Dataset Viewer
Duplicate
The dataset viewer is not available for this split.
Cannot load the dataset split (in streaming mode) to extract the first rows.
Error code:   StreamingRowsError
Exception:    CastError
Message:      Couldn't cast
repo: string
at_ms: int64
reason: string
removed: list<item: struct<path: string, rows: int64, bytes: int64, digest: string>>
  child 0, item: struct<path: string, rows: int64, bytes: int64, digest: string>
      child 0, path: string
      child 1, rows: int64
      child 2, bytes: int64
      child 3, digest: string
rewritten: list<item: string>
  child 0, item: string
key: string
added_ms: int64
role: string
key_id: string
to
{'role': Value('string'), 'key': Value('string'), 'key_id': Value('string'), 'added_ms': Value('int64')}
because column names don't match
Traceback:    Traceback (most recent call last):
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 147, in get_rows_or_raise
                  return get_rows(
                      dataset=dataset,
                  ...<4 lines>...
                      column_names=column_names,
                  )
                File "/src/libs/libcommon/src/libcommon/utils.py", line 272, in decorator
                  return func(*args, **kwargs)
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 127, in get_rows
                  rows_plus_one = list(itertools.islice(safe_iter(ds, dataset=dataset), rows_max_number + 1))
                File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/utils.py", line 483, in safe_iter
                  yield from ds.decode(False) if ds.features else ds
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2840, in __iter__
                  for key, example in ex_iterable:
                                      ^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2373, in __iter__
                  for key, pa_table in self._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 2398, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.ex_iterable._iter_arrow():
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 536, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in iterator:
                                       ^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/iterable_dataset.py", line 419, in _iter_arrow
                  for key, pa_table in self.generate_tables_fn(**gen_kwags):
                                       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 343, in _generate_tables
                  self._cast_table(pa_table, json_field_paths=json_field_paths),
                  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/packaged_modules/json/json.py", line 132, in _cast_table
                  pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self.info.features.arrow_schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2378, in table_cast
                  return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
                File "/usr/local/lib/python3.14/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2306, in cast_table_to_schema
                  raise CastError(
                  ...<3 lines>...
                  )
              datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
              repo: string
              at_ms: int64
              reason: string
              removed: list<item: struct<path: string, rows: int64, bytes: int64, digest: string>>
                child 0, item: struct<path: string, rows: int64, bytes: int64, digest: string>
                    child 0, path: string
                    child 1, rows: int64
                    child 2, bytes: int64
                    child 3, digest: string
              rewritten: list<item: string>
                child 0, item: string
              key: string
              added_ms: int64
              role: string
              key_id: string
              to
              {'role': Value('string'), 'key': Value('string'), 'key_id': Value('string'), 'added_ms': Value('int64')}
              because column names don't match

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umi-meta

Reference data for umi, the crawler behind the open-index/* datasets. Everything here is a file that umi reads at runtime, published byte for byte as the crawler ran it, so that anyone can reproduce a umi key without reading Rust.

Why this repo exists

A crawler's published output is only reproducible if the rules that produced it are published too. A URL key in an open-index dataset is a fingerprint of a canonical URL, and the canonical form depends on which query parameters were treated as tracking noise. If that list lives only as a constant in a source tree then reproducing a key means reading Rust, and most people who want to check our work are not going to.

So the list is a file, the file is compiled into the binary with include_str!, and the same file is published here. There is no transcription step that can drift.

Contents

canon/tracking-params.txt

The parameters removed by step 10 of URL canonicalisation, specified in docs/spec/11-extraction-and-dedup.md section 11.2.

Syntax, one rule per line, # starts a comment, comparison is case insensitive:

Form Meaning
name remove this parameter whenever it appears
prefix* remove any parameter whose name starts with prefix
name? remove only when the value looks like a session token

The third form is the interesting one. sid is a session token on plenty of sites and a product id on plenty of others, and the two mistakes are not symmetric. Leaving a session parameter in costs one duplicate row, which is noisy but recoverable. Removing a content parameter merges two distinct pages into one key, and the page that loses is never crawled, silently. So anything ambiguous is judged by its value: 16 or more characters, alphanumeric plus dash and underscore throughout, and at least one digit.

Adding a line to this file changes every key derived from a URL carrying that parameter. That makes it a canonicalisation version bump and not a patch, which is why the version string canon/1 is recorded in every segment header and every published manifest.

Reproducing a umi URL key

A URL key is the first 10 bytes of the blake3 digest of the canonical URL. Eighty bits gives 0.004 expected collisions at 100 billion URLs.

import blake3  # pip install blake3

def url_key(canonical_url: str) -> str:
    return blake3.blake3(canonical_url.encode()).digest()[:10].hex()

Getting from a raw URL to the canonical form is the harder half, and the twelve steps are written out in the spec. Two of them are worth flagging because they are the opposite of what most canonicalisers do:

  • Query parameters are not sorted and repeated names are not deduplicated. Both are semantically live on real sites often enough that the breakage outweighs the dedup win.
  • Trailing slashes are left exactly as found. /a and /a/ are different keys.

Measured effect

Over 1.6 million URLs from open-index/ccrawl-urls (CC-MAIN-2026-25, sampled across ten partitions, 38099 hosts):

rewritten by canonicalisation 1.10%
query parameters removed 0.80%
path parameters removed (;jsessionid= and friends) 0.27%
collapsed onto an existing key 1.34%
rejected as not crawlable 5 of 1600000

License

Apache 2.0, same as umi.

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