id stringlengths 10 10 | text stringlengths 12 187 | codes listlengths 8 8 | n_frames int32 14 127 | k_codebooks int32 8 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
LJ002-0015 | three hundred debtors and nine hundred criminals in Newgate, or twelve hundred prisoners in all. | [
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LJ002-0016 | Previous to that date there had been seven hundred or eight hundred frequently, and once, in Mr. Akerman's time, one thousand. | [
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LJ002-0017 | Trustworthy evidence is forthcoming to the effect that these high figures were constantly maintained for many months at a time. | [
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LJ002-0018 | The inadequacy of the jail was noticed and reported upon again and again by the grand juries of the city of London, | [
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LJ002-0019 | who seldom let a session go by without visiting Newgate. | [
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LJ002-0020 | In eighteen thirteen | [
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LJ002-0021 | the grand jury made a special presentment to the Court of Common Council, pointing out that on the debtors' side, which was intended for only one hundred, | [
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LJ002-0022 | no less than three hundred forty were crowded, to the great inconvenience and danger of the inmates. | [
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LJ002-0023 | On the female side matters were much worse; | [
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LJ002-0024 | Quote. the apartments set apart for them, being built to accommodate sixty persons, now contain about one hundred twenty. End quote. | [
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LJ002-0025 | Returns laid before the House of Commons showed that six thousand, four hundred thirty-nine persons had been committed to Newgate | [
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LJ002-0026 | in the three years between eighteen thirteen and eighteen sixteen, | [
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LJ002-0027 | and this number did not include the debtors, a numerous class, who were still committed to Newgate pending the completion of the White Cross Street prison. | [
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LJ002-0028 | In order to realize the evils entailed by incarceration in Newgate in these days, it is necessary to give some account of its interior | [
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LJ002-0029 | as it was occupied and appropriated in eighteen ten. | [
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LJ002-0030 | Full details of the arrangements are to be found in Mr. Neild's "State of Prisons in England, Scotland, and Wales," published in eighteen twelve. | [
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LJ002-0031 | The jail at that date was divided into eight separate and more or less distinct departments, each of which had its own wards and yard. | [
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LJ002-0032 | These were: one. The male debtors' side. | [
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LJ002-0033 | two. The female debtors' side. three. The chapel yard. four. The middle yard. | [
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LJ002-0034 | five. The master felons' side. six. The female felons' side. seven. The state side. | [
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LJ002-0035 | eight. The press yard. | [
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LJ002-0036 | one. The male debtors' side consisted of a yard forty-nine feet by thirty-one, | [
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LJ002-0037 | leading to thirteen wards on various floors, and a day room. | [
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LJ002-0038 | Of these wards, three were appropriated to the "cabin side," so called because | [
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LJ002-0039 | they each contained four small rooms or "cabins" seven feet square, | [
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LJ002-0040 | intended to accommodate a couple of prisoners apiece, but often much more crowded. | [
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LJ002-0041 | Two other wards were appropriated to the master's side debtors; they were each twenty-three feet by fourteen and a half, | [
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LJ002-0042 | and supposed to accommodate twenty persons. The eight remaining wards were for the common side debtors, | [
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LJ002-0043 | long narrow rooms -- one thirty-six feet, six twenty-three feet, and the eighth eighteen, | [
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LJ002-0044 | the whole about fifteen feet wide. | [
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LJ002-0045 | The various wards were all about eleven feet in height, | [
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LJ002-0046 | and were occupied as a rule by ten to fifteen people when the prison was not crowded, but double the number was occasionally placed in them. | [
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LJ002-0047 | The day room was fitted with benches and settles after the manner of the tap in a public-house. | [
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LJ002-0048 | two. The female debtors' side consisted of a court-yard forty-nine by sixteen feet, | [
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LJ002-0049 | leading to two wards, one of which was thirty-six feet by fifteen, | [
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LJ002-0050 | and the other eighteen by fifteen; and they nominally held twenty-two persons. | [
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LJ002-0051 | A high wall fifteen feet in height divided the females' court-yard from the men's. | [
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LJ002-0052 | three. The chapel yard was about forty-three feet by twenty-five. | [
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LJ002-0053 | It had been for some time devoted principally to felons of the worst types, | [
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LJ002-0054 | those who were the oldest offenders, sentenced to transportation, and who had narrowly escaped the penalty of death. | [
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LJ002-0055 | This arrangement was, however, modified after eighteen eleven, and the chapel yard was allotted to misdemeanants and prisoners awaiting trial. | [
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LJ002-0056 | The wards in this part were five in number, all in dimensions twenty feet by fifteen, with a sixth ward fifteen feet square. | [
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LJ002-0057 | These wards were all fitted with barrack-beds, but no bedding was supplied. | [
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643,
2033,
1602,
6... | 65 | 8 |
LJ002-0058 | The chapel yard led to the chapel, and on the staircase were two rooms frequently set apart for the king's witnesses, | [
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LJ002-0059 | those who had turned king's evidence, whose safety might have been imperiled had they been lodged with the men against whom they had informed. | [
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LJ002-0060 | But these king's witnesses were also put at times into the press yard among the capital convicts, seemingly a very dangerous proceeding, | [
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LJ002-0061 | or they lodged with the gatesmen, the prisoner officers who had charge of the inner gates. | [
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LJ002-0062 | The middle yard was at first given up to the least heinous offenders. After eighteen twelve it changed functions with the chapel yard. | [
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LJ002-0063 | It was fifty feet by twenty-five, and had five wards each thirty-eight by fifteen. At one end of the yard was an arcade, | [
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639,... | 112 | 8 |
LJ002-0064 | directly under the chapel, in which there were three cells, used either for the confinement of disorderly and refractory prisoners, | [
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LJ002-0065 | or female convicts ordered for execution. | [
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1508... | 46 | 8 |
LJ002-0066 | The master felons' side consisted of a yard the same size as the preceding, appropriated nominally to the most decent and better-behaved prisoners, | [
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... | 122 | 8 |
LJ002-0067 | but really kept for the few who had funds sufficient to gain them admission to these more comfortable quarters. | [
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376,
1010,
18... | 98 | 8 |
LJ002-0068 | Here were also lodged the gatesmen, the prisoners who had charge of the inner gates, and who were entrusted with the duty of escorting visitors from the gates | [
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262,
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598,
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36... | 125 | 8 |
LJ002-0069 | to the various wards their friends occupied. | [
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157,
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... | 36 | 8 |
LJ002-0070 | The state side was the part stolen from the female felons' side. | [
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150,
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440,
440,
1047,
1552,
1356,
96,... | 51 | 8 |
LJ002-0071 | It was large and comparatively commodious, being maintained on a better footing than any other part of the prison. | [
[
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722,
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304,
1229,
1929,
910,
1602,
... | 90 | 8 |
LJ002-0072 | The inmates were privileged, either by antecedents or the fortunate possession of sufficient funds to pay the charges of the place. | [
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514,
155,
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1421,
268,
1389,
1967... | 108 | 8 |
LJ002-0073 | Neild takes it for granted that the former rather than the latter prevailed in the selection, | [
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299,
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577,
539,
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... | 61 | 8 |
LJ002-0074 | and tells us that in the state side, quote, such prisoners were safely associated whose manners and conduct evince a more liberal style of education, | [
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304,
1219,
579,
1846,
1846,... | 122 | 8 |
LJ002-0075 | and who are therefore lodged apart from all other districts of the jail. End quote. | [
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514,
967,
479,
1701,
... | 59 | 8 |
LJ002-0076 | The state side contained twelve good-sized rooms, | [
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157,
999,
728,
83,
539,
665,
1689... | 40 | 8 |
LJ002-0077 | from twenty-one by eighteen feet to fifteen feet square, which were furnished with bedsteads and bedding. | [
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797,
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940,
664,
990,
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357,
35... | 87 | 8 |
LJ002-0078 | seven. The press yard was that part set aside for the condemned. | [
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585,
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114,
793,
... | 57 | 8 |
LJ002-0079 | Its name and its situation were the same as those of the old place of carrying out the terrible sentence inflicted on accused persons who stood mute. | [
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272,
1591,
1945,
... | 115 | 8 |
LJ002-0080 | The long narrow yard still remained as we saw it in Jacobite times, | [
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627,
56,
803,
486,
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639,
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10... | 63 | 8 |
LJ002-0081 | and beyond it was now a day room for the capital convicts or those awaiting execution. | [
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260,
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... | 66 | 8 |
LJ002-0082 | Beyond the press yard were three stories, condemned cells, fifteen in all, with vaulted ceilings nine feet high to the crown of the arch. | [
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110,
1067,
636,
797,
1607,
1... | 119 | 8 |
LJ002-0083 | The ground floor cells were nine feet by six; | [
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485,
96,
245,
1908,
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1959,
... | 42 | 8 |
LJ002-0084 | those on the first floor were rather larger on account of a set-off in the wall; and the uppermost were the largest, for the same reason. | [
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774,
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117,
28,
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247,
... | 93 | 8 |
LJ002-0085 | Security was provided for in these condemned cells by lining the substantial stone walls with planks studded with broad-headed nails; | [
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1238,
1054,
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529,
1109,
544,
611,
... | 114 | 8 |
LJ002-0086 | they were lighted by a double-grated window two feet nine inches by fourteen inches; and in the doors, which were four inches thick, | [
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544,
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11,
1802,
1063,
530... | 121 | 8 |
LJ002-0087 | a circular aperture had been let in to give ventilation and secure a free current of air. | [
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1984,
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97,
872,
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284,
1622,
903,
483,
... | 76 | 8 |
LJ002-0088 | In each cell there was a barrack bedstead on the floor without bedding. | [
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750,
237,
561,
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201,
1197,
... | 57 | 8 |
LJ002-0089 | eight. The female felons were deprived of part of the space which the architect had intended for them. | [
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73,
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967,
479,
631,
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157,
... | 81 | 8 |
LJ002-0090 | More than half their quadrangle had been partitioned off for another purpose, | [
[
2018,
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1010,
362,
1921,
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1056,
114,
1610,
85,
1802,
1379,
... | 58 | 8 |
LJ002-0091 | and what remained was divided into a master's and a common side for female felons. | [
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654,
654,
1548,
796,
1899,
... | 77 | 8 |
LJ002-0092 | The two yards were adjoining, that for the common side much the largest. | [
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186,
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832,
396,
663,
404,
404,
585,
816,
550,
749,
1... | 61 | 8 |
LJ002-0093 | There were nine wards in all on the female side, one of them in the attic, | [
[
316,
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1552,
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96,
49,
1324,
1590,
129,
1273,
1506,
673,
1... | 60 | 8 |
LJ002-0094 | with four casements and two fireplaces, being allotted for a female infirmary | [
[
995,
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299,
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1254,
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740,
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636,
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337,
300,
994,
1802,
1063,
530,
408,
371,
1440,
1910,
858,
1634,
743,
1472,
735,
1451,
... | 70 | 8 |
LJ002-0095 | and the rest being provided with barrack beds, and in dimensions varying from thirty feet by fifteen to fifteen feet by ten. | [
[
1952,
1102,
17,
526,
1146,
1215,
1424,
2026,
1057,
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266,
313,
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655,
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6,
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628,
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1166,
321,
1839,
981,
1817,
1166,
1197,
643,
56,
2033,
205,
79... | 119 | 8 |
LJ002-0096 | The eight courts above enumerated were well supplied with water; | [
[
1692,
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1252,
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248,
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145,
1974,
1781,
1536,
1879,
1148,
1764,
505,
501,
501,
1412,
6,
6,
1117,
165... | 55 | 8 |
LJ002-0097 | they had dust-bins, sewers, and so forth, "properly disposed," and the city scavenger paid periodical visits to the prison. | [
[
613,
1144,
1488,
1335,
237,
662,
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540,
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606,
97,
872,
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1405,
1405,
1443,
1067,
636,
797,
1846,
855,
1377,
1135,
1669,
1801,... | 112 | 8 |
LJ002-0098 | The prisoners had few comforts, beyond the occasional use of a bath at some distance, situated in the press yard, | [
[
1698,
313,
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819,
132,
212,
1443,
1010,
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588,
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2033,
740,
1057,
1989,
89,
1902,
1530,
1530,
1040,
28,
560,
594,
1840,
... | 94 | 8 |
LJ002-0099 | to which access was granted rarely and as a great favor. But they were allowed the luxury of drink -- if they could pay for it. | [
[
995,
654,
572,
572,
1508,
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910,
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264,
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6,
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321,
1440,
1825,
831,
831,
15,
845,
685,
1837,
873,
1022,
1037,
1237,
... | 104 | 8 |
LJ002-0100 | A recent reform had closed the tap kept by the jailer within the precincts, but | [
[
1698,
539,
1186,
144,
1147,
463,
539,
325,
1721,
1406,
299,
731,
1894,
1732,
1261,
1010,
1252,
1252,
1344,
304,
651,
347,
912,
1713,
1573,
578,
847,
1222,
1222,
1868,
1868,
1846,
160... | 69 | 8 |
LJ002-0101 | there was still a "convenient room" which served, and, quote, | [
[
1182,
1144,
1546,
1096,
1096,
1326,
1751,
912,
668,
1315,
1204,
702,
1054,
1054,
1385,
96,
96,
957,
786,
70,
2030,
83,
325,
1851,
230,
867,
1120,
709,
1737,
868,
598,
478,
572,
3... | 60 | 8 |
LJ002-0102 | near it a grating through which the debtors receive their beer from the neighboring public-houses. | [
[
1692,
1671,
902,
902,
1352,
56,
1020,
1266,
573,
109,
1670,
1670,
1412,
851,
186,
1667,
1526,
1787,
1851,
1546,
572,
572,
327,
1713,
1573,
181,
10,
1655,
212,
1443,
83,
325,
1273,
... | 75 | 8 |
LJ002-0103 | The felons' side has a similar accommodation, and this mode of introducing the beverage is adopted because no publican as such | [
[
1698,
1641,
1356,
184,
1998,
150,
2040,
1900,
1032,
1945,
1506,
157,
839,
1628,
813,
1010,
1037,
1967,
1945,
1112,
1348,
719,
1655,
1014,
1705,
623,
635,
1791,
501,
501,
594,
1840,
1... | 100 | 8 |
LJ002-0104 | can be permitted to enter the interior of this prison. End quote. The tap-room and bar were just behind the felons' entrance lodge, | [
[
995,
1385,
362,
1639,
313,
1548,
1214,
1994,
6,
6,
11,
1323,
130,
1465,
268,
1124,
1813,
1513,
1530,
1536,
1536,
1207,
777,
1395,
1141,
1395,
774,
1505,
1930,
410,
597,
1277,
330,
... | 104 | 8 |
LJ002-0105 | and beyond it was a room called the "wine room," because formerly used for the sale of wine, but | [
[
799,
1837,
873,
993,
1547,
362,
1989,
89,
1597,
544,
6,
1352,
579,
797,
1846,
1607,
1375,
382,
1237,
539,
665,
1258,
1258,
1925,
1980,
1896,
190,
1538,
1114,
1187,
1404,
157,
839,
... | 77 | 8 |
LJ002-0106 | in which latterly a copper had been fixed for the cooking of provisions sent in by charitable persons. | [
[
678,
926,
1740,
572,
327,
1428,
90,
2027,
1655,
1655,
1939,
831,
705,
15,
577,
1196,
1040,
1705,
1697,
1023,
254,
1295,
1677,
1677,
1261,
1010,
362,
1921,
1416,
1356,
1860,
984,
798,... | 79 | 8 |
LJ002-0107 | Quote, On the top of the jail, continues Neild, are a watch-house and a sentry-box, where two or more guards, with dogs and firearms, | [
[
2018,
1782,
304,
1039,
1640,
832,
1607,
663,
753,
969,
598,
1411,
1093,
1902,
1573,
578,
218,
538,
254,
410,
597,
1573,
492,
908,
251,
560,
1590,
1473,
126,
2024,
1054,
994,
1207,
... | 123 | 8 |
LJ002-0108 | watch all night. Adjoining the felons' side lodge is the keeper's office, where the prison books are kept, and his clerk, | [
[
1415,
1404,
1560,
1741,
327,
329,
587,
89,
1902,
891,
166,
527,
1108,
579,
579,
797,
1607,
663,
663,
404,
404,
1266,
1071,
492,
406,
99,
851,
1932,
1713,
1552,
1721,
1324,
826,
1... | 102 | 8 |
LJ002-0109 | called the clerk of the papers, attends daily. End quote. | [
[
2018,
1896,
190,
1713,
366,
1252,
1344,
929,
447,
1347,
597,
366,
1343,
560,
909,
774,
212,
1443,
636,
797,
797,
1266,
578,
847,
1109,
1256,
133,
1658,
201,
560,
826,
851,
705,
5... | 46 | 8 |
LJ002-0110 | Having thus briefly described the plan and appropriation of the prison, I propose to deal now with the general condition of the inmates, and the manner of their life. | [
[
1952,
1209,
1932,
266,
1649,
540,
1615,
1012,
1276,
1719,
1083,
1525,
307,
722,
479,
1701,
570,
1468,
157,
839,
1457,
1212,
366,
858,
1344,
776,
1903,
1837,
1810,
845,
257,
886,
313,... | 119 | 8 |
LJ002-0111 | Of these the debtors, male and female, formed a large proportion. | [
[
2018,
455,
1627,
1513,
1869,
1869,
1242,
110,
1251,
1573,
1573,
529,
1571,
1655,
774,
212,
1443,
740,
1730,
1730,
1590,
719,
1919,
300,
1416,
1356,
96,
1113,
1214,
1590,
841,
1801,
1... | 55 | 8 |
LJ002-0112 | The frequency and extent of processes against debtors seventy or eighty years ago will appear almost incredible | [
[
995,
1641,
698,
1719,
1363,
1363,
1854,
1134,
1229,
952,
285,
1919,
1369,
1040,
1945,
1945,
201,
1109,
1292,
1039,
579,
1930,
1265,
313,
1370,
747,
1534,
1534,
1534,
1451,
1451,
1067,
... | 99 | 8 |
LJ002-0113 | in an age when insolvent acts and bankruptcy courts do so much to relieve the impecunious, | [
[
678,
1804,
125,
1781,
1516,
281,
373,
1336,
1117,
674,
125,
130,
1479,
1299,
1135,
292,
76,
1021,
1383,
213,
1259,
1703,
1421,
146,
619,
619,
1039,
1919,
1385,
1166,
194,
194,
1363,
... | 79 | 8 |
LJ002-0114 | and imprisonment for debt has almost entirely disappeared. | [
[
799,
685,
873,
479,
985,
313,
1997,
1790,
819,
213,
1214,
268,
1882,
2043,
2043,
942,
529,
10,
1039,
857,
1010,
1037,
587,
178,
178,
1722,
1650,
1615,
798,
1536,
994,
218,
538,
7... | 50 | 8 |
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