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Social dominance theory The meaning and role of ‘social dominance orientation’ (SDO), the trait variable that dominates the research, are rendered problematic by a growing amount of evidence (see Schmitt, Branscombe, & Kappen, 2003, hereafter SBK; Wilson & Liu, 2003, hereafter WL); 4. The BA hypothesis (in which subord... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8377605 | Social dominance theory |
Social dominance theory Whereas, in fact, intergroup attitudes are not prior to but follow from social structure; they follow from the beliefs, theories and ideologies which groups develop to make sense of their place in the social structure and the nature of their relationships with other groups. SDO is a product of s... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8377605 | Social dominance theory |
Phone sex is a conversation between two or more people on the phone which is sexually explicit and is intended to provoke sexual arousal in one or more participants. As a practice between individuals temporarily separated, it is as old as dial telephones, on which no operator could eavesdrop (early 20th century). In th... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex Due to the potential for emotional intimacy between those who have engaged in phone sex, it is a matter of some debate whether phone sex is to be considered infidelity when involving a person outside of a committed personal relationship. Nevertheless, phone sex should not be confused with prostitution wherein... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex With the progress of technology it became more practical, convenient, and economical for providers to work out of their homes. Human dispatchers — female, except for gay male phone sex — answered the advertised phone numbers, processed payment via credit card, chose who of the available performers in the disp... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex When the Internet got relatively mature, sale of any sexual service not involving a minor could be made to anyone not a minor. Software platforms were custom written to handle money collection and transfer, connecting caller and sex worker though neither could see anything but the platform's phone number, and... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex By the end of the 1980s, nearly all of the major local phone companies in the United States, plus the major long-distance carriers, were actively involved in the adult chat line business. The telephone companies would provide billing services for chat line companies. Typically the telephone companies would bi... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex The vast majority of modern services in the United States use toll-free numbers whereby clients can dial up to request a call with a particular performer using credit cards, ACH Network systems, and a variety of other billing methods. There are still some services that rely upon premium-rate telephone numbers... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex Some phone sex services use state-of-the-art customer acquisition techniques such as active database marketing to reach potential clients. These advertising methods almost invariably target men, the primary consumers of phone sex services. The major phone sex and adult chat lines spend millions of dollars in ... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex The phone sex market in the UK is closely linked to the pornographic magazine market, and advertising for such services often provides a vital element of a magazine's revenue. Up to a quarter of the page length of some magazines may be devoted to such advertisements. Advertising in newspapers, which had been ... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex Most phone sex workers are recruited through word of mouth or the internet as the companies are widely forbidden from advertising in mass media. The number of female university students working for phone sex lines in the UK doubled between 2011 and 2013, according to a BBC-commissioned investigation. The indu... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Phone sex Justice Byron White wrote for the high court's majority A phone sex worker is a type of sex worker, sometimes referred to as a "phone sex operator", "fantasy artist", "adult phone entertainer", "audio erotic performer", as well as various other monikers. The most valued attributes of a phone sex professional ... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8387128 | Phone sex |
Bernard Yack (born 1952) is a Canadian born American political theorist. He received his B.A. from the University of Toronto and his Ph.D. in Philosophy from Harvard University, where he was a student of Judith Shklar. Yack has taught at numerous universities including Princeton University, & the University of Wisconsi... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8388234 | Bernard Yack |
Kavod HaBriyot Kevod HaBeriyot (; literally in Hebrew: "honor [of/due to] the [God's] creations (human beings)" also variously translated as "individual dignity", "individual honor", or "human dignity" (in a specifically Talmudic sense which may or may not be the same as the secular concept of human dignity)) is a conc... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
Kavod HaBriyot For example, carrying across a private property line is prohibited by a rabbinic prohibition (See eruv), but the Talmud records that the Rabbis created an exception for carrying up to three small stones if needed for wiping oneself in a latrine on the basis of "kevod habriyot" (Shabbat 81b, 94b). Similar... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
Kavod HaBriyot The Shulkhan Arukh, a seminal code of Jewish law, used a dramatic example to illustrate its holding that "kevod habriyot" does not override Biblical prohibitions. It held that an observant Jew who becomes aware of Biblically prohibited clothing should remove it immediately even if it leaves a colleague n... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
Kavod HaBriyot Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits held that because the principle of "kevod habriyot" reflects a perspective on values requiring a respect for life, Jewish law prohibits euthanasia. Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg held that wearing a hearing aid on Shabbat represents a modern analogy to classically permitted activities... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
Kavod HaBriyot In Rabbi Frimer's view, the concept of "kevod habriyot" can override rabbinic prohibitions under relatively narrow circumstances caused by external factors such as excrement or nakedness, but cannot override a rabbinic prohibition in its entirety. He argued that a rabbinic decree cannot itself be regarde... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
Kavod HaBriyot They held that rabbinic prohibitions against homosexual behavior are inconsistent with human dignity as society now understands it. They argued that the Conservative understanding of the principle of "Kevod habriyot" includes general society's evolving understanding of human dignity and that the rabbinic... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
Kavod HaBriyot The responsum argued that the principle behind "kevod habriyot" is the idea that a person can honor God by honoring others, and that this principle does not apply in cases where one's own honor, as distinct from others' honor, is at stake. It held that overriding a rabbinic prohibition because of one's o... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8408785 | Kavod HaBriyot |
History of fair trade The fair trade movement has undergone several important changes since its early days following World War II. Fair trade, first seen as a form of charity advocated by religious organizations, has radically changed in structure, philosophy and approach. The past fifty years have witnessed massive ch... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade In 1827 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a moral and economic boycott of slave-derived goods began with the formation of the "Free Produce Society", founded by Thomas M'Clintock and other abolitionist members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). In the Free produce movement, they sought to... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade The fictional tale recounts the story of Max Havelaar, a Nederlandse Trade Company employee, who leaves everything to work in solidarity with local Indonesian workers. This account draws a direct correlation between the wealth and the prosperity of Europe and the poverty of the suffering of other ... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade Fair trade during that period was often seen as a political gesture against neo-imperialism: radical student movements began targeting multinational corporations and concerns that traditional business models were fundamentally flawed started to emerge. The global free market economic model came un... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade Globally Oxfam still works in many countries on fair trade programs and runs hundreds of shops across Europe and Australia selling and promoting fair trade goods. In 1969, the first Worldshop opened its doors in the Netherlands. The initiative aimed at bringing the principles of fair trade to the ... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade The alternative trade movement blossomed, if not in sales, then at least in terms of dozens of ATOs being established on both sides of the Atlantic, of scores of Worldshops being set up, and of well-organized actions and campaigns attacking exploitation and foreign domination, and promoting the id... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade The collapse of the International Coffee Agreement in 1989 fueled the extraordinary growth of the fair trade coffee market, providing a powerful narrative for a new breed of fair trade brand that engaged producers directly in consumer operations. Cafédirect is a good example of this new thinking a... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade Some ATOs saw this as an opportunity to restructure and partner up with mainstream businesses in an effort to find economic efficiencies and broaden their appeal, while others (such as Alternativ Handel in Norway), unable to adjust to the market and plagued by financial difficulties, were forced t... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade The problem was to find a way to expand distribution without compromising consumer trust in fair trade products and in their origins. A solution was found in 1988, when the first Fairtrade label, Max Havelaar, was launched under the initiative of Nico Roozen, Frans van der Hoff and Dutch ecumenica... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade The initiative was a great success and was replicated in several other markets: in the ensuing years, similar non-profit Fairtrade labelling organizations were set up in other European countries and North America, called "Max Havelaar" (in Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, Norway and France), "Transf... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade The Fairtrade Certification Mark harmonization process is still under way – today, all but two labelling initiatives (Transfair USA & TransFair Canada) have adopted the new International Fairtrade Certification Mark. Full transition to the new Fairtrade Mark should become reality as it gradually r... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
History of fair trade Called the FTO Mark, it allows consumers to recognize registered Fair Trade Organizations worldwide and guarantees that standards are being implemented regarding working conditions, wages, child labour and the environment. The FTO Mark gave for the first time Fair Trade Organizations (including ha... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8413804 | History of fair trade |
Town Police Clauses Act 1847 The is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (10 & 11 Vict c. 89). The statute remains in force and is frequently used by local councils to close roads to allow public events such as processions or street parties to take place. The Act is also used to regulate the local hackney car... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8420007 | Town Police Clauses Act 1847 |
Town Police Clauses Act 1847 The select committee wrote: To provide uniformity in legislation in different geographical areas, to reduce the number of private bills about public functions, and to reduce expense, the select committee proposed eight public acts, each dealing with a different topic: The police legislation... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8420007 | Town Police Clauses Act 1847 |
Perajurit Tanah Air or Inilah Barisan Kita is a patriotic Malaysian national song. Composed by Saiful Bahari. The song is remarkable for its impartial, egalitarian lyrics, which extols the soldiers' love and duty to the motherland without explicit reference to any particular race or religion. "Perajurit Tanah Air" foun... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8420435 | Perajurit Tanah Air |
Professional courtesy generally refers to the etiquette extended between members of the same profession. The concept of professional courtesy is believed to have originated within the ancient practice of medicine whereby physicians provided services to other physicians without charge. However, the philosophy does not n... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8428553 | Professional courtesy |
Professional courtesy The original purpose of this practice was to discourage physicians from treating themselves and members of their own family. The custom dates back to Hippocrates, well before physicians had attained middle-class incomes. However, physicians regularly providing free or reduced rate services as prof... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8428553 | Professional courtesy |
Professional courtesy There is a website offering law enforcement employees the purchase of a family card that they can give to friends and family to produce at a traffic stop to identify them as a family member. Critics of the ethical actions of police officers purport that where an ordinary member of the public would... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8428553 | Professional courtesy |
Modalities (sociology) Modalities are fundamental to understanding the concept behind Structuration. According to Anthony Giddens, modalities explain the properties of the Structure. The structure is said to have both structural and individual qualities. Giddens refers to these structural modalities as 'rules' and 'res... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8433573 | Modalities (sociology) |
Robot ethics Robot ethics, sometimes known by the short expression "roboethics", concerns ethical problems that occur with robots, such as whether robots pose a threat to humans in the long or short run, whether some "uses" of robots are problematic (such as in healthcare or as 'killer robots' in war), and how robots s... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8434470 | Robot ethics |
Robot ethics Some of the central discussion of ethics in relation to the treatment of non-human or non-biological things and their potential "spirituality". Another central topic, has to do with the development of machinery and eventually robots, this philosophy was also applied to robotics. One of the first publicatio... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8434470 | Robot ethics |
Robot ethics Further events in the field are announced by the euRobotics ELS topics group, and by RoboHub: Computer scientist Virginia Dignum noted in a March 2018 issue of "Ethics and Information Technology" that the general societal attitude toward artificial intelligence (AI) has, in the modern era, shifted away fro... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8434470 | Robot ethics |
Robot ethics One such example is , which has a humanoid android, named Data, as one of its main characters. For the most part, he is trusted with mission critical work, but his ability to fit in with the other living beings is often in question. More recently, the movie Ex Machina and TV show Westworld have taken taken... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8434470 | Robot ethics |
Robot ethics With contemporary technological issues emerging as society pushes on, one topic that requires thorough thought is robot ethics concerning the law. Academics have been debating the process of how a government could go about creating legislation with robot ethics and law. A pair of scholars that have been as... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8434470 | Robot ethics |
Robot ethics The fourth claim they argue against is a metaphor that the pair defines as "The Android Fallacy". They argue against the android fallacy which claims humans and non-biological entities are "just like people". | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8434470 | Robot ethics |
Shaucha (Sanskrit: शौच, also spelled Saucha, Śauca) literally means purity, cleanliness and clearness. It refers to purity of mind, speech and body. Saucha is one of the Niyamas of Yoga. It is discussed in many ancient Indian texts such as the Mahabharata and Patanjali's Yoga Sutras. It is a virtue in Hinduism and Jain... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8455324 | Shaucha |
Shaucha The impurities of the intellect are cleansed through the process of self-examination, or knowledge of self ("Adhyatma-Vidya"). The mind is purified through mindfulness and meditation on one's intent, feelings, actions and its causes. Teachers of the Vedanta path of yoga prepare to have holy thoughts and for per... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8455324 | Shaucha |
Shaucha For example, in Book 14 Chapter 38, it lists "Saucha" as a high quality found in the liberated, happy and dharmic person, Bhagavad Gita describes purity at three levels in Book 17, verses 14-16, namely body, speech and thoughts. Purity of body comes from cleanliness of body as well as from what one eats and dri... | Religion&Philosophy&Ethics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=8455324 | Shaucha |
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