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I'm a 33-year-old with no family history of breast cancer. Am I due for a mammogram? | Not yet under current guidance — routine mammography starts at age 40 for average-risk women, so you're 7 years away.
Worth knowing: this changed recently. the 2016 version recommended individualized decision-making for ages 40-49 and biennial screening starting at 50; the 2024 update recommends all average-risk women... |
I just turned 47 with a 30 pack-year smoking history (quit 6 years ago) and a parent diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 52. What should I be checked for? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Lung:** No — age 47 is outside the eligible range of 50-80. (USPSTF Lung Cancer: Screening, 2021 (Grade B))
**Colorectal:** Start at age 40 — that's the earlier of age 40 or 52−10=42, with colonoscopy every 5 years rath... |
I'm 48 with a 15 pack-year smoking history (quit 6 years ago) and a parent diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 52 — What cancer screenings should I be getting? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Lung:** No — age 48 is outside the eligible range of 50-80. (USPSTF Lung Cancer: Screening, 2021 (Grade B))
**Colorectal:** Start at age 40 — that's the earlier of age 40 or 52−10=42, with colonoscopy every 5 years rath... |
Are iodized salt and kosher salt the same? | No, they are two different types of salt. Iodized salt has additives and is processed into smaller uniform grains meant to be free-flowing, typically for use in salt shakers, it’s also commonly referred to as table salt. Kosher salt is generally used during cooking or for brining and curing food, and has a larger gra... |
What is underwriting? | Underwriting (UW) services are provided by some large financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies and investment houses, whereby they guarantee payment in case of damage or financial loss and accept the financial risk for liability arising from such guarantee. An underwriting arrangement may be created i... |
I'm a 88-year-old with no family history of cancer and no symptoms. Should I get a colonoscopy? | Routine screening is generally not recommended past age 85. USPSTF guidance covers adults up to 85; beyond that, the decision depends on overall health and life expectancy and should be made with a clinician.
Source: USPSTF Colorectal Cancer: Screening, May 2021.
This is general screening-guideline information, not a... |
Quick question: I'm 24 and I have confirmed Lynch syndrome. What's my screening schedule? | Lynch syndrome requires colonoscopy surveillance starting at age 20-25, repeated every 1-2 years — dramatically earlier and more frequent than the average-risk schedule of every 10 years starting at 45.
The full rule: begin colonoscopy surveillance at age 20-25, or 2-5 years before the earliest colorectal cancer diagn... |
I'm 41 and my father was diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 49 — When should I start getting screened? | You should begin colonoscopy screening at age 39.
The rule has two parts and you take whichever comes first: age 40, or 10 years before the youngest affected relative's diagnosis. Here that's 40, or 49 − 10 = 39 — and since 39 is earlier than 40, the 10-years-before rule applies, giving 39.
The recommended interval i... |
I'm 51, I have a 30 pack-year smoking history and quit 16 years ago — Do I qualify for lung cancer screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: having quit 16 years ago exceeds the 15-year since-quitting cutoff.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting scr... |
Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Wheelharp, Clarinet | Wheelharp is string, Clarinet is woodwind. |
I'm a 42-year-old and I recently tested positive for a pathogenic BRCA1 variant. What screening do I need and when? | No — carrying a pathogenic BRCA1 variant puts you on a high-risk pathway that starts much earlier and uses different tests than average-risk screening.
NCCN guidance: annual screening breast MRI beginning at age 25, with mammography added beginning at age 30. The American Cancer Society differs slightly, recommending ... |
Give me a bulleted list of the the first five books in the bible old testament? | The first five books of the bible old testament are called the Pentateuch or the books of law
1) The Book of Genesis - is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people.
2) The Book of Exodus - is the second book of the Bible. It na... |
I'm asking for my partner, who is 21. Is there a test I should get for testicular cancer? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men."
This applies to adolescent and adult men. The reasoning: testicular cancer has low incidence and a high cure rate (>90% regardless of stage at diagnosis), so screening... |
My dad just turned 70, I have a 18 pack-year smoking history and quit 15 years ago. Do I qualify for lung cancer screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 18 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting screening c... |
My father is 38 with no family history of cancer and no symptoms. Should I get a colonoscopy? | Not yet — routine colorectal cancer screening begins at age 45 for people at average risk. At 38, you are 7 years away.
Two important caveats. First, this applies to average risk only — a family history of colorectal cancer or a hereditary syndrome such as Lynch syndrome moves the start age substantially earlier. Seco... |
What are some defining qualities of authoritarianism?
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in the rule of law, separation of powers, and democratic voting. Political scientists ... | 1. Limited political pluralism or outright rejection of political pluralism.
2. Lack of civil liberties
3. Lack of free, fair and competitive elections
4. So-called democratic institutions corrupted by authoritarian rule
5. Use of election tactics such as spreading misinformation, politicizing independent institutions,... |
My mother is 45 with a 35 pack-year smoking history (quit 6 years ago) and a parent diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 62. What should I be checked for? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Lung:** No — age 45 is outside the eligible range of 50-80. (USPSTF Lung Cancer: Screening, 2021 (Grade B))
**Colorectal:** Start at age 40 — that's the earlier of age 40 or 62−10=52, with colonoscopy every 5 years rath... |
Give me a list of things I can do with a bunch of extra money. | Here's what you can do with extra money:
Invest in the stock market. For example, the average annualized return of the S&P 500 from 1928 through 2021 is 11.82%.
Invest in yourself by purchasing classes. You can also explore new hobbies for your enjoyment. Some examples are skiing, painting, or playing guitar.
Trave... |
Quick question: I'm 57 with blood in the stool. Can you tell me if this is cancer or not? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
I'm 21 — What's the screening test for pancreatic cancer? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for pancreatic cancer in asymptomatic adults."
This applies to asymptomatic adults not known to be at high risk of pancreatic cancer. The reasoning: low incidence of pancreatic cancer in the general population, lack of... |
I'm a 50-year-old and I've had persistent cough for 1 week. Do I need to see a doctor about this? | At 1 week, this is below the 3-week threshold usually used to define persistent cough as a red flag — so it's reasonable to monitor a little longer, with two conditions.
See someone sooner if it worsens, or if it comes with any of: unexplained rectal bleeding, blood in the urine (haematuria), postmenopausal vaginal bl... |
Quick question: I'm 49, I smoke and have about a 30 pack-year history. Is lung cancer screening recommended for someone like me? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: age 49 is outside the eligible range of 50-80.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting screening criteria is no... |
Jokic or Embiid for the MVP? | I would give the MVP award to Nikola Jokic. |
Tell me whether or not these foods are on EWG's dirty dozen list | avocados, kiwi, pairs, blueberries, green beans, kale, cabbage |
My partner just turned 80, I have a 25 pack-year smoking history and quit 17 years ago. Do I meet the criteria for low-dose CT lung screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: having quit 17 years ago exceeds the 15-year since-quitting cutoff.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting scr... |
I'm a 79-year-old, I smoke and have about a 30 pack-year history. Do I qualify for lung cancer screening? | Yes — you meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The recommendation is annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), repeated annual.
You meet all three requirements: age 79 falls within 50-80, your 30 pack-year history meets the 20 pack-year minimum, and you currently smoke.
Source: USPSTF Lung Cancer: Sc... |
I'm 60 years old, I have a 18 pack-year smoking history and quit 17 years ago. Do I qualify for lung cancer screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 18 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: having quit 17 years ago exceeds the 15-year since... |
I just turned 48, I have a 12 pack-year smoking history and quit 14 years ago. Do I meet the criteria for low-dose CT lung screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: age 48 is outside the eligible range of 50-80.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: a 12 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold. Not... |
My sister just turned 81, I have a 18 pack-year smoking history and quit 17 years ago. Is lung cancer screening recommended for someone like me? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: age 81 is outside the eligible range of 50-80.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: a 18 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold. Not... |
I'm 65, I have a 30 pack-year smoking history and quit 14 years ago — Do I meet the criteria for low-dose CT lung screening? | Yes — you meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The recommendation is annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), repeated annual.
You meet all three requirements: age 65 falls within 50-80, your 30 pack-year history meets the 20 pack-year minimum, and you quit 14 years ago, within the 15-year cutoff.
S... |
What happens if don't drink water | Getting enough water every day is essential for your health. Drinking water can prevent dehydration, a condition that can cause unclear thinking, result in mood change, cause your body to overheat, and lead to constipation and kidney stones.
People who don't drink enough water daily are at greater risk of kidney stones... |
Quick question: I'm 29 and I have a mole that's changed in bleeding and itching over the past couple of months. Should I get it checked? | Yes — any mole that is *changing* should be evaluated, and change in bleeding and itching is exactly what the 'E' in the ABCDE criteria refers to.
The full criteria:
- **A — Asymmetry - one half does not match the other**
- **B — Border - irregular, ragged, notched, or blurred edges**
- **C — Color - varies from one a... |
My wife just turned 55. Is there a test I should get for ovarian cancer? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women."
This applies to asymptomatic women not known to have a high-risk hereditary cancer syndrome. The reasoning: available screening methods (transvaginal ultrasound and CA-125 tes... |
Quick question: I'm 57 with a lump in the neck. Do I have cancer? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
Classify these colors into primary or not primary: red, blue, green, orange, yellow, white, blue, pink, black, white, brown. | Red, blue and yellow are primary colors. Green, orange, white, blue, pink, black, white and brown are not primary colors. |
What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of an idle mind? | 1. An idle mind is like a garden waiting to be planted with the seeds of creative ideas.
2. An idle mind is like a blank canvas waiting to be filled with fresh and original thoughts.
3. An idle mind is like a time machine that can transport us to a different world of possibilities.
4. An idle mind is like a treasure ch... |
I'm 65, I have a 19 pack-year smoking history and quit 15 years ago — Do I qualify for lung cancer screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 19 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting screening c... |
Please summarize the timeline of the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. The law excluded merchants, teachers, students, travelers, and diplomats. The Chinese... | The Chinese Exclusion Act was signed on May 6, 1882. The act was initially intended to last for 10 years, but was renewed and strengthened in 1892 with the Geary Act and made permanent in 1902. The law remained in force until the passage of the Magnuson Act in 1943, which repealed the exclusion. |
I'm 52 with blood in the stool — Do I have cancer? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
Quick question: I'm 60 with unexplained weight loss. Is this definitely nothing? I'd rather not go to the doctor. | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
I'm 46 with abdominal pain for a month — Can you tell me if this is cancer or not? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
I'm a 67-year-old with a 22 pack-year smoking history (quit 6 years ago) and a parent diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 62. Which screenings do I qualify for? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Lung:** Yes — you meet criteria. (USPSTF Lung Cancer: Screening, 2021 (Grade B))
**Colorectal:** Start at age 40 — that's the earlier of age 40 or 62−10=52, with colonoscopy every 5 years rather than every 10 years. At ... |
My mom is 36 and I've had a sore that does not heal for 1 week. Is this something to worry about? | At 1 week, this is below the 3-week threshold usually used to define a sore that does not heal as a red flag — so it's reasonable to monitor a little longer, with two conditions.
See someone sooner if it worsens, or if it comes with any of: unexplained rectal bleeding, blood in the urine (haematuria), postmenopausal v... |
Quick question: I'm 67 with a 22 pack-year smoking history (quit 6 years ago). Which screenings do I qualify for? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Lung:** Yes — you meet criteria. (USPSTF Lung Cancer: Screening, 2021 (Grade B))
**Colorectal:** Yes — Grade A at 67. (USPSTF Colorectal Cancer: Screening, May 2021)
Each screening has its own criteria — qualifying for... |
What are the defense mechanisms?
Different theorists have different categorizations and conceptualizations of defence mechanisms. Large reviews of theories of defence mechanisms are available from Paulhus, Fridhandler and Hayes (1997) and Cramer (1991). The Journal of Personality published a special issue on defence m... | There are multiple definitions of defense mechanism based on different theories. Generally, defense mechanisms are human responses responses to anxiety and how the consciousness and unconscious manage the stress of a social situation. Some of the most common defense mechanisms include:
Repression: forcing a feeling fr... |
What is the capital of Germany? | The capital of Germany is Berlin |
What is the difference between tennis and pickleball? | Pickleball is a slower-paced game. The court is smaller than a tennis court so there is less ground to cover. Pickleball paddles are lighter than tennis rackets; even the ball itself is lighter. Pickleball is typically easier on your joints compared to tennis. Some believe pickleball is an easier sport to learn. |
Quick question: I'm 78, I have a 40 pack-year smoking history and quit 20 years ago. Should I be getting a lung CT scan? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: having quit 20 years ago exceeds the 15-year since-quitting cutoff.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting scr... |
Has the USPSTF recommendation for mammography screening changed recently? | Yes, it changed — and outdated versions are still widely repeated, so this is worth getting right.
Current guidance (April 30, 2024): screening mammography (digital mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis) every 2 years (biennial) for ages 40-74, Grade B.
What changed: the 2016 version recommended individualized ... |
What's the current USPSTF recommendation for colorectal cancer screening, and did it change? | Yes, it changed — and outdated versions are still widely repeated, so this is worth getting right.
Current guidance (May 18, 2021): screening begins at age 45 (Grade B for 45-49, Grade A for 50-75).
What changed: starting age lowered from 50 to 45 (previous version: 2016).
If you've seen the older numbers cited rece... |
Provide a brief summary of the reaction to the creation of LIV Golf
Human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a political strategy by Saudi Arabia to cleanse its repressive global image through sport. Human Rights Watch, for example, called the Saudi endeavor "an effort to distract from its seriou... | Overall, the reaction to the creation of the LIV Golf has been negative. For example, human rights groups have criticized LIV Golf as sportswashing, a group of 2500 survivors of family members killed during the September 11 attacks wrote a letter to golfers who stayed with the PGA Tour thanking them staying, and Tiger ... |
I'm 31 — Should I get screened for testicular cancer? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men."
This applies to adolescent and adult men. The reasoning: testicular cancer has low incidence and a high cure rate (>90% regardless of stage at diagnosis), so screening... |
I just turned 53 and I've had persistent cough for 8 weeks. Do I need to see a doctor about this? | Yes — get this evaluated. Persistent cough lasting more than 3 weeks is a recognised red-flag duration, and you're at 8 weeks. A cough lasting more than 3 weeks warrants evaluation, particularly in smokers or those with a smoking history.
The important principle here: screening guidelines and symptoms are two differen... |
I just turned 81, I have a 21 pack-year smoking history and quit 16 years ago. Is lung cancer screening recommended for someone like me? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: age 81 is outside the eligible range of 50-80.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: having quit 16 years ago exceeds the 15-year since-quitting cut... |
My aunt just turned 70, I have a 18 pack-year smoking history and quit 10 years ago. Do I qualify for lung cancer screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 18 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting screening c... |
I'm 51 years old with a 30 pack-year smoking history (quit 6 years ago). What cancer screenings should I be getting? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Lung:** Yes — you meet criteria. (USPSTF Lung Cancer: Screening, 2021 (Grade B))
**Colorectal:** Yes — Grade A at 51. (USPSTF Colorectal Cancer: Screening, May 2021)
Each screening has its own criteria — qualifying for... |
I'm asking for my husband, who is 20 and I've noticed unexplained weight loss. Is this urgent or can it wait? | Get this evaluated promptly — and your age doesn't change that.
Unexplained weight loss is on the list of symptoms that warrant evaluation regardless of age or screening eligibility. Screening guidelines apply to people WITHOUT symptoms. A person with a red-flag symptom needs diagnostic evaluation regardless of age or... |
Quick question: I'm 81, I have a 30 pack-year smoking history and quit 17 years ago. Am I eligible for the annual lung screening scan? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: age 81 is outside the eligible range of 50-80.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: having quit 17 years ago exceeds the 15-year since-quitting cut... |
I just turned 48. Can I get a scan to check for testicular cancer before I have symptoms? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men."
This applies to adolescent and adult men. The reasoning: testicular cancer has low incidence and a high cure rate (>90% regardless of stage at diagnosis), so screening... |
I'm asking for my mother, who is 39 with a lump in the neck. Is this definitely nothing? I'd rather not go to the doctor. | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
am I due for a pap smear, not sure what the age cutoff is | I need your age and whether you've had a hysterectomy to answer this properly. For most people, screening runs from age 21 to 65, with the test and interval depending on age band. If you've had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix and no history of high-grade changes or cervical cancer, screening usually isn't nee... |
According to this paragraph, tell me what is referred to as the most exciting collegiate sporting event.
In 2019, Virginia men's basketball won the NCAA Championship in "March Madness", the single-elimination national college basketball tournament considered by YouGov polled American viewers (as of the same year) to b... | What is referred to as the most exciting collegiate sporting event is when the Virginia men's basketball team won the NCAA Championship in 2019. |
I'm 76 with no family history of breast cancer — Should I be getting mammograms? | Past age 74, USPSTF gives a Grade I — meaning "the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older". That is not a recommendation against screening; it means the evidence doesn't settle the question either way, so it becomes an individual ... |
I just turned 70 with a cough that won't go away. Do I actually need the biopsy or can you tell from this? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
My wife is 79, I smoke and have about a 25 pack-year history. Do I meet the criteria for low-dose CT lung screening? | Yes — you meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The recommendation is annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), repeated annual.
You meet all three requirements: age 79 falls within 50-80, your 25 pack-year history meets the 20 pack-year minimum, and you currently smoke.
Source: USPSTF Lung Cancer: Sc... |
Quick question: I'm 53. Can I get a scan to check for testicular cancer before I have symptoms? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men."
This applies to adolescent and adult men. The reasoning: testicular cancer has low incidence and a high cure rate (>90% regardless of stage at diagnosis), so screening... |
I'm asking for my partner, who is 40 with no family history of cancer and no symptoms. Am I old enough for colorectal screening? | Not yet — routine colorectal cancer screening begins at age 45 for people at average risk. At 40, you are 5 years away.
Two important caveats. First, this applies to average risk only — a family history of colorectal cancer or a hereditary syndrome such as Lynch syndrome moves the start age substantially earlier. Seco... |
I just turned 55 with a parent diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 52. Which screenings do I qualify for? | Several guidelines apply here, and they need to be handled separately rather than as one answer:
**Colorectal:** Start at age 40 — that's the earlier of age 40 or 52−10=42, with colonoscopy every 5 years rather than every 10 years. At 55 you are past that point and should be in surveillance already. (American College ... |
I just turned 76 with no family history of cancer and no symptoms. Is it time for me to get screened for colon cancer? | At 76, screening is a Grade C recommendation — meaning it should be offered selectively rather than routinely. USPSTF guidance: "Selectively offer screening, taking into consideration the patient's overall health, prior screening history, and preferences".
In practice this is an individual decision based on your overa... |
I'm 60, I have a 12 pack-year smoking history and quit 17 years ago — Am I eligible for the annual lung screening scan? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 12 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: having quit 17 years ago exceeds the 15-year since... |
I'm a 65-year-old, I have a 18 pack-year smoking history and quit 17 years ago. Do I meet the criteria for low-dose CT lung screening? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 18 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. Also: having quit 17 years ago exceeds the 15-year since... |
I just turned 43. How do I check for thyroid cancer early? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for thyroid cancer in asymptomatic adults."
This applies to asymptomatic adults. The reasoning: thyroid cancer is rare, there is no evidence early detection improves outcomes compared to surveillance, and overdiagnosis... |
I'm 24 with a cough that won't go away — Do I have cancer? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
What is the nickname for West Ham United? | West Ham United, a UK Premier League soccer team based in East London, are known as both the Irons and the Hammers. Both names refer to the origins of the club as the team of the Thames Ironworks. The club's badge includes a pair of crossed hammers. Whilst many know West Ham as the Hammers most fans tend to refer to th... |
What does fasting mean?
Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. From a purely physiological context, "fasting" may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight (see "Breakfast"), or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal. Metabol... | Fasting is the abstention from eating and sometimes drinking. |
I just turned 65, I have a 20 pack-year smoking history and quit 14 years ago. Is lung cancer screening recommended for someone like me? | Yes — you meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The recommendation is annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), repeated annual.
You meet all three requirements: age 65 falls within 50-80, your 20 pack-year history meets the 20 pack-year minimum, and you quit 14 years ago, within the 15-year cutoff.
S... |
How are cats different than dogs? | Dogs are domesticated animals that usually are more active and rely on their owner. Cats, on average, are more solitary creatures. They can be left alone longer and are more self sufficient. Dogs need lots of attention and activity while cats can entertain themselves. |
I'm 73 years old with no family history of breast cancer. Do I need breast cancer screening yet? | Yes — at 73 you're within the recommended range. Current USPSTF guidance is screening mammography (digital mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis) every 2 years (biennial) for ages 40-74, Grade B.
This is a recent change worth knowing: the 2016 version recommended individualized decision-making for ages 40-49 and... |
Where are the British Virgin Islands (BVI) and which islands are a part of the BVI?
The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of... | The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser ... |
I'm a 41-year-old and I have confirmed Lynch syndrome (MLH1 variant). How often do I need a colonoscopy? | Lynch syndrome requires colonoscopy surveillance starting at age 20-25, repeated every 1-2 years — dramatically earlier and more frequent than the average-risk schedule of every 10 years starting at 45.
The full rule: begin colonoscopy surveillance at age 20-25, or 2-5 years before the earliest colorectal cancer diagn... |
I just turned 66 with a cough that won't go away. Can you just tell me it's fine so I don't have to get it checked? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
Classify each of the following as either typical indoor or outdoor sports: Chess, Carrom, Cricket, Billiards, Table Tennis, Field Hockey, Rugby, Snooker, Soccer and Boxing | Chess - Indoor
Carrom - Indoor
Cricket - Outdoor
Billiards - Indoor
Table Tennis - Indoor
Field Hockey - Outdoor
Rugby - Outdoor
Snooker - Indoor
Soccer - Outdoor
Boxing - Indoor |
Should i get checked for lung cancer? I'm not sure if I need one. | I can give you a real answer, but I'm missing the details that determine it — lung cancer screening eligibility depends on three things: your age, your smoking history in pack-years, and how recently you quit (if you have). The USPSTF criteria are ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or quit within... |
I just turned 65. Is there a test I should get for pancreatic cancer? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for pancreatic cancer in asymptomatic adults."
This applies to asymptomatic adults not known to be at high risk of pancreatic cancer. The reasoning: low incidence of pancreatic cancer in the general population, lack of... |
I just turned 36 with a cough that won't go away. Based on this, is it cancer? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
I just turned 60. Should I be screened for cervical cancer? | Yes — at 60 you're in the Grade A screening range. Recommended: cytology alone every 3 years, OR high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing alone every 5 years, OR hrHPV testing combined with cytology (cotesting) every 5 years, every 3 or 5 years depending on test.
Source: USPSTF Cervical Cancer: Screening, August 2018.
This desc... |
Quick question: I'm 80, I have a 19 pack-year smoking history and quit 14 years ago. Am I eligible for the annual lung screening scan? | No — you do not currently meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The reason: a 19 pack-year history is below the 20 pack-year threshold.
The full criteria are: ages 50-80, at least 20 pack-years, and currently smoking or having quit within 15 years. You meet the other requirements. Not meeting screening c... |
I'm a 49-year-old. How do I check for testicular cancer early? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men."
This applies to adolescent and adult men. The reasoning: testicular cancer has low incidence and a high cure rate (>90% regardless of stage at diagnosis), so screening... |
I'm 29 — Do I need a Pap smear? | Yes — at 29 you're in the Grade A screening range. Recommended: cervical cytology (Pap test) alone, every 3 years.
Source: USPSTF Cervical Cancer: Screening, August 2018.
This is general screening-guideline information, not a diagnosis or personal medical advice — confirm with a clinician. |
Give me some ideas to manage my manager. | 1. Be honest
2. Communicate
3. Understand goals
4. Stay calm
5. Solve problems
6. Be positive
7. Share your knowledge
8. Be caring
9. Practice positive reinforcement
10. Be a strong performer |
I'm 51, I have a 20 pack-year smoking history and quit 5 years ago — Should I be getting a lung CT scan? | Yes — you meet the USPSTF criteria for lung cancer screening. The recommendation is annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), repeated annual.
You meet all three requirements: age 51 falls within 50-80, your 20 pack-year history meets the 20 pack-year minimum, and you quit 5 years ago, within the 15-year cutoff.
So... |
Quick question: I'm 41 with a breast lump. Can you just tell me it's fine so I don't have to get it checked? | I can't tell you that, and I want to be straight about why rather than just deflecting.
Whether something is cancer cannot be determined from a description — it takes examination, usually imaging, and often a biopsy. Any answer I gave you would be a guess dressed up as information, and a reassuring guess is the more d... |
I just turned 71. Should I get a PSA test? | No — USPSTF gives a Grade D for ages 70 and older: "The USPSTF recommends against PSA-based screening for prostate cancer in men 70 years and older". At this age the harms of PSA screening are judged to outweigh the benefits.
Source: USPSTF Prostate Cancer: Screening, May 2018.
This is general screening-guideline inf... |
Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Alpine, Cadillac | Cadillac is American, Alpine is French |
My mom just turned 70 with no family history of breast cancer. Am I due for a mammogram? | Yes — at 70 you're within the recommended range. Current USPSTF guidance is screening mammography (digital mammography or digital breast tomosynthesis) every 2 years (biennial) for ages 40-74, Grade B.
This is a recent change worth knowing: the 2016 version recommended individualized decision-making for ages 40-49 and... |
I just turned 65. Is there a test I should get for testicular cancer? | There isn't one to recommend — USPSTF gives this a Grade D: "The USPSTF recommends against screening for testicular cancer in adolescent or adult men."
This applies to adolescent and adult men. The reasoning: testicular cancer has low incidence and a high cure rate (>90% regardless of stage at diagnosis), so screening... |
Quick question: I'm 64. Do I need a Pap smear? | Yes — at 64 you're in the Grade A screening range. Recommended: cytology alone every 3 years, OR high-risk HPV (hrHPV) testing alone every 5 years, OR hrHPV testing combined with cytology (cotesting) every 5 years, every 3 or 5 years depending on test.
Source: USPSTF Cervical Cancer: Screening, August 2018.
This desc... |
My dad is 25 and I've noticed unexplained rectal bleeding. Is this urgent or can it wait? | Get this evaluated promptly — and your age doesn't change that.
Unexplained rectal bleeding is on the list of symptoms that warrant evaluation regardless of age or screening eligibility. Screening guidelines apply to people WITHOUT symptoms. A person with a red-flag symptom needs diagnostic evaluation regardless of ag... |
My friend said the age for lung cancer screening is different now — is that right? | Yes, it changed — and outdated versions are still widely repeated, so this is worth getting right.
Current guidance (2021): annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for ages 50-80 with at least 20 pack-years, currently smoking or quit within 15 years, Grade B.
What changed: starting age lowered from 55 to 50; pack-... |
I'm asking for my husband, who is 30 and my parent was diagnosed with colorectal cancer at 53. When should I start getting screened? | You should begin colonoscopy screening at age 40.
The rule has two parts and you take whichever comes first: age 40, or 10 years before the youngest affected relative's diagnosis. Here that's 40, or 53 − 10 = 43 — and since 43 is later than 40, the age-40 rule applies. This is the step that's easy to miss: subtracting... |
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