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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_History_1 | 0 | -1 | Which of the following best explains the overall trend shown in the <image 1>? | 1 | B | History | [
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... | 693 | Based on the graph provided, here is an analysis of the trends for both the Roman and Han populations:
**Analysis of the Graph:**
1. **Roman Population (Solid Line):**
* Starts high (around 50 million) at Year 0.
* Shows a general **downward trend** over the period (from 0 C.E. to 600 C.E.).
* The ... | 409 | 284 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Art_113 | 1 | -1 | <image 1> of Louis Black, believed to be a formerly enslaved man, was painted by which artist? | 1 | A | Art | [
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... | 323 | I do not have the information in my training data to tell you which artist painted the image of Louis Black.<turn|> | 23 | 300 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | validation_Design_19 | 2 | -1 | <image 1> is a symbol of... | 1 | H | Design | [
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... | 329 | The image you provided is a depiction of **Father Time**.
Father Time is a personification of **Time** itself.
Therefore, the image is a symbol of **Time**.<turn|> | 38 | 291 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_History_134 | 3 | -1 | The conflict addressed in the <image 1> is best understood in the context of which of the following? | 1 | J | History | [
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... | 742 | The conflict addressed in the image is best understood in the context of **late 19th and early 20th-century American immigration restrictionism and nativism.**
Here is a detailed breakdown of why:
1. **The Sign/Banner:** The prominent text, "NOTICE - COMMUNIST NIHILIST SOCIALIST FENIAN & (OODLUM WELCOME BUT NO ADMITT... | 437 | 305 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Literature_65 | 4 | -1 | Refer to the figure <image 1>, which term refers to the materials and technical means used by artists to create pictures? | 1 | I | Literature | [
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... | 372 | The term that refers to the materials and technical means used by artists to create pictures is **media** (or **art materials**).
In the context of the image, this would include:
* **Materials:** Paints (like the ones in the palette), pencils, paper, brushes, etc.
* **Technical Means:** The specific techniques used (... | 84 | 288 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Agriculture_195 | 5 | -1 | <image 1> Which nutrient seems to be absent given the signs of deficiency in this brassica seedling? | 1 | J | Agriculture | [
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... | 555 | Based on the image, the brassica seedling exhibits **purpling or reddish coloration** in the stems and potentially the leaf margins, while the leaves themselves are a somewhat dull green.
In brassicas (like kale, cabbage, broccoli), **purpling** is often a sign of **phosphorus (P) deficiency** or sometimes **potassium... | 256 | 299 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Finance_304 | 6 | -1 | For each of the following $1,000-parvalue bonds, assuming annual interest payment and a 40% tax rate, calculate the after-tax cost to maturity using the approximation formula. <image 1> | 1 | I | Finance | [
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... | 2,875 | Here is the step-by-step calculation for the after-tax cost to maturity ($\text{YTM}_{\text{after-tax}}$) for each bond using the approximation formula.
### Key Formulas and Concepts
1. **Before-Tax Cost to Maturity ($\text{YTM}_{\text{before-tax}}$) Approximation Formula:**
$$\text{YTM}_{\text{before-tax}} \app... | 2,547 | 328 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Sociology_191 | 7 | -1 | In general, children in ______ households benefit from <image 1>. | 1 | H | Sociology | [
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... | 499 | The image you provided shows silhouettes of people and two broken house shapes.
Based on the visual elements, the prompt seems to be leading towards a concept related to **family structure, stability, or the impact of household conditions on children.**
Since the image itself doesn't provide specific context about *w... | 210 | 289 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Accounting_42 | 8 | -1 | Prices of zero-coupon bonds reveal the following pattern of forward rates: <image 1> In addition to the zero-coupon bond, investors also may purchase a 3-year bond making annual payments of $60 with par value $1,000. Under the expectations hypothesis, what is the expected realized compound yield of the coupon bond? | 1 | G | Accounting | [
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... | 2,225 | Here is the step-by-step solution based on the expectations hypothesis.
### 1. Understand the Given Information
**Forward Rates:**
* $f_{1,2} = 5\% = 0.05$ (Forward rate for year 1 to year 2)
* $f_{2,3} = 7\% = 0.07$ (Forward rate for year 2 to year 3)
* $f_{3,4} = 8\% = 0.08$ (Forward rate for year 3 to year 4)
**C... | 1,889 | 336 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Energy_and_Power_152 | 9 | -1 | Gate AB in Fig. P2.51 is 1.2 m long and 0.8 m into the paper. Neglecting atmospheric-pressure effects, compute the force F on the gate. <image 1> | 1 | B | Energy_and_Power | [
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... | 1,614 | Here is the step-by-step computation of the force $F$ on the gate $AB$.
### 1. Define the Geometry and Parameters
* **Fluid:** Oil
* **Specific Gravity ($\text{SG}$):** $0.82$
* **Density of Water ($\rho_w$):** $1000 \text{ kg/m}^3$
* **Density of Oil ($\rho$):** $\text{SG} \times \rho_w = 0.82 \times 1000 = ... | 1,284 | 330 | 1,234 | [
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mmmu-pro-standard-10 | test_Pharmacy_287 | 10 | -1 | The following diagram shows the bacteriorhodopsin protein.This protein have quaternary structure.<image 1> | 1 | A | Pharmacy | [
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... | 642 | The statement "This protein have quaternary structure" is **incorrect** based on the typical understanding of bacteriorhodopsin's structure, although the image provided is a simplified representation.
Here is a detailed explanation:
### 1. What is Bacteriorhodopsin?
Bacteriorhodopsin is a light-driven proton pump fo... | 339 | 303 | 1,234 | [
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-100... | 9d34f60fb54b2685e4c1567a701b85dd36b6799c76301c6048c3f8d48cd2e507 | {"gemma4_processor_config":{"boi_token":"<|image>","eoi_token":"<image|>","image_seq_length":280,"image_token":"<|image|>","image_token_id":258880,"tokenizer_image_token":"<|image|>"},"gemma4_vision_token_config":{"max_soft_tokens":280,"patch_size":16,"pooling_kernel_size":3},"gemma4_vision_tokens_override_by_vllm":fal... | 38fcb910a29fac248c3bd347c9d33d12775e083510fb717fb96b816bf7009fd6 | 270 | 270 | google/gemma-4-E4B-it | null | |
mmmu-pro-standard-10 | validation_Architecture_and_Engineering_17 | 11 | -1 | A dam is to be constructed across a valley to form a reservoir, and the areas in the following table enclosed by contour loops were obtained from a plan of the area involved.If the 660 m level represents the level floor of the reservoir, use the prismoidal formula to calculate the volume of water impounded when the wat... | 1 | J | Architecture_and_Engineering | [
2,
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... | 1,541 | Here is the step-by-step calculation to determine the volume of water impounded using the prismoidal formula.
### 1. Understand the Goal and Formula
**Goal:** Calculate the volume of water impounded when the water level reaches $700 \text{ m}$.
**Given:**
* The lowest contour level (floor) is $660 \text{ m}$.
* T... | 1,205 | 336 | 1,234 | [
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