minsj1225/Material-Properties-Tables-3D-Simulation

Macro Material Properties for 3D Physics Simulation

Grade-level rho / E / nu priors with per-quantity provenance

21,160 rows — 20,315 distinct material grades across 15 macro material classes — each carrying density ρ, Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν, assembled from 56 public sources for annotating 3D assets and driving rigid-body and deformable physics simulation (Genesis, Isaac Gym, FEM, MPM).

The distinguishing feature of this table is not its size. It is that every single value states what it actually is — measured, derived, or filled — and where it is not a direct measurement, the error has been quantified against data inside the table itself, not asserted.

All fields, including the per-row citation_gap_note, are in English.

Read LIMITATIONS.md before using this for deformable simulation.

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1 · Veracity — what is actually measured

	ρ	E	ν
reported by the cited source, a handbook, or a grade standard	20,329 (96.1 %)	1,912 (9.0 %)	732 (3.5 %)
derived from this row's density	–	19,033 (89.9 %)	–
handbook softwood/hardwood group median	–	–	19,138 (90.4 %)
alloy-family / class prior / solver clamp / computed	831	215	1,290

Only 514 rows (2.4 %) have all three quantities stated directly by a source.

ρ is the only quantity measured at scale. E and ν are estimates on ~90 % of rows. This is a property of the upstream sources — the Global Wood Density Database, which supplies 85 % of the rows, publishes density only. What this table adds is that each estimate is labelled for what it is and its error is measured.

The value_provenance column states the origin of each quantity separately, e.g. rho=source;E=derived_from_rho;nu=handbook_group. The citation_gap_note column then says, for each non-source value, exactly where it came from and what its measured error is. 636 rows carry a value that the cited paper does not report at all — an alloy-family standard substituted upstream after the original was judged corrupt. Those are labelled family_standard, never source, and say so in the note.

2 · Plausibility — how it was checked

Four independent checks, none of which relies on assertion:

Internal consistency of wood (19,294 rows). Longitudinal sound speed √(E/ρ) has median 4,296 m s⁻¹, P1 4,056, P99 4,727. This is the known species-invariant value for wood, so E and ρ are mutually consistent row by row — a check that needs no external reference at all.

Isotropic elasticity closure (287 rows with a source-reported shear modulus). G = E/(2(1+ν)) holds to a median 0.24 % on the 273 rows in isotropic classes. The same identity over-predicts by 3.3–8.9× on wood and fibre laminates — which is how the anisotropy caveat in LIMITATIONS.md is quantified rather than guessed. (The few outliers inside the isotropic set are themselves anisotropic materials, e.g. foliated gneiss.)

Prior-knowledge spot check. 101 checks over 68 well-characterised timber species spanning temperate/tropical, softwood/hardwood and the full density range: ρ 96/101, E 95/101 inside published ranges.

Numerical conditions, every row. 0 rows with ν ∉ [0, 0.5), non-positive bulk or shear modulus, or out-of-range wave speed.

Two calibration steps sit behind the wood values, both with factors derived from data inside the table and both validated: the density regression is calibrated against USDA measured MOE (leave-one-out median bias +0.0 %), and all wood is expressed on a single 12 % moisture basis. LIMITATIONS.md §2–3 gives the factors and their derivation.

3 · Traceability — every value has a recorded origin

• 96.2 % of source-reported cells were round-tripped: recomputed from the original upstream data file and matched. GWDD 18,046/18,046 recomputed from 109,626 raw measurement records under the documented aggregation rule; CIRAD 1,010/1,010; SciGlass 890/890; USDA 444/444; Materials Project 342/342; StressEng 677/677.
• Every filled cell traces to an upstream fill_log entry — 40,936 cells, 0 unmatched. Where a value differs from the raw log entry it is because one of the two calibration steps in LIMITATIONS.md §2–3 applies, and the row says so. The log records the route and the reference for each fill (e.g. C_SG_REGRESSION → USDA Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-190 Ch. 5).
• Grade names: 84.0 % verified against a formal designation system — 17,597 botanical binomials resolved to accepted in World Flora Online, plus CHEMICAL_FORMULA, AA, AISI/SAE and steel grade codes. The remaining 16 % are trade or descriptive names with no standard designation. Only 2 non-grade-level rows survive in the published shards (both named [proxy]); the other 23 class-level envelopes were withheld.
• The remaining 848 source cells (3.8 %) come from ~50 small sources, mostly single open-access papers contributing 2–96 cells each, cited but not independently re-derived.

4 · Physics simulation — what you can run

Rigid body (Genesis, Isaac Gym): ρ and E are ready, friction is not in this table. ρ is measured on 96 % of rows and is what sets mass and inertia; E only enters contact stiffness, where order-of-magnitude accuracy suffices. A rigid-body material in Genesis or Isaac also needs static and dynamic friction and a restitution coefficient, and this release carries none of them — supply them from your own contact model. Restitution in particular is a contact-pair property, not a material constant, and no source here reports it.

Deformable (FEM / MPM): no row diverges, and the caveats are per-row.

tier	rows	share	meaning
F1 direct	653	3.1 %	no caveat
F2a clamp ν	38	0.2 %	ν > 0.45 would lock linear tetrahedra — use poissons_ratio_fem_safe. 48 rows carry a clamped value in total; the other 10 are wood and appear under F2b
F2b anisotropy collapsed	18,627	88.0 %	magnitude usable, deformation shape wrong: transverse stiffness too high by 3–9×
F2c ν is a proxy	1,168	5.5 %	numerically fine, directionality lost
F3 E error known large	672	3.2 %	low-density wood, E over-predicted 30–100 %
F4 blocked	2	0.01 %	an 8 kPa hydrogel and a 2.5 kPa knit sag > 20 % under self-weight at 0.2 m — real behaviour, not a data error

By class: metals, ceramics, glass, stone, plastics, foam, paper and engineered wood are F1/F2c throughout. Wood is F2b because of the isotropic collapse. Elastomers need the clamp column.

poissons_ratio_fem_safe = min(ν, 0.45) is a solver parameter, not a material property. The cost of clamping is real — K/G falls from 49.7 at ν = 0.49 to 9.7 at ν = 0.45 — so with mixed / F-bar elements or a near-incompressible constitutive model, use poissons_ratio.

Linear-elastic validity windows (beyond these, a linear model is the wrong physics regardless of parameter accuracy): wood ≈ 0.3–0.5 % strain, laminates ≈ 0.5–1 %, foams ≈ 2 %, fabrics 1–5 % (the window the moduli were fitted in), elastomers require a hyperelastic model above ~10–20 %.

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Three license shards

CC BY-SA and ODbL are both share-alike and cannot be merged into one derived dataset, so the table ships as three. The permissive shard alone covers all 15 classes.

config	rows	licence	contents
permissive (default)	19,715	CC BY 4.0	CC0 / CC BY / MIT / US-Gov public domain. All 15 classes.
share_alike	1,021	CC BY-SA 4.0	CIRAD tropical timber + Wikidata cross-checks
odbl	424	ODC-ODbL	SciGlass optical and technical glasses

33 further rows are withheld — 12 Ashby teaching-licence class envelopes, 10 internal consensus rows, 10 rows whose recorded licence string ("open research dataset") is not a licence identifier, and one manufacturer datasheet. No real material is lost, but note the side effect: those rows were the class-level fallbacks, so a part identified only as "wood" has no single row to fall back on and must be matched against 19,294 species. class_defaults.csv is provided for that case: a per-class median computed from the permissive shard itself.

Columns

column	meaning
material_class	one of 15 macro classes
material_grade	grade / species / designation — unique together with source_id
density_kg_m3	ρ, kg·m⁻³
youngs_modulus_GPa	E, GPa
poissons_ratio	ν as reported or filled
poissons_ratio_fem_safe	min(ν, 0.45) — solver parameter, not a material property
value_provenance	rho=…;E=…;nu=…, per-quantity origin
citation_gap_note	for every non-source value: real origin and measured error
source_id, source_citation, source_doi_or_url, source_license, redistribution_clearance	provenance and licensing

class_defaults.csv is a separate 15-row helper for retrieval: per macro class, the median ρ / E / ν over the permissive shard with a p10–p90 band, a row count, and a fallback_reliability flag. Use it only when a part's class is known but no grade can be matched — the band shows what falling back costs. Three classes are flagged: glass (only 3 rows are permissive, 424 are in the odbl shard), textile_woven (mixes fabric-scale and fibre-direction rows five orders of magnitude apart, so its median is meaningless) and wood_solid (the isotropic-collapse caveat applies to every row).

value_provenance vocabulary: source · handbook / handbook_group · named_standard · family_standard (cited paper does not report this quantity) · derived_from_rho · class_prior / class_prior_self · sim_clamp · computed.

Citation

Cite the sources listed in each row's source_citation. The largest contributors are:

• Fischer, F.J., Chave, J., Zanne, A.E. et al. (2026). Global Wood Density Database v.2 (GWDD v.2), v2.2, Zenodo, 10.5281/zenodo.20815517 — CC BY 4.0. Accompanying article: Fischer et al. (2026), Beyond species means — the intraspecific contribution to global wood density variation, New Phytologist, 10.1111/nph.70860. Supplies 18,046 rows. The source file was identified by checksum: the copy used here (gwdd_v2.2.csv, 73,386,310 bytes, md5 646454bd0ebcecb201fe081d0efde8fe) is byte-identical to the file of that name in Zenodo record 20815517.
• CIRAD wood density database (Vieilledent et al.), CC BY-SA 4.0 — 1,010 rows.
• USDA FPL Wood Handbook FPL-GTR-190, US Government work — 262 rows.
• StressEng (Kumar, Kabra & Cole 2024, Scientific Data 11:1273), CC BY 4.0 — 749 rows.
• SciGlass (EPAM Systems), ODC-ODbL — 424 rows.
• Materials Project (Jain et al. 2013), CC BY 4.0 — 114 rows.
• MIL-HDBK-5J (2003) and Smith (1976) J. Res. NBS 80A(1), 45–49, US Government works.