wchai/govreport-longppl-keytokens · Datasets at Hugging Face

text stringlengths 29.4k 173k	key_token_spans listlengths 1 351
In our prior work, we have found that technological innovation involves not only creating new ideas but also translating those ideas into a new product or service. Innovation, and the research driving it, is inherently risky because the likelihood that research can be translated into a product or service and the ultima...	[ [ 28607, 28610 ], [ 29326, 29330 ], [ 43424, 43435 ], [ 45478, 45489 ], [ 45512, 45515 ], [ 50726, 50734 ], [ 50750, 50757 ], [ 50782, 50808 ], [ 54778, 54781 ], [ 57088, 57094 ], [ 57541, ...
A variety of federal laws, regulations, and policies establish requirements and guidance for EPA to follow when appointing members to serve on advisory committees. For example, one purpose of FACA is to ensure that uniform procedures govern the establishment and operation of advisory committees. Also under FACA, an age...	[ [ 36457, 36467 ], [ 36536, 36542 ], [ 36557, 36561 ], [ 36596, 36597 ], [ 36600, 36612 ], [ 36666, 36670 ], [ 37462, 37465 ], [ 38904, 38907 ], [ 41865, 41872 ], [ 43135, 43137 ], [ 44885, ...
Foreign students interested in studying in the United States must first be admitted to an SEVP-certified school or university before applying for a nonimmigrant visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate overseas to authorize travel to the United States. A visa holder must present himself or herself for inspection at a U.S. p...	[ [ 29905, 29908 ], [ 29938, 29941 ], [ 29980, 29983 ], [ 30010, 30027 ], [ 30062, 30089 ], [ 30106, 30109 ], [ 30130, 30137 ], [ 30145, 30156 ], [ 30157, 30167 ], [ 31761, 31768 ], [ 34768, ...
Zika is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito but can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or from person to person through sexual contact or blood transfusion. The disease can cause symptoms that include fever, rash, conjunctivitis (“pink eye” where the eyes appear re...	[ [ 38356, 38364 ], [ 38368, 38372 ], [ 38652, 38660 ], [ 38674, 38678 ], [ 38725, 38733 ], [ 39405, 39407 ], [ 39583, 39587 ], [ 39869, 39878 ], [ 41484, 41487 ], [ 41501, 41508 ], [ 41519, ...
Prevalence of Forced Labor in Thailand A 2020 report by the United Nation’s International Labor Organization included research on hundreds of Thai workers employed on seafood vessels or in processing facilities. The report found that nearly 10 percent of interviewees shared circumstances of involuntary work and coercio...	[ [ 34406, 34416 ], [ 35074, 35081 ], [ 37970, 37977 ], [ 37980, 37988 ], [ 37995, 37998 ], [ 38032, 38053 ], [ 38058, 38066 ], [ 38153, 38164 ], [ 38192, 38197 ], [ 38213, 38218 ], [ 39711, ...
SOCOM has a unique structure and responsibilities in that it has both combatant command responsibilities and military service-like functions for organizing, training, and equipping SOF. Under sections 164 and 167 of Title 10, United States Code, the SOCOM commander is responsible for training and ensuring the combat re...	[ [ 28578, 28581 ], [ 39574, 39575 ], [ 39584, 39585 ], [ 39619, 39630 ], [ 39811, 39820 ], [ 39864, 39868 ], [ 39882, 39896 ], [ 39962, 39976 ], [ 39980, 39988 ], [ 40003, 40013 ] ]
Two State entities play key roles in education assistance in the West Bank and Gaza—State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) and State’s U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem (State/ConGen). State/PRM has an important role in funding and overseeing education assistance provided by UNRWA in the We...	[ [ 26231, 26234 ], [ 28206, 28218 ], [ 31625, 31629 ], [ 31636, 31637 ], [ 32229, 32235 ], [ 32263, 32271 ], [ 32308, 32320 ], [ 32323, 32327 ], [ 32373, 32384 ], [ 32423, 32429 ], [ 36841, ...
TSA is the primary federal agency responsible for implementing and overseeing the security of the nation’s civil aviation system and is responsible for ensuring that all passengers and property transported by commercial passenger aircraft to, from, within, or overflying the United States are adequately screened. Specif...	[ [ 44490, 44498 ], [ 44503, 44505 ], [ 45350, 45351 ], [ 46670, 46675 ], [ 57728, 57730 ], [ 57735, 57743 ], [ 58120, 58133 ], [ 59943, 59961 ], [ 59969, 59979 ], [ 59984, 59993 ], [ 59997, ...
State and local governments rely on a range of revenue sources to support their activities, including federal grants, user charges, and taxes. The share of revenue generated from different types of state and local taxes and user charges—also referred to as own-source revenue—varies by state or local government. State a...	[ [ 41133, 41146 ], [ 41576, 41577 ], [ 42636, 42637 ], [ 42656, 42657 ], [ 44603, 44612 ], [ 45464, 45471 ], [ 46475, 46484 ], [ 46565, 46571 ], [ 46629, 46637 ], [ 46843, 46850 ], [ 46876, ...
The number of AI/AN veterans eligible for both VA and IHS services is unknown. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that in 2017 approximately 141,000 AI/AN individuals identified themselves as veterans. This estimate includes only individuals who identified as AI/AN alone and not in combination with another racial group. ...	[ [ 25869, 25880 ], [ 25918, 25927 ], [ 32374, 32384 ], [ 39266, 39267 ], [ 39268, 39269 ], [ 39270, 39271 ], [ 39274, 39277 ], [ 39320, 39327 ], [ 41196, 41204 ], [ 41498, 41513 ], [ 41709, ...
The Kingpin Act authorizes Treasury to identify and apply sanctions to significant foreign narcotics traffickers and their organizations worldwide to protect the national security and economy of the United States. According to officials from OFAC and other partner agencies, key goals of the Kingpin Act include disrupti...	[ [ 30229, 30231 ], [ 34906, 34922 ], [ 35017, 35030 ], [ 37494, 37498 ], [ 45621, 45625 ], [ 47076, 47084 ], [ 48171, 48180 ], [ 49135, 49146 ], [ 49940, 49948 ], [ 50851, 50852 ], [ 53138, ...
USPS has the mission of providing prompt, reliable, and efficient universal postal service, and federal law requires USPS to “provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people.” USPS is required to serve, as nearly as practicable, ...	[ [ 27261, 27269 ], [ 39580, 39581 ], [ 39811, 39813 ], [ 40286, 40294 ], [ 40385, 40389 ], [ 42495, 42502 ], [ 44391, 44397 ], [ 44419, 44425 ], [ 44475, 44481 ], [ 44484, 44499 ], [ 44503, ...
According to the National Research Council, although the exact details cannot be predicted with certainty, climate change poses serious risks to many of the physical and ecological systems on which society depends. Moreover, according to key scientific assessments, the effects and costs of extreme weather events such a...	[ [ 39700, 39706 ], [ 42182, 42184 ], [ 44244, 44252 ], [ 44579, 44585 ], [ 46861, 46868 ], [ 46871, 46877 ], [ 47438, 47449 ], [ 54441, 54449 ], [ 54981, 54988 ], [ 55496, 55500 ], [ 55506, ...
The MESA Complex at Sandia comprises multiple production facilities and buildings, which total approximately 400,000 square feet (see fig. 1). In particular, the SiFab Facility, completed in 1988, is the primary production facility for microelectronics integrated into nuclear weapons. The SiFab Facility produces applic...	[ [ 28195, 28198 ], [ 32878, 32886 ] ]
Generally, Congress provides budget authority to agencies through the passage of appropriations acts each fiscal year. Appropriations allow agencies to incur obligations and make payments for specified purposes. When an appropriation expires, and a new one is not enacted, a lapse in appropriations, also called a fundin...	[ [ 40522, 40546 ], [ 41286, 41296 ], [ 55765, 55768 ], [ 55848, 55853 ], [ 55875, 55880 ], [ 55969, 55978 ], [ 56176, 56185 ], [ 56311, 56324 ], [ 56472, 56482 ], [ 56594, 56609 ], [ 56618, ...
Several entities are involved with, and pay different prices for, prescription drugs as they move from the manufacturer to the beneficiary (a system referred to as the prescription drug supply chain). In general, manufacturers develop and sell their drugs to wholesalers, and wholesalers then sell the drugs to pharmacie...	[ [ 31264, 31274 ], [ 31310, 31311 ], [ 31330, 31337 ], [ 32789, 32797 ], [ 42987, 42990 ], [ 43181, 43189 ], [ 43203, 43222 ], [ 43541, 43545 ], [ 43612, 43613 ], [ 43676, 43677 ], [ 44024, ...
Cultivating a strong biological defense requires an understanding of a multitude of biological threats. The nature of these threats can be intentional, naturally occurring, or accidental and can be exacerbated by changes in behavior and environment. The vast and evolving biological threat landscape includes threats of ...	[ [ 41438, 41439 ], [ 41750, 41760 ], [ 41781, 41790 ], [ 41821, 41826 ], [ 41830, 41837 ], [ 41854, 41861 ], [ 41864, 41888 ], [ 41903, 41937 ], [ 43051, 43059 ], [ 43119, 43129 ], [ 43136, ...
Drawback refunds are a remittance of up to 99 percent of duties, taxes, or fees previously paid by an importer. CBP makes these refunds on imported goods on which the importer previously paid duties, taxes, or fees, and subsequently exported from the United States or destroyed. (See fig. 1.) According to CBP, the ratio...	[ [ 34070, 34071 ], [ 34226, 34232 ], [ 34245, 34248 ], [ 34252, 34257 ], [ 34293, 34303 ], [ 35004, 35015 ], [ 35022, 35030 ], [ 47873, 47884 ], [ 47907, 47914 ], [ 47938, 47943 ], [ 49666, ...
Trauma or adverse childhood experiences may include physical and sexual abuse, neglect, bullying, community-based violence, extreme poverty, the loss of a parent or primary caretaker, or natural disasters, among other things. These experiences may overwhelm a child’s natural ability to cope and can cause stress reactio...	[ [ 43557, 43559 ], [ 43591, 43601 ] ]
In addition to retirement benefits to older individuals and their families, SSA administers the nation’s largest disability benefit program, the Disability Insurance (DI) program. DI generally pays benefits to individuals if they are unable to work due to qualifying impairments that are expected to last at least 1 year...	[ [ 34245, 34254 ], [ 34470, 34474 ], [ 34742, 34745 ], [ 35502, 35508 ], [ 35527, 35541 ], [ 38917, 38921 ], [ 40791, 40796 ], [ 40825, 40830 ], [ 44375, 44390 ], [ 44827, 44846 ], [ 44855, ...
As described in figure 1, to support U.S. exports, EXIM offers four major types of financing products: direct loans, loan guarantees, export-credit insurance, and working capital guarantees. Regardless of type, EXIM’s financing products generally have one of three maturity periods: Short- term transactions are for less...	[ [ 27386, 27391 ], [ 32343, 32345 ], [ 32428, 32434 ], [ 32440, 32454 ], [ 32463, 32464 ], [ 32570, 32575 ], [ 32616, 32628 ], [ 32732, 32736 ], [ 32790, 32804 ], [ 32807, 32812 ], [ 32815, ...
The Navy oversees the planning and execution of non-nuclear surface ship repair and maintenance through several organizations (see fig. 1), including the following: The Chief of Naval Operations is the senior military officer of the Department of the Navy and is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command,...	[ [ 38652, 38656 ], [ 38678, 38688 ], [ 39711, 39716 ], [ 40005, 40011 ], [ 41475, 41480 ], [ 45365, 45374 ], [ 45584, 45595 ], [ 49431, 49432 ], [ 49433, 49444 ], [ 50954, 50962 ], [ 51280, ...
As SBA’s largest matching grant program, the SBDC Program provides funding to SBDCs to deliver business advising and technical assistance to prospective and existing small businesses. SBDC lead centers manage the program, including submitting annual funding applications. Approximately two-thirds of SBDCs are funded on ...	[ [ 34540, 34548 ], [ 34557, 34566 ], [ 34594, 34606 ], [ 35550, 35560 ], [ 37892, 37901 ], [ 37904, 37913 ], [ 38449, 38461 ], [ 38564, 38582 ], [ 38719, 38725 ], [ 38739, 38749 ], [ 38781, ...
Nursing homes are required to keep residents safe from harm, but when abuse is alleged, a combination of federal, state, and local agencies—as well as the nursing homes themselves—play a role in investigating. Federal laws establish minimum requirements nursing homes must meet to participate in the Medicare and Medicai...	[ [ 33615, 33627 ], [ 33662, 33669 ], [ 33795, 33801 ], [ 35256, 35268 ], [ 35272, 35274 ], [ 35292, 35301 ], [ 35849, 35857 ], [ 35909, 35915 ], [ 38763, 38770 ], [ 42660, 42671 ], [ 42705, ...
The United States historically has maintained close ties to Central America and played a role in the region’s political and economic development because of geographic proximity and common interests. The United States has provided assistance to the governments of Central America, including those of the Northern Triangle...	[ [ 35886, 35887 ], [ 42618, 42623 ], [ 42640, 42651 ], [ 42702, 42710 ], [ 43829, 43838 ], [ 43985, 43991 ], [ 49824, 49829 ], [ 50068, 50071 ], [ 50758, 50766 ], [ 53661, 53670 ], [ 55672, ...
School-age children can access the internet in a number of ways. Their households may subscribe to in-home fixed internet, which is generally provided by cable television or telephone companies. School-age children, and other users, can connect a variety of devices to in-home fixed service through a wired connection or...	[ [ 32581, 32589 ], [ 33765, 33768 ], [ 36050, 36054 ], [ 36904, 36913 ], [ 38530, 38549 ] ]
The majority of Americans receive their health coverage through private health insurance, either by purchasing health coverage directly or receiving coverage through their employer. Many of those with private coverage are enrolled in plans purchased from state-licensed or state- regulated issuers. Others are covered by...	[ [ 34094, 34099 ], [ 35123, 35130 ], [ 36264, 36267 ], [ 43501, 43522 ], [ 43552, 43557 ], [ 45557, 45565 ], [ 45573, 45579 ], [ 47825, 47834 ], [ 55318, 55329 ], [ 55960, 55975 ], [ 55982, ...
In 1903, the War Department under President Theodore Roosevelt established the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, today known as CMP, with the general purpose of promoting the development of marksmanship skills and preparing individuals in the event that they were called upon to serve in the military. ...	[ [ 28782, 28790 ], [ 31145, 31146 ], [ 31202, 31210 ], [ 41810, 41819 ], [ 42234, 42255 ], [ 43053, 43061 ], [ 43063, 43065 ], [ 43068, 43074 ], [ 43082, 43090 ], [ 43091, 43093 ], [ 43181, ...
In 1999, DOE issued a report stating that, based on experience from a decade of planning and conducting cleanup work at the sites for which it is responsible, complete restoration to levels acceptable for unrestricted use could not be accomplished at many of its sites. According to the report, a variety of hazards woul...	[ [ 32085, 32087 ], [ 34517, 34526 ], [ 36036, 36052 ], [ 36067, 36073 ], [ 39347, 39350 ], [ 40758, 40771 ], [ 40791, 40792 ], [ 40812, 40818 ], [ 40823, 40831 ], [ 40866, 40871 ], [ 40876, ...
The U.S. electric grid comprises three distinct functions: generation and storage, transmission, and distribution (see fig. 1). Generation and Storage. Power plants generate electric power by converting energy from other forms—chemical, mechanical (hydroelectric or wind), thermal, radiant energy (solar), or nuclear— in...	[ [ 45661, 45683 ], [ 45694, 45704 ], [ 45717, 45726 ], [ 46190, 46199 ], [ 47151, 47156 ], [ 52509, 52527 ], [ 53994, 54002 ], [ 56403, 56413 ], [ 57543, 57553 ], [ 57564, 57570 ], [ 57576, ...
The NDAA requires DHS to develop and implement 43 border security metrics in four domains—between POEs, at POEs, the maritime border, and air and marine security in the land environment. Within DHS, CBP and the Coast Guard have primary responsibility for border security within these four domains. CBP and its subcompone...	[ [ 40852, 40860 ], [ 40903, 40916 ], [ 40932, 40936 ], [ 40940, 40959 ], [ 40963, 40968 ], [ 48528, 48543 ], [ 48546, 48551 ], [ 48621, 48646 ], [ 48726, 48748 ], [ 48792, 48795 ], [ 49039, ...
The government can choose from a wide selection of contract types to acquire the variety and volume of supplies and services agencies require to meet their needs. Contract types vary according to the degree and timing of the responsibility assumed by the contractor for the costs of performance, and the amount and natur...	[ [ 31780, 31786 ], [ 31806, 31811 ], [ 31814, 31826 ], [ 31827, 31837 ], [ 31868, 31877 ], [ 31882, 31887 ], [ 31895, 31903 ], [ 38414, 38415 ] ]
DOD’s acquisition of weapon system programs has been on our High Risk List since 1990 because DOD programs consistently fall short of cost, schedule, and performance expectations. Congress and DOD have long explored ways to curtail these cost, schedule, and performance problems, and both took related actions about a de...	[ [ 32911, 32921 ], [ 32969, 32975 ], [ 37855, 37859 ], [ 37887, 37899 ], [ 37915, 37930 ], [ 37971, 37980 ], [ 37987, 38006 ], [ 38184, 38196 ], [ 38200, 38207 ], [ 38220, 38229 ], [ 38262, ...
Signed into law on May 9, 2014, the DATA Act expands on previous federal transparency legislation. It requires a greater variety of data related to federal spending by agencies, such as budget and financial information, to be disclosed and agency spending information to be linked to federal program activities so that p...	[ [ 38653, 38666 ], [ 38738, 38749 ], [ 38965, 38975 ], [ 39162, 39163 ], [ 39240, 39246 ], [ 39325, 39336 ], [ 40202, 40230 ], [ 40234, 40244 ], [ 40263, 40275 ], [ 40299, 40301 ], [ 40525, ...
This section provides an overview of (1) the legal framework governing mixed HLW, (2) the status of EM’s IWTU reengineering project, (3) EM’s requirements for capital asset projects and operations activities, (4) DOE’s policy for the review of projects with start-up risks, and (5) our best practices for assessing cost ...	[ [ 28253, 28256 ], [ 29335, 29346 ], [ 30725, 30731 ], [ 30765, 30770 ], [ 30789, 30797 ], [ 30807, 30813 ], [ 30886, 30897 ], [ 30938, 30949 ], [ 41518, 41528 ], [ 49191, 49205 ], [ 50400, ...
In response to the 2014 access crisis, VA launched the MyVA initiative, which was designed to transform the health care experience of veterans. In concert with the MyVA initiative, VA introduced the MyVA Access Declarations in April 2016 with the goal of improving access by providing veterans more control as to how the...	[ [ 28220, 28223 ] ]
The U.S. government implements an export control system to manage risks associated with exporting sensitive items and ensure that legitimate trade can still occur. The export control system is governed by a complex set of laws, regulations, and processes that multiple federal agencies administer to ensure compliance. S...	[ [ 33379, 33385 ], [ 34734, 34745 ], [ 36408, 36412 ], [ 36822, 36823 ], [ 40573, 40578 ], [ 43632, 43644 ], [ 43654, 43673 ], [ 43688, 43695 ], [ 43778, 43788 ], [ 43826, 43831 ], [ 43903, ...
The LDA defines a lobbyist as an individual who is employed or retained by a client for compensation for services that include more than one lobbying contact (written or oral communication to covered officials, such as a high ranking agency official or a Member of Congress made on behalf of a client), and whose lobbyin...	[ [ 29172, 29173 ], [ 31580, 31586 ], [ 31784, 31807 ], [ 31817, 31822 ], [ 31921, 31922 ], [ 31924, 31926 ], [ 31932, 31933 ], [ 31934, 31936 ], [ 35594, 35605 ], [ 36282, 36287 ], [ 36293, ...
VA administers one of the largest health care systems in the United States and is charged, through the VHA, with providing health care services to the nation’s eligible veterans. VHA expects to provide care to more than 7 million veterans in fiscal year 2019 at health care facilities across the country through a system...	[ [ 34378, 34384 ], [ 34388, 34393 ], [ 34400, 34415 ], [ 34431, 34440 ], [ 34532, 34540 ], [ 34559, 34572 ], [ 34732, 34739 ], [ 34765, 34770 ], [ 34778, 34787 ], [ 34793, 34799 ], [ 34806, ...
Schools generally report incidents of restraint and seclusion to their district, and districts are responsible for reporting incidents of restraint and seclusion to Education’s CRDC. Districts are expected to report the number of incidents and the number of students affected for all schools in their district and to use...	[ [ 32915, 32923 ], [ 33161, 33166 ], [ 33170, 33171 ], [ 33270, 33276 ], [ 34005, 34012 ], [ 34424, 34428 ], [ 37045, 37054 ], [ 44559, 44574 ], [ 44577, 44580 ], [ 44646, 44650 ], [ 45823, ...
In January 2018, OMB released (M-18-04) Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines for Federal Departments and Agencies that Administer United States Foreign Assistance (the “Guidelines”) in response to the 2016 FATAA legislation. (See appendix III for additional information on the requirements in the legislation). The Guide...	[ [ 30470, 30478 ], [ 30535, 30537 ], [ 30545, 30556 ], [ 30586, 30606 ], [ 30619, 30624 ], [ 30673, 30675 ], [ 30778, 30779 ] ]
The 22 TCS programs covered by our review varied widely in total donations and number of scholarships awarded. For example, total donations during 2017 ranged from $854,326 in New Hampshire’s program to approximately $623 million in Florida’s largest program (see fig. 1 and app. I). Of the 17 states operating these pro...	[ [ 30698, 30711 ], [ 35634, 35644 ], [ 35763, 35778 ], [ 35922, 35927 ], [ 35959, 35967 ], [ 37267, 37275 ], [ 37388, 37398 ], [ 37401, 37411 ], [ 37440, 37449 ], [ 37847, 37849 ], [ 38074, ...
DHS has 15 components involved in achieving its broad strategic goals of countering terrorism and homeland security threats, securing U.S. borders and sovereignty, securing cyberspace and critical infrastructure, preserving U.S. prosperity and economic security, and strengthening preparedness and resilience. DHS relies...	[ [ 32542, 32554 ], [ 33536, 33538 ], [ 37996, 38007 ], [ 39431, 39434 ], [ 39592, 39601 ], [ 39794, 39804 ], [ 41713, 41719 ], [ 41969, 41973 ], [ 44199, 44206 ], [ 48550, 48561 ], [ 51932, ...
FDA approves reference listed drugs and generic drugs that meet safety and efficacy standards for marketing in the United States. Generic drug companies must show that their drug is (1) the same as the reference listed drug with respect to the active ingredient(s), conditions of use, route of administration, dosage for...	[ [ 27968, 27970 ], [ 32868, 32875 ], [ 32965, 32966 ] ]
A skilled acquisition workforce is vital to maintaining military readiness, increasing the department’s buying power, and achieving substantial long-term savings through activities such as systems engineering and contract administration. As of September 2018, DOD’s civilian acquisition workforce was comprised of about ...	[ [ 29035, 29048 ], [ 37011, 37017 ], [ 37018, 37019 ], [ 37169, 37179 ], [ 37369, 37401 ], [ 37425, 37432 ], [ 37445, 37453 ], [ 37486, 37518 ], [ 37565, 37572 ], [ 37593, 37600 ], [ 37606, ...
To be eligible for the Medicare hospice benefit, an individual must be eligible for Medicare Part A (which covers inpatient care) and be medically certified as having a terminal illness with a life expectancy of 6 months or less if the illness runs it normal course. For individuals to receive care from a Medicare-appro...	[ [ 28894, 28901 ], [ 29130, 29139 ] ]
Depots are government-owned, government-operated industrial installations that maintain, overhaul, and repair a multitude of complex military weapons systems and equipment for DOD. The military services operate 17 depots that perform depot-level maintenance on a wide range of vehicles and other military equipment, incl...	[ [ 35066, 35070 ], [ 35235, 35236 ], [ 35252, 35253 ], [ 35278, 35284 ], [ 35295, 35304 ], [ 35564, 35578 ], [ 39986, 39995 ], [ 40018, 40029 ], [ 42121, 42137 ], [ 42183, 42199 ], [ 42219, ...
Different aviation industry employers have distinct workforce needs and may require workers with specific skillsets depending on the type of work performed. The aviation maintenance workforce includes FAA-certificated mechanics and repairmen, as well as non-certificated workers. FAA-certificated mechanics inspect, serv...	[ [ 27676, 27689 ], [ 27726, 27736 ], [ 27836, 27841 ], [ 28145, 28156 ], [ 28591, 28601 ] ]
OCWR allocates functions among its Board of Directors, Executive Director, and General Counsel (see fig. 1). This organizational structure is largely due to statutory requirements in the CAA. As of February 2019, OCWR had 28 full-time equivalent positions, which includes five part-time board members (counted as one ful...	[ [ 34713, 34723 ] ]
Several bureaus within Interior are responsible for the leasing, permitting, and inspecting of mineral extraction activities on federal lands and waters. Interior’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is responsible for onshore activities and manages approximately 700 million acres of subsurface mineral rights throughout t...	[ [ 32313, 32323 ], [ 32325, 32355 ], [ 32358, 32381 ], [ 32384, 32395 ], [ 32405, 32409 ], [ 36715, 36730 ], [ 41234, 41249 ], [ 44341, 44344 ], [ 44346, 44350 ], [ 44353, 44354 ], [ 44403, ...
Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau are among the smallest countries in the world. In fiscal year 2017, the three FASs had a combined resident population of approximately 175,000 (102,622 in Micronesia; 54,354 in the Marshall Islands; and 17,901 in Palau). Interior’s Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) has primary ...	[ [ 34936, 34940 ], [ 38480, 38496 ], [ 41483, 41487 ], [ 44380, 44384 ], [ 52694, 52705 ], [ 53114, 53119 ], [ 53384, 53411 ], [ 53434, 53441 ], [ 54065, 54071 ], [ 54122, 54136 ], [ 54139, ...
NRC was established by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 and is headed by five commissioners, collectively referred to as the Commission, with members appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. One commissioner is designated by the President to serve as the Chair, who, among other things, serves as the...	[ [ 35826, 35835 ], [ 35838, 35842 ], [ 35855, 35861 ], [ 35867, 35878 ], [ 35887, 35893 ], [ 35898, 35921 ], [ 36011, 36023 ], [ 36038, 36046 ], [ 36065, 36076 ], [ 36130, 36136 ], [ 36344, ...
Within CBP, Border Patrol is responsible for securing U.S. borders and apprehending individuals arriving at the border between ports of entry. Also within CBP, OFO is responsible for inspecting travelers and cargo seeking to enter the United States through ports of entry and encounters or apprehends individuals determi...	[ [ 37290, 37295 ], [ 39470, 39474 ], [ 45131, 45137 ], [ 58506, 58510 ], [ 59575, 59577 ], [ 59856, 59860 ], [ 60635, 60637 ], [ 61562, 61575 ], [ 69609, 69613 ], [ 69656, 69666 ], [ 69684, ...
Throughout history, new technologies have transformed societies. Many technological advances, ranging from the steam engine to electricity and personal computers, have enhanced productivity and improved societal standards of living. At the same time, many technological advancements have led to increases in automation—m...	[ [ 34889, 34900 ], [ 35691, 35695 ], [ 74392, 74395 ], [ 76698, 76702 ], [ 76704, 76705 ], [ 78599, 78604 ], [ 81214, 81226 ], [ 81525, 81535 ], [ 82954, 82967 ], [ 83263, 83272 ], [ 83376, ...
While female participation in the military dates back to the American Revolution, women have formally served in United States military units since 1901 with the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps. The Act of May 14, 1942 authorized the president to establish and organize a Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps for the purpos...	[ [ 26322, 26326 ], [ 39980, 39994 ], [ 40099, 40109 ], [ 40389, 40398 ], [ 40498, 40511 ], [ 40528, 40533 ], [ 40699, 40704 ], [ 40706, 40714 ], [ 47381, 47386 ], [ 52179, 52183 ], [ 52559, ...
U.S. and foreign air carriers have cooperated in a variety of ways to expand their international reach and service offerings. Legal requirements in the United States and other countries prevent mergers between U.S.- owned airlines and foreign owned airlines and also place restrictions on carriers providing end-to-end s...	[ [ 30751, 30760 ], [ 30770, 30771 ], [ 37842, 37847 ], [ 41221, 41233 ], [ 41269, 41272 ], [ 45409, 45410 ], [ 46165, 46169 ], [ 46301, 46307 ], [ 46369, 46375 ], [ 52759, 52766 ] ]
Federal agencies are dependent on computerized (cyber) information systems and electronic data to carry out operations and to process, maintain, and report essential information. Cybersecurity—the security of these systems and data—is vital to public confidence. Ensuring the cybersecurity of the nation, including prote...	[ [ 30563, 30572 ], [ 30584, 30593 ], [ 32620, 32624 ], [ 45471, 45481 ], [ 45496, 45505 ], [ 48291, 48297 ], [ 48778, 48788 ], [ 48995, 49007 ], [ 49126, 49128 ], [ 49224, 49245 ], [ 49258, ...
After it is extracted, natural gas—a colorless, odorless fossil energy source—is stored in three types of underground geologic formations: salt caverns, depleted aquifers, and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Two physical characteristics govern the suitability of each type of geologic formation for storage, including: ...	[ [ 28559, 28561 ], [ 34343, 34354 ], [ 34564, 34576 ], [ 34813, 34816 ], [ 40321, 40322 ], [ 41517, 41522 ], [ 47090, 47095 ], [ 48696, 48699 ], [ 50605, 50616 ], [ 52101, 52121 ], [ 52185, ...
In the primary market, lenders originate mortgage loans to borrowers to purchase homes. To evaluate the creditworthiness of a potential borrower (called underwriting), the lender considers the borrower’s credit scores and history, monthly debts including mortgage payments relative to income (debt-to-income ratio), and ...	[ [ 38891, 38898 ], [ 39733, 39736 ], [ 39737, 39738 ], [ 40170, 40179 ], [ 43238, 43245 ], [ 44974, 44984 ], [ 45069, 45074 ], [ 45103, 45114 ], [ 46067, 46073 ], [ 48750, 48760 ], [ 49631, ...
Many older Americans are retired and rely on different parts of the U.S. retirement system for their financial security. The U.S. retirement system is often described as being composed of Social Security, employer- sponsored pensions and retirement savings plans, and individual savings. In addition, older Americans may...	[ [ 31467, 31473 ], [ 31741, 31743 ], [ 31769, 31772 ], [ 32852, 32862 ], [ 32910, 32919 ], [ 33912, 33915 ], [ 33919, 33924 ], [ 44346, 44354 ], [ 44489, 44496 ], [ 47610, 47622 ], [ 47769, ...
The NHPA requires federal agencies to establish historic preservation programs to ensure the ongoing identification and protection of historic properties. A historic property is any building, structure, object, site, or district listed on or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (National R...	[ [ 36143, 36149 ], [ 36172, 36181 ], [ 36193, 36198 ], [ 37832, 37841 ], [ 46469, 46475 ] ]
Federal policy for rental housing has traditionally focused on assisting low-income households through rental assistance and incentives for the development of housing with below-market rents. In fiscal year 2020, Congress appropriated about $43.9 billion for HUD’s three largest federal rental assistance programs: publi...	[ [ 27652, 27657 ], [ 30912, 30914 ], [ 42010, 42013 ] ]
CERCLA established the Superfund program to clean up contaminated sites to protect human health and the environment from the effects of hazardous substances. CERCLA requires the President to establish procedures and standards for prioritizing and responding to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, and contamina...	[ [ 33842, 33847 ], [ 39466, 39470 ], [ 49009, 49012 ], [ 49173, 49182 ], [ 50734, 50738 ], [ 51887, 51893 ], [ 54613, 54619 ], [ 54831, 54836 ], [ 54837, 54842 ], [ 54852, 54859 ], [ 54962, ...
DOD acquires new weapon systems for its warfighters through a management process known as the Defense Acquisition System. This system is implemented by two key acquisition policies: DOD Directive 5000.01, which establishes the overarching framework for the Defense Acquisition System; and DOD Instruction 5000.02, which ...	[ [ 38425, 38430 ], [ 38535, 38546 ], [ 38638, 38648 ], [ 38712, 38723 ] ]
The Secretary of the Army has the responsibility to recruit personnel, subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs serves as the principal advisor to the Secretary for the Army’s management of its manpower and personn...	[ [ 34923, 34926 ], [ 36650, 36659 ], [ 42514, 42515 ], [ 42732, 42748 ], [ 42947, 42953 ], [ 42991, 42997 ], [ 43014, 43025 ] ]
According to OMB, federal agencies reported that they operated 432 data centers in 1998, 2,094 in July 2010, and 9,995 in August 2016. Operating such a large number of centers has been, and continues to be, a significant cost to the agencies. For example, in 2007, EPA estimated that the annual cost for electricity to o...	[ [ 25031, 25037 ], [ 25065, 25069 ], [ 28679, 28687 ], [ 28749, 28760 ], [ 28761, 28765 ], [ 28768, 28775 ], [ 28789, 28799 ], [ 28829, 28834 ], [ 30772, 30776 ], [ 33527, 33532 ], [ 33538, ...
TAs are significant given their increasing importance to policymakers, and the growing effects of S&T on society, economy, and other areas. While technological changes can be positive, they can also be disruptive. Therefore, it is critical for Congress to be able to understand and evaluate these changes, to ensure, for...	[ [ 32968, 32974 ], [ 36107, 36117 ], [ 38361, 38365 ], [ 41122, 41131 ], [ 41195, 41206 ], [ 41579, 41601 ], [ 41606, 41608 ], [ 41610, 41619 ], [ 41620, 41636 ], [ 41682, 41687 ], [ 42720, ...
The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Act, as amended, is the main federal law governing state child-care programs for low-income working families. The act was reauthorized in 2014, and the reauthorization included a focus on improving the overall quality of child- care services and development of particip...	[ [ 29010, 29019 ], [ 29044, 29065 ], [ 29887, 29899 ], [ 29914, 29924 ], [ 30399, 30408 ], [ 37644, 37649 ], [ 37929, 37939 ], [ 39193, 39203 ], [ 39884, 39893 ], [ 39934, 39935 ], [ 39950, ...
IDEA was enacted to ensure that all children with disabilities have access to a free appropriate public education (FAPE); to protect the rights of those children and their parents; and to assist states, localities, educational service agencies, and federal agencies in educating those children. Part C of IDEA provides g...	[ [ 45206, 45215 ], [ 45610, 45618 ], [ 45625, 45637 ], [ 48672, 48684 ] ]
The Coast Guard has 11 statutory missions, which are divided into homeland security and non-homeland security missions (see appendix II). The Coast Guard’s units that conduct operations to achieve its statutory missions are organized into shore-based forces such as boat stations, maritime patrol forces such as cutters ...	[ [ 36635, 36636 ], [ 36798, 36804 ], [ 36812, 36813 ], [ 36856, 36858 ] ]
Under the APA, agencies engage in three basic phases of the rulemaking process: they initiate rulemaking actions, develop proposed rulemaking actions, and develop final rulemaking actions. Built into agencies’ rulemaking processes are opportunities for internal and external deliberations, reviews, and public comments. ...	[ [ 39292, 39298 ], [ 39339, 39342 ], [ 42067, 42072 ], [ 42935, 42937 ], [ 42947, 42955 ], [ 43831, 43835 ], [ 45729, 45736 ], [ 46747, 46750 ], [ 46826, 46829 ], [ 47774, 47778 ], [ 49819, ...
Local educational agencies (referred to in this report as school districts or districts) receive funding for education primarily from state and local sources. School districts can typically use this funding for a wide range of purposes, including school maintenance and operations. Maintenance may include routine replac...	[ [ 28415, 28425 ], [ 30460, 30471 ], [ 30530, 30536 ], [ 36863, 36865 ], [ 37387, 37391 ], [ 37867, 37874 ], [ 42096, 42108 ], [ 42465, 42476 ], [ 50694, 50697 ], [ 52923, 52926 ], [ 52942, ...
CBP is the nation’s largest federal law enforcement agency. CBP’s Border Patrol and AMO are the uniformed law enforcement arms responsible for securing U.S. borders between ports of entry in the air, land, and maritime environments. Border Patrol has primary responsibility for securing U.S. land borders between ports o...	[ [ 31078, 31087 ], [ 31745, 31766 ], [ 36148, 36170 ], [ 47099, 47102 ], [ 47667, 47668 ], [ 47678, 47689 ], [ 47822, 47833 ], [ 48784, 48785 ], [ 48801, 48824 ], [ 48842, 48851 ], [ 49071, ...
In 2017, transit agencies provided over 10 billion rides to people traveling to and from businesses, homes, and other locations throughout the United States, according to FTA. Transit infrastructure for those rides includes railways, roads, bridges, tunnels, and stations. According to the 2017 American Public Transport...	[ [ 34479, 34480 ], [ 34827, 34838 ], [ 34841, 34851 ], [ 37619, 37640 ], [ 37930, 37934 ], [ 37963, 37984 ], [ 38115, 38122 ] ]
Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) An ITIN is a tax processing number issued by IRS to individuals who are required to have a U.S. taxpayer identification number but who do not have and are not eligible to obtain a Social Security number from the Social Security Administration. IRS issues ITINs to help in...	[ [ 24033, 24040 ], [ 32552, 32553 ], [ 38597, 38604 ], [ 51465, 51472 ], [ 51483, 51484 ], [ 51490, 51499 ], [ 51566, 51574 ], [ 51798, 51810 ], [ 51813, 51838 ], [ 51849, 51856 ], [ 51875, ...
The military retirement system is a government-funded benefit system that has historically been considered a significant incentive in recruiting and retaining a voluntary, career military force. Until recently, almost all active-duty servicemembers were enrolled in the High-3 (legacy) retirement system. In this system,...	[ [ 34081, 34092 ], [ 34306, 34313 ], [ 40016, 40027 ], [ 40261, 40286 ], [ 40302, 40311 ], [ 40903, 40910 ], [ 44786, 44795 ], [ 45234, 45243 ], [ 45960, 45986 ], [ 47729, 47739 ], [ 47926, ...
In the United States, authority to regulate elections is shared by federal, state, and local officials. Congressional authority to regulate elections derives from various constitutional sources, depending on the type of election. In addition, Congress has passed legislation in major functional areas of the voting proce...	[ [ 38606, 38621 ], [ 38741, 38748 ], [ 45982, 45989 ], [ 48510, 48525 ], [ 48528, 48544 ], [ 48551, 48563 ], [ 48583, 48592 ], [ 48593, 48603 ], [ 48624, 48628 ], [ 48631, 48639 ], [ 48654, ...
Most communities in the nation experience some kind of flooding, which may occur after substantial spring rains, heavy thunderstorms, winter snow thaws, or heavy storms over a large body of water. Flood risk management includes the appropriate use of structures such as levees and floodwalls, as well as nonstructural me...	[ [ 45717, 45723 ] ]
According to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs report concerning PMIAA, the purpose of PMIAA is to improve program and project management in certain larger federal agencies. The act includes requirements for OMB, OPM, and the 24 agencies listed in the CFO Act. PMIAA requires OMB’s Deput...	[ [ 29279, 29291 ], [ 29415, 29425 ], [ 35578, 35582 ], [ 35662, 35664 ], [ 35767, 35774 ], [ 40899, 40903 ], [ 44089, 44095 ], [ 44120, 44128 ], [ 44148, 44157 ], [ 44159, 44163 ], [ 44167, ...
On September 6, 2017, the eye of Hurricane Irma traveled about 50 nautical miles to the north of the northern shore of Puerto Rico as a category 5 hurricane. Less than two weeks later, Hurricane Maria made landfall as a category 4 hurricane on the main island of Puerto Rico on the morning of September 20, 2017, with wi...	[ [ 27712, 27714 ], [ 32392, 32396 ], [ 35551, 35561 ], [ 35562, 35563 ], [ 35570, 35580 ], [ 35582, 35591 ], [ 35654, 35660 ], [ 35666, 35674 ], [ 40080, 40092 ], [ 45906, 45929 ], [ 47077, ...
GSA’s existing government-wide telecommunications program is called Networx. As part of this program, in 2007 GSA awarded two sets of Networx contracts, which had an estimated combined value of $20 billion. These sets of contracts had differing characteristics: GSA awarded Networx Universal contracts to AT&T, Verizon B...	[ [ 28675, 28678 ], [ 37867, 37878 ], [ 46946, 46955 ], [ 46972, 46981 ], [ 48974, 48985 ], [ 52525, 52526 ], [ 54887, 54888 ], [ 58671, 58692 ], [ 59891, 59892 ], [ 59893, 59894 ], [ 59931, ...
State reviews and approves FMS purchases, while DOD is responsible for program implementation. DSCA administers the FMS program for DOD, including exercising financial management responsibilities for the FMS trust fund, and DFAS provides DSCA’s accounting services for FMS. Additionally, various other DOD components hav...	[ [ 30718, 30726 ], [ 30955, 30961 ], [ 31590, 31591 ], [ 33856, 33860 ], [ 34132, 34142 ], [ 34172, 34181 ], [ 34249, 34260 ], [ 34638, 34646 ] ]
Federal agencies conduct a variety of activities related to animal research. These activities include: funding intramural research conducted by agency personnel at federal facilities; funding extramural research conducted by universities, industrial firms, and other nonfederal entities through contracts, grants, or coo...	[ [ 39402, 39410 ], [ 39420, 39428 ], [ 45751, 45755 ], [ 45824, 45832 ], [ 45963, 45967 ], [ 45996, 46016 ], [ 46168, 46177 ], [ 48277, 48280 ], [ 48575, 48585 ], [ 50556, 50568 ], [ 50639, ...
The Secret Service’s primary responsibility is to physically protect the President, Vice President, their immediate families, and visiting foreign dignitaries as well as the White House complex. The Office of Protective Operations is the principal office responsible for providing protection. Within the Office of Protec...	[ [ 39060, 39067 ], [ 39079, 39091 ], [ 39119, 39131 ], [ 39136, 39142 ], [ 39591, 39606 ], [ 39617, 39624 ], [ 39652, 39660 ], [ 39667, 39705 ], [ 39863, 39872 ], [ 39899, 39905 ], [ 39912, ...
In February of each year, the President submits the budget request for VHA health care, which includes requested funding for the upcoming fiscal year as well as an advance appropriation request to Congress. VHA allocates funds by the beginning of each fiscal year—October 1—to VISNs and medical centers based on the amou...	[ [ 33200, 33201 ], [ 33210, 33213 ], [ 33215, 33216 ], [ 33228, 33237 ], [ 33270, 33271 ], [ 33476, 33498 ], [ 33499, 33506 ], [ 33513, 33525 ], [ 33538, 33548 ], [ 33750, 33764 ], [ 33807, ...
Data from CDC’s 2015 NISVS indicate that about 43.6 million women (36.4 percent) and 37.3 million men (33.6 percent) in the United States have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and stalking by an intimate partner. Approximately 21.4 percent of women and 14.9 percent of men in the United States experienced...	[ [ 33964, 33967 ], [ 37307, 37321 ], [ 37652, 37657 ], [ 37691, 37702 ], [ 37727, 37731 ], [ 37809, 37823 ] ]
In most cases, a noncitizen must be a LPR to enlist in the U.S. Armed Forces. Special provisions of the INA authorize the naturalization of current and recently discharged service members. Qualifying military service includes active or reserve service in the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, or ser...	[ [ 25637, 25645 ], [ 28764, 28768 ], [ 31071, 31084 ], [ 31108, 31109 ], [ 32411, 32422 ], [ 32429, 32439 ], [ 32482, 32490 ], [ 32516, 32518 ], [ 32776, 32778 ], [ 33622, 33632 ], [ 36847, ...
The purposes of TRIA are to (1) protect consumers by addressing market disruptions and ensuring the continued widespread availability and affordability of commercial property/casualty insurance for terrorism risk; and (2) allow for a transitional period for the private markets to stabilize, resume pricing of such insur...	[ [ 36948, 36949 ], [ 39833, 39834 ], [ 40045, 40050 ], [ 41097, 41104 ], [ 42446, 42455 ], [ 43226, 43237 ], [ 43244, 43255 ], [ 43267, 43301 ], [ 43516, 43521 ], [ 43555, 43575 ], [ 43717, ...
When complete, JWST will be a large, deployable space telescope, optimized for infrared observations. It is the scientific successor to the aging Hubble Space Telescope launched 29 years ago. JWST is being designed for a 5-year mission to find the first stars, study planets in other solar systems, search for the buildi...	[ [ 32661, 32663 ], [ 33170, 33178 ], [ 36377, 36388 ], [ 36751, 36761 ], [ 38776, 38788 ], [ 38797, 38803 ], [ 39126, 39131 ] ]
VA pays monthly disability compensation to veterans with disabling conditions caused or aggravated by their military service. The benefit is based on an average reduction in earning capacity across a group of individuals with similar physical or mental impairments. Disability compensation is generally paid according to...	[ [ 33483, 33490 ], [ 33538, 33556 ], [ 43324, 43331 ], [ 46363, 46395 ], [ 46514, 46526 ], [ 46694, 46695 ], [ 46698, 46699 ], [ 50531, 50545 ] ]
FAA is responsible for overseeing and authorizing any flight operations in the national airspace system for both manned and unmanned aircraft. FAA’s UAS Integration Office, located in the Office of Aviation Safety, seeks to integrate UAS operations into the national airspace system while ensuring the safety of the publ...	[ [ 33765, 33771 ], [ 36015, 36023 ], [ 38160, 38170 ], [ 38179, 38186 ], [ 38244, 38246 ], [ 38572, 38578 ], [ 39527, 39540 ], [ 40662, 40670 ], [ 44555, 44558 ], [ 54319, 54342 ], [ 54354, ...
The U.S. government supports various types of democracy assistance, which State and USAID categorize under their democracy, human rights, and governance portfolios. State and USAID use the Updated Foreign Assistance Standardized Program Structure and Definitions to categorize democracy assistance activities in six prog...	[ [ 30820, 30829 ], [ 30936, 30939 ], [ 30943, 30945 ], [ 30966, 30973 ], [ 31023, 31031 ], [ 31130, 31131 ], [ 40477, 40493 ], [ 40504, 40551 ], [ 40552, 40556 ], [ 40642, 40654 ], [ 40660, ...
Like all DOD working capital funds, the DWWCF received its initial working capital through an appropriation or a transfer of amounts from existing appropriations to finance the initial cost of products or services. Ongoing DWWCF operations and maintenance of a minimum cash balance are funded through reimbursements to t...	[ [ 28690, 28695 ], [ 33373, 33377 ], [ 33388, 33399 ], [ 33628, 33635 ], [ 40874, 40883 ], [ 41075, 41082 ], [ 41175, 41176 ], [ 41177, 41207 ], [ 43309, 43315 ], [ 43327, 43335 ], [ 43352, ...
Antibiotics are drugs that work by killing bacteria or slowing their growth. However, some bacteria have developed ways to resist the effects of antibiotics, for example, by preventing antibiotics from entering the cell or pumping them out after the antibiotic enters. Bacteria that are able to survive in the presence o...	[ [ 46401, 46408 ], [ 46442, 46456 ], [ 46468, 46488 ], [ 46513, 46520 ], [ 46544, 46558 ], [ 46604, 46614 ], [ 46676, 46686 ], [ 46700, 46707 ], [ 51472, 51478 ], [ 60206, 60211 ], [ 61170, ...
Federal law and regulations require that contractors receiving a contract with a value greater than the simplified acquisition threshold must ensure that small businesses have the “maximum practical opportunity” to receive subcontracting work. In addition, a prospective contractor generally must submit a subcontracting...	[ [ 28341, 28352 ], [ 36015, 36019 ], [ 39578, 39580 ], [ 41392, 41398 ], [ 48635, 48645 ], [ 48818, 48832 ], [ 48972, 48984 ], [ 49343, 49350 ], [ 49388, 49400 ], [ 49520, 49531 ], [ 49588, ...
VA, through VHA, operates the nation’s largest integrated health care system. At the local level, VA has 172 VA medical centers that are organized into 18 Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISN). At the national level, VHA’s central office includes approximately 75 national program offices as of October 2019, which...	[ [ 37252, 37256 ], [ 38445, 38454 ], [ 40565, 40572 ], [ 40597, 40603 ], [ 45097, 45108 ], [ 50212, 50215 ], [ 50315, 50317 ], [ 50323, 50328 ], [ 50455, 50459 ] ]
States have three options for designing their CHIP programs: Medicaid expansion CHIP, separate CHIP, and combination CHIP. Medicaid expansion CHIP. States may operate CHIP as an extension of their Medicaid programs. Under Medicaid expansion CHIP, states expand income eligibility levels for children beyond those of the ...	[ [ 29474, 29478 ], [ 29489, 29506 ], [ 29509, 29516 ], [ 29565, 29571 ], [ 29577, 29584 ], [ 29642, 29655 ], [ 29669, 29693 ], [ 29762, 29771 ], [ 29781, 29787 ], [ 29800, 29810 ], [ 29811, ...
Explosives include high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Propellants and pyrotechnics are sometimes referred to as low explosives. All three types of explosives serve essential functions in nuclear weapons. Figure 1 illustrates key explosive-containing components found in a generic nuclear weapon as well as t...	[ [ 27556, 27559 ], [ 30029, 30035 ], [ 35800, 35801 ], [ 36858, 36861 ], [ 36865, 36870 ], [ 40498, 40503 ], [ 42578, 42589 ], [ 42612, 42621 ], [ 43140, 43150 ], [ 47351, 47361 ], [ 47366, ...
Our experience has shown that the key elements needed to make progress in high-risk areas are top-level attention by the administration and agency leaders grounded in the five criteria for removal from the High-Risk List, as well as any needed congressional action. The five criteria for removal that we issued in Novemb...	[ [ 35148, 35149 ], [ 43673, 43683 ], [ 43692, 43702 ], [ 44415, 44418 ], [ 48187, 48198 ], [ 48231, 48264 ], [ 48289, 48298 ], [ 62245, 62256 ], [ 62263, 62276 ], [ 68762, 68771 ], [ 70910, ...
DOD describes military commissions as a form of military tribunal convened to try individuals for unlawful conduct associated with war. According to DOD, military commissions—as they came to be known in the 19th century—were preceded by military tribunals during previous conflicts, beginning from the Revolutionary War....	[ [ 27421, 27427 ], [ 37386, 37394 ], [ 37757, 37761 ], [ 42104, 42111 ], [ 42510, 42516 ], [ 42990, 42999 ], [ 43940, 43942 ], [ 43943, 43950 ], [ 47694, 47701 ], [ 48114, 48124 ], [ 49030, ...

In our prior work, we have found that technological innovation involves not only creating new ideas but also translating those ideas into a new product or service. Innovation, and the research driving it, is inherently risky because the likelihood that research can be translated into a product or service and the ultima...

[ [ 28607, 28610 ], [ 29326, 29330 ], [ 43424, 43435 ], [ 45478, 45489 ], [ 45512, 45515 ], [ 50726, 50734 ], [ 50750, 50757 ], [ 50782, 50808 ], [ 54778, 54781 ], [ 57088, 57094 ], [ 57541, ...

A variety of federal laws, regulations, and policies establish requirements and guidance for EPA to follow when appointing members to serve on advisory committees. For example, one purpose of FACA is to ensure that uniform procedures govern the establishment and operation of advisory committees. Also under FACA, an age...

[ [ 36457, 36467 ], [ 36536, 36542 ], [ 36557, 36561 ], [ 36596, 36597 ], [ 36600, 36612 ], [ 36666, 36670 ], [ 37462, 37465 ], [ 38904, 38907 ], [ 41865, 41872 ], [ 43135, 43137 ], [ 44885, ...

Foreign students interested in studying in the United States must first be admitted to an SEVP-certified school or university before applying for a nonimmigrant visa at a U.S. embassy or consulate overseas to authorize travel to the United States. A visa holder must present himself or herself for inspection at a U.S. p...

[ [ 29905, 29908 ], [ 29938, 29941 ], [ 29980, 29983 ], [ 30010, 30027 ], [ 30062, 30089 ], [ 30106, 30109 ], [ 30130, 30137 ], [ 30145, 30156 ], [ 30157, 30167 ], [ 31761, 31768 ], [ 34768, ...

Zika is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito but can also be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy or from person to person through sexual contact or blood transfusion. The disease can cause symptoms that include fever, rash, conjunctivitis (“pink eye” where the eyes appear re...

[ [ 38356, 38364 ], [ 38368, 38372 ], [ 38652, 38660 ], [ 38674, 38678 ], [ 38725, 38733 ], [ 39405, 39407 ], [ 39583, 39587 ], [ 39869, 39878 ], [ 41484, 41487 ], [ 41501, 41508 ], [ 41519, ...

Prevalence of Forced Labor in Thailand A 2020 report by the United Nation’s International Labor Organization included research on hundreds of Thai workers employed on seafood vessels or in processing facilities. The report found that nearly 10 percent of interviewees shared circumstances of involuntary work and coercio...

[ [ 34406, 34416 ], [ 35074, 35081 ], [ 37970, 37977 ], [ 37980, 37988 ], [ 37995, 37998 ], [ 38032, 38053 ], [ 38058, 38066 ], [ 38153, 38164 ], [ 38192, 38197 ], [ 38213, 38218 ], [ 39711, ...

SOCOM has a unique structure and responsibilities in that it has both combatant command responsibilities and military service-like functions for organizing, training, and equipping SOF. Under sections 164 and 167 of Title 10, United States Code, the SOCOM commander is responsible for training and ensuring the combat re...

[ [ 28578, 28581 ], [ 39574, 39575 ], [ 39584, 39585 ], [ 39619, 39630 ], [ 39811, 39820 ], [ 39864, 39868 ], [ 39882, 39896 ], [ 39962, 39976 ], [ 39980, 39988 ], [ 40003, 40013 ] ]

Two State entities play key roles in education assistance in the West Bank and Gaza—State’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) and State’s U.S. Consulate General in Jerusalem (State/ConGen). State/PRM has an important role in funding and overseeing education assistance provided by UNRWA in the We...

[ [ 26231, 26234 ], [ 28206, 28218 ], [ 31625, 31629 ], [ 31636, 31637 ], [ 32229, 32235 ], [ 32263, 32271 ], [ 32308, 32320 ], [ 32323, 32327 ], [ 32373, 32384 ], [ 32423, 32429 ], [ 36841, ...

TSA is the primary federal agency responsible for implementing and overseeing the security of the nation’s civil aviation system and is responsible for ensuring that all passengers and property transported by commercial passenger aircraft to, from, within, or overflying the United States are adequately screened. Specif...

[ [ 44490, 44498 ], [ 44503, 44505 ], [ 45350, 45351 ], [ 46670, 46675 ], [ 57728, 57730 ], [ 57735, 57743 ], [ 58120, 58133 ], [ 59943, 59961 ], [ 59969, 59979 ], [ 59984, 59993 ], [ 59997, ...

State and local governments rely on a range of revenue sources to support their activities, including federal grants, user charges, and taxes. The share of revenue generated from different types of state and local taxes and user charges—also referred to as own-source revenue—varies by state or local government. State a...

[ [ 41133, 41146 ], [ 41576, 41577 ], [ 42636, 42637 ], [ 42656, 42657 ], [ 44603, 44612 ], [ 45464, 45471 ], [ 46475, 46484 ], [ 46565, 46571 ], [ 46629, 46637 ], [ 46843, 46850 ], [ 46876, ...

The number of AI/AN veterans eligible for both VA and IHS services is unknown. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates that in 2017 approximately 141,000 AI/AN individuals identified themselves as veterans. This estimate includes only individuals who identified as AI/AN alone and not in combination with another racial group. ...

[ [ 25869, 25880 ], [ 25918, 25927 ], [ 32374, 32384 ], [ 39266, 39267 ], [ 39268, 39269 ], [ 39270, 39271 ], [ 39274, 39277 ], [ 39320, 39327 ], [ 41196, 41204 ], [ 41498, 41513 ], [ 41709, ...

The Kingpin Act authorizes Treasury to identify and apply sanctions to significant foreign narcotics traffickers and their organizations worldwide to protect the national security and economy of the United States. According to officials from OFAC and other partner agencies, key goals of the Kingpin Act include disrupti...

[ [ 30229, 30231 ], [ 34906, 34922 ], [ 35017, 35030 ], [ 37494, 37498 ], [ 45621, 45625 ], [ 47076, 47084 ], [ 48171, 48180 ], [ 49135, 49146 ], [ 49940, 49948 ], [ 50851, 50852 ], [ 53138, ...

USPS has the mission of providing prompt, reliable, and efficient universal postal service, and federal law requires USPS to “provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people.” USPS is required to serve, as nearly as practicable, ...

[ [ 27261, 27269 ], [ 39580, 39581 ], [ 39811, 39813 ], [ 40286, 40294 ], [ 40385, 40389 ], [ 42495, 42502 ], [ 44391, 44397 ], [ 44419, 44425 ], [ 44475, 44481 ], [ 44484, 44499 ], [ 44503, ...

According to the National Research Council, although the exact details cannot be predicted with certainty, climate change poses serious risks to many of the physical and ecological systems on which society depends. Moreover, according to key scientific assessments, the effects and costs of extreme weather events such a...

[ [ 39700, 39706 ], [ 42182, 42184 ], [ 44244, 44252 ], [ 44579, 44585 ], [ 46861, 46868 ], [ 46871, 46877 ], [ 47438, 47449 ], [ 54441, 54449 ], [ 54981, 54988 ], [ 55496, 55500 ], [ 55506, ...

The MESA Complex at Sandia comprises multiple production facilities and buildings, which total approximately 400,000 square feet (see fig. 1). In particular, the SiFab Facility, completed in 1988, is the primary production facility for microelectronics integrated into nuclear weapons. The SiFab Facility produces applic...

[ [ 28195, 28198 ], [ 32878, 32886 ] ]

Generally, Congress provides budget authority to agencies through the passage of appropriations acts each fiscal year. Appropriations allow agencies to incur obligations and make payments for specified purposes. When an appropriation expires, and a new one is not enacted, a lapse in appropriations, also called a fundin...

[ [ 40522, 40546 ], [ 41286, 41296 ], [ 55765, 55768 ], [ 55848, 55853 ], [ 55875, 55880 ], [ 55969, 55978 ], [ 56176, 56185 ], [ 56311, 56324 ], [ 56472, 56482 ], [ 56594, 56609 ], [ 56618, ...

Several entities are involved with, and pay different prices for, prescription drugs as they move from the manufacturer to the beneficiary (a system referred to as the prescription drug supply chain). In general, manufacturers develop and sell their drugs to wholesalers, and wholesalers then sell the drugs to pharmacie...

[ [ 31264, 31274 ], [ 31310, 31311 ], [ 31330, 31337 ], [ 32789, 32797 ], [ 42987, 42990 ], [ 43181, 43189 ], [ 43203, 43222 ], [ 43541, 43545 ], [ 43612, 43613 ], [ 43676, 43677 ], [ 44024, ...

Cultivating a strong biological defense requires an understanding of a multitude of biological threats. The nature of these threats can be intentional, naturally occurring, or accidental and can be exacerbated by changes in behavior and environment. The vast and evolving biological threat landscape includes threats of ...

[ [ 41438, 41439 ], [ 41750, 41760 ], [ 41781, 41790 ], [ 41821, 41826 ], [ 41830, 41837 ], [ 41854, 41861 ], [ 41864, 41888 ], [ 41903, 41937 ], [ 43051, 43059 ], [ 43119, 43129 ], [ 43136, ...

Drawback refunds are a remittance of up to 99 percent of duties, taxes, or fees previously paid by an importer. CBP makes these refunds on imported goods on which the importer previously paid duties, taxes, or fees, and subsequently exported from the United States or destroyed. (See fig. 1.) According to CBP, the ratio...

[ [ 34070, 34071 ], [ 34226, 34232 ], [ 34245, 34248 ], [ 34252, 34257 ], [ 34293, 34303 ], [ 35004, 35015 ], [ 35022, 35030 ], [ 47873, 47884 ], [ 47907, 47914 ], [ 47938, 47943 ], [ 49666, ...

Trauma or adverse childhood experiences may include physical and sexual abuse, neglect, bullying, community-based violence, extreme poverty, the loss of a parent or primary caretaker, or natural disasters, among other things. These experiences may overwhelm a child’s natural ability to cope and can cause stress reactio...

[ [ 43557, 43559 ], [ 43591, 43601 ] ]

In addition to retirement benefits to older individuals and their families, SSA administers the nation’s largest disability benefit program, the Disability Insurance (DI) program. DI generally pays benefits to individuals if they are unable to work due to qualifying impairments that are expected to last at least 1 year...

[ [ 34245, 34254 ], [ 34470, 34474 ], [ 34742, 34745 ], [ 35502, 35508 ], [ 35527, 35541 ], [ 38917, 38921 ], [ 40791, 40796 ], [ 40825, 40830 ], [ 44375, 44390 ], [ 44827, 44846 ], [ 44855, ...

As described in figure 1, to support U.S. exports, EXIM offers four major types of financing products: direct loans, loan guarantees, export-credit insurance, and working capital guarantees. Regardless of type, EXIM’s financing products generally have one of three maturity periods: Short- term transactions are for less...

[ [ 27386, 27391 ], [ 32343, 32345 ], [ 32428, 32434 ], [ 32440, 32454 ], [ 32463, 32464 ], [ 32570, 32575 ], [ 32616, 32628 ], [ 32732, 32736 ], [ 32790, 32804 ], [ 32807, 32812 ], [ 32815, ...

The Navy oversees the planning and execution of non-nuclear surface ship repair and maintenance through several organizations (see fig. 1), including the following: The Chief of Naval Operations is the senior military officer of the Department of the Navy and is responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the command,...

[ [ 38652, 38656 ], [ 38678, 38688 ], [ 39711, 39716 ], [ 40005, 40011 ], [ 41475, 41480 ], [ 45365, 45374 ], [ 45584, 45595 ], [ 49431, 49432 ], [ 49433, 49444 ], [ 50954, 50962 ], [ 51280, ...

As SBA’s largest matching grant program, the SBDC Program provides funding to SBDCs to deliver business advising and technical assistance to prospective and existing small businesses. SBDC lead centers manage the program, including submitting annual funding applications. Approximately two-thirds of SBDCs are funded on ...

[ [ 34540, 34548 ], [ 34557, 34566 ], [ 34594, 34606 ], [ 35550, 35560 ], [ 37892, 37901 ], [ 37904, 37913 ], [ 38449, 38461 ], [ 38564, 38582 ], [ 38719, 38725 ], [ 38739, 38749 ], [ 38781, ...

Nursing homes are required to keep residents safe from harm, but when abuse is alleged, a combination of federal, state, and local agencies—as well as the nursing homes themselves—play a role in investigating. Federal laws establish minimum requirements nursing homes must meet to participate in the Medicare and Medicai...

[ [ 33615, 33627 ], [ 33662, 33669 ], [ 33795, 33801 ], [ 35256, 35268 ], [ 35272, 35274 ], [ 35292, 35301 ], [ 35849, 35857 ], [ 35909, 35915 ], [ 38763, 38770 ], [ 42660, 42671 ], [ 42705, ...

The United States historically has maintained close ties to Central America and played a role in the region’s political and economic development because of geographic proximity and common interests. The United States has provided assistance to the governments of Central America, including those of the Northern Triangle...

[ [ 35886, 35887 ], [ 42618, 42623 ], [ 42640, 42651 ], [ 42702, 42710 ], [ 43829, 43838 ], [ 43985, 43991 ], [ 49824, 49829 ], [ 50068, 50071 ], [ 50758, 50766 ], [ 53661, 53670 ], [ 55672, ...

School-age children can access the internet in a number of ways. Their households may subscribe to in-home fixed internet, which is generally provided by cable television or telephone companies. School-age children, and other users, can connect a variety of devices to in-home fixed service through a wired connection or...

[ [ 32581, 32589 ], [ 33765, 33768 ], [ 36050, 36054 ], [ 36904, 36913 ], [ 38530, 38549 ] ]

The majority of Americans receive their health coverage through private health insurance, either by purchasing health coverage directly or receiving coverage through their employer. Many of those with private coverage are enrolled in plans purchased from state-licensed or state- regulated issuers. Others are covered by...

[ [ 34094, 34099 ], [ 35123, 35130 ], [ 36264, 36267 ], [ 43501, 43522 ], [ 43552, 43557 ], [ 45557, 45565 ], [ 45573, 45579 ], [ 47825, 47834 ], [ 55318, 55329 ], [ 55960, 55975 ], [ 55982, ...

In 1903, the War Department under President Theodore Roosevelt established the National Board for the Promotion of Rifle Practice, today known as CMP, with the general purpose of promoting the development of marksmanship skills and preparing individuals in the event that they were called upon to serve in the military. ...

[ [ 28782, 28790 ], [ 31145, 31146 ], [ 31202, 31210 ], [ 41810, 41819 ], [ 42234, 42255 ], [ 43053, 43061 ], [ 43063, 43065 ], [ 43068, 43074 ], [ 43082, 43090 ], [ 43091, 43093 ], [ 43181, ...

In 1999, DOE issued a report stating that, based on experience from a decade of planning and conducting cleanup work at the sites for which it is responsible, complete restoration to levels acceptable for unrestricted use could not be accomplished at many of its sites. According to the report, a variety of hazards woul...

[ [ 32085, 32087 ], [ 34517, 34526 ], [ 36036, 36052 ], [ 36067, 36073 ], [ 39347, 39350 ], [ 40758, 40771 ], [ 40791, 40792 ], [ 40812, 40818 ], [ 40823, 40831 ], [ 40866, 40871 ], [ 40876, ...

The U.S. electric grid comprises three distinct functions: generation and storage, transmission, and distribution (see fig. 1). Generation and Storage. Power plants generate electric power by converting energy from other forms—chemical, mechanical (hydroelectric or wind), thermal, radiant energy (solar), or nuclear— in...

[ [ 45661, 45683 ], [ 45694, 45704 ], [ 45717, 45726 ], [ 46190, 46199 ], [ 47151, 47156 ], [ 52509, 52527 ], [ 53994, 54002 ], [ 56403, 56413 ], [ 57543, 57553 ], [ 57564, 57570 ], [ 57576, ...

The NDAA requires DHS to develop and implement 43 border security metrics in four domains—between POEs, at POEs, the maritime border, and air and marine security in the land environment. Within DHS, CBP and the Coast Guard have primary responsibility for border security within these four domains. CBP and its subcompone...

[ [ 40852, 40860 ], [ 40903, 40916 ], [ 40932, 40936 ], [ 40940, 40959 ], [ 40963, 40968 ], [ 48528, 48543 ], [ 48546, 48551 ], [ 48621, 48646 ], [ 48726, 48748 ], [ 48792, 48795 ], [ 49039, ...

The government can choose from a wide selection of contract types to acquire the variety and volume of supplies and services agencies require to meet their needs. Contract types vary according to the degree and timing of the responsibility assumed by the contractor for the costs of performance, and the amount and natur...

[ [ 31780, 31786 ], [ 31806, 31811 ], [ 31814, 31826 ], [ 31827, 31837 ], [ 31868, 31877 ], [ 31882, 31887 ], [ 31895, 31903 ], [ 38414, 38415 ] ]

DOD’s acquisition of weapon system programs has been on our High Risk List since 1990 because DOD programs consistently fall short of cost, schedule, and performance expectations. Congress and DOD have long explored ways to curtail these cost, schedule, and performance problems, and both took related actions about a de...

[ [ 32911, 32921 ], [ 32969, 32975 ], [ 37855, 37859 ], [ 37887, 37899 ], [ 37915, 37930 ], [ 37971, 37980 ], [ 37987, 38006 ], [ 38184, 38196 ], [ 38200, 38207 ], [ 38220, 38229 ], [ 38262, ...

Signed into law on May 9, 2014, the DATA Act expands on previous federal transparency legislation. It requires a greater variety of data related to federal spending by agencies, such as budget and financial information, to be disclosed and agency spending information to be linked to federal program activities so that p...

[ [ 38653, 38666 ], [ 38738, 38749 ], [ 38965, 38975 ], [ 39162, 39163 ], [ 39240, 39246 ], [ 39325, 39336 ], [ 40202, 40230 ], [ 40234, 40244 ], [ 40263, 40275 ], [ 40299, 40301 ], [ 40525, ...

This section provides an overview of (1) the legal framework governing mixed HLW, (2) the status of EM’s IWTU reengineering project, (3) EM’s requirements for capital asset projects and operations activities, (4) DOE’s policy for the review of projects with start-up risks, and (5) our best practices for assessing cost ...

[ [ 28253, 28256 ], [ 29335, 29346 ], [ 30725, 30731 ], [ 30765, 30770 ], [ 30789, 30797 ], [ 30807, 30813 ], [ 30886, 30897 ], [ 30938, 30949 ], [ 41518, 41528 ], [ 49191, 49205 ], [ 50400, ...

In response to the 2014 access crisis, VA launched the MyVA initiative, which was designed to transform the health care experience of veterans. In concert with the MyVA initiative, VA introduced the MyVA Access Declarations in April 2016 with the goal of improving access by providing veterans more control as to how the...

[ [ 28220, 28223 ] ]

The U.S. government implements an export control system to manage risks associated with exporting sensitive items and ensure that legitimate trade can still occur. The export control system is governed by a complex set of laws, regulations, and processes that multiple federal agencies administer to ensure compliance. S...

[ [ 33379, 33385 ], [ 34734, 34745 ], [ 36408, 36412 ], [ 36822, 36823 ], [ 40573, 40578 ], [ 43632, 43644 ], [ 43654, 43673 ], [ 43688, 43695 ], [ 43778, 43788 ], [ 43826, 43831 ], [ 43903, ...

The LDA defines a lobbyist as an individual who is employed or retained by a client for compensation for services that include more than one lobbying contact (written or oral communication to covered officials, such as a high ranking agency official or a Member of Congress made on behalf of a client), and whose lobbyin...

[ [ 29172, 29173 ], [ 31580, 31586 ], [ 31784, 31807 ], [ 31817, 31822 ], [ 31921, 31922 ], [ 31924, 31926 ], [ 31932, 31933 ], [ 31934, 31936 ], [ 35594, 35605 ], [ 36282, 36287 ], [ 36293, ...

VA administers one of the largest health care systems in the United States and is charged, through the VHA, with providing health care services to the nation’s eligible veterans. VHA expects to provide care to more than 7 million veterans in fiscal year 2019 at health care facilities across the country through a system...

[ [ 34378, 34384 ], [ 34388, 34393 ], [ 34400, 34415 ], [ 34431, 34440 ], [ 34532, 34540 ], [ 34559, 34572 ], [ 34732, 34739 ], [ 34765, 34770 ], [ 34778, 34787 ], [ 34793, 34799 ], [ 34806, ...

Schools generally report incidents of restraint and seclusion to their district, and districts are responsible for reporting incidents of restraint and seclusion to Education’s CRDC. Districts are expected to report the number of incidents and the number of students affected for all schools in their district and to use...

[ [ 32915, 32923 ], [ 33161, 33166 ], [ 33170, 33171 ], [ 33270, 33276 ], [ 34005, 34012 ], [ 34424, 34428 ], [ 37045, 37054 ], [ 44559, 44574 ], [ 44577, 44580 ], [ 44646, 44650 ], [ 45823, ...

In January 2018, OMB released (M-18-04) Monitoring and Evaluation Guidelines for Federal Departments and Agencies that Administer United States Foreign Assistance (the “Guidelines”) in response to the 2016 FATAA legislation. (See appendix III for additional information on the requirements in the legislation). The Guide...

[ [ 30470, 30478 ], [ 30535, 30537 ], [ 30545, 30556 ], [ 30586, 30606 ], [ 30619, 30624 ], [ 30673, 30675 ], [ 30778, 30779 ] ]

The 22 TCS programs covered by our review varied widely in total donations and number of scholarships awarded. For example, total donations during 2017 ranged from $854,326 in New Hampshire’s program to approximately $623 million in Florida’s largest program (see fig. 1 and app. I). Of the 17 states operating these pro...

[ [ 30698, 30711 ], [ 35634, 35644 ], [ 35763, 35778 ], [ 35922, 35927 ], [ 35959, 35967 ], [ 37267, 37275 ], [ 37388, 37398 ], [ 37401, 37411 ], [ 37440, 37449 ], [ 37847, 37849 ], [ 38074, ...

DHS has 15 components involved in achieving its broad strategic goals of countering terrorism and homeland security threats, securing U.S. borders and sovereignty, securing cyberspace and critical infrastructure, preserving U.S. prosperity and economic security, and strengthening preparedness and resilience. DHS relies...

[ [ 32542, 32554 ], [ 33536, 33538 ], [ 37996, 38007 ], [ 39431, 39434 ], [ 39592, 39601 ], [ 39794, 39804 ], [ 41713, 41719 ], [ 41969, 41973 ], [ 44199, 44206 ], [ 48550, 48561 ], [ 51932, ...

FDA approves reference listed drugs and generic drugs that meet safety and efficacy standards for marketing in the United States. Generic drug companies must show that their drug is (1) the same as the reference listed drug with respect to the active ingredient(s), conditions of use, route of administration, dosage for...

[ [ 27968, 27970 ], [ 32868, 32875 ], [ 32965, 32966 ] ]

A skilled acquisition workforce is vital to maintaining military readiness, increasing the department’s buying power, and achieving substantial long-term savings through activities such as systems engineering and contract administration. As of September 2018, DOD’s civilian acquisition workforce was comprised of about ...

[ [ 29035, 29048 ], [ 37011, 37017 ], [ 37018, 37019 ], [ 37169, 37179 ], [ 37369, 37401 ], [ 37425, 37432 ], [ 37445, 37453 ], [ 37486, 37518 ], [ 37565, 37572 ], [ 37593, 37600 ], [ 37606, ...

To be eligible for the Medicare hospice benefit, an individual must be eligible for Medicare Part A (which covers inpatient care) and be medically certified as having a terminal illness with a life expectancy of 6 months or less if the illness runs it normal course. For individuals to receive care from a Medicare-appro...

[ [ 28894, 28901 ], [ 29130, 29139 ] ]

Depots are government-owned, government-operated industrial installations that maintain, overhaul, and repair a multitude of complex military weapons systems and equipment for DOD. The military services operate 17 depots that perform depot-level maintenance on a wide range of vehicles and other military equipment, incl...

[ [ 35066, 35070 ], [ 35235, 35236 ], [ 35252, 35253 ], [ 35278, 35284 ], [ 35295, 35304 ], [ 35564, 35578 ], [ 39986, 39995 ], [ 40018, 40029 ], [ 42121, 42137 ], [ 42183, 42199 ], [ 42219, ...

Different aviation industry employers have distinct workforce needs and may require workers with specific skillsets depending on the type of work performed. The aviation maintenance workforce includes FAA-certificated mechanics and repairmen, as well as non-certificated workers. FAA-certificated mechanics inspect, serv...

[ [ 27676, 27689 ], [ 27726, 27736 ], [ 27836, 27841 ], [ 28145, 28156 ], [ 28591, 28601 ] ]

OCWR allocates functions among its Board of Directors, Executive Director, and General Counsel (see fig. 1). This organizational structure is largely due to statutory requirements in the CAA. As of February 2019, OCWR had 28 full-time equivalent positions, which includes five part-time board members (counted as one ful...

[ [ 34713, 34723 ] ]

Several bureaus within Interior are responsible for the leasing, permitting, and inspecting of mineral extraction activities on federal lands and waters. Interior’s Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is responsible for onshore activities and manages approximately 700 million acres of subsurface mineral rights throughout t...

[ [ 32313, 32323 ], [ 32325, 32355 ], [ 32358, 32381 ], [ 32384, 32395 ], [ 32405, 32409 ], [ 36715, 36730 ], [ 41234, 41249 ], [ 44341, 44344 ], [ 44346, 44350 ], [ 44353, 44354 ], [ 44403, ...

Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau are among the smallest countries in the world. In fiscal year 2017, the three FASs had a combined resident population of approximately 175,000 (102,622 in Micronesia; 54,354 in the Marshall Islands; and 17,901 in Palau). Interior’s Office of Insular Affairs (OIA) has primary ...

[ [ 34936, 34940 ], [ 38480, 38496 ], [ 41483, 41487 ], [ 44380, 44384 ], [ 52694, 52705 ], [ 53114, 53119 ], [ 53384, 53411 ], [ 53434, 53441 ], [ 54065, 54071 ], [ 54122, 54136 ], [ 54139, ...

NRC was established by the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 and is headed by five commissioners, collectively referred to as the Commission, with members appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. One commissioner is designated by the President to serve as the Chair, who, among other things, serves as the...

[ [ 35826, 35835 ], [ 35838, 35842 ], [ 35855, 35861 ], [ 35867, 35878 ], [ 35887, 35893 ], [ 35898, 35921 ], [ 36011, 36023 ], [ 36038, 36046 ], [ 36065, 36076 ], [ 36130, 36136 ], [ 36344, ...

Within CBP, Border Patrol is responsible for securing U.S. borders and apprehending individuals arriving at the border between ports of entry. Also within CBP, OFO is responsible for inspecting travelers and cargo seeking to enter the United States through ports of entry and encounters or apprehends individuals determi...

[ [ 37290, 37295 ], [ 39470, 39474 ], [ 45131, 45137 ], [ 58506, 58510 ], [ 59575, 59577 ], [ 59856, 59860 ], [ 60635, 60637 ], [ 61562, 61575 ], [ 69609, 69613 ], [ 69656, 69666 ], [ 69684, ...

Throughout history, new technologies have transformed societies. Many technological advances, ranging from the steam engine to electricity and personal computers, have enhanced productivity and improved societal standards of living. At the same time, many technological advancements have led to increases in automation—m...

[ [ 34889, 34900 ], [ 35691, 35695 ], [ 74392, 74395 ], [ 76698, 76702 ], [ 76704, 76705 ], [ 78599, 78604 ], [ 81214, 81226 ], [ 81525, 81535 ], [ 82954, 82967 ], [ 83263, 83272 ], [ 83376, ...

While female participation in the military dates back to the American Revolution, women have formally served in United States military units since 1901 with the establishment of the Army Nurse Corps. The Act of May 14, 1942 authorized the president to establish and organize a Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps for the purpos...

[ [ 26322, 26326 ], [ 39980, 39994 ], [ 40099, 40109 ], [ 40389, 40398 ], [ 40498, 40511 ], [ 40528, 40533 ], [ 40699, 40704 ], [ 40706, 40714 ], [ 47381, 47386 ], [ 52179, 52183 ], [ 52559, ...

U.S. and foreign air carriers have cooperated in a variety of ways to expand their international reach and service offerings. Legal requirements in the United States and other countries prevent mergers between U.S.- owned airlines and foreign owned airlines and also place restrictions on carriers providing end-to-end s...

[ [ 30751, 30760 ], [ 30770, 30771 ], [ 37842, 37847 ], [ 41221, 41233 ], [ 41269, 41272 ], [ 45409, 45410 ], [ 46165, 46169 ], [ 46301, 46307 ], [ 46369, 46375 ], [ 52759, 52766 ] ]

Federal agencies are dependent on computerized (cyber) information systems and electronic data to carry out operations and to process, maintain, and report essential information. Cybersecurity—the security of these systems and data—is vital to public confidence. Ensuring the cybersecurity of the nation, including prote...

[ [ 30563, 30572 ], [ 30584, 30593 ], [ 32620, 32624 ], [ 45471, 45481 ], [ 45496, 45505 ], [ 48291, 48297 ], [ 48778, 48788 ], [ 48995, 49007 ], [ 49126, 49128 ], [ 49224, 49245 ], [ 49258, ...

After it is extracted, natural gas—a colorless, odorless fossil energy source—is stored in three types of underground geologic formations: salt caverns, depleted aquifers, and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Two physical characteristics govern the suitability of each type of geologic formation for storage, including: ...

[ [ 28559, 28561 ], [ 34343, 34354 ], [ 34564, 34576 ], [ 34813, 34816 ], [ 40321, 40322 ], [ 41517, 41522 ], [ 47090, 47095 ], [ 48696, 48699 ], [ 50605, 50616 ], [ 52101, 52121 ], [ 52185, ...

In the primary market, lenders originate mortgage loans to borrowers to purchase homes. To evaluate the creditworthiness of a potential borrower (called underwriting), the lender considers the borrower’s credit scores and history, monthly debts including mortgage payments relative to income (debt-to-income ratio), and ...

[ [ 38891, 38898 ], [ 39733, 39736 ], [ 39737, 39738 ], [ 40170, 40179 ], [ 43238, 43245 ], [ 44974, 44984 ], [ 45069, 45074 ], [ 45103, 45114 ], [ 46067, 46073 ], [ 48750, 48760 ], [ 49631, ...

Many older Americans are retired and rely on different parts of the U.S. retirement system for their financial security. The U.S. retirement system is often described as being composed of Social Security, employer- sponsored pensions and retirement savings plans, and individual savings. In addition, older Americans may...

[ [ 31467, 31473 ], [ 31741, 31743 ], [ 31769, 31772 ], [ 32852, 32862 ], [ 32910, 32919 ], [ 33912, 33915 ], [ 33919, 33924 ], [ 44346, 44354 ], [ 44489, 44496 ], [ 47610, 47622 ], [ 47769, ...

The NHPA requires federal agencies to establish historic preservation programs to ensure the ongoing identification and protection of historic properties. A historic property is any building, structure, object, site, or district listed on or eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (National R...

[ [ 36143, 36149 ], [ 36172, 36181 ], [ 36193, 36198 ], [ 37832, 37841 ], [ 46469, 46475 ] ]

Federal policy for rental housing has traditionally focused on assisting low-income households through rental assistance and incentives for the development of housing with below-market rents. In fiscal year 2020, Congress appropriated about $43.9 billion for HUD’s three largest federal rental assistance programs: publi...

[ [ 27652, 27657 ], [ 30912, 30914 ], [ 42010, 42013 ] ]

CERCLA established the Superfund program to clean up contaminated sites to protect human health and the environment from the effects of hazardous substances. CERCLA requires the President to establish procedures and standards for prioritizing and responding to releases of hazardous substances, pollutants, and contamina...

[ [ 33842, 33847 ], [ 39466, 39470 ], [ 49009, 49012 ], [ 49173, 49182 ], [ 50734, 50738 ], [ 51887, 51893 ], [ 54613, 54619 ], [ 54831, 54836 ], [ 54837, 54842 ], [ 54852, 54859 ], [ 54962, ...

DOD acquires new weapon systems for its warfighters through a management process known as the Defense Acquisition System. This system is implemented by two key acquisition policies: DOD Directive 5000.01, which establishes the overarching framework for the Defense Acquisition System; and DOD Instruction 5000.02, which ...

[ [ 38425, 38430 ], [ 38535, 38546 ], [ 38638, 38648 ], [ 38712, 38723 ] ]

The Secretary of the Army has the responsibility to recruit personnel, subject to the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense. The Assistant Secretary of the Army for Manpower and Reserve Affairs serves as the principal advisor to the Secretary for the Army’s management of its manpower and personn...

[ [ 34923, 34926 ], [ 36650, 36659 ], [ 42514, 42515 ], [ 42732, 42748 ], [ 42947, 42953 ], [ 42991, 42997 ], [ 43014, 43025 ] ]

According to OMB, federal agencies reported that they operated 432 data centers in 1998, 2,094 in July 2010, and 9,995 in August 2016. Operating such a large number of centers has been, and continues to be, a significant cost to the agencies. For example, in 2007, EPA estimated that the annual cost for electricity to o...

[ [ 25031, 25037 ], [ 25065, 25069 ], [ 28679, 28687 ], [ 28749, 28760 ], [ 28761, 28765 ], [ 28768, 28775 ], [ 28789, 28799 ], [ 28829, 28834 ], [ 30772, 30776 ], [ 33527, 33532 ], [ 33538, ...

TAs are significant given their increasing importance to policymakers, and the growing effects of S&T on society, economy, and other areas. While technological changes can be positive, they can also be disruptive. Therefore, it is critical for Congress to be able to understand and evaluate these changes, to ensure, for...

[ [ 32968, 32974 ], [ 36107, 36117 ], [ 38361, 38365 ], [ 41122, 41131 ], [ 41195, 41206 ], [ 41579, 41601 ], [ 41606, 41608 ], [ 41610, 41619 ], [ 41620, 41636 ], [ 41682, 41687 ], [ 42720, ...

The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Act, as amended, is the main federal law governing state child-care programs for low-income working families. The act was reauthorized in 2014, and the reauthorization included a focus on improving the overall quality of child- care services and development of particip...

[ [ 29010, 29019 ], [ 29044, 29065 ], [ 29887, 29899 ], [ 29914, 29924 ], [ 30399, 30408 ], [ 37644, 37649 ], [ 37929, 37939 ], [ 39193, 39203 ], [ 39884, 39893 ], [ 39934, 39935 ], [ 39950, ...

IDEA was enacted to ensure that all children with disabilities have access to a free appropriate public education (FAPE); to protect the rights of those children and their parents; and to assist states, localities, educational service agencies, and federal agencies in educating those children. Part C of IDEA provides g...

[ [ 45206, 45215 ], [ 45610, 45618 ], [ 45625, 45637 ], [ 48672, 48684 ] ]

The Coast Guard has 11 statutory missions, which are divided into homeland security and non-homeland security missions (see appendix II). The Coast Guard’s units that conduct operations to achieve its statutory missions are organized into shore-based forces such as boat stations, maritime patrol forces such as cutters ...

[ [ 36635, 36636 ], [ 36798, 36804 ], [ 36812, 36813 ], [ 36856, 36858 ] ]

Under the APA, agencies engage in three basic phases of the rulemaking process: they initiate rulemaking actions, develop proposed rulemaking actions, and develop final rulemaking actions. Built into agencies’ rulemaking processes are opportunities for internal and external deliberations, reviews, and public comments. ...

[ [ 39292, 39298 ], [ 39339, 39342 ], [ 42067, 42072 ], [ 42935, 42937 ], [ 42947, 42955 ], [ 43831, 43835 ], [ 45729, 45736 ], [ 46747, 46750 ], [ 46826, 46829 ], [ 47774, 47778 ], [ 49819, ...

Local educational agencies (referred to in this report as school districts or districts) receive funding for education primarily from state and local sources. School districts can typically use this funding for a wide range of purposes, including school maintenance and operations. Maintenance may include routine replac...

[ [ 28415, 28425 ], [ 30460, 30471 ], [ 30530, 30536 ], [ 36863, 36865 ], [ 37387, 37391 ], [ 37867, 37874 ], [ 42096, 42108 ], [ 42465, 42476 ], [ 50694, 50697 ], [ 52923, 52926 ], [ 52942, ...

CBP is the nation’s largest federal law enforcement agency. CBP’s Border Patrol and AMO are the uniformed law enforcement arms responsible for securing U.S. borders between ports of entry in the air, land, and maritime environments. Border Patrol has primary responsibility for securing U.S. land borders between ports o...

[ [ 31078, 31087 ], [ 31745, 31766 ], [ 36148, 36170 ], [ 47099, 47102 ], [ 47667, 47668 ], [ 47678, 47689 ], [ 47822, 47833 ], [ 48784, 48785 ], [ 48801, 48824 ], [ 48842, 48851 ], [ 49071, ...

In 2017, transit agencies provided over 10 billion rides to people traveling to and from businesses, homes, and other locations throughout the United States, according to FTA. Transit infrastructure for those rides includes railways, roads, bridges, tunnels, and stations. According to the 2017 American Public Transport...

[ [ 34479, 34480 ], [ 34827, 34838 ], [ 34841, 34851 ], [ 37619, 37640 ], [ 37930, 37934 ], [ 37963, 37984 ], [ 38115, 38122 ] ]

Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) An ITIN is a tax processing number issued by IRS to individuals who are required to have a U.S. taxpayer identification number but who do not have and are not eligible to obtain a Social Security number from the Social Security Administration. IRS issues ITINs to help in...

[ [ 24033, 24040 ], [ 32552, 32553 ], [ 38597, 38604 ], [ 51465, 51472 ], [ 51483, 51484 ], [ 51490, 51499 ], [ 51566, 51574 ], [ 51798, 51810 ], [ 51813, 51838 ], [ 51849, 51856 ], [ 51875, ...

The military retirement system is a government-funded benefit system that has historically been considered a significant incentive in recruiting and retaining a voluntary, career military force. Until recently, almost all active-duty servicemembers were enrolled in the High-3 (legacy) retirement system. In this system,...

[ [ 34081, 34092 ], [ 34306, 34313 ], [ 40016, 40027 ], [ 40261, 40286 ], [ 40302, 40311 ], [ 40903, 40910 ], [ 44786, 44795 ], [ 45234, 45243 ], [ 45960, 45986 ], [ 47729, 47739 ], [ 47926, ...

In the United States, authority to regulate elections is shared by federal, state, and local officials. Congressional authority to regulate elections derives from various constitutional sources, depending on the type of election. In addition, Congress has passed legislation in major functional areas of the voting proce...

[ [ 38606, 38621 ], [ 38741, 38748 ], [ 45982, 45989 ], [ 48510, 48525 ], [ 48528, 48544 ], [ 48551, 48563 ], [ 48583, 48592 ], [ 48593, 48603 ], [ 48624, 48628 ], [ 48631, 48639 ], [ 48654, ...

Most communities in the nation experience some kind of flooding, which may occur after substantial spring rains, heavy thunderstorms, winter snow thaws, or heavy storms over a large body of water. Flood risk management includes the appropriate use of structures such as levees and floodwalls, as well as nonstructural me...

[ [ 45717, 45723 ] ]

According to the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs report concerning PMIAA, the purpose of PMIAA is to improve program and project management in certain larger federal agencies. The act includes requirements for OMB, OPM, and the 24 agencies listed in the CFO Act. PMIAA requires OMB’s Deput...

[ [ 29279, 29291 ], [ 29415, 29425 ], [ 35578, 35582 ], [ 35662, 35664 ], [ 35767, 35774 ], [ 40899, 40903 ], [ 44089, 44095 ], [ 44120, 44128 ], [ 44148, 44157 ], [ 44159, 44163 ], [ 44167, ...

On September 6, 2017, the eye of Hurricane Irma traveled about 50 nautical miles to the north of the northern shore of Puerto Rico as a category 5 hurricane. Less than two weeks later, Hurricane Maria made landfall as a category 4 hurricane on the main island of Puerto Rico on the morning of September 20, 2017, with wi...

[ [ 27712, 27714 ], [ 32392, 32396 ], [ 35551, 35561 ], [ 35562, 35563 ], [ 35570, 35580 ], [ 35582, 35591 ], [ 35654, 35660 ], [ 35666, 35674 ], [ 40080, 40092 ], [ 45906, 45929 ], [ 47077, ...

GSA’s existing government-wide telecommunications program is called Networx. As part of this program, in 2007 GSA awarded two sets of Networx contracts, which had an estimated combined value of $20 billion. These sets of contracts had differing characteristics: GSA awarded Networx Universal contracts to AT&T, Verizon B...

[ [ 28675, 28678 ], [ 37867, 37878 ], [ 46946, 46955 ], [ 46972, 46981 ], [ 48974, 48985 ], [ 52525, 52526 ], [ 54887, 54888 ], [ 58671, 58692 ], [ 59891, 59892 ], [ 59893, 59894 ], [ 59931, ...

State reviews and approves FMS purchases, while DOD is responsible for program implementation. DSCA administers the FMS program for DOD, including exercising financial management responsibilities for the FMS trust fund, and DFAS provides DSCA’s accounting services for FMS. Additionally, various other DOD components hav...

[ [ 30718, 30726 ], [ 30955, 30961 ], [ 31590, 31591 ], [ 33856, 33860 ], [ 34132, 34142 ], [ 34172, 34181 ], [ 34249, 34260 ], [ 34638, 34646 ] ]

Federal agencies conduct a variety of activities related to animal research. These activities include: funding intramural research conducted by agency personnel at federal facilities; funding extramural research conducted by universities, industrial firms, and other nonfederal entities through contracts, grants, or coo...

[ [ 39402, 39410 ], [ 39420, 39428 ], [ 45751, 45755 ], [ 45824, 45832 ], [ 45963, 45967 ], [ 45996, 46016 ], [ 46168, 46177 ], [ 48277, 48280 ], [ 48575, 48585 ], [ 50556, 50568 ], [ 50639, ...

The Secret Service’s primary responsibility is to physically protect the President, Vice President, their immediate families, and visiting foreign dignitaries as well as the White House complex. The Office of Protective Operations is the principal office responsible for providing protection. Within the Office of Protec...

[ [ 39060, 39067 ], [ 39079, 39091 ], [ 39119, 39131 ], [ 39136, 39142 ], [ 39591, 39606 ], [ 39617, 39624 ], [ 39652, 39660 ], [ 39667, 39705 ], [ 39863, 39872 ], [ 39899, 39905 ], [ 39912, ...

In February of each year, the President submits the budget request for VHA health care, which includes requested funding for the upcoming fiscal year as well as an advance appropriation request to Congress. VHA allocates funds by the beginning of each fiscal year—October 1—to VISNs and medical centers based on the amou...

[ [ 33200, 33201 ], [ 33210, 33213 ], [ 33215, 33216 ], [ 33228, 33237 ], [ 33270, 33271 ], [ 33476, 33498 ], [ 33499, 33506 ], [ 33513, 33525 ], [ 33538, 33548 ], [ 33750, 33764 ], [ 33807, ...

Data from CDC’s 2015 NISVS indicate that about 43.6 million women (36.4 percent) and 37.3 million men (33.6 percent) in the United States have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and stalking by an intimate partner. Approximately 21.4 percent of women and 14.9 percent of men in the United States experienced...

[ [ 33964, 33967 ], [ 37307, 37321 ], [ 37652, 37657 ], [ 37691, 37702 ], [ 37727, 37731 ], [ 37809, 37823 ] ]

In most cases, a noncitizen must be a LPR to enlist in the U.S. Armed Forces. Special provisions of the INA authorize the naturalization of current and recently discharged service members. Qualifying military service includes active or reserve service in the U.S. Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, or ser...

[ [ 25637, 25645 ], [ 28764, 28768 ], [ 31071, 31084 ], [ 31108, 31109 ], [ 32411, 32422 ], [ 32429, 32439 ], [ 32482, 32490 ], [ 32516, 32518 ], [ 32776, 32778 ], [ 33622, 33632 ], [ 36847, ...

The purposes of TRIA are to (1) protect consumers by addressing market disruptions and ensuring the continued widespread availability and affordability of commercial property/casualty insurance for terrorism risk; and (2) allow for a transitional period for the private markets to stabilize, resume pricing of such insur...

[ [ 36948, 36949 ], [ 39833, 39834 ], [ 40045, 40050 ], [ 41097, 41104 ], [ 42446, 42455 ], [ 43226, 43237 ], [ 43244, 43255 ], [ 43267, 43301 ], [ 43516, 43521 ], [ 43555, 43575 ], [ 43717, ...

When complete, JWST will be a large, deployable space telescope, optimized for infrared observations. It is the scientific successor to the aging Hubble Space Telescope launched 29 years ago. JWST is being designed for a 5-year mission to find the first stars, study planets in other solar systems, search for the buildi...

[ [ 32661, 32663 ], [ 33170, 33178 ], [ 36377, 36388 ], [ 36751, 36761 ], [ 38776, 38788 ], [ 38797, 38803 ], [ 39126, 39131 ] ]

VA pays monthly disability compensation to veterans with disabling conditions caused or aggravated by their military service. The benefit is based on an average reduction in earning capacity across a group of individuals with similar physical or mental impairments. Disability compensation is generally paid according to...

[ [ 33483, 33490 ], [ 33538, 33556 ], [ 43324, 43331 ], [ 46363, 46395 ], [ 46514, 46526 ], [ 46694, 46695 ], [ 46698, 46699 ], [ 50531, 50545 ] ]

FAA is responsible for overseeing and authorizing any flight operations in the national airspace system for both manned and unmanned aircraft. FAA’s UAS Integration Office, located in the Office of Aviation Safety, seeks to integrate UAS operations into the national airspace system while ensuring the safety of the publ...

[ [ 33765, 33771 ], [ 36015, 36023 ], [ 38160, 38170 ], [ 38179, 38186 ], [ 38244, 38246 ], [ 38572, 38578 ], [ 39527, 39540 ], [ 40662, 40670 ], [ 44555, 44558 ], [ 54319, 54342 ], [ 54354, ...

The U.S. government supports various types of democracy assistance, which State and USAID categorize under their democracy, human rights, and governance portfolios. State and USAID use the Updated Foreign Assistance Standardized Program Structure and Definitions to categorize democracy assistance activities in six prog...

[ [ 30820, 30829 ], [ 30936, 30939 ], [ 30943, 30945 ], [ 30966, 30973 ], [ 31023, 31031 ], [ 31130, 31131 ], [ 40477, 40493 ], [ 40504, 40551 ], [ 40552, 40556 ], [ 40642, 40654 ], [ 40660, ...

Like all DOD working capital funds, the DWWCF received its initial working capital through an appropriation or a transfer of amounts from existing appropriations to finance the initial cost of products or services. Ongoing DWWCF operations and maintenance of a minimum cash balance are funded through reimbursements to t...

[ [ 28690, 28695 ], [ 33373, 33377 ], [ 33388, 33399 ], [ 33628, 33635 ], [ 40874, 40883 ], [ 41075, 41082 ], [ 41175, 41176 ], [ 41177, 41207 ], [ 43309, 43315 ], [ 43327, 43335 ], [ 43352, ...

Antibiotics are drugs that work by killing bacteria or slowing their growth. However, some bacteria have developed ways to resist the effects of antibiotics, for example, by preventing antibiotics from entering the cell or pumping them out after the antibiotic enters. Bacteria that are able to survive in the presence o...

[ [ 46401, 46408 ], [ 46442, 46456 ], [ 46468, 46488 ], [ 46513, 46520 ], [ 46544, 46558 ], [ 46604, 46614 ], [ 46676, 46686 ], [ 46700, 46707 ], [ 51472, 51478 ], [ 60206, 60211 ], [ 61170, ...

Federal law and regulations require that contractors receiving a contract with a value greater than the simplified acquisition threshold must ensure that small businesses have the “maximum practical opportunity” to receive subcontracting work. In addition, a prospective contractor generally must submit a subcontracting...

[ [ 28341, 28352 ], [ 36015, 36019 ], [ 39578, 39580 ], [ 41392, 41398 ], [ 48635, 48645 ], [ 48818, 48832 ], [ 48972, 48984 ], [ 49343, 49350 ], [ 49388, 49400 ], [ 49520, 49531 ], [ 49588, ...

VA, through VHA, operates the nation’s largest integrated health care system. At the local level, VA has 172 VA medical centers that are organized into 18 Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISN). At the national level, VHA’s central office includes approximately 75 national program offices as of October 2019, which...

[ [ 37252, 37256 ], [ 38445, 38454 ], [ 40565, 40572 ], [ 40597, 40603 ], [ 45097, 45108 ], [ 50212, 50215 ], [ 50315, 50317 ], [ 50323, 50328 ], [ 50455, 50459 ] ]

States have three options for designing their CHIP programs: Medicaid expansion CHIP, separate CHIP, and combination CHIP. Medicaid expansion CHIP. States may operate CHIP as an extension of their Medicaid programs. Under Medicaid expansion CHIP, states expand income eligibility levels for children beyond those of the ...

[ [ 29474, 29478 ], [ 29489, 29506 ], [ 29509, 29516 ], [ 29565, 29571 ], [ 29577, 29584 ], [ 29642, 29655 ], [ 29669, 29693 ], [ 29762, 29771 ], [ 29781, 29787 ], [ 29800, 29810 ], [ 29811, ...

Explosives include high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. Propellants and pyrotechnics are sometimes referred to as low explosives. All three types of explosives serve essential functions in nuclear weapons. Figure 1 illustrates key explosive-containing components found in a generic nuclear weapon as well as t...

[ [ 27556, 27559 ], [ 30029, 30035 ], [ 35800, 35801 ], [ 36858, 36861 ], [ 36865, 36870 ], [ 40498, 40503 ], [ 42578, 42589 ], [ 42612, 42621 ], [ 43140, 43150 ], [ 47351, 47361 ], [ 47366, ...

Our experience has shown that the key elements needed to make progress in high-risk areas are top-level attention by the administration and agency leaders grounded in the five criteria for removal from the High-Risk List, as well as any needed congressional action. The five criteria for removal that we issued in Novemb...

[ [ 35148, 35149 ], [ 43673, 43683 ], [ 43692, 43702 ], [ 44415, 44418 ], [ 48187, 48198 ], [ 48231, 48264 ], [ 48289, 48298 ], [ 62245, 62256 ], [ 62263, 62276 ], [ 68762, 68771 ], [ 70910, ...

DOD describes military commissions as a form of military tribunal convened to try individuals for unlawful conduct associated with war. According to DOD, military commissions—as they came to be known in the 19th century—were preceded by military tribunals during previous conflicts, beginning from the Revolutionary War....

[ [ 27421, 27427 ], [ 37386, 37394 ], [ 37757, 37761 ], [ 42104, 42111 ], [ 42510, 42516 ], [ 42990, 42999 ], [ 43940, 43942 ], [ 43943, 43950 ], [ 47694, 47701 ], [ 48114, 48124 ], [ 49030, ...