messages listlengths 2 2 | num_tokens int64 200 3k | category stringclasses 1
value | reasoning stringclasses 1
value | generator stringclasses 3
values | license stringclasses 2
values | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[
{
"content": "A solar panel is designed to convert sunlight into electrical energy. If the intensity of sunlight is 1000 W/m² and the panel has an efficiency of 20%, what is the power output of a 2 m² solar panel when it is directly facing the sun?\n\nA: 100 W\nB: 200 W\nC: 300 W\nD: 400 W\nE: 500 W\nF: 600 W\n... | 472 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A thin, uniform rod of length \\( L \\) and mass \\( M \\) is rotating about an axis perpendicular to the rod and passing through one of its ends. The moment of inertia of the rod about this axis is \\( \\frac{1}{3}ML^2 \\). A point mass \\( m \\) is attached to the rod at a distance \\( \\frac{L}... | 1,061 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In a forest ecosystem, two bird species, X and Y, both feed on insects but occupy different layers of the forest. Species X primarily forages in the canopy, while species Y forages on the forest floor. Which of the following best explains how these two species can coexist in the same habitat witho... | 750 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In the context of binary pulsars and gravitational wave detection, which of the following statements is true regarding the behavior of binary pulsar systems?\nA: The orbital period of a binary pulsar system increases over time due to the emission of gravitational waves.\nB: The observed decrease i... | 722 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-32B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following best describes the role of probiotics in maintaining a healthy gut microbiome and their impact on host health?\n\nA: Probiotics primarily function to suppress the immune system, reducing inflammation and autoimmune responses.\nB: Probiotics can help restore the balance of gu... | 1,017 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following organisms is known for its bioluminescent properties and is commonly used in scientific research to study circadian rhythms due to its glowing characteristics?\nA: Escherichia coli\nB: Drosophila melanogaster\nC: Caenorhabditis elegans\nD: Aequorea victoria\nE: Arabidopsis t... | 1,646 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In an electro-optic modulator, the refractive index \\( n \\) of the material changes with the applied electric field \\( E \\) according to the Pockels effect. Given a material with a second-order electro-optic tensor \\( r_{ij} \\), which of the following statements is true regarding the induced... | 909 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-32B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following events is considered a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement that led to significant federal intervention and the passage of major legislation?\n\nA: The Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956\nB: The Greensboro sit-ins in 1960\nC: The Birmingham Campaign in 1963\nD: The ... | 1,798 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following processes is primarily responsible for the degradation of target mRNAs in the context of RNA interference (RNAi)?\n\nA: The binding of siRNAs to the 5' cap of the target mRNA.\nB: The cleavage of target mRNAs by the RISC complex guided by siRNAs.\nC: The methylation of targe... | 1,022 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following ancient Egyptian artifacts, discovered in the tomb of Tutankhamun, is renowned for its intricate gold work and detailed carvings, and is believed to have served a significant religious or ceremonial purpose, providing insights into the funerary practices and beliefs of the N... | 1,092 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "What is the conversion factor from Joules to grams centimeters squared per second squared (g·cm²/s²)?A: 10^5\nB: 10^9\nC: 10^3\nD: 10^7",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "<|start_think|>\nOkay, so I need to find the conversion factor from Joules to grams centimeters squared per second s... | 670 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following is a primary goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives?\nA: To maximize shareholder profits\nB: To enhance community well-being and environmental sustainability\nC: To reduce operational costs\nD: To increase the company's market share\nE: To centralize manag... | 694 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Why is the voltage the same across all resistors in a parallel circuit?A: different current flow\nB: individual power consumption\nC: same voltage source\nD: varying resistance values",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "<|start_think|>\nOkay, let's try to figure out why the voltage is th... | 851 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) experiment, the efficiency of energy transfer between a donor and an acceptor molecule is given by the equation \\( E = \\frac{1}{1 + (R/R_0)^6} \\), where \\( E \\) is the efficiency, \\( R \\) is the distance between the donor and acceptor, and ... | 1,432 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following molecules is known to be a key precursor in the formation of amino acids and has been detected in cometary ices and meteorites, providing insights into the early chemical conditions of the solar system?\n\nA: Methanol (CH₃OH)\nB: Acetylene (C₂H₂)\nC: Formic Acid (HCOOH)\nD: ... | 1,308 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A manufacturing company is planning to expand its operations into a new market. To ensure success, the company must consider various factors, including market demand, regulatory compliance, and supply chain resilience. Which of the following steps would be most effective in ensuring a successful m... | 742 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A container of volume \\( V \\) contains a diatomic ideal gas at temperature \\( T \\) and pressure \\( P \\). The gas is composed of \\( N \\) identical molecules, each with mass \\( m \\). The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is given by \\( \\frac{5}{2} k_B T \\), where \\( k_B \\) i... | 1,437 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A bar magnet is placed in a uniform external magnetic field such that the magnet's north pole aligns with the direction of the external field. If the magnet is then rotated by 180 degrees, what happens to the potential energy of the magnet in the external field?\nA: It increases\nB: It decreases\n... | 804 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A paramagnetic material is placed in a uniform external magnetic field \\( \\mathbf{B}_0 \\). The material has a magnetic susceptibility \\( \\chi \\) and a magnetization \\( \\mathbf{M} \\). If the temperature of the material is increased, which of the following statements is true regarding the m... | 831 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In a forest ecosystem, species X is a tree, species Y is a herbivorous insect that feeds on the leaves of X, and species Z is a bird that preys on Y. Which of the following interactions would most likely result in a balanced and stable ecosystem over time?\n\nA: Species Z preys heavily on Y, causi... | 1,263 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In a global company that operates in diverse markets, which of the following practices is most effective in ensuring that local marketing campaigns are culturally sensitive and resonant with the target audience?\nA: Using the same marketing message and visuals across all regions\nB: Allowing local... | 761 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following signaling pathways is primarily involved in the patterning of the anterior-posterior axis during early embryonic development?\nA: Wnt/β-catenin pathway\nB: Hedgehog signaling pathway\nC: Notch signaling pathway\nD: TGF-β signaling pathway\nE: FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor) s... | 1,376 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A telescope has an objective lens with a diameter of 150 mm and a focal length of 1200 mm. If the eyepiece has a focal length of 30 mm, what is the magnification of the telescope?\nA: 20\nB: 30\nC: 40\nD: 50\nE: 60\nF: 70\nG: 80\nH: 90\nI: 100\nJ: 120",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "... | 356 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A point charge \\( q \\) is placed at the origin in a vacuum. A uniform magnetic field \\( \\mathbf{B}_0 \\) is applied in the \\( +z \\)-direction. A charged particle with charge \\( q \\) and mass \\( m \\) is moving in the \\( +x \\)-direction with a velocity \\( v \\). What is the magnitude of... | 896 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a system that exhibits bifurcation in dynamical systems?\nA: The system has a single equilibrium point\nB: The system is always linear\nC: The system shows a sudden qualitative change in behavior as a parameter is varied\nD: The system is non-d... | 1,272 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Which of the following strategies is commonly used to reduce off-target effects in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing?\nA: Using a higher concentration of Cas9 enzyme\nB: Increasing the length of the guide RNA\nC: Employing high-fidelity Cas9 variants\nD: Reducing the incubation time of the CRISPR-Cas9 co... | 1,679 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "For similarly shaped spherical icebergs of different sizes, does the percentage of the iceberg visible above water change?A: constant\nB: increases with size\nC: varies unpredictably\nD: decreases with size",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "<|start_think|>\nOkay, so the question is abo... | 2,393 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Does the cosmological redshift serve as a test for general relativity?A: It was only predicted by Newtonian mechanics\nB: Yes\nC: It disproves General Relativity\nD: No, it only confirms the expansion of the universe",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "<|start_think|>\nOkay, let's see. T... | 1,890 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "What is the potential energy stored in an ideal spring compressed by distances \\(x_1\\) and \\(x_2\\) from both sides?A: \\(\\frac{1}{2} k x_1^2 + \\frac{1}{2} k x_2^2\\)\nB: \\(\\frac{1}{2} k (x_1 - x_2)^2\\)\nC: \\(\\frac{1}{2} k (x_1 x_2)\\)\nD: \\(\\frac{1}{2} k (x_1 + x_2)^2\\)",
"role":... | 2,351 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A camera lens with a focal length of 50 mm is used to take a picture of an object that is 2 meters away. Another camera lens with a focal length of 100 mm is used to take a picture of the same object from the same distance. Which of the following statements is true regarding the image size and dep... | 820 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In the context of gravitational lensing, consider a scenario where a distant quasar is lensed by a galaxy, creating multiple images. The time delay between the images due to the varying light paths can be used to measure the Hubble constant \\( H_0 \\). Given the complex interplay between the mass... | 1,748 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-32B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "At absolute zero, which electrons form Cooper pairs?A: electrons in the valence shell\nB: all electrons in the material\nC: electrons near the Fermi surface\nD: electrons at the core of the atom",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "<|start_think|>\nOkay, so I need to figure out which elec... | 744 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In the context of international relations, consider a country that has recently joined a major global trade agreement, leading to the reduction of trade barriers and increased economic cooperation. Which of the following is a likely short-term effect of this country joining the agreement?\n\nA: A ... | 2,318 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "In the synthesis of a metal-organic framework (MOF) using a ligand with multiple binding sites, which of the following factors is **not** critical for achieving high crystallinity and uniform pore size?\nA: The choice of metal ion or cluster\nB: The concentration and ratio of metal ions to ligands... | 774 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-32B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "A company is planning to implement a new performance management system to improve employee engagement and productivity. Which of the following strategies is most likely to ensure the success and sustainability of the new system?\n\nA: Implementing the system without informing or involving employee... | 970 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1, Qwen-2.5-72B-Instruct | cc-by-4.0 | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
[
{
"content": "Can ferric nitrate be extracted from iron ore slime using nitric acid?A: No, because iron ore slime does not contain iron(III) oxide.\nB: No, because nitric acid does not react with iron oxides.\nC: Yes\nD: Only with concentrated sulfuric acid.",
"role": "user"
},
{
"content": "<|start... | 1,385 | science | on | DeepSeek-R1 | cc-by-sa | nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset:SFT/science/science.jsonl |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
Llama-Nemotron science reasoning — Delphi cold-start CoT warmup (canonical think tokens)
Regenerated (Fix C) variant of laion/llama-nemotron-science-reasoning-on-le3000tok-100k.
The original repo's assistant turns carry inline <think>...</think>. LLaMA-Factory's
ReasoningTemplate.encode_oneturn checks for the literal canonical string <|start_think|>
in the assistant content; inline <think> does NOT satisfy that check, so LF injects an EMPTY
canonical block (<|start_think|><|end_think|>) as the loss target and leaves the real reasoning
as literal <think> text — i.e. the model is trained on a malformed think target
(empty-think-then-open-reasoning), and in-channel reasoning never actually trains.
This variant converts every assistant message's inline <think>...</think> into the canonical
<|start_think|>\n...\n<|end_think|>\n\n + answer form, byte-for-byte mirroring the
reasoning extraction in chat_templates/delphi_v0.jinja2. With this data, encode_oneturn's
canonical-string check PASSES → no empty block is injected → the reasoning trains as real targets.
- Rows with no
</think>are left unchanged (pure answer; LF handles them). - All other fields (
num_tokens,category,reasoning,generator,license,source) and the system/user turns are preserved byte-for-byte from the source repo.
Produced by sft/delphi/canonicalize_warmup_think.py in OpenThoughts-Agent. Inherits the source
dataset's licensing/provenance (derived from nvidia/Llama-Nemotron-Post-Training-Dataset).
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