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Natural History Society of Northumbria Dr Marie Victoire Lebour (1876–1971) studied the life cycles of many aquatic organisms, rearing them from eggs to larvae and on through metamorphosis to adulthood, using the newly invented plunger jars which kept water flowing and full of oxygen. Her knowledge has contributed to o...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35372106
Natural History Society of Northumbria
Raymond Laurent Raymond Ferdinand Louis-Philippe Laurent (16 May 1917 – 3 February 2005) was a Belgian herpetologist, who specialized in African and South American amphibians and reptiles. He published more than 200 scientific articles and book chapters. Several species have been named after him, most recently "Phymatu...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35389165
Raymond Laurent
Biomanufacturing is a type of manufacturing or biotechnology that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important biomaterials and biomolecules for use in medicines, food and beverage processing, and industrial applications. products are recovered from natural sources, such as blood, or from cultures of m...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35438992
Biomanufacturing
Biomanufacturing Some examples of general classes are listed below: A partial listing of unit operations utilized during biomanufacturing includes the following: Equipment and facility requirements are dictated by the product(s) being manufactured. Process equipment is typically constructed of stainless steel or plasti...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35438992
Biomanufacturing
Biomanufacturing Skilled professionals are required for positions throughout the life cycle of a biomanufacturing product, which includes: Details for some of these positions are listed in “The Model Employee,” published by the North Carolina Biotechnology Center. In addition, the North Carolina Association for Biomedi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35438992
Biomanufacturing
Biomanufacturing Member institutions Golden LEAF Training and Education Center (BTEC) at North Carolina State University, (BRITE) at North Carolina Central University, and North Carolina Community College System’s BioNetwork operate multidisciplinary centers dedicated to workforce development for the biomanufacturing i...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35438992
Biomanufacturing
Magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) describes a class of fusion devices which combine aspects of magnetic confinement fusion and inertial confinement fusion in an attempt to lower the cost of fusion devices. MIF uses magnetic fields to confine an initial warm, low-density plasma, then compresses that plasma to fusion conditi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35461390
Magneto-inertial fusion
Magneto-inertial fusion The starships in Mike Kupari's novel "Her Brother's Keeper" are propelled in part by magneto-inertial fusion rockets.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35461390
Magneto-inertial fusion
David Hirst (arachnologist) David B. Hirst is an arachnologist previously based at the South Australian Museum in Adelaide. He left the Museum on 22 February 2011. He has described more than 40 species and genera in the Sparassidae (huntsman spider) family, and was regularly called on by New Zealand authorities to iden...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35466480
David Hirst (arachnologist)
David Hirst (arachnologist) In some cases he was able to rule out the bottles as the source of the spider because the specimens presented were not found in Australia. He however found a "Clubiona" sac spider more likely to have been in the bottle when filled because he was able to find the species present in wine growi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35466480
David Hirst (arachnologist)
Birks' law (named after British physicist John B. Birks) is an empirical formula for the light yield per path length as a function of the energy loss per path length for a particle traversing a scintillator, and gives a relation that is not linear at high loss rates. The relation is: where "L" is the light yield, "S" i...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35475501
Birks' law
Birks' law has mostly been tested for organic scintillators. Its applicability to inorganic scintillators is debated. A good discussion can be found in "Particle Detectors at Accelerators: Organic scintillators". A compilation of Birks' constant for various materials can be found in "Semi-empirical calculation of quenc...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35475501
Birks' law
Herbert Gleiter (born 13 October 1938 in Stuttgart) is a German researcher in physics and nanotechnology. In 1966, he received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Stuttgart in Germany. He received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in 1988 for contributions to the field of nanotechnology. He became the Chair P...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35487375
Herbert Gleiter
Herbert Gleiter In 2019, he received the Advanced Materials Laureate during the 30th IAAM Award Assembly.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35487375
Herbert Gleiter
Gravitational soliton A gravitational soliton is a soliton solution of the Einstein field equation. It can be separated into two kinds, a soliton of the vacuum Einstein equation generated by the Belinski-Zakharov transform, and a soliton of the Maxwell-Einstein equations generated by the Belinski-Zakharov-Alekseev tran...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35489100
Gravitational soliton
Einstein–Rosen metric The is an exact solution of Einstein's field equation. It was derived by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen in 1937. It is the first exact solution of Einstein's equation that described the propagation of a gravitational wave.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35489153
Einstein–Rosen metric
Anatoly Rusanov Anatoly Ivanovich Rusanov () (20 April 1932, Leningrad) is a Russian chemist. He is a member of the Russian Academy of Science since 1990. He is graduated from Leningrad State University and currently is the head of the Colloid Chemistry Department of St. Petersburg State University.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35493063
Anatoly Rusanov
Dmitry Kharitonov Dmitry Evstratievich Kharitonov (; 1896-1970), also spelt Charitonov, was the first native Russian arachnologist. In 1916 he founded the arachnological school of Perm State University, the oldest arachnology research group in Russia. The culmination of his work was the comprehensive "Katalog der russi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35502498
Dmitry Kharitonov
Cabled observatory Cabled observatories are seabed oceanographic research platforms connected to the surface by undersea cables. Such cables supply both power and telecommunications to instruments. By removing the limitations of undersea power sources and sonar or RF communications, cabled observatories allow persisten...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35509452
Cabled observatory
Cabled observatory Despite their advantages, cabled observatories can (and do) relay compromised data to scientists, particularly when located in remote parts of the ocean. Factors such as instrumental malfunction and biofouling are often responsible for this. Systematic improvements, to lessen the impacts of such fact...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35509452
Cabled observatory
Photometeor In atmospheric optics, a photometeor is a bright object or other optical phenomenon appearing in the Earth's atmosphere when sunlight or moonlight creates a reflection, refraction, diffraction or interference under particular circumstances. The most common examples include halos, rainbows, fogbows, cloud ir...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35516605
Photometeor
S. T. Satyamurthi S. Thomas Satyamurthi was an Indian zoologist who served as Superintendent of the Government Museum, Chennai and the Connemara Public Library from 1960 to 1978.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35525414
S. T. Satyamurthi
Pulkovo meridian The Pulkovo meridian, which passes through the center of the main building of the Pulkovo Observatory and is at 30°19,6‘ east of Greenwich, was the point of departure for all former geographical maps of Russia. This meridian was used as the reference in the Russian Empire before the Prime meridian (Gre...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35536188
Pulkovo meridian
Antônio Brescovit Antônio Domingos Brescovit (born 1959) is a Brazilian arachnologist. His first name, Antônio (the spelling used in Brazil) may also be spelt António (the spelling used in Portugal). He develops academic activities at the 'arthropodae laboratorium' at the Butantan Institute, and he is a specialist in N...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35540806
Antônio Brescovit
Repulsive state In quantum mechanics, a repulsive state is an electronic state of a molecule for which there is no minimum in the potential energy. This means that the state is unstable and unbound since the potential energy smoothly decreases with the interatomic distance and the atoms repel one another. In such a sta...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35548904
Repulsive state
Repulsive state When a molecule is excited by means such as UV/VIS spectroscopy it can undergo a molecular electronic transition: if such a transition brings the molecule into a repulsive state, it will spontaneously dissociate. This condition is also known as predissociation since the chemical bond is broken at an ene...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35548904
Repulsive state
John F. Eisenberg (1935–2003) was an American zoologist. Eisenberg was born in 1935, in Everett, Washington. As a boy, he trapped and studied rodents, which intrigued him, so he decided to obtain a scholarship to study zoology at a university. He graduated from Washington State University and earned his master's and do...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35553315
John F. Eisenberg
John F. Eisenberg Even during his retirement, he maintained his passion for mice and other rodents, and even went to Sri Lanka to study mammals of various sizes, including elephants. He was married and divorced 2 times. He died on July 6, 2003 at the age of 68 at his home in Bellingham, Washington.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35553315
John F. Eisenberg
Richard E. Grant (paleontologist) Richard E. Grant (1927–1994) was an American paleontologist. Grant was born in 1927. From 1972 till his death he served as a Chairman, Curator, and a Senior Geologist in the Department of Paleobiology and National Museum of Natural History. He is most famous for studying Brachiopods of...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35554613
Richard E. Grant (paleontologist)
Sklodowskite is a uranium mineral with the chemical formula: Mg(UO)(HSiO)·5HO. It is a secondary mineral which contains magnesium and is a bright yellow colour, its crystal habit is acicular, but can form in other shapes. It has a Mohs hardness of about 2-3. It is named after the maiden name of Marie Skłodowska Curie. ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35571278
Sklodowskite
Ramiflory In plant biology, ramiflory is the production of fruit and flowers on the woody branches of a plant, formed in a previous season. The corresponding condition for the trunk of the plant is known as cauliflory.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35571378
Ramiflory
Hilbrand Boschma (22 April 1893 – 22 July 1976) was a Dutch zoologist and director of the Rijksmuseum of Natural History in Leiden. Boschma studied botany and zoology at the University of Amsterdam. He went to the former Dutch East Indies, where he studied embryology, functional morphology in reptiles and amphibians, a...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35571520
Hilbrand Boschma
Hilbrand Boschma In 1925 he started giving lectures in general zoology for medical students, and in 1931 he became professor of general zoology. In 1934 Boschma became director of the Rijksmuseum of Natural History in Leiden. He was the first director who was specialized in invertebrate animals. He was also a Member of...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35571520
Hilbrand Boschma
Hilbrand Boschma Boschma is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of reptile ("Cryptophis boschmai" and "Draco boschmai"), a lobster ("Metanephrops boschmai"), and a fish ("Lophichthys boschmai").
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35571520
Hilbrand Boschma
Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia (SMED) is a rare autosomal-recessive disease which causes skeletal disorders. SMED is thought to be caused by a mutation in the Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) gene.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35594200
Spondylo-meta-epiphyseal dysplasia
Franz Joseph Hugi (1791–1855) was a Swiss geologist and teacher who was called the "father of winter mountaineering," and was author of two pioneer works on glacier phenomena.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35613537
Franz Joseph Hugi
Tarpeia (crater) Tarpeia is a crater on the asteroid 4 Vesta located at 69.5°S and 29°E, within the ridged and grooved terrain of Vesta's southern hemisphere. It has a diameter of 41 km. It is irregularly shaped and has a sharp, fresh rim. It contains many small craters less than a kilometer across and its steep slopes...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35624344
Tarpeia (crater)
Forecast verification is a subfield of the climate, atmospheric and ocean sciences dealing with validating, verifying and determining the predictive power of prognostic model forecasts. Because of the complexity of these models, forecast verification goes a good deal beyond simple measures of statistical association or...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35632302
Forecast verification
Forecast verification " This could be considered analogous to a "control" experiment. Another example would be a climatological forecast: "What is the weather going to be like today? The same as it was, on average, for all the previous days this time of year for the past 75 years". The second example suggests a good me...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35632302
Forecast verification
Forecast verification Climatological cycles may be removed from both the model output and the "truth" data. Thus, the skill score, applied afterward, is more meaningful. One way of thinking about it is, "how much does the forecast reduce our "uncertainty"?" Christensen et al. (1981) used entropy minimax entropy minimax...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35632302
Forecast verification
Forecast verification demonstrated the ability to predict the probability that precipitation will be below or above average with modest but statistically significant skill one, two and even three years into the future. Notably, this pioneering work discovered the influence of El Nino El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35632302
Forecast verification
Forecast verification For more in-depth information on how to verify forecasts see the book by Jolliffe and Stephenson or the book chapter by Daniel Wilks.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35632302
Forecast verification
Vibidia (crater) Vibidia is a crater on the asteroid 4 Vesta located at 26.9°S and 139.9°W. It has a diameter of 7.1 km. There is a distinctive ray-like pattern of bright and dark material, with the bright rays extending circularly for 15 km around Vibidia, and the dark rays mostly restricted to within the crater and o...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35635251
Vibidia (crater)
Szymon Syrski (24 October 1824, Łubnie – 13 January 1882, Lwów) was a Polish zoologist. He was a professor of zoology at Lviv University.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35637621
Szymon Syrski
Paul Géroudet (1917–2006) was a notable Swiss ornithologist. He was the chief editor of Nos Oiseaux from 1939 to 1994.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35645642
Paul Géroudet
Aethrioscope An aethrioscope (or æthrioscope) is a meteorological device invented by Sir John Leslie in 1818 for measuring the chilling effect of a clear sky. The name is from the Greek word for clear – "αίθριος". It consists of a metallic cup standing upon a tall hollow pedestal, with a differential thermometer placed...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35650011
Aethrioscope
Aethrioscope The contraction of the air in the second bulb by its sudden exposure to a clear sky causes the liquid in the stem to rise. The device will respond in a contrary fashion when exposed to heat radiation and so may be used as a pyrometer too.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35650011
Aethrioscope
Richard Blome (1635-1705) was an engraver, cartographer, and publisher in the Kingdom of England. Richard Blome's cartography flourished in the second half of the seventeenth century. He produced a great number of maps, but none were original, and he was often accused of plagiarism although usually made no attempt to h...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35672193
Richard Blome
Richard Blome Most of his work was engraved by Wenceslaus Hollar, "Richard Palmer", and "Francis Lamb", and embellished with dedications to county dignitaries which were added or omitted in later editions.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35672193
Richard Blome
Orlando Mendes Orlando Marques de Almeida Mendes (Island of Mozambique, August 4, 1916 – Maputo, January 11, 1990) was a Mozambican biologist and writer. He lived the Portuguese decolonisation of Mozambique. In 1944, he moved with his wife and daughter to Coimbra, where he studied biology at the University of Coimbra. ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35681165
Orlando Mendes
Extremotroph An extremotroph (from Latin ' meaning "extreme" and Greek ' () meaning "food") is an organism that feeds on matter that is not typically considered to be food to most life on Earth. "These anthropocentric definitions that we make of extremophily and extremotrophy focus on a single environmental extreme but...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35689039
Extremotroph
Particle deposition is the spontaneous attachment of particles to surfaces. The particles in question are normally colloidal particles, while the surfaces involved may be planar, curved, or may represent particles much larger in size than the depositing ones (e.g., sand grains). Deposition processes may be triggered by...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition While deposition processes are normally irreversible, initially deposited particles may also detach. The latter process is known as "particle release" and is often triggered by the addition of appropriate chemicals or a modification in flow conditions. Microorganisms may deposit to surfaces in a sim...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition A particle may diffuse to a surface in quiescent conditions, but this process is inefficient as a thick depletion layer develops, which leads to a progressive slowing down of the deposition. When particle deposition is efficient, it proceeds almost exclusively in a system under flow. In such conditi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition One refers to "unfavorable deposition conditions" here. The initial stages of the deposition process can be described with the rate equation where Γ is the number density of deposited particles, "t" is the time, "c" the particle number concentration, and "k" the deposition rate coefficient. The rate...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition When the charge of the particles is of the same sign as the substrate, deposition will be favorable at high salt levels, while it will be unfavorable at lower salt levels. When the charge of the particles is of the opposite sign as the substrate, deposition is favorable for all salt levels, and one ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition At one point, such a surface layer will repel any particles that may still make attempts to deposit. The surface is said to be "saturated" or "blocked" by the deposited particles. The blocking process can be described by the following equation where "B"(Γ) is the surface blocking function. When ther...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition The simplest RSA model related to deposition of spherical particles considers irreversible adsorption of circular disks. One disk after another is placed randomly at a surface. Once a disk is placed, it sticks at the same spot, and cannot be removed. When an attempt to deposit a disk would result in...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition When the depositing particles are polydisperse, much higher surface coverage can be reached, since the small particles will be able to deposit into the holes in between the larger deposited particles. On the other hand, rod like particles may lead to much smaller coverage, since a few misaligned rod...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition At higher salt and for larger particles, this effect is less important, and the deposition can be well described by the RSA model. When the depositing particles attract each other, they will deposit and aggregate at the same time. This situation will result in a porous layer made of particle aggrega...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition Direct observation of deposited particles is possible with an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, or the atomic force microscope. Optical microscopy has the advantage that the deposition of particles can be followed in real time by video techniques and the sequence of images can be ana...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition These techniques can provide information on the amount of particles deposited as a function of time with good accuracy, but they do not permit to obtain information concerning the lateral arrangement of the particles. Another approach to study particle deposition is to investigate their transport in...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Particle deposition When particles deposit in the porous medium, they will not arrive at the outlet, and from the observed difference the deposition rate coefficient can be inferred. occurs in numerous natural and industrial systems. Few examples are given below.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35696465
Particle deposition
Ernst Suffert (fl. 1900) was a German entomologist who specialised in studies of Lepidoptera. He is not to be confused with Fritz Süffert, who was also a German lepidopterist. described many new species of African butterflies and moths, including "Papilio chrapkowskii", "Papilio filaprae", "Mylothris ertli" and "Myloth...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35706568
Ernst Suffert
Fritz Süffert (1891–1945) was a German entomologist who specialised in studies of butterflies. He is not to be confused with Ernst Suffert, who was also a German lepidopterist. was an expert on adaptive colouration. He died in the Battle of Berlin.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35706608
Fritz Süffert
Anton Polenec (7 October 1910 – 30 October 2000) was a Slovene zoologist and specialist arachnologist. Polenec was born in Puštal near Škofja Loka in 1910. He studied at the University of Ljubljana and later taught zoology and was head of the Natural History Museum of Slovenia from 1955 to 1980. He studied and describe...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35715592
Anton Polenec
Chirp mass In astrophysics the chirp mass of a compact binary system determines the leading-order orbital evolution of the system as a result of energy loss from emitting gravitational waves. Because the gravitational wave frequency is determined by orbital frequency, the chirp mass also determines the frequency evolut...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35733284
Chirp mass
Chirp mass A two-body system with component masses formula_1 and formula_2 has a chirp mass of The chirp mass may also be expressed in terms of the total mass of the system formula_4 and other common mass parameters: In general relativity, the phase evolution of a binary orbit can be computed using a post-Newtonian exp...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35733284
Chirp mass
Chirp mass Furthermore, on identifying formula_27 and formula_28, the chirp mass can be calculated from the slope of the line fitted through the data points (x, y). To disentangle the individual component masses in the system one must additionally measure higher order terms in the post-Newtonian expansion.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35733284
Chirp mass
Capped square antiprismatic molecular geometry In chemistry, the capped square antiprismatic molecular geometry describes the shape of compounds where nine atoms, groups of atoms, or ligands are arranged around a central atom, defining the vertices of a gyroelongated square pyramid. The gyroelongated square pyramid is ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35740250
Capped square antiprismatic molecular geometry
Incyte Corp is an American pharmaceutical company based in Alapocas, Delaware. The company was founded in Palo Alto, California in 1991 and went public in 1993. has one drug, Jakafi, which has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and has been prescribed to patients in the United States. As of 20...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741235
Incyte
Incyte As of 2016 epacadostat, an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibitor, was in development for various cancers and was in combination trials with Merck's pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and Bristol Myers Squibb's nivolumab (Opdivo). Novartis acquired Incyte's c-Met inhibitor capmatinib (INC280, INCB028060), which is i...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741235
Incyte
Incyte , Ltd's anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, SHR-1210, in a deal worth $795+ million. In January 2020, signed a collaboration and license agreement for the global development and commercialization of tafasitamab with MorphoSys. On March 3, 2020, the agreement received antitrust clearance and thus became effective.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741235
Incyte
Bioconcentration is the accumulation of a chemical in or on an organism when the source of chemical is solely water. is a term that was created for use in the field of aquatic toxicology. can also be defined as the process by which a chemical concentration in an aquatic organism exceeds that in water as a result of exp...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration One of these mathematical models is a fugacity-based BCF model developed by Don Mackay. factor can also be expressed as the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in an organism to the concentration of the chemical in the surrounding environment. The BCF is a measure of the extent of chemical sharing...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration A partitioning model is based on assumptions that chemicals partition between water and aquatic organisms as well as the idea that chemical equilibrium exists between the organisms and the aquatic environment in which it is found can be described by a bioconcentration factor (BCF), which is the ratio o...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration The octanol-water partition coefficient (K) is correlated with the potential for a chemical to bioaccumulate in organisms; the BCF can be predicted from log K, via computer programs based on structure activity relationship (SAR) or through the linear equation: formula_2 Where: formula_3 at equilibrium ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration Substances Control Act (TSCA), a substance is considered to be not bioaccumulative if it has a BCF less than 1000, bioaccumulative if it has a BCF from 1000–5000 and very bioaccumulative if it has a BCF greater than 5,000. The thresholds under REACH are a BCF of > 2000 l/kg bzw. for the B and 5000 l/kg...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration Models are used to predict chemical partitioning in the environment which in turn allows the prediction of the biological fate of lipophilic chemicals. Based on an assumed steady state scenario, the fate of a chemical in a system is modeled giving predicted endpoint phases and concentrations. It needs ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration It is equivalent to partial pressure for most environmental purposes. It is the absconding propensity of a material. BCF can be determined from output parameters of a fugacity model and thus used to predict the fraction of chemical immediately interacting with and possibly having an effect on an organi...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration factors facilitate predicting contamination levels in an organism based on chemical concentration in surrounding water. BCF in this setting only applies to aquatic organisms. Air breathing organisms do not take up chemicals in the same manner as other aquatic organisms. Fish, for example uptake chemica...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration BCF does not explicitly take metabolism into consideration so it needs to be added to models at other points through uptake, elimination or degradation equations for a selected organism. Chemicals with high BCF values are more lipophilic, and at equilibrium organisms will have greater concentrations of...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration The rate at which an organism is exposed through respiratory surfaces and contact with dermal surfaces of the organism, competes against the rate of excretion from an organism. The rate of excretion is a loss of chemical from the respiratory surface, growth dilution, fecal excretion, and metabolic biot...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration C is the chemical concentration dissolved in water (g*L). k,k,k,k are rate constants that represent excretion from the organism from the respiratory surface, fecal excretion, metabolic transformation, and growth dilution (d). Static variables influence BCF as well. Because organisms are modeled as bags...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Bioconcentration An example of this is the movement of the organism may change as well as rates of excretion. If a contaminant is ionic, the change in pH that is influenced by a change in temperature may also influence the bioavailability The natural particle content as well as organic carbon content in water can affec...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35741423
Bioconcentration
Kantowski–Sachs metric In general relativity the Kantowski-Sachs metric (named after Ronald Kantowski and Rainer K. Sachs) describes a homogeneous but anisotropic universe whose spatial section has the topology of formula_1. The metric is: The isometry group of this spacetime is formula_3. Remarkably, the isometry grou...
Natural_sciences
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Kantowski–Sachs metric
Richard S. Boardman was an American paleontologist and curator of the Department of Paleobiology at the United States National Museum (now the National Museum of Natural History). Boardman worked for the museum from 1957 to 1985 and subsequently became a founding member of the International Bryozoology Association (IBA...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35760811
Richard S. Boardman
Mackenzie Gordon Jr. (1913–1992) was an American invertebrate paleontologist. He was an expert on Carboniferous fossils. Gordon worked for the United States Geological Survey for 40 years, from 1941–1981. He was a research associate at the National Museum of Natural History from 1981 to his death in 1992.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35760852
Mackenzie Gordon Jr.
Janez Matjašič (14 May 1921 – 9 August 1996) was a Slovene zoologist. Matjašič was an associate member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1974 and a full member from 1989. Apart from scientific contributions he also wrote two popular science books "Nevidno življenje" (Invisible Life) and "Iz življenja n...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35764931
Janez Matjašič
Bates–Guggenheim Convention In chemistry, the refers to a conventional method based on the Debye–Hückel theory to determine pH standard values.
Natural_sciences
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Bates–Guggenheim Convention
Vincent Moncrief Vincent Edward Moncrief is an American mathematician and physicist at Yale University. He works in relativity and mathematical physics. Moncrief earned his doctorate in 1972 at the University of Maryland College Park under the supervision of Charles William Misner and worked subsequently at the Univers...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35783189
Vincent Moncrief
Vincent Moncrief A key result (obtained jointly with Arthur Fischer of the University of California at Santa Cruz) was to relate the reduced Hamiltonian for Einstein's equations to a topological invariant known as the Yamabe invariant (or sigma constant) for the spatial manifold and to show that the reduced Hamiltonian...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35783189
Vincent Moncrief
Vincent Moncrief A discussion of this and related work (with Lars Andersson of the University of Miami and Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat of the Université Paris VI) may be found in Moncrief's and Choquet-Bruhat's lectures at the Cargese summer school on 50 years of the Cauchy Problem in General Relativity. Moncrief's own resea...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35783189
Vincent Moncrief
Vincent Moncrief Most of this research involves the treatment of sufficiently small but nevertheless fully non-linear perturbations of certain special backgrounds and includes an analysis of higher as well as lower-dimensional spacetimes in addition to physical (3 + 1)-dimensional spacetime.
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35783189
Vincent Moncrief
Jeans's theorem In astrophysics and statistical mechanics, Jeans's theorem, named after James Jeans, states that any steady-state solution of the collisionless Boltzmann equation depends on the phase space coordinates only through integrals of motion in the given potential, and conversely any function of the integrals ...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35784363
Jeans's theorem
Jeans's theorem can be generalized to such potentials as follows: The phase-space density of a stationary stellar system is constant within every well-connected region. A well-connected region is one that cannot be decomposed into two finite regions such that all trajectories lie, for all time, in either one or the oth...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35784363
Jeans's theorem
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) Kode constructs (Kode Technology) are amphiphatic, water dispersible biosurface engineering constructs that can be used to engineer the surface of cells, viruses and organisms, or to modify solutions and non-biological surfaces with bioactives. FSL Kode c...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35823031
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct All living surfaces are decorated with a diverse range of complex molecules, which are key modulators of chemical communications and other functions such as protection, adhesion, infectivity, apoptosis, etc. Functional-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) Kode constructs can be synthesized to mimic t...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35823031
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct However, it should be appreciated that this is merely a representation and the true structural similarity is significantly varied between Lego minifigures and FSL Kode constructs "(fig 1)". The functional group of an FSL is equivalent to a Lego minifigure head, with both being at th...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35823031
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct Because the lipid tail can act directly as an anchor it is analogous to the legs of a Lego minifigure. The functional group, the spacer and the lipid tail components of the FSL Kode construct can each be individually designed resulting in FSL Kode constructs with specific biological...
Natural_sciences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=35823031
Function-spacer-lipid Kode construct