with the class. Have students suggest guide... | http://www.readingeducator.com/strategies/debate.htm | 13 |
21 | Logical Reasoning is our guide to good decisions. It is also a guide to sorting out truth from falsehood.
Like every subject, Logic has its own vocabulary and it is important that you understand the meanings of some important words/terms on which problems are usually framed in the Common Admission Test. Once you have b... | http://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/cat-logical-reasoning-format-syllabus-and-types-of-problem-1338317908-1 | 13 |
25 | The NCTE Committee on Critical Thinking and the Language Arts defines critical thinking as "a process which stresses an attitude of suspended judgment, incorporates logical inquiry and problem solving, and leads to an evaluative decision or action." In a new monograph copublished by the ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading an... | http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9211/critical.htm | 13 |
37 | Visualization of the quicksort algorithm. The horizontal lines are pivot values.
|Worst case performance||O(n2)|
|Best case performance||O(n log n)|
|Average case performance||O(n log n)|
|Worst case space complexity||O(n) auxiliary (naive)
O(log n) auxiliary (Sedgewick 1978)
Quicksort, or partition-exchange sort, is a... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort | 13 |
67 | Validity and Soundness
A deductive argument is said to be valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. Otherwise, a deductive argument is said to be invalid.
A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is both valid, and all o... | http://www.iep.utm.edu/val-snd/ | 13 |
49 | Categorical syllogisms are a special type of argument which has been studied for more than two thousand years. now since the time of Aristotle. It is the central piece of Aristotelian logic, and is still the most visible type of argument in logic courses and textbooks today. I
Categorical syllogisms, no matter what the... | http://cstl-cla.semo.edu/hill/PL120/notes/syllogisms.htm | 13 |
34 | Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of making statistical decisions from and about experimental data. Null-hypothesis testing just answers the question of "how well the findings fit the possibility that chance fac... | http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Statistical_test | 13 |
15 | In the next few articles, I'd like to concentrate on securing data as it travels over a network. If you remember the IP packets series (see Capturing TCP Packets), most network traffic is transmitted in clear text and can be decoded by a packet sniffing utility. This can be bad for transmissions containing usernames, p... | http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/lpt/a/2866 | 13 |
22 | United States Declaration of Independence
|This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (January 2013)|
|United States Declaration of Independence|
1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy
|Ratified||July 4, 1776|
|Location||Engrossed copy: National Archives
Rough draft: Library of Congress
|Author(s)||Thomas Jefferson et ... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence | 13 |
20 | Previous: 1.3 Designing Programs and the C Language
Up: 1.3 Designing Programs and the C Language
Next: 1.3.2 The C Language
Previous Page: 1.3 Designing Programs and the C Language
Next Page: 1.3.2 The C Language
An algorithm is a general solution of a problem which can be written as a verbal description of a precise,... | http://www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu/Courses/EE150/Book/chap1/subsection2.1.3.1.html | 13 |
39 | In chemistry, chemical synthesis is the purposeful execution of one or more chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, re... | http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chemical_synthesis | 13 |
21 | In 1920, A. A. Michelson and F. G. Pease measured the angular diameter of Betelgeuse, α Orionis, with the 100-inch reflector at Mount Wilson. From its distance, they directly inferred its diameter, confirming that it was a huge star. This was the first direct measurement of stellar diameter; all other methods had been ... | http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/astro/starsiz.htm | 13 |
25 | ||This article needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. (December 2012)|
The Nullification Crisis was a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared by the power of the State that the f... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullification_Crisis | 13 |
28 | looking at the relationship between two variables taken from objects in
a sample, correlation
is the appropriate approach when we are interested in the strength
of the association between the variables but
assume causality (that is, we have two potentially
variables, not one independent and one depent
variable). The qu... | http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/McElroy/BIOL283/283lects26.htm | 13 |
16 | Sean D. Pitman M.D.
© December, 2006
Most scientists today believe that various places on this planet, such as Greenland, the Antarctic, and many other places, have some very old ice. The ice in these areas appears to be layered in a very distinctive annual pattern. In fact, this pattern is both visually and chemically... | http://www.detectingdesign.com/ancientice.html | 13 |
22 | Fprintf places output on the named output stream f (see fopen(2)).
Printf places output on the standard output stream stdout. Sprintf
places output followed by the null character (\0) in consecutive
bytes starting at s; it is the user's responsibility to ensure
that enough storage is available. Snprintf is like sprintf... | http://www.quanstro.net/magic/man2html/2/fprintf | 13 |
50 | for an activity according to grade level and/or core democratic
Civics Online hopes to not only provide a rich array of multi-media
primary sources, but to also give teachers ideas on using those
sources in the classroom. Explore the general activities
below, or investigate the activities created
for specific grade lev... | http://www.civics-online.org/teachers/activities.php | 13 |
15 | Chapter 1 The Parliament and the role of the House
The Commonwealth Parliament is composed of three distinct elements, the Queen1 the Senate and the House of Representatives.2 These three elements together characterise the nation as being a constitutional monarchy, a parliamentary democracy and a federation. The Consti... | http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/practice/chapter1 | 13 |
20 | Posted on 29 March 2013.
First grade students imagined that they were Christopher Columbus. As an explorer, they needed a way to sail across the ocean to discover new lands. They were instructed to use limited resources to design, plan, and construct a ship. Then they would test their ships in an actual water race wher... | http://blogs.henrico.k12.va.us/21/author/dhclough/ | 13 |
18 | What is the theme of this workshop? The theme of Workshop Seven
is "the excitement of student reasoning."
Whom do we see in the video? Terez Waldoch, a fourth grade teacher,
decides to try a new approach to teaching and bases her instruction on student
ideas. Her colleagues, administrators, students and their parents, ... | http://www.learner.org/workshops/privuniv/pup07.html | 13 |
31 | A quantum computer is a device for computation that makes direct use of quantum mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform operations on data. Quantum computers are different from digital computers based on transistors. Whereas digital computers require data to be encoded into binary digit... | http://dictionary.sensagent.com/Quantum_computer/en-en/ | 13 |
18 | Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
In computer science, a selection algorithm is an algorithm for finding the kth smallest (or kth largest) number in a list. This includes the simple common cases of finding the minimum, maximum, and median elements.
One simple and widely used selection algorithm is to use a sort algorit... | http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Selection_algorithm | 13 |
18 | Statistical correlation is a statistical technique which tells us if two variables are related.
For example, consider the variables family income and family expenditure. It is well known that income and expenditure increase or decrease together. Thus they are related in the sense that change in any one variable is acco... | http://explorable.com/statistical-correlation | 13 |
16 | Ribonucleic acid or RNA is a nucleic acid, consisting of many nucleotides that form a polymer. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate. RNA plays several important roles in the processes of translating genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into proteins. One type o... | http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/RNA | 13 |
31 | ||This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. (June 2013)|
|Part of a series on|
The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be based on empirica... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_research | 13 |
21 | The Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm ensures that a string search will never require more than N character comparisons (once some precomputation is performed).
Imagine that we are performing a string search, and the pattern is ``AAAB'' and the text is ``AAAXAAAAA''. If we use the brute-force algorithm, then the first test ... | http://ellard.org/dan/www/Q-97/HTML/root/node44.html | 13 |
188 | Chapter 14 Control and conduct of debate
The term ‘debate’ is a technical one meaning the argument for and against a question. The proceedings between a Member moving a motion and the ascertainment by the Chair of the decision of the House constitute a debate. A decision may be reached without debate. In addition, many... | http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/practice/chapter14 | 13 |
15 | Algorithms lie at the heart of computing. When you surf the web, you open up a web browser. When you view a website, your web browser takes the HTML file, which contains code, and then the browser uses an algorithm to convert the code into a page that actually makes sense to humans. When you listen to music on iTunes, ... | http://nolaymanleftbehind.wordpress.com/2011/07/11/algorithms-what-are-they/ | 13 |
30 | Go to the previous, next section.
A Lisp program is composed mainly of Lisp functions. This chapter explains what functions are, how they accept arguments, and how to define them.
In a general sense, a function is a rule for carrying on a computation given several values called arguments. The result of the computation ... | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/unix/gnu-info/elisp_12.html | 13 |
20 | Boolean satisfiability problem
In computer science, satisfiability (often written in all capitals or abbreviated SAT) is the problem of determining if there exists an interpretation that satisfies a given Boolean formula. In other words, it establishes if the variables of a given Boolean formula can be assigned in such... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boolean_satisfiability_problem | 13 |
16 | Individual differences |
Methods | Statistics | Clinical | Educational | Industrial | Professional items | World psychology |
More generally, decision making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. Common examples include shopping, deciding what to eat. Decision making... | http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Buyer_decision_processes | 13 |
28 | Are you confused by terms that educators use? The ASCD Lexicon of Learning might be what you need.
NCLB mandated that states and districts adopt programs and policies supported by scientifically based research. Drawing upon research and an extensive collection of evidence from multiple sources, the Common Core State St... | http://www.ct4me.net/math_methodology_2.htm | 13 |
24 | The Shape Of Words To Come: Lojban Morphology
Morphology is the part of grammar that deals with the form of words. Lojban's morphology is fairly simple compared to that of many languages, because Lojban words don't change form depending on how they are used. English has only a small number of such changes compared to l... | http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=194 | 13 |
20 | Introduction to Data Expressions
Introduction to Expressions and Operations
|Neither Microsoft Access nor Microsoft Visual Basic is case-sensitive. Therefore, any word we are going to use that involves a field, its name, and new words we will introduce in this section, whether written in uppercase, lowercase or a mix, ... | http://www.functionx.com/access2007/Lesson13.htm | 13 |
19 | The Jenkins-Traub Algorithm is a standard in the field of numerical computation of polynomial roots, fundamentally developed as a numerical algorithm specifically for the task of computing polynomial roots. In other words, (i) because it was planned from the outset for numerical purposes rather than being simply an ada... | http://math-blog.com/2008/03/06/polynomial-root-finding-with-the-jenkins-traub-algorithm/ | 13 |
23 | The assignment of physical processors to processes allows processors to accomplish work. The problem of determining when processors should be assigned and to which processes is called processor scheduling or CPU scheduling.
When more than one process is runable, the operating system must decide which one first. The par... | http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/OpSystems/Myos/schedule.htm | 13 |
16 | ||This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2013)|
In microeconomic theory, the opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone, in a situation in which a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives given limited resources. Assuming the best... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_cost | 13 |
31 | Would you like to add or edit content here? Here's how you can have an account!
Note to contributors: Try not to put the fallacy in this page - this is mainly an index to individual pages with more details on each argument. Create a link on this page, save it, and then click on that link to set up your new page.
What i... | http://www.freethoughtpedia.com/wiki/Logical_fallacies | 13 |
23 | Paired data, correlation & regression
Paired Sample t-test
A paired sample t-test is used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the average values of the same measurement made under two different conditions. Both measurements are made on each unit in a sample, and the test is based on the paire... | http://www.stats.gla.ac.uk/steps/glossary/paired_data.html | 13 |
23 | Acres and a Mule:
Slavery as a legal institution lasted for about 250
years up until the Emancipation
Proclamation of 1865 and for another 100 years, African Americans were
subjected to Jim Crow laws of which they were not seen as legally equal
until 1965. Initially,
reparations were to be paid by giving freed slaves 4... | http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/theo1/projects/2001_coophenkphillips/index.htm | 13 |
35 | Reasoning is the use of information to arrive at a conclusion. The challenge
of reasoning is applying logical judgment to arrive at an appropriate
conclusion. For example, what is enough evidence? When is a comparison or analogy
appropriately applied and when is it a false analogy?
The outcomes of the reasoning process... | http://www.documentingexcellence.com/stat_tool/reasoning.htm | 13 |
30 | Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic
The Structure of Arguments
Abstract: The concept of an
argument is discussed together with the related concepts of premiss, conclusion,
inference, entailment, proposition, and statement.
I. We have seen that one main branch of philosophy is epistemology and one main branch of
epist... | http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/structure.html | 13 |
15 | Agner Fog: Cultural selection © 1999
2. The history of cultural selection theory
Lamarck and Darwin
The idea of cultural selection first arose in victorian England - a culture that had more success in the process of cultural selection than any other society. But before we talk about this theory we must take a look at t... | http://agner.org/cultsel/chapt2/ | 13 |
18 | An argument uses premises to reach a conclusion, but we can’t just accept that every valid argument proves the conclusion to be true. If an argument has a valid form, we need to know that the premises are true before we can know the conclusion is true. We rarely know for certain that the premises of an argument are tru... | http://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/three-forms-of-evidence/ | 13 |
20 | DNA replication is a biological process that occurs in all living organisms and copies their DNA. DNA replication during mitosis is the basis for biological inheritance. The process of DNA replication starts when one double-stranded DNA molecule produces two identical copies of the molecule. Each strand of the original... | http://www.bioscience.ws/encyclopedia/index.php?title=DNA_replication | 13 |
22 | Science Fair Project Encyclopedia
The algebra of sets
The algebra of sets develops and describes the basic properties and laws of sets, the set-theoretic operations of union, intersection, and complementation and the relations of set equality and set inclusion. It also provides systematic procedures for evaluating expr... | http://www.all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/The_algebra_of_sets | 13 |
26 | What is Syllogism?
- Syllogism is logic. As discussed in class, all math is logic driven. Thinking logically involves taking widely accepted concepts and applying them to life.
For example, If I let go of my pencil and it falls on the ground, it is only logical to assume it fell due to gravity. I can safely assume this... | http://math2033.uark.edu/wiki/index.php/Syllogisms | 13 |
18 | In implementing the Algebra process and content performance indicators, it is expected that students will identify and justify mathematical relationships. The intent of both the process and content performance indicators is to provide a variety of ways for students to acquire and demonstrate mathematical reasoning abil... | http://www.p12.nysed.gov/ciai/mst/math/standards/algebra.html | 13 |
15 | The test form
of an argument is what results from replacing different words, or sentences, that make up the argument with letters; the letters are called variables
Some examples of valid arguments forms are modus ponens, modus tollens, and disjunctive syllogism. One invalid argument form is affirming the consequent.
Ju... | http://july.fixedreference.org/en/20040724/wikipedia/Argument_form | 13 |
22 | An argument is a set of propositions designed to demonstrate that a particular conclusion, called the thesis, is true. An argument is not simply a statement of opinion, but an attempt to give reasons for holding certain opinions. An historical argument gives reasons for holding a certain opinion about an event in the p... | http://thenagain.info/Classes/Basics/HistArg.html | 13 |
18 | news & tips
A collection of helpful articles on teachers and teaching
Teaching Critical Thinking Through Debate
As the time draws near for U.S. citizens to exercise their voting rights, teachers have an opportunity to engage students in classroom discussions surrounding the presidential elections.
Students must be taug... | http://lessonplanspage.com/teaching-critical-thinking-through-debate/ | 13 |
30 | 3.2 Truth Tables
A truth table lists all possible combinations of truth values. A single statement p has two possible truth values: truth (T) and falsity (F). Given two statements p and q, there are four possible truth value combinations, ranging from TT to FF. So there are four rows in the truth table. In general, giv... | http://www.butte.edu/~wmwu/iLogic/3.2/iLogic_3_2.html | 13 |
17 | The Proof Builder uses a logical system that closely resembles the calculus used by E. J. Lemmon in his book Beginning Logic (London: Chapman & Hall) and by Colin Allen in his book Logic Primer (Cambridge: MIT Press 1992). Some familiarity with either system or with natural deduction calculi will be required when using... | http://logik.phl.univie.ac.at/~chris/gateway/proof-syntax.html | 13 |
146 | The word “argument” can be used to designate a dispute or a fight, or it can be used more technically. The focus of this article is on understanding an argument as a collection of truth-bearers (that is, the things that bear truth and falsity, or are true and false) some of which are offered as reasons for one of them,... | http://www.iep.utm.edu/argument/print/ | 13 |
19 | An expression, also called an operation, is a technique of combining two or more values or data fields, to either modify an existing value or to produce a new value. Based on this, to create an expression or to perform an operation, you need at least one value or field and one symbol. A value or field involved in an op... | http://www.functionx.com/access/Lesson16.htm | 13 |
15 | Version 1.89.J01 - 3 April 2012
Units is a program for computations on values expressed in terms of different measurement units. It is an advanced calculator that takes care of the units. You can try it here:
Suppose you want to compute the mass, in pounds, of water that fills to the depth of 7 inches a rectangular are... | http://units-in-java.sourceforge.net/ | 13 |
15 | Let P and Q be two convex polygons whose intersection is
a convex polygon.The algorithm for finding this convex intersection
polygon can be described by these three steps:
What's a pocket lid?
Construct the convex hull of the union of P and Q;
For each pocket lid of the convex hull, find the intersection of P
and Q tha... | http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~plante/compGeom/algorithm.html | 13 |
24 | How to Teach using Data Simulations
Research that examines the use of simulations on student outcomes suggests that even 'well-designed' simulations are unlikely to be effective if the interaction with the student isn't carefully structured (Lane & Peres, 2006). Consequently, how simulations are used is of great import... | http://www.nagt.org/sp/library/datasim/how.html | 13 |
17 | Today’s discussion lesson will focus primarily on building understanding for the following three academic language objectives within what makes an effective argument:
· In the end, students will practice framing an argument of their own by writing down an outline that includes: their thesis statement, who their intende... | http://www.sophia.org/elements-of-an-effective-argument-tutorial?subject=political-science | 13 |
47 | English Language Learners
Students must be prepared for future success in this increasingly complex and global society. As the rigor of academic expectations increase, there is one ever present skill that students will always need…critical thinking. Today’s classrooms must focus on learning how to find the solution, ra... | http://www.mentoringminds.com/research/english-language-learners-guide | 13 |
16 | This article is part of the series on:
|Introduction to Genetics|
|General flow: DNA > RNA > Protein|
|special transfers (RNA > RNA,
RNA > DNA, Protein > Protein)
|Transcription (Transcription factors,
(functional groups, peptides,
|epigenetic regulation (Hox genes,
In biology, transcription is the cellular process of ... | http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Transcription_(genetics) | 13 |
25 | Origins of the American Civil War
Historians debating the origins of the American Civil War focus on the reasons seven states declared their secession from the U.S. and joined to form the Confederate States of America (the "Confederacy"). The main explanation is slavery, especially Southern anger at the attempts by Nor... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_the_American_Civil_War | 13 |
18 | Rationality is something we all value, but which most of us find difficult to clearly define. We tend to think we're rational and others are not. We tend to think that we know what's rational and what isn't. But if we can't precisely define rationality, how can we be sure?
On this page, we'll briefly outline the subjec... | http://www.rationalfuture.org/rationality.html | 13 |
17 | Select a term from the dropdown text box. The online statistics
glossary will display a definition, plus links to other
related web pages.
Correlation coefficients measure the strength of
association between two variables. The most common correlation
coefficient, called the
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficien... | http://stattrek.com/statistics/dictionary.aspx?definition=Correlation | 13 |
34 | Elementary propositions, the simplest kind of proposition, consist of names (4.22) and depict a possible state of affairs (4.21). Just as the existence or non-existence of any possible state of affairs has no bearing on the existence or non-existence of any other possible state of affairs, so does the truth or falsity ... | http://www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/tractatus/section7.rhtml | 13 |
16 | Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (August 27, 1770 – November 14, 1831) was a German philosopher, the main representative of nineteenth century German Idealism, and one of the major thinkers in the history of Western philosophy.
Building on the foundation laid by Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Fri... | http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel | 13 |
26 | Hypothesis Testing Goal: Make statement(s) regarding unknown population parameter values based on sample data Elements of a hypothesis test: Null hypothesis ...
Formulating a HYPOTHESIS X and Y FORM DIRECTION FINDING RELATIONS HYPOTHESIS link TWO or more VARIABLES you believe to be related HYPOTHESIS (ES) generalizatio... | http://happytreeflash.com/hypothesis-ppt.html | 13 |
113 | Logic in Argumentative Writing
This handout is designed to help writers develop and use logical arguments in writing. Through an introduction in some of the basic terms and operations of logic, the handout helps writers analyze the arguments of others and generate their own arguments. However, it is important to rememb... | http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/659/ | 13 |
55 | In computer science and operations research, the bees algorithm is a population-based search algorithm first developed in 2005. It mimics the food foraging behaviour of swarms of honey bees. In its basic version, the algorithm performs a kind of neighbourhood search combined with random search and can be used for both ... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bees_algorithm | 13 |
19 | Deductive Fallacy Study Guide
Logical errors are, I think, of greater practical importance than many people believe; they enable their perpetrators to hold the comfortable opinion on every subject in turn.
Bertrand Russell, British philosopher, mathematician, and historian (1872–1970)
An argument with poor reasoning to... | http://www.education.com/study-help/article/errors-deductive-reasoning/ | 13 |
17 | Facts, information and articles about Secession, one of the causes of the civil war
Secession summary: the secession of Southern States led to the establishment of the Confederacy and ultimately the civil war. (Civil War should be capitalized; is there an SEO reason not to?) It was the most serious secession movement i... | http://www.historynet.com/secession | 13 |
15 | The Essential Role of Statistics
Modern psychology couldn't get by without statistics. Some of these simply describe research data and stop there. An example is correlation, which yields a single number that indicates the extent to which two variables are “related.” Another example is the set of often-complex statistic... | http://www.netplaces.com/psychology/how-psychologists-know-what-they-know/the-essential-role-of-statistics.htm | 13 |
17 | Argument by Definition
If you are looking for the definition of “argument”, look here.
If you’d like more reasoning resources, look here.
A common method of argumentation is to argue that some particular thing belongs to a particular class of things because it fits the definition for that class. For example, someone mi... | http://aphilosopher.wordpress.com/2008/01/04/argument-by-definition/ | 13 |
77 | An argument is an attempt to demonstrate the truth of an assertion called a conclusion, based on the truth of a set of assertions called premises. If the argument is successful, the conclusion is said to be proved. This article classifies arguments as either deductive or inductive. An argument always assumes a certain ... | http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Argument | 13 |
50 | In computing, optimization is the process of modifying a system to make some aspect of it work more efficiently or use fewer resources. For instance, a computer program may be optimized so that it executes more rapidly, or is capable of operating with less memory storage or other resources, or draw less power. The syst... | http://everything.explained.at/Optimization_(computer_science)/ | 13 |
15 | The central mechanism of Darwinism is natural selection of the fittest, requiring differences in organisms from which nature can select. As a result of natural selection, inferior organisms are more likely to become extinct, and the superior groups are more likely to thrive and leave a greater number of offspring.1
The... | http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/tj/v14/n1/females | 13 |
41 | ARISTOTLE’S SYLLOGISM AS SIMPLE AS ABC NOW
BY NEW RAVAL’S NOTATION
Syllogism was introduced by Aristotle (a reasoning consisting two premises and a conclusion).Aristotle gives the following definition of syllogism in his fundamental treatise Organon.
“A syllogism is discourse, in which, certain things being stated, som... | http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/discussionpost/Aristotles_syllogism_as_simple_as_ABC_by_new_Ravals_notation_96499431 | 13 |
15 | Dynamic programming is a useful type of algorithm that can be used to optimize hard problems by breaking them up into smaller subproblems. By storing and re-using partial solutions, it manages to avoid the pitfalls of using a greedy algorithm. There are two kinds of dynamic programming, bottom-up and top-down.
In order... | http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4278188/good-examples-articles-books-for-understanding-dynamic-programming/4278796 | 13 |
15 | Quicksort. The pivot is highlighted in red, the current sorting area is shaded and the recently swapped values highlighted in green. The sorting regions from the stack of the recursive calls is painted on the left. The current region is highlighted in red. The region on that partitioning will also be recursively is hig... | http://ultrastudio.org/en/Quicksort | 13 |
16 | Scatter plots are similar to line graphs in that they use horizontal and vertical axes to plot data points. However, they have a very specific purpose. Scatter plots show how much one variable is affected by another. The relationship between two variables is called their correlation .
Scatter plots usually consist of a... | http://mste.illinois.edu/courses/ci330ms/youtsey/scatterinfo.html | 13 |
17 | Before dawn on 8 November 1942, American soldiers waded through the surf of North African beaches in three widely separated areas to begin the largest amphibious operations that had ever been attempted in the history of warfare. These troops were the vanguard for a series of operations that eventually involved more tha... | http://www.history.army.mil/books/70-7_07.htm | 13 |
53 | [1.] Introduction: Arguments
Some of the material in this section of notes, as well as in the next few sections, should be familiar to you from Critical Thinking (PHIL 2020), which is a prerequisite for this class.
The word “logic” has more than one meaning:
1. the discipline of logic = the area of inquiry that studies... | http://www.westga.edu/~rlane/symbolic/lecture01_intro-to-arguments.html | 13 |
21 | In chemistry, chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products. This happens by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory usage, this tends to imply that the process is reproducible, reliable, and establis... | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synthesis | 13 |
40 | The functions in the printf family produce output according to a format as described below. The functions printf and vprintf write output to stdout, the standard output stream; fprintf and vfprintf write output to the given output stream; sprintf, snprintf, vsprintf and vsnprintf write to the character string str.
The ... | http://www.wlug.org.nz/asprintf(3)?action=PageInfo | 13 |
17 | A Brief history of Einstein’s special theory of relativity. The main conclusions of Einstein’s special theory of relativity are the Lorentz transformation equations. They are called the “Lorentz transformation equations,” because they had already been discovered, before Einstein’s first paper, by H. A. Lorentz, taking ... | http://www.twow.net/ObjText/OtkCaLbStrB.htm | 13 |
35 | Logic is an indispensable part of our daily lives, just as it is an indispensable part of mathematics. Whenever we present a reasoned argument on some topic, and whenever we present a proof of a mathematical fact, we are using logic. In both cases, the logic being used follows exactly the same structures. When used in ... | http://www.jcu.edu/math/Vignettes/logic.htm | 13 |
45 | Plato was an Athenian Greek of aristocratic family, active as a philosopher in the first half of the fourth century bc. He was a devoted follower of Socrates, as his writings make abundantly plain. Nearly all are philosophical dialogues - often works of dazzling literary sophistication - in which Socrates takes centre ... | http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/A088 | 13 |
29 | |Jump to:||Ternary Numbers||Bivalent Logic||Bivalent Modal Logic||Trivalent Logic||Trivalent Operators||Trivalent Modal Logic|
One of the most interesting aspects of Shwa is trivalent logic. The only natural language with trivalent logic, as far as I know, is Aymará, a relative of Quechua spoken on the altiplano of Bol... | http://www.shwa.org/logic.htm | 13 |
31 | Using a figure published in 1960 of 14,300,000 tons per year as the meteoritic dust influx rate to the earth, creationists have argued that the thin dust layer on the moon’s surface indicates that the moon, and therefore the earth and solar system, are young. Furthermore, it is also often claimed that before the moon l... | http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/tj/v7/n1/moondust | 13 |
18 | The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing humans into populations or groups on the basis of various sets of characteristics. The most widely used human racial categories are based on visible traits (especially skin color, cranial or facial features and hair texture), and self-identific... | http://www.reference.com/browse/human%20beings | 13 |
22 | “Computer simulation is defined as having the following two key features:
- There is a computer model of a real or theoretical system that contains information on how the system behaves.
- Experimentation can take place, i.e. changing the input to the model affects the output.
As a numerical model of a system, presente... | http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Computer_simulation | 13 |
16 | Computers are often used to automate repetitive tasks. Repeating identical or similar tasks without making errors is something that computers do well and people do poorly.
Repeated execution of a sequence of statements is called iteration. Because iteration is so common, Python provides several language features to mak... | http://interactivepython.org/courselib/static/thinkcspy/MoreAboutIteration/moreiteration.html | 13 |
22 | In Routing Protocol, Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send data on physical traffic. In different network operating system the network layer perform the function of protocol routing. In TCP/IP the IP protocol is the ability to form connections between different physical networks wit... | http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/routing/routing-protocols | 13 |
23 | This discussion addresses several different aspects of proof and includes many links to additional readings. You may want to jump to the activities, try some out, and then double back to the readings once you have had a chance to reflect on how you approach proofs. You can use the table of contents below to navigate ar... | http://www2.edc.org/makingmath/handbook/teacher/proof/proof.asp | 13 |
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