Datasets:

labrat-aiko
/

popia-compliance-nli

clause stringclasses 7 values	premise stringlengths 35 217	hypothesis stringlengths 45 132	label stringclasses 3 values	scenario stringlengths 9 21
POPIA consent	Our signup flow presents a pre-ticked marketing opt-in checkbox that customers must untick if they don't want newsletters.	The responsible party is relying on valid, freely-given consent for marketing.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA consent	We process payroll for contracted employees under the employment contract, without asking them to tick a separate consent box.	Processing requires the data subject's explicit consent to be lawful.	contradiction	sme-payroll
POPIA consent	When a donor gives to our NGO, we send them a short form that explains what we will do with their details and ask them to sign before we add them to our mailing list.	The NGO is obtaining consent from the donor before using their details for the stated purpose.	entailment	ngo-donor
POPIA consent	A Discovery Health member called our call centre and asked to withdraw her consent for us to share her claim history with third-party wellness partners; we stopped the sharing the same day.	The responsible party honoured the data subject's right to withdraw consent.	entailment	medical-scheme
POPIA consent	We keep signed consent forms from every research participant in a secure cabinet so that we can produce them if the Regulator asks.	The responsible party can discharge the burden of proving consent was obtained.	entailment	clinical-research
POPIA consent	Our fintech app onboards users by forcing them to accept a 40-page T&Cs bundle that mixes marketing, profiling and credit-scoring consents into a single 'I agree' button.	The responsible party has obtained specific, informed consent for each processing purpose.	contradiction	sa-fintech
POPIA consent	We send monthly statements to clients because the Banks Act requires it, and we do not ask them to consent to the statements.	The bank is relying on data subject consent as the justification for sending statements.	contradiction	sa-banking
POPIA consent	The clinic logs basic triage data for every walk-in patient, and the receptionist usually mentions that the record will be kept.	The clinic has obtained unambiguous, documented consent from every patient.	neutral	clinic-consent
POPIA consent	Our Gauteng branch captures ID numbers at the door for visitor log purposes.	Visitors have been given a privacy notice and asked to consent to the capture.	neutral	office-visitor-log
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	To open a Pick n Pay Smart Shopper loyalty card, the till attendant captures the customer's full name, cellphone number, ID number, home address, monthly income, marital status and employer name.	The data collected is adequate, relevant and not excessive for the stated loyalty-card purpose.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	We collect the learner's name, grade and parent's contact number when enrolling for after-school tutoring — nothing more.	The collection is limited to what is needed for the tutoring enrolment purpose.	entailment	tutoring-enrolment
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Woolworths keeps every online shopper's browsing history indefinitely in case it becomes useful for a future product category we haven't launched yet.	The retention is limited to the originally specified, lawful purpose.	contradiction	retail-analytics
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	The SARS eFiling portal asks for ID number, tax reference and banking details when you submit a refund claim.	The data collected maps directly to the specific, lawful purpose of processing the tax refund.	entailment	sars-efiling
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our HR system retains CVs of unsuccessful candidates for twelve months and then deletes them, which is the period stated in our recruitment privacy notice.	Personal information is retained only as long as needed for the specified purpose.	entailment	hr-recruitment
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	The eHome Affairs portal requires passport applicants to upload a recent photograph, fingerprints, and their ID number.	Home Affairs is collecting excessive information for the passport application purpose.	contradiction	ehome-affairs
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our loyalty programme was originally built to send birthday vouchers; last quarter we started running credit-risk profiling against the same customer list without updating the notice.	Processing is confined to the purpose originally specified to the data subject.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	We store the fleet drivers' telematics data.	The telematics data is limited to what is needed for the declared fleet-safety purpose.	neutral	logistics-telematics
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	The startup's contact form asks prospects for their name, email and the problem they're trying to solve.	The information captured is relevant to the stated sales-enquiry purpose.	neutral	startup-leadgen
POPIA security safeguards	All customer records in our Postgres database are encrypted at rest with AES-256, accessed only over TLS 1.3, and every access is logged and reviewed weekly by the security team.	The responsible party has appropriate technical safeguards against unauthorised access.	entailment	saas-security
POPIA security safeguards	Patient files at our Durban practice are left on the open reception counter overnight because the door lock has been broken for six weeks.	The practice is maintaining appropriate organisational safeguards for patient data.	contradiction	clinic-security
POPIA security safeguards	Our call-centre agents all share a single Windows login with the password 'Welcome2024' written on a sticky note under the keyboard.	The responsible party has taken reasonable measures to prevent unauthorised access.	contradiction	call-centre
POPIA security safeguards	We run quarterly penetration tests against our banking API, patch any criticals within 7 days, and rotate production secrets every 90 days.	The responsible party is continually updating its safeguards in line with industry practice.	entailment	sa-banking
POPIA security safeguards	Our insurance portal still runs on an unpatched 2015 version of OpenSSL and we have ignored the vendor's end-of-life notice for the last three years.	Security measures have been verified and kept in line with generally accepted information security practices.	contradiction	sa-insurance
POPIA security safeguards	Access to the donor CRM is role-based, MFA-enforced and reviewed each quarter by our compliance officer.	Technical and organisational measures are in place to restrict unauthorised access.	entailment	ngo-donor
POPIA security safeguards	The hospital records department has a risk register, an annual third-party audit, and a documented incident-response playbook that is tested twice a year.	The responsible party has identified risks, established safeguards and verified their effectiveness.	entailment	hospital-records
POPIA security safeguards	Our e-commerce store uses a third-party payments processor.	Appropriate, reasonable technical safeguards are in place for payment data.	neutral	ecommerce
POPIA security safeguards	The KZN municipality portal is protected behind a firewall.	The municipality has taken appropriate measures as required under §19.	neutral	government-portal
POPIA breach notification	Our security team discovered the database leak on 3 March and notified the Information Regulator and affected customers in writing on 5 March.	The responsible party notified the Regulator and data subjects as soon as reasonably possible after discovery.	entailment	bank-breach
POPIA breach notification	We detected unauthorised access to 40 000 customer accounts in January and only told affected users in July once the story broke in the press.	The notification to data subjects was made as soon as reasonably possible after discovery.	contradiction	retail-breach
POPIA breach notification	After confirming the ransomware incident we sent an email to each affected member, placed a notice on our homepage, and filed the Regulator's prescribed form the next working day.	The responsible party notified both the Regulator and the affected data subjects in an acceptable written form.	entailment	medical-scheme
POPIA breach notification	The fintech startup suffered a credential-stuffing attack that exposed 12 000 accounts; leadership decided not to tell customers because it 'would be bad for the brand'.	The responsible party complied with the duty to notify affected data subjects.	contradiction	sa-fintech
POPIA breach notification	Once the SAPS confirmed in writing that public disclosure would impede their active investigation, we delayed notifying subscribers until the hold was lifted two weeks later.	A delay in notification may be justified where a public body has determined it would impede a criminal investigation.	entailment	telco-breach
POPIA breach notification	We noticed suspicious database queries and are still investigating whether any data was actually accessed.	The responsible party is obliged to notify the Regulator right now under section 22.	neutral	sme-incident
POPIA breach notification	The NGO realised six months after the fact that an old volunteer had kept a copy of the donor spreadsheet on his personal laptop, and nobody has been told.	The NGO has met its breach-notification obligations under POPIA.	contradiction	ngo-donor
POPIA breach notification	Our SOC flagged a phishing email that targeted 20 employees.	Personal information of data subjects has been accessed by an unauthorised person, triggering a section 22 notification.	neutral	corporate-phishing
POPIA cross-border transfers	All South African customer data is stored exclusively in AWS eu-central-1 and replicated to us-east-1 for disaster recovery.	Personal information is transferred outside South Africa.	entailment	cross-border-saas
POPIA cross-border transfers	Our production workloads run in AWS af-south-1 (Cape Town) and our backups go to Teraco in Isando — no data ever leaves South Africa.	Personal information is transferred outside South Africa.	contradiction	onshore-hosting
POPIA cross-border transfers	The HR platform pushes a nightly employee export from Johannesburg to our parent company's Mumbai office in ap-south-1 without any data-transfer agreement in place.	The cross-border transfer satisfies at least one of the §72 lawful bases.	contradiction	multinational-hr
POPIA cross-border transfers	Before sending client records to our London-based law firm we executed binding standard contractual clauses that replicate POPIA's protections and include onward-transfer restrictions.	The transfer is supported by a binding agreement providing adequate protection substantially similar to POPIA.	entailment	legal-outsourcing
POPIA cross-border transfers	Our client booked a hotel in Zanzibar through our travel app, and we sent her passport details to the Zanzibar hotel to complete the reservation she requested.	The cross-border transfer is necessary for performance of a contract between the data subject and the responsible party.	entailment	travel-booking
POPIA cross-border transfers	Our SaaS is hosted entirely in Azure South Africa North (Johannesburg) with a warm standby in Azure South Africa West (Cape Town).	The responsible party is making a cross-border transfer of personal information.	contradiction	onshore-hosting
POPIA cross-border transfers	Our analytics provider is a well-known multinational.	Personal information leaves South Africa as part of the analytics pipeline.	neutral	analytics-vendor
POPIA cross-border transfers	The retailer uses Shopify for its online storefront.	Customer personal information is transferred outside South Africa.	neutral	retail-ecommerce
POPIA general processing	Our bank scrapes social-media photos of loan applicants without telling them and uses the images to flag 'lifestyle risk' before approving credit.	The responsible party is processing personal information lawfully and in a manner that does not infringe the data subject's privacy.	contradiction	sa-banking
POPIA general processing	We appointed an Information Officer, published a PAIA/POPIA manual, and run annual staff training on the eight conditions for lawful processing.	The responsible party has taken accountability steps to comply with the conditions for lawful processing.	entailment	enterprise-compliance
POPIA general processing	The telco sells call-record metadata to an ad-broker without any notice to subscribers and without any of the §11 lawful bases.	Processing is lawful and reasonable under §9.	contradiction	telco-monetisation
POPIA general processing	Our processing register lists every purpose, the lawful basis, the retention period, and the safeguards — and it is reviewed by the Information Officer each quarter.	The responsible party is documenting compliance with the eight conditions for lawful processing.	entailment	enterprise-compliance
POPIA general processing	Our Cape Town clinic posts patient appointment lists, including full names and reasons for the visit, on the public waiting-room noticeboard each morning.	The processing is reasonable and does not infringe on patient privacy.	contradiction	clinic-consent
POPIA general processing	Before launching the new credit-scoring feature, our team completed a documented privacy impact assessment covering each of the eight POPIA conditions.	The responsible party is addressing compliance with the conditions for lawful processing in the design of the processing.	entailment	sa-fintech
POPIA general processing	The municipality publishes ratepayer arrears — name, ID number and amount owing — on its public website so that 'the community can hold defaulters accountable'.	The processing is lawful and reasonable under §9.	contradiction	government-portal
POPIA general processing	Our startup handles customer information carefully.	The responsible party is complying with all eight conditions for lawful processing.	neutral	startup-generic
POPIA general processing	Our HR team processes employee leave balances in Sage.	The processing is being carried out lawfully and reasonably under §9.	neutral	sme-payroll
POPIA data subject rights	When a customer emails our Information Officer asking what we hold on them, we send a free written confirmation plus a description of the data and a list of the third parties who have accessed it, within 21 days.	The responsible party is honouring the data subject's access right under §23.	entailment	saas-dsar
POPIA data subject rights	A former employee asked us to correct his middle name on his historical payslips; we refused and told him 'our system is final'.	The responsible party is honouring the data subject's right to request correction under §24.	contradiction	hr-recruitment
POPIA data subject rights	A Woolworths customer asked for his phone number to be deleted from the marketing list; we removed it, confirmed the action in writing, and informed the third-party SMS vendor who was still holding a copy.	The responsible party has taken the §24 steps, including notifying third parties of the change.	entailment	retail-loyalty
POPIA data subject rights	When donors ask what information we hold on them, we charge a R3 500 'administrative handling fee' per request regardless of complexity.	The access-request fee complies with the 'prescribed fee, if any' limit in §23.	contradiction	ngo-donor
POPIA data subject rights	A medical-scheme member asked us to delete an outdated chronic-condition entry that had been recorded in error; we corrected the record within the month and wrote to confirm the action.	The responsible party has honoured the §24 right to correction of inaccurate information.	entailment	medical-scheme
POPIA data subject rights	We reject every subject-access request by default unless the requester can produce a court order.	The responsible party is complying with the §23 access right.	contradiction	enterprise-compliance
POPIA data subject rights	Our insurance app has a 'My Data' dashboard where policyholders can download their personal information.	The responsible party has discharged all of its §23 and §24 obligations.	neutral	sa-insurance
POPIA data subject rights	The clinic keeps a paper request log at reception.	Data subjects can exercise their access, correction and deletion rights under POPIA.	neutral	clinic-consent
POPIA consent	Our online checkout has a 'Yes, send me deals' box that is already checked when the customer lands on the page, so inaction counts as agreement.	The responsible party is relying on valid, freely-given consent for marketing.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA consent	The default setting on our mobile-app signup wizard is 'opt me in to all communications'; users have to dig into settings after the fact to turn anything off.	The responsible party is relying on valid, freely-given consent for marketing.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA consent	Salaries and PAYE are processed each month for our permanent staff purely on the basis of the signed employment contract — we have never asked them to sign a separate POPIA consent.	Processing requires the data subject's explicit consent to be lawful.	contradiction	sme-payroll
POPIA consent	Our outsourced payroll bureau handles employee remuneration records under the terms of our service agreement and the Basic Conditions of Employment Act, without collecting an individual consent form from each worker.	Processing requires the data subject's explicit consent to be lawful.	contradiction	sme-payroll
POPIA consent	New donors to Gift of the Givers are handed a one-page notice describing exactly how we will use their contact details, and we only capture them into our CRM once they have signed at the bottom.	The NGO is obtaining consent from the donor before using their details for the stated purpose.	entailment	ngo-donor
POPIA consent	Before adding any first-time supporter to our fundraising mailing list, our intake volunteer walks them through our privacy leaflet and asks them to countersign the acknowledgement slip.	The NGO is obtaining consent from the donor before using their details for the stated purpose.	entailment	ngo-donor
POPIA consent	A Momentum Health member phoned our service desk to revoke her previous consent to share her chronic-medication history with affiliated pharmacy partners, and the sharing was disabled in our systems within four hours.	The responsible party honoured the data subject's right to withdraw consent.	entailment	medical-scheme
POPIA consent	When our Bonitas member emailed us asking that we stop forwarding her claims data to the third-party wellness vendor, our ops team disabled the integration for her membership number before end of day.	The responsible party honoured the data subject's right to withdraw consent.	entailment	medical-scheme
POPIA consent	Every participant's signed information-and-consent document is filed in a locked cabinet in the principal investigator's office, and the index is kept so we can retrieve any individual's form on demand.	The responsible party can discharge the burden of proving consent was obtained.	entailment	clinical-research
POPIA consent	Our clinical trial unit maintains an audit-ready archive of the written consent forms of every enrolled volunteer, cross-referenced to their subject ID, and held for the statutory retention period.	The responsible party can discharge the burden of proving consent was obtained.	entailment	clinical-research
POPIA consent	When users open an account, they must tap 'Agree' on a single bundled legal pack that silently authorises credit-bureau checks, lifestyle profiling and affiliate marketing all at once.	The responsible party has obtained specific, informed consent for each processing purpose.	contradiction	sa-fintech
POPIA consent	Our mobile wallet onboarding flow collapses every permission — biometrics, third-party data sharing, push marketing — under one blanket 'I accept the Terms' button with no separate toggles.	The responsible party has obtained specific, informed consent for each processing purpose.	contradiction	sa-fintech
POPIA consent	Our retail branches mail printed account statements every month because the National Credit Act obliges us to, and consent from the account holder is not sought for this.	The bank is relying on data subject consent as the justification for sending statements.	contradiction	sa-banking
POPIA consent	Customer transaction summaries are issued each billing cycle in accordance with our obligations under the Banks Act and FICA, and we have never treated those communications as consent-based.	The bank is relying on data subject consent as the justification for sending statements.	contradiction	sa-banking
POPIA consent	The front-desk staff jot down basic symptoms for anyone who walks into the day clinic, and sometimes tell patients that their details will be recorded.	The clinic has obtained unambiguous, documented consent from every patient.	neutral	clinic-consent
POPIA consent	Our Soweto community clinic records basic vitals for each walk-in on a paper card; when it's busy, staff sometimes skip explaining what the card will be used for.	The clinic has obtained unambiguous, documented consent from every patient.	neutral	clinic-consent
POPIA consent	The security guard at our Sandton office logs the ID number of each visitor in a bound book as they enter the building.	Visitors have been given a privacy notice and asked to consent to the capture.	neutral	office-visitor-log
POPIA consent	At our Centurion campus reception, every arriving contractor is required to write their ID number and vehicle registration into a paper visitor ledger.	Visitors have been given a privacy notice and asked to consent to the capture.	neutral	office-visitor-log
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	To issue a Checkers Xtra Savings card, the cashier must capture the shopper's full name, ID number, cellphone, residential address, employer, gross salary, and marital status into our loyalty system.	The data collected is adequate, relevant and not excessive for the stated loyalty-card purpose.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our Clicks ClubCard application screen forces the customer to fill in income band, home-owner status, dependants and highest qualification before it will save the basic contact details.	The data collected is adequate, relevant and not excessive for the stated loyalty-card purpose.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Tutors for our after-school maths programme are only given the pupil's first name, school grade and the caregiver's mobile — no additional information is captured at sign-up.	The collection is limited to what is needed for the tutoring enrolment purpose.	entailment	tutoring-enrolment
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our Khan Academy-style enrolment form asks for the learner's name, the grade they're in, and a guardian phone number, and that's the entire data intake.	The collection is limited to what is needed for the tutoring enrolment purpose.	entailment	tutoring-enrolment
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Every product page visit, search term and hover on Makro.co.za is retained in raw form forever on the off-chance we want to run a behavioural analysis years later.	The retention is limited to the originally specified, lawful purpose.	contradiction	retail-analytics
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our data warehouse holds every click-stream event customers have generated since 2017 because leadership 'never wants to throw data away' in case it becomes valuable.	The retention is limited to the originally specified, lawful purpose.	contradiction	retail-analytics
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	To lodge an income-tax return, the SARS eFiling interface requires the taxpayer's ID, tax reference number, IRP5 and bank account for any refund payout.	The data collected maps directly to the specific, lawful purpose of processing the tax refund.	entailment	sars-efiling
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	When processing a VAT refund, SARS asks the vendor for the invoice, VAT number, banking details for deposit and director identity — each field required for the statutory refund process.	The data collected maps directly to the specific, lawful purpose of processing the tax refund.	entailment	sars-efiling
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Unsuccessful candidate CVs held in our Workday ATS are purged automatically twelve months after the role closes, as disclosed in our careers-page privacy notice.	Personal information is retained only as long as needed for the specified purpose.	entailment	hr-recruitment
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Applicant records in our Greenhouse system are auto-expired 365 days after the requisition is closed, consistent with the retention clause we publish to candidates.	Personal information is retained only as long as needed for the specified purpose.	entailment	hr-recruitment
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	To receive a smart ID card, the DHA requires a digital photo, ten-finger biometrics, and the applicant's existing ID number.	Home Affairs is collecting excessive information for the passport application purpose.	contradiction	ehome-affairs
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	An eVisa applicant to South Africa must upload a passport biopage, current photograph, biometric fingerprints and travel-itinerary details.	Home Affairs is collecting excessive information for the passport application purpose.	contradiction	ehome-affairs
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	What started as a birthday-discount mailer now feeds into a machine-learning model that scores customers for short-term loan offers, and no new notice was sent to members.	Processing is confined to the purpose originally specified to the data subject.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	The loyalty data originally gathered for in-store promotions is now being piped quietly into our sister insurance business for underwriting risk scoring.	Processing is confined to the purpose originally specified to the data subject.	contradiction	retail-loyalty
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	We record Geotab telematics data for our logistics vehicles.	The telematics data is limited to what is needed for the declared fleet-safety purpose.	neutral	logistics-telematics
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our trucks stream Cartrack location, speed and harsh-braking events back to a central dashboard.	The telematics data is limited to what is needed for the declared fleet-safety purpose.	neutral	logistics-telematics
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Leads who fill in the 'Talk to Sales' form on our site provide their name, a work email and a short free-text description of the pain they're facing.	The information captured is relevant to the stated sales-enquiry purpose.	neutral	startup-leadgen
POPIA minimality / purpose limitation	Our inbound enquiry web form asks for first name, business email and a single-line question about the use case of interest.	The information captured is relevant to the stated sales-enquiry purpose.	neutral	startup-leadgen
POPIA security safeguards	Our production databases live in a VPC with no public endpoints, are encrypted with AWS KMS keys, and every SELECT is streamed to a SIEM that the security team triages each Monday.	The responsible party has appropriate technical safeguards against unauthorised access.	entailment	saas-security
POPIA security safeguards	All customer data is held in Cloud SQL with CMEK encryption, accessed only through an IAP tunnel, and every query is captured in Cloud Audit Logs reviewed weekly by InfoSec.	The responsible party has appropriate technical safeguards against unauthorised access.	entailment	saas-security
POPIA security safeguards	Patient charts at our Pietermaritzburg rooms sit on the open front desk each evening because the cashbox was nicked two months ago and the key cabinet has not been replaced.	The practice is maintaining appropriate organisational safeguards for patient data.	contradiction	clinic-security
POPIA security safeguards	Our Polokwane GP's consulting rooms leave the paper patient files on the reception desk overnight because the waiting-area door has been jammed open for over a month.	The practice is maintaining appropriate organisational safeguards for patient data.	contradiction	clinic-security

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

POPIA Compliance NLI

Hand-authored Natural Language Inference pairs for South Africa's Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA). Each example is a (premise, hypothesis, label) triple covering one of 7 canonical POPIA clauses. Designed for fine-tuning small cross-encoder NLI models into deterministic, local, auditable compliance judges — the alternative to prompting an LLM-as-judge over personal information.

Used to fine-tune labrat-aiko/nli-popia-v1, which reaches macro F1 0.813 on the pinned test split (vs 0.517 for the stock cross-encoder/nli-MiniLM2-L6-H768 base).

Splits

Split	Size	Source	Purpose
`train`	180	60 hand-authored seeds + 120 paraphrases	Fine-tuning
`validation`	120	Subset of train paraphrases (10% holdout)	Early-stopping dev set
`test`	150	Hand-authored separately from train	Release-gate holdout (hash-pinned)

SHA-256 of popia_eval.jsonl: 120e14a55bb653f4e7ce49e10c3618aaef21a064b63ca831def92aa244935461

Clauses covered (all splits)

POPIA consent — explicit, informed, opt-in consent per purpose
POPIA minimality — collect only what's necessary for the stated purpose
POPIA security safeguards — reasonable technical/organisational measures
POPIA breach notification — notify the Information Regulator and data subjects without delay
POPIA cross-border transfers — transfer only where lawful conditions are met
POPIA general processing — lawful, fair, transparent processing tied to a legitimate purpose
POPIA data subject rights — access, correction, deletion, objection

Each clause has train examples with entailment, contradiction, and neutral labels in roughly balanced proportions (see label counts below).

Label distribution (test)

Label	Count
entailment	49
neutral	52
contradiction	49

Schema

Every row is a JSON object with:

{
  "clause": "POPIA consent",
  "premise": "Our signup flow presents a pre-ticked marketing opt-in checkbox...",
  "hypothesis": "The responsible party is relying on valid, freely-given consent for marketing.",
  "label": "contradiction",
  "scenario": "retail-loyalty"
}

clause: canonical clause name (one of 7)
premise: an LLM-shaped text — e.g. a customer-support reply, signup flow description, KYC confirmation, breach email. Distinct from raw statutes.
hypothesis: a plain-English restatement of what the clause requires, in progressive tense (NLI cross-encoders score progressive tense more reliably than imperatives — see model card).
label: one of entailment, contradiction, neutral — matches base-model config.id2label ordering {0: contradiction, 1: entailment, 2: neutral}.
scenario: short tag describing the domain the example is drawn from (e.g. retail-loyalty, news-fintech-onboarding, healthcare-breach).

Methodology — why hand-authored?

Scraped legal text is the wrong distribution. POPIA compliance in practice is judged on LLM-shaped text — support replies, KYC confirmations, breach emails — not on statutes. The model has to generalise from how-people-actually-talk-about-personal-data, not how-the-Act-is-worded.

Synthetic generation would poison the eval. If GPT-4 writes the training data and GPT-4 writes the outputs being validated in production, you measure GPT-4's self-consistency, not POPIA compliance.

180 pairs is enough for cross-encoder fine-tuning over 7 clauses. The base model already speaks English; you're teaching it a narrow decision boundary, not a new language.

Intended use

Fine-tune a cross-encoder NLI model for local, deterministic POPIA validation (see training recipe in the semantix-ai repo).
Benchmark existing NLI / LLM-as-judge systems on POPIA-shaped compliance tasks.
Build domain-specific extensions — your KYC flow, your dialect, your adversarial inputs — on top of these seeds.

Limitations

One author, one weekend. 180 training pairs is sufficient to move a cross-encoder meaningfully but is not a substitute for a corpus built from real customer production data.
English only. No Afrikaans, isiZulu, Sesotho, or other SA official languages — an obvious gap and a priority for v2.
Test set is hand-authored by the same author as train. There may be stylistic correlation even across separate authoring sessions. External validation welcome.
Not a substitute for a DPIA, a POPIA specialist, or the Information Regulator's guidance. This is a validation primitive, not a compliance replacement.

Citation

@misc{popia-compliance-nli-2026,
  author       = {Eland, Akhona},
  title        = {POPIA Compliance NLI: Hand-authored NLI pairs for POPIA-specific validation},
  year         = 2026,
  publisher    = {Hugging Face},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/labrat-aiko/popia-compliance-nli}},
  note         = {Apache 2.0}
}

License

Apache 2.0. Commercial and derivative use is explicitly permitted. If you publish a fine-tuned sibling (e.g. GDPR, HIPAA), a link back is appreciated but not required.