topic stringclasses 163
values | q1 stringlengths 20 154 | doc1 stringlengths 35 2.02k | q2 stringlengths 17 157 | doc2 stringlengths 35 926 | negation class label 10
classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ballet | Which countries have refused to let ballet decline? | Ballet started to decline in France after 1830, but it continued to develop in Denmark, Italy, and Russia. | Which countries have allowed ballet to thrive? | Ballet started to thrive in Denmark, Italy, and Russia, even as it declined in France after 1830. | 6implicit |
Vocal Technique | Identify historical writers who ignored the medieval monastic system in vocal pedagogy. | While the church maintained its dominance on intellectual and cultural life, there are individual examples of writers on voice pedagogy from this period who were from outside the church who put forward new ways of thinking and talking about the art of singing; although they lacked the wider influence of the monastic wr... | Identify historical writers who followed the medieval monastic system in vocal pedagogy. | While the church maintained its dominance on intellectual and cultural life, there are individual examples of writers on voice pedagogy from this period who were from within the church who put forward new ways of thinking and talking about the art of singing; and they matched the wider influence of the monastic writers... | 6implicit |
Vaccination | What is a live microorganism in vaccines? | Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. | What is a dead microorganism in vaccines? | Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, dead or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. | 7immediate antonyms |
Dance in the United States | Which dance forms refuse to follow European classical forms? | The early modern dance makers broke with European classical forms by giving into the weight of gravity, initiating movement from the center rather than the limbs, and emphasizing an emotional directness in their choreography. | Which dance forms follow European classical forms? | The early modern dance makers adhered to European classical forms by maintaining the traditional techniques, initiating movement from the limbs rather than the center, and de-emphasizing emotional directness in their choreography. | 6implicit |
Ocean currents | What are all the forces that generate ocean currents? | All forces generating ocean currents include wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences. | Is it not true that there exists a force that generates ocean currents? | It is not true that no open force contributes to the generation of ocean currents. | 3contrary |
Facebook | For every device with Internet connectivity, can Facebook be accessed? | For every device with Internet connectivity, Facebook can indeed be accessed, allowing users to engage with the platform from personal computers, tablets, and smartphones. | Is there a single device with Internet connectivity where Facebook cannot be accessed? | There exists a device with an Internet connection where Facebook cannot be accessed directly or conveniently. | 2contradiction |
Propaganda | What are all the types of media used historically for propaganda? | Throughout history, all media types such as paintings, cartoons, posters, pamphlets, films, radio shows, TV shows, and websites have been used to convey propaganda messages. | Are there no types of media historically used for propaganda? | There are no media types that have not, at some point, been used for propaganda historically. | 3contrary |
Forensic Science | What is an empty set? | An empty set is a set that contains no elements. The empty set is unique, which means that there is only one set with no elements. | What is a full set? | A full set is a set that contains all the elements within a given context or universe under consideration. | 7immediate antonyms |
Poker | How is poker confined to small groups? | Poker has increased in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century, and has gone from being primarily a recreational activity confined to small groups of enthusiasts. | How is poker expanded to larger groups? | Poker has increased in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century, and has gone from being primarily a recreational activity expanded to large groups of enthusiasts. | 9polar antonyms |
Memes | What is everything about the idea that memes act as units for cultural transmission? | In their complete scope, memes are units of cultural transmission as they can be seen as cultural analogues to genes, self-replicating and evolving through selective processes. | Can there be an idea about memes that does not describe them as units for cultural transmission? | There is an angle from which memes are viewed as units of cultural transmission not without opposition, as some commentators question this categorization. | 2contradiction |
List of horror films | What is the list of horror films from every decade? | For every decade from the 1890s to the 2020s, there is a list of horror films. | Is there a decade that does not have a list of horror films? | There exists a decade where not every genre of horror films is comprehensively listed. | 2contradiction |
Cyberpunk | Has the focus of cyberpunk literature shifted? | There are sources who view that cyberpunk has shifted from a literary movement to a mode of science fiction due to the limited number of writers and its transition to a more generalized cultural formation. | Has the focus of cyberpunk literature remained? | There are sources who view that cyberpunk has remained from a literary movement to a mode of science fiction due to the limited number of writers and its transition to a more generalized cultural formation. | 9polar antonyms |
Nutrition facts | What are some unhealthy food claims regulated in the EU? | Unhealthy food claims, such as 'low fat', 'high fibre', 'reduced calories', are regulated in the EU through Regulation 1924/2006. All health claims have been harmonized in the European Union. | What are some healthy food claims regulated in the EU? | Healthy food claims, such as 'low fat', 'high fibre', 'reduced calories', are regulated in the EU through Regulation 1924/2006. All health claims have been harmonized in the European Union. | 5affixal |
Industrial Revolution | What innovation did not contribute to the early economic growth of the Industrial Revolution? | An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as their markets matured; and despite the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. ... | What innovation contributed to the early economic growth of the Industrial Revolution? | An economic recession occurred from the late 1830s to the early 1840s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as their markets matured; and despite the increasing adoption of locomotives, steamboats and steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. ... | 0sentential |
Gothic Fiction | What role does decay play in Gothic fiction? | Gothic fiction is characterised by an environment of fear, the threat of supernatural events, and the intrusion of the past upon the present. The setting typically includes physical reminders of the past, especially through ruined buildings that stand as proof of a previously thriving world that is now decaying. Gothic... | What role does growth play in Gothic fiction? | Gothic fiction is characterised by an environment of fear, the threat of supernatural events, and the intrusion of the past upon the present. The setting typically includes physical reminders of the past, especially through ruined buildings that stand as proof of a previously thriving world that is now growing. Gothic ... | 8mid antonyms |
Automobile | Ignore the inventor who built the first internal combustion-powered automobile. | The Swiss inventor François Isaac de Rivaz designed and constructed the first internal combustion-powered automobile in 1808, although many tend to ignore him. | Recognize the inventor who built the first internal combustion-powered automobile. | The Swiss inventor François Isaac de Rivaz designed and constructed the first internal combustion-powered automobile in 1808, and many tend to recognize him. | 6implicit |
Method Acting | What universal technique is known as Method acting and who are its key contributors? | Method acting, or the Method, universally draws from Stanislavski's system and is developed by influential teachers like Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, and Sanford Meisner, each focusing on distinct psychological, sociological, and behavioral aspects. | Are there no contributors who played a significant role in the development of Method acting? | Not one of the contributors, such as Lee Strasberg, Stella Adler, or Sanford Meisner, can be excluded from those crucial to the development of Method acting. | 3contrary |
Renaissance Music | What marks the beginning of the Baroque period in music? | A convenient watershed for its end is the adoption of basso continuo at the beginning of the Baroque period. | What marks the end of the Baroque period in music? | A convenient watershed for its beginning is the adoption of basso continuo at the end of the Baroque period. | 7immediate antonyms |
Tattooing | What is a tattoo design with no specific meaning? | Tattoos may be decorative (with no specific meaning), symbolic (with a specific meaning to the wearer), pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item), or textual (words or pictographs from written languages). | What is a tattoo design with specific meaning? | Tattoos may be decorative (with specific meaning), symbolic (with a specific meaning to the wearer), pictorial (a depiction of a specific person or item), or textual (words or pictographs from written languages). | 0sentential |
Graphic Design | What elements do graphic designers avoid when communicating visually? | Graphic designers avoid solely relying on language to express ideas, feelings, and attitudes. Instead, they use aesthetics of typography and the compositional arrangement of the text, ornamentation, and imagery to convey messages. | What elements do graphic designers include when communicating visually? | Graphic designers include aesthetics of typography and the compositional arrangement of the text, ornamentation, and imagery to convey messages. Instead of only using language, these elements express ideas, feelings, and attitudes. | 6implicit |
List of action films | Does the list of action comedies include a list of films? | Action comedy film, which includes a list of films. | Does the list of action comedies exclude a list of films? | Action comedy film, which excludes a list of films. | 7immediate antonyms |
Cultural Anthropology | What is the definition of primitive societies in anthropology? | Cultural anthropology emerged in the late 19th century, shaped by debates over what constituted 'primitive' versus 'civilized' societies, an issue that preoccupied not only Freud, but many of his contemporaries. | What is the definition of civilized societies in anthropology? | Cultural anthropology emerged in the late 19th century, shaped by debates over what constituted 'civilized' versus 'primitive' societies, an issue that preoccupied not only Freud, but many of his contemporaries. | 7immediate antonyms |
History of hip hop | What were the early rap music tracks liked for their simplified manner? | The early productions of Rap after Disco sought a more simplified manner of producing the tracks they were to sing over. | What were the early rap music tracks liked for their complex manner? | The early productions of Rap after Disco sought a more complex manner of producing the tracks they were to sing over. | 8mid antonyms |
Magic (illusion) | How do magicians use natural means in performances? | Magic, which encompasses the subgenres of close-up magic, parlor magic, and stage magic, among others, is a performing art in which audiences are entertained by tricks, effects, or illusions of seemingly impossible feats, using natural means. | How do magicians use supernatural means in performances? | Magic, which encompasses the subgenres of close-up magic, parlor magic, and stage magic, among others, is a performing art in which audiences are entertained by tricks, effects, or illusions of seemingly impossible feats, using supernatural means. | 7immediate antonyms |
Cyberculture | What is an unreliable factor in establishing credibility online? | Credibility online is established in much the same way that it is established in the offline world. Lawrence Lessig claimed that the architecture of a given online community may be the most important factor in establishing credibility. Factors include: anonymity, connection to physical identity, comment rating system, ... | What is a reliable factor in establishing credibility online? | Credibility online is established in much the same way that it is established in the offline world. Lawrence Lessig claimed that the architecture of a given online community may be the most important factor in establishing credibility. Factors include: anonymity, connection to physical identity, comment rating system, ... | 5affixal |
Climate change | What are some ways to ignore fossil fuel use in energy production? | Fossil fuel use can be phased out by conserving energy and switching to energy sources that do not produce significant carbon pollution. These energy sources include wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear power. Cleanly generated electricity can replace fossil fuels for powering transportation, heating buildings, and running ... | What are some ways to utilize fossil fuel use in energy production? | Fossil fuel use can be maintained by using energy sources that produce significant carbon pollution. These energy sources include coal, oil, and natural gas. Conventionally generated electricity can use fossil fuels for powering transportation, heating buildings, and running industrial processes. | 6implicit |
Bigfoot | What does Bigfoot smell like according to Michael Rugg? | Michael Rugg, the owner of the Bigfoot Discovery Museum, claims to have smelled Bigfoot, stating, "Imagine a skunk that had rolled around in dead animals and had hung around the garbage pits." | What does Bigfoot smell like according to Michael Rugg? | Michael Rugg, the owner of the Bigfoot Discovery Museum, claims to have smelled Bigfoot, stating, "Imagine a skunk that had rolled around in alive animals and had hung around the garbage pits." | 7immediate antonyms |
Coral Reef | Are there some types of coral reefs that provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species? | Some coral reefs provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species, making them some of Earth's most diverse ecosystems even though they occupy a very small portion of the ocean area. | Is there some type of coral reef where not all provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species? | There is some coral reef that does not provide a home for at least 25% of all marine species. Nevertheless, coral reefs in general are known to be homes to a multitude of marine life. | 4subcontradiction |
Facebook | What is an unprecedented critique of Facebook? | Facebook has often been subject to numerous unprecedented critiques, such as issues with user privacy (as seen in the Cambridge Analytica data scandal), political manipulation, and content like fake news. | What is a precedented critique of Facebook? | Facebook has often been subject to numerous precedented critiques, such as issues with user privacy (as seen in the Cambridge Analytica data scandal), political manipulation, and content like fake news. | 5affixal |
Tattooing | Identify cultures that refused tattooing practices historically | Emperor Constantine I banned tattooing the face around AD 330, and the Second Council of Nicaea banned all body markings as a pagan practice in AD 787. | Identify cultures that accepted tattooing practices historically | Throughout history, many cultures have embraced tattooing as a significant practice. For instance, in the Pacific Islands and Asia, tattooing has been integral to cultural rituals and expressions. The early Egyptians and Nubians also used tattoos as part of their spiritual and ritualistic practices thousands of years a... | 6implicit |
High Fantasy | What are some defining characteristics of high fantasy? | High fantasy is typically set in a quasi-medieval world, is frequently inspired by various mythological or legendary traditions, and often but not always features supernatural sorcery and imaginary beings such as dragons. | What are some defining characteristics of low fantasy? | Low fantasy is typically set in a quasi-medieval world, is frequently inspired by various mythological or legendary traditions, and often but not always features supernatural sorcery and imaginary beings such as dragons. | 7immediate antonyms |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.