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67bbf1fc6d0df19cd5dbeb09 | 238,906 | Sparta | Allegedly, Spartans were prohibited from possessing gold and silver coins, and according to legend Spartan currency consisted of iron bars to discourage hoarding. It was not until the 260s or 250s BC that Sparta began to mint its own coins. Though the conspicuous display of wealth appears to have been discouraged, this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 61 | 95 | [-0.0133746620267629, 0.0434519164264202, 0.0513099059462547, -0.0169699471443891, -0.0158235486596822, -0.0224906131625175, 0.0072554643265903, 0.0089849038049578, 0.0283406022936105, -0.0194349121302366, 0.0106800971552729, 0.0010055110324174, 0.0059380689635872, -2.0144323571e-05, 0.0072043114341795, -0.028202148154... |
67bbf1fc6d0df19cd5dbeb0a | 238,907 | Sparta | Allegedly as part of the Lycurgan Reforms in the mid-8th century BC, a massive land reform had divided property into 9,000 equal portions. Each citizen received one estate, a "kleros", which was expected to provide his living. The land was worked by helots who retained half the yield. From the other half, the Spartiate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 62 | 95 | [-0.0373553037643432, 0.0775413811206817, 0.0456813760101795, -0.0496321469545364, 0.0240918509662151, -0.0090419379994273, 0.0527179129421711, 0.0319609716534614, -0.0040552448481321, -0.042493849992752, 0.0384760722517967, -3.92666697734e-05, -0.0118549345061182, -0.0403807871043682, 0.00864889472723, -0.029299886897... |
67bbf1fd6d0df19cd5dbeb0b | 238,908 | Sparta | Sparta was above all a militarist state, and emphasis on military fitness began virtually at birth. Shortly after birth, a mother would bathe her child in wine to see whether the child was strong. If the child survived it was brought before the Gerousia by the child's father. The Gerousia then decided whether it was to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 63 | 95 | [-0.0154767278581857, 0.059793435037136, 0.0667231753468513, -0.0470610931515693, -0.0195458959788084, -0.0239338912069797, 0.0445951037108898, 0.0133844884112477, 0.0057525308802723, -0.0632416307926178, 0.0296247992664575, 0.0295059848576784, 0.0516111180186271, -0.0168677661567926, -0.0255292281508445, 0.00362716848... |
67bbf1fd6d0df19cd5dbeb0c | 238,909 | Sparta | Spartan burial customs changed over time. The Archaic Spartan poet Tyrtaeus spoke of the Spartan war-dead as follows: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 64 | 95 | [-0.0725818201899528, 0.0455526486039161, 0.0529293492436409, -0.0282287094742059, 0.0084689641371369, -0.0012520656455308, 0.0576438754796981, 0.011537586338818, 0.0264142286032438, -0.0407282970845699, 0.0293628014624118, -0.0082349302247166, 0.0258893277496099, -0.0016404725611209, -0.0245879329741001, 0.02231081016... |
67bbf1fd6d0df19cd5dbeb0d | 238,910 | Sparta | When Spartans died, marked headstones would only be granted to soldiers who died in combat during a victorious campaign or women who died either in service of a divine office or in childbirth. These headstones likely acted as memorials, rather than as grave markers. Evidence of Spartan burials is provided by the Tomb o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 65 | 95 | [-0.050305500626564, 0.0485185869038105, 0.0733312889933586, -0.0408372394740581, -0.0148405618965625, 0.0074476185254752, 0.0313163660466671, 0.0178290847688913, -0.0126777486875653, -0.0302709378302097, 0.0223153140395879, 0.0284066013991832, 0.0241745505481958, 0.0019850374665111, 0.0067621963098645, 0.0083085270598... |
67bbf1fe6d0df19cd5dbeb0e | 238,911 | Sparta | In the Hellenistic Period, grander, two-storey monumental tombs are found at Sparta. Ten of these have been found for this period. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 66 | 95 | [-0.0716103985905647, 0.0108134904876351, 0.064243845641613, -0.0404561087489128, 0.0097396755591034, -0.0208654347807168, 0.0215576197952032, 0.0266266912221908, -0.0046469122171401, -0.0391034223139286, 0.0319683589041233, 0.0221910048276186, -0.0231706220656633, 0.0128457993268966, -0.0153051242232322, 0.00086287566... |
67bbf1fe6d0df19cd5dbeb0f | 238,912 | Sparta | When male Spartans began military training at age seven, they would enter the "agoge" system. The "agoge" was designed to encourage discipline and physical toughness and to emphasize the importance of the Spartan state. Boys lived in communal messes and, according to Xenophon, whose sons attended the "agoge", the boys ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 67 | 95 | [-0.0373186692595481, 0.0564502999186515, 0.0415628552436828, -0.0434720292687416, 0.0015535070560872, -0.0177752431482076, 0.0188580844551324, -0.0094675896689295, 0.018465831875801, -0.0735173299908638, 0.0426277033984661, 0.0157426707446575, 0.0334675200283527, -0.0395340397953987, -0.0207294318825006, -0.0170678254... |
67bbf1fe6d0df19cd5dbeb10 | 238,913 | Sparta | Spartan boys were expected to take an older male mentor, usually an unmarried young man. According to some sources, the older man was expected to function as a kind of substitute father and role model to his junior partner; however, others believe it was reasonably certain that they had sexual relations (the exact natu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 68 | 95 | [-0.0380351059138774, 0.0701151266694068, 0.0401947163045406, -0.0038738560397177, 0.0095418132841587, 0.0075697968713939, 0.0288348142057657, 0.0007934676832519, 0.0065606408752501, -0.0501697994768619, 0.03172492608428, 0.0039951675571501, 0.0098021114245057, -0.0453402921557426, -0.0113858897238969, -0.0072486321441... |
67bbf1ff6d0df19cd5dbeb11 | 238,914 | Sparta | Some Spartan youth apparently became members of an irregular unit known as the "Krypteia". The immediate objective of this unit was to seek out and kill vulnerable helot Laconians as part of the larger program of terrorising and intimidating the helot population. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 69 | 95 | [-0.0286573152989149, 0.0406980887055397, 0.0576222836971282, -0.0028338057454675, -0.0371647216379642, 0.0014352240832522, 0.0066380929201841, 0.0067440294660627, 0.0048816120252013, -0.0530082322657108, 0.0168499145656824, -0.0001033970838761, 0.0054058535024523, -0.0165389981120824, 0.0090895555913448, 0.01916610077... |
67bbf1ff6d0df19cd5dbeb12 | 238,915 | Sparta | Less information is available about the education of Spartan girls, but they seem to have gone through a fairly extensive formal educational cycle, broadly similar to that of the boys but with less emphasis on military training. Spartan girls received an education known as "mousikē". This included music, dancing, singi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 70 | 95 | [-0.0251576136797666, 0.0669253021478653, 0.055761944502592, -0.0407238081097602, -0.0113574666902422, 0.0287397522479295, 0.0260717775672674, 0.0048564672470092, 0.0297219026833772, -0.0732526257634162, 0.0313938073813915, 0.0238092839717865, -0.0129444589838385, 0.0007615110371261, -0.0128326378762722, -0.01069021970... |
67bbf1ff6d0df19cd5dbeb13 | 238,916 | Sparta | At age 20, the Spartan citizen began his membership in one of the "syssitia" (dining messes or clubs), composed of about fifteen members each, of which every citizen was required to be a member. Here each group learned how to bond and rely on one another. The Spartans were not eligible for election for public office un... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 71 | 95 | [-0.0374515540897846, 0.0559319742023944, 0.0253808349370956, -0.0334868915379047, 0.0475775673985481, -0.0103532252833247, 0.0233712308108806, 0.0084983669221401, 0.0068680099211633, -0.0355072207748889, 0.0120907574892044, 0.0357572138309478, 0.0094301057979464, -0.0269471015781164, 0.0031689358875155, 0.000612345698... |
67bbf1ff6d0df19cd5dbeb14 | 238,917 | Sparta | Sparta is thought to be the first city to practice athletic nudity, and some scholars claim that it was also the first to formalize pederasty. According to these sources, the Spartans believed that the love of an older, accomplished aristocrat for an adolescent was essential to his formation as a free citizen. The "ago... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 72 | 95 | [-0.0508371368050575, 0.0691487193107605, 0.0376347415149211, -0.0062429257668554, 0.0007359373266808, 0.0130643714219331, 0.031507235020399, 0.0054720300249755, 0.0154350576922297, -0.0439014248549938, 0.022598598152399, -0.0037616780027747, 0.0234233941882848, -0.0248552151024341, -0.0397809669375419, -0.010354495607... |
67bbf2006d0df19cd5dbeb15 | 238,918 | Sparta | However, other scholars question this interpretation. Xenophon explicitly denies it, but not Plutarch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 73 | 95 | [-0.0659335702657699, 0.0465019010007381, 0.0397827327251434, -0.0015825818991288, 0.0238402597606182, -0.0111031327396631, 0.0348409973084926, 0.0189780220389366, 0.0301757734268903, -0.0412594601511955, 0.0361820682883262, 0.0298776626586914, 0.0139775294810533, -0.0478550679981708, -0.015121585689485, -0.02770101837... |
67bbf2006d0df19cd5dbeb16 | 238,919 | Sparta | Spartan men remained in the active reserve until age 60. Men were encouraged to marry at age 20 but could not live with their families until they left their active military service at age 30. They called themselves ""homoioi"" (equals), pointing to their common lifestyle and the discipline of the phalanx, which demande... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 74 | 95 | [-0.0384532399475574, 0.0852380692958831, 0.0305393729358911, -0.0440861359238624, 0.0188477728515863, -0.0101271513849496, 0.0408665388822555, 0.0208080932497978, 0.016040539368987, -0.0460746772587299, 0.0255876909941434, 0.0311705749481916, -0.0003490377275738, -0.0390945561230182, 0.0100312875583767, -0.00520538538... |
67bbf2006d0df19cd5dbeb17 | 238,920 | Sparta | Thucydides reports that when a Spartan man went to war, his wife (or another woman of some significance) would customarily present him with his shield (shield) and say: "With this, or upon this" (Ἢ τὰν ἢ ἐπὶ τᾶς, "Èi tàn èi èpì tàs"), meaning that true Spartans could only return to Sparta either victorious (with their ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 75 | 95 | [-0.0666594579815864, 0.0629827007651329, 0.0294171329587698, -0.0179437696933746, 0.0015677828341722, 0.008754389360547, 0.0588713847100734, 0.0130638238042593, 0.0426431261003017, -0.0096671432256698, 0.0261532980948686, 0.0071426141075789, 0.0387553311884403, -0.0364990234375, 0.0165774766355752, -0.0068914419971406... |
67bbf2016d0df19cd5dbeb18 | 238,921 | Sparta | According to Aristotle, the Spartan military culture was actually short-sighted and ineffective. He observed: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 76 | 95 | [-0.0475917905569076, 0.0380863919854164, 0.0314369909465312, -0.0356265902519226, 0.0029264816548675, 0.0013805994531139, 0.0428212694823741, 0.0468512549996376, 0.0158979576081037, -0.0435358732938766, 0.0348714739084243, -0.0039765150286257, 0.0054624420590698, -0.0332405231893062, -0.0040093287825584, 0.02277219295... |
67bbf2016d0df19cd5dbeb19 | 238,922 | Sparta | It is the standards of civilized men not of beasts that must be kept in mind, for it is good men not beasts who are capable of real courage. Those like the Spartans who concentrate on the one and ignore the other in their education turn men into machines and in devoting themselves to one single aspect of city's life, e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 77 | 95 | [-0.039165262132883, 0.0409817062318325, 0.0509574636816978, -0.0106936478987336, 0.008763451129198, 0.000998806557618, 0.0483286902308464, 0.0435569956898689, -0.0063369288109242, -0.0323699228465557, 0.0142850782722234, 0.0071317153051495, 0.0303754955530166, -0.0212197769433259, -0.030584605410695, -0.01773003861308... |
67bbf2016d0df19cd5dbeb1a | 238,923 | Sparta | One of the most persistent myths about Sparta that has no basis in fact is the notion that Spartan mothers were without feelings toward their off-spring and helped enforce a militaristic lifestyle on their sons and husbands. The myth can be traced back to Plutarch, who includes no less than 17 "sayings" of "Spartan wom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 78 | 95 | [-0.0559002421796321, 0.0532225705683231, 0.0507106855511665, -0.0249245278537273, 0.0158996898680925, -0.0120412418618798, 0.0439458973705768, 0.0298472717404365, 0.0258383974432945, -0.0700287371873855, 0.0176427885890007, 0.0217461008578538, 0.0147586558014154, -0.0484825149178504, -0.0174395572394132, -0.0002681747... |
67bbf2026d0df19cd5dbeb1b | 238,924 | Sparta | Sparta's agriculture consisted mainly of barley, wine, cheese, grain, and figs. These items were grown locally on each Spartan citizen's kleros and were tended to by helots. Spartan citizens were required to donate a certain amount of what they yielded from their kleros to their syssitia, or mess. These donations to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 79 | 95 | [-1.91823000932e-05, 0.072225235402584, 0.0762419924139976, -0.0395695604383945, 0.0008187316707335, -0.030429495498538, 0.0351757816970348, -0.0085490699857473, 0.0184765569865703, -0.0488309152424335, 0.0360186882317066, 0.0129799665883183, 0.0068290717899799, -0.0187820121645927, 0.0166792254894971, -0.0022026097867... |
67bbf2026d0df19cd5dbeb1c | 238,925 | Sparta | The custom was to capture women for marriage... The so-called 'bridesmaid' took charge of the captured girl. She first shaved her head to the scalp, then dressed her in a man's cloak and sandals, and laid her down alone on a mattress in the dark. The bridegroom – who was not drunk and thus not impotent, but was sober a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 80 | 95 | [-0.0323504842817783, 0.0873201489448547, 0.0463464297354221, -0.0260005351155996, 0.0013102918164804, 0.0066598481498658, 0.0505216382443904, -0.0015934542752802, 0.0053149801678955, -0.0251188818365335, 0.0311558544635772, 0.031825341284275, 0.0151106156408786, -0.0164714138954877, 0.0235142577439546, -0.000343477819... |
67bbf2026d0df19cd5dbeb1d | 238,926 | Sparta | The husband continued to visit his wife in secret for some time after the marriage. These customs, unique to the Spartans, have been interpreted in various ways. One of them decidedly supports the need to disguise the bride as a man in order to help the bridegroom consummate the marriage, so unaccustomed were men to wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 81 | 95 | [-0.0444248653948307, 0.0928011760115623, -0.0003311031323391, -0.0175415426492691, -0.0021329245064407, -0.0239871144294738, 0.0592188127338886, -0.0076016187667846, 0.0132766170427203, -0.0325622893869876, 0.0255835559219121, 0.031329121440649, -0.0109217762947082, -0.0252929739654064, 0.028683852404356, -0.020473333... |
67bbf2036d0df19cd5dbeb1e | 238,927 | Sparta | Spartan women, of the citizenry class, enjoyed a status, power, and respect that was unknown in the rest of the classical world. The higher status of females in Spartan society started at birth; unlike Athens, Spartan girls were fed the same food as their brothers. Nor were they confined to their father's house and pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 82 | 95 | [-0.0412639528512954, 0.0686859413981437, 0.058987408876419, -0.037065040320158, 0.0072503644041717, 0.0075871460139751, 0.0463767051696777, 0.0206628330051898, 0.0274641085416078, -0.046391412615776, 0.052394226193428, 0.0272247251123189, -0.0094517627730965, -0.0236419383436441, 0.010811042971909, -0.0073967995122075... |
67bbf2036d0df19cd5dbeb1f | 238,928 | Sparta | Unlike Athenian women who wore heavy, concealing clothes and were rarely seen outside the house, Spartan women wore dresses (peplos) slit up the side to allow freer movement and moved freely about the city, either walking or driving chariots. Girls as well as boys exercised, possibly in the nude, and young women as wel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 83 | 95 | [-0.0523517876863479, 0.0375698991119861, 0.0523822493851184, 0.0024684551171958, -0.0116073349490761, 0.0249818749725818, 0.0440706126391887, 0.0155389243736863, 0.0261942967772483, -0.0474132634699344, 0.0332733243703842, 0.0531215779483318, 9.52423288254e-05, -0.0027890258934348, -0.0360460244119167, -0.018439631909... |
67bbf2036d0df19cd5dbeb20 | 238,929 | Sparta | Another practice that was mentioned by many visitors to Sparta was the practice of “wife-sharing”. In accordance with the Spartan belief that breeding should be between the most physically fit parents, many older men allowed younger, more fit men, to impregnate their wives. Other unmarried or childless men might even r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 84 | 95 | [-0.0375233404338359, 0.0650410428643226, 0.0472459569573402, -0.048546016216278, -0.0254623778164386, -0.0097707640379667, 0.0556929185986518, -0.0001255275274161, -0.0028582049999386, -0.0589202158153057, 0.0481576770544052, -0.0046477555297315, 0.0046735666692256, -0.0166488196700811, -0.0163470227271318, -0.0019207... |
67bbf2036d0df19cd5dbeb21 | 238,930 | Sparta | Spartan women were also literate and numerate, a rarity in the ancient world. Furthermore, as a result of their education and the fact that they moved freely in society engaging with their fellow (male) citizens, they were notorious for speaking their minds even in public. Plato, in the middle of the fourth century, de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 85 | 95 | [-0.0541843697428703, 0.0734362751245498, 0.0428556837141513, -0.0172192640602588, -0.0219317395240068, -0.0008275355794467, 0.02756043151021, 0.0241297986358404, 0.0308066587895154, -0.0680460929870605, 0.0474580861628055, 0.0093232402577996, -0.0050066332332789, -0.0143974125385284, -0.0238720793277025, -0.0158773437... |
67bbf2046d0df19cd5dbeb22 | 238,931 | Sparta | Most importantly, Spartan women had economic power because they controlled their own properties, and those of their husbands. It is estimated that in later Classical Sparta, when the male population was in serious decline, women were the sole owners of at least 35% of all land and property in Sparta. The laws regarding... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 86 | 95 | [-0.0727740749716758, 0.0843082964420318, 0.0507531277835369, -0.0291582886129617, -0.016102410852909, -0.0185102466493845, 0.0553524233400821, 0.0330893509089946, 0.0171019751578569, -0.0392692573368549, 0.0352949649095535, 0.0146459070965647, -0.0190673638135194, -0.0194328092038631, 0.0118302041664719, -0.0221844874... |
67bbf2046d0df19cd5dbeb23 | 238,932 | Sparta | Many women played a significant role in the history of Sparta. Queen Gorgo, heiress to the throne and the wife of Leonidas I, was an influential and well-documented figure. Herodotus records that as a small girl she advised her father Cleomenes to resist a bribe. She was later said to be responsible for decoding a warn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 87 | 95 | [-0.0838799402117729, 0.0665418282151222, 0.051615722477436, -0.0124022057279944, -0.0174004137516021, -0.0171794164925813, 0.0336175821721553, 0.0418109633028507, 0.0230454187840223, -0.0442951619625091, 0.0288902930915355, 0.0328495986759662, -0.0090805878862738, -0.0280421040952205, -0.030403658747673, -0.0168407056... |
67bbf2046d0df19cd5dbeb24 | 238,933 | Sparta | Laconophilia is love or admiration of Sparta and its culture or constitution. Sparta was subject of considerable admiration in its day, even in rival Athens. In ancient times "Many of the noblest and best of the Athenians always considered the Spartan state nearly as an ideal theory realised in practice." Many Greek ph... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 88 | 95 | [-0.0374894924461841, 0.0448689609766006, 0.0578149482607841, 0.0048918002285063, -0.0089830690994858, -0.0010650312760844, 0.0453937128186225, 0.0035992905031889, -0.0139251118525862, -0.0496440045535564, 0.0086779752746224, 0.0088015133515, -0.0069669587537646, -0.0352919250726699, -0.0463417433202266, -0.02243996411... |
67bbf2056d0df19cd5dbeb25 | 238,934 | Sparta | With the revival of classical learning in Renaissance Europe, Laconophilia re-appeared, for example in the writings of Machiavelli. The Elizabethan English constitutionalist John Aylmer compared the mixed government of Tudor England to the Spartan republic, stating that "Lacedemonia [was] the noblest and best city gove... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 89 | 95 | [-0.0492457523941993, 0.0351220816373825, 0.031979639083147, 0.0011400699149817, -0.0082922112196683, 0.0107227964326739, 0.0264731738716363, 0.0325104556977748, -0.016052758321166, -0.0509226769208908, -0.0011708992533385, 0.0118390331044793, 0.0140493726357817, -0.0375780500471591, -0.0221754387021064, -0.01378542091... |
67bbf2056d0df19cd5dbeb26 | 238,935 | Sparta | A German racist strain of Laconophilia was initiated by Karl Otfried Müller, who linked Spartan ideals to the supposed racial superiority of the Dorians, the ethnic sub-group of the Greeks to which the Spartans belonged. In the 20th century, this developed into Fascist admiration of Spartan ideals. Adolf Hitler praised... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 90 | 95 | [-0.0315160900354385, 0.0539254806935787, 0.0526853613555431, -0.0178094655275344, -0.0241889376193285, 0.0006805849843658, 0.0550164729356765, 0.0122105022892355, -0.0087432172149419, -0.0719219148159027, 0.0340478532016277, 0.0128670632839202, 0.044182363897562, -0.024887254461646, -0.0432338900864124, -0.01262505818... |
67bbf2056d0df19cd5dbeb27 | 238,936 | Sparta | Certain early Zionists, and particularly the founders of Kibbutz movement in Israel, were influenced by Spartan ideals, particularly in education. Tabenkin, a founding father of the Kibbutz movement and the Palmach strikeforce, prescribed that education for warfare "should begin from the nursery", that children should ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 91 | 95 | [-0.0270950775593519, 0.0254536997526884, 0.0182320307940244, -0.0303326547145843, 0.003720753127709, 0.0129590462893247, 0.0193090364336967, 0.0277873966842889, 0.0261356811970472, -0.074065625667572, 0.0206869803369045, -0.0279084481298923, 0.0001368866651318, 0.046873677521944, -0.0326447524130344, -0.00058282841928... |
67bbf2066d0df19cd5dbeb28 | 238,937 | Sparta | In modern times, the adjective "Spartan" means simple, frugal, avoiding luxury and comfort. The term "laconic phrase" describes the very terse and direct speech characteristic of the Spartans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 92 | 95 | [-0.0590149872004985, 0.0047263926826417, 0.0552795082330703, -0.0102798100560903, -0.0268766079097986, -0.0235388819128274, 0.0614990033209323, 0.0043384102173149, 0.0329221189022064, -0.0289693810045719, 0.0319761671125888, 0.0171891190111637, 0.0068998527713119, -0.0345791094005107, -0.0099503444507718, -0.001588911... |
67bbf2066d0df19cd5dbeb29 | 238,938 | Sparta | Sparta also features prominently in modern popular culture, most famously the Battle of Thermopylae (see Battle of Thermopylae in popular culture). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=36487 | 36,487 | 2,981.327637 | 93 | 95 | [-0.0667946636676788, 0.0081693707033991, 0.0464055649936199, -0.0308285523205995, -0.0061563816852867, -0.0326165221631526, 0.0209409184753894, 0.0333422049880027, 0.024381686002016, -0.0136729553341865, 0.0389101915061473, 0.0376507192850112, -0.0190734378993511, -0.0110214808955788, -0.0220407079905271, 0.0299104489... |
67bbf2066d0df19cd5dbeb2a | 238,939 | Kosovo War | The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war, and the Kosovo Albanian rebel group known as the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 0 | 59 | [-0.0515539422631263, 0.0583195947110652, 0.0016220945399254, -0.0368505120277404, 0.0561467893421649, 0.0060616619884967, 0.0353552773594856, -0.0097171161323785, 0.0150556610897183, -0.0302639622241258, -0.0043849954381585, 0.0168468076735734, -0.0028595167677849, -0.0159723199903965, 0.0100320419296622, -0.002185188... |
67bbf2076d0df19cd5dbeb2b | 238,940 | Kosovo War | The KLA formed in the early 1990s to fight against Serbian persecution of Kosovo Albanians. The KLA initiated its first campaign in 1995 when it launched attacks against Serbian law enforcement in Kosovo. In June 1996, the group claimed responsibility for acts of sabotage targeting Kosovo police stations, during the Ko... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 1 | 59 | [-0.0032677100971341, 0.0661541894078254, 0.0069645848125219, -0.0500544160604476, 0.0135691296309232, 0.009602733887732, 0.0398943498730659, -0.0165249500423669, 0.0007207389571703, -0.0127681698650121, -0.0223865993320941, 0.0085552912205457, 0.0306115690618753, -0.0237121619284153, 0.0011131749488413, 0.028812738135... |
67bbf2076d0df19cd5dbeb2c | 238,941 | Kosovo War | On 20 March 1999, Yugoslav forces began a massive campaign of repression and expulsions of Kosovar Albanians following the withdrawal of the OSCE Kosovo Verification Mission (KVM) and the failure of the proposed Rambouillet Agreement. In response to this, NATO intervened with an aerial bombing campaign that began on Ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 2 | 59 | [-0.0487444698810577, 0.0492936335504055, -0.0247864555567502, -0.0294186528772115, 0.0565165989100933, 0.0073599000461399, 0.0659391283988952, 0.0005201139720156, 0.0162784736603498, -0.0287532825022935, -0.0163487773388624, 0.0222778152674436, 0.0117175839841365, -0.0050482004880905, 0.0157029293477535, 0.01984849385... |
67bbf2076d0df19cd5dbeb2d | 238,942 | Kosovo War | In 2001 a Supreme Court, based in Kosovo and administered by the United Nations, found that there had been "a systematic campaign of terror, including murders, rapes, arsons and severe maltreatments", but that Yugoslav troops had tried to remove rather than eradicate the Albanian population. After the war, a list was c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 3 | 59 | [-0.0414014495909214, 0.0342911705374717, 0.0097093051299452, -0.0488970875740051, 0.0327883660793304, 0.0140498876571655, 0.0459926314651966, 0.0053938282653689, 0.0010986760025843, -0.0279894508421421, -0.0476389303803443, 0.0549554154276847, 0.0301337372511625, -0.0192702505737543, -0.0090368399396538, 0.02901380136... |
67bbf2086d0df19cd5dbeb2e | 238,943 | Kosovo War | The Kosovo Liberation Army disbanded soon after the end of the war, with some of its members going on to fight for the UÇPMB in the Preševo Valley and others joining the National Liberation Army (NLA) and Albanian National Army (ANA) during the armed ethnic conflict in Macedonia, while others went on to form the Kosovo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 4 | 59 | [-0.0336936675012111, 0.0599612556397914, -0.0090954238548874, -0.0303150210529565, 0.0520751699805259, -0.018945638090372, 0.026966281235218, -0.0052352966740727, 0.0045320019125938, -0.0075632371008396, -0.0138547103852033, 0.0184200853109359, 0.0029859154019504, -0.0497737973928451, 0.0096922097727656, 0.02767911739... |
67bbf2086d0df19cd5dbeb2f | 238,944 | Kosovo War | The modern Albanian-Serbian conflict has its roots in the expulsion of Albanians in 1877-1878 from areas that were incorporated into the Principality of Serbia Expelled Albanians settled in Kosovo and between 1876 and 1878 there were attacks on and in 1901 massacres of Kosovan Serbs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 5 | 59 | [-0.0384650155901908, 0.0431631989777088, -0.0047444473020732, -0.0380832962691783, 0.0288331229239702, 0.0090732900425791, 0.0434648320078849, -0.0069914739578962, 0.0297438278794288, -0.0323058143258094, -0.0199270881712436, 0.0218280237168073, 0.0165106989443302, 0.0064084660261869, -0.0110071329399943, 0.0132530331... |
67bbf2086d0df19cd5dbeb30 | 238,945 | Kosovo War | Tensions between the Serbian and Albanian communities in Kosovo simmered throughout the 20th century and occasionally erupted into major violence, particularly during the First Balkan War (1912–13), World War I (1914–18), and World War II (1939–45). The Albanian revolt of 1912 in Kosovo resulted in the Ottoman Empire a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 6 | 59 | [-0.0478616319596767, 0.0614043623208999, -0.0102861216291785, -0.0578641779720783, 0.037379752844572, 0.0156692042946815, 0.0507058203220367, -0.0204805806279182, 0.0186687633395195, 0.0027235527522861, -0.0413350388407707, 0.0139903863891959, -0.0004963048850186, 0.0141050973907113, -0.0206192191690206, -0.0054634106... |
67bbf2086d0df19cd5dbeb31 | 238,946 | Kosovo War | After World War I Kosovo was incorporated into the Serb-dominated Kingdom of Yugoslavia despite the Albanian community's demands for union with Albania. Between 1918 and 1939, Yugoslavia expelled hundreds of thousands of Albanians and promoted the settlement of mostly Serb colonists in the region, while Albanian langua... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 7 | 59 | [-0.029878007248044, 0.0447522662580013, -0.0005808903952129, -0.0464211851358413, 0.0270343124866485, 0.0070388787426054, 0.0488721281290054, -0.0173351317644119, 0.0207701437175273, -0.0142891239374876, -0.0278059691190719, 0.0050602592527866, 0.0116128083318471, -0.0050484766252338, 0.0090827587991952, 0.00214176625... |
67bbf2096d0df19cd5dbeb32 | 238,947 | Kosovo War | After 1945 the new socialist government under Josip Broz Tito systematically suppressed nationalism among the ethnic groups throughout Yugoslavia, and established six republics (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina) as constituent parts of the Yugoslav federation. Tito diluted the pow... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 8 | 59 | [-0.0581295639276504, 0.0764969289302825, 0.0115761561319231, -0.0405186936259269, 0.0144359422847628, -0.0028246915899217, 0.0233875066041946, -0.0072992630302906, 0.0255978722125291, 0.0046783150173723, -0.023574935272336, 0.0029698694124817, 0.0221666097640991, -0.0192761793732643, 0.0191462356597185, 0.025874748826... |
67bbf2096d0df19cd5dbeb33 | 238,948 | Kosovo War | The period of 1948–1963 in Kosovo was characterized by a brutal crackdown against Albanian nationalists by Aleksandar Ranković and his secret police (the UDBA). In 1955, a state of emergency was declared in order to squelch unrest that had purportedly been instigated by terror groups from Albania. Following Ranković's ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 9 | 59 | [-0.0460623502731323, 0.0731453970074653, 0.0434605441987514, -0.0010859864996746, 0.0330235250294208, 0.0074773882515728, 0.0048225135542452, 0.0091532468795776, 0.0423714555799961, -0.0179498624056577, -0.0516984537243843, -0.0198546778410673, 0.0095503143966197, -0.0161221958696842, 0.0099409436807036, 0.02351493947... |
67bbf2096d0df19cd5dbeb34 | 238,949 | Kosovo War | The University of Pristina was established as an independent institution in 1970, ending a long period when the institution had been run as an outpost of Belgrade University. The lack of Albanian-language educational materials in Yugoslavia hampered Albanian education in Kosovo, so an agreement was struck with Albania ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 10 | 59 | [-0.0540543720126152, 0.0653799772262573, 0.0081564271822571, -0.0375740602612495, 0.046496532857418, 0.0077721206471323, 0.0043806238099932, 0.0214452501386404, 0.029634516686201, -0.0249930154532194, -0.0428223237395286, 0.0134129123762249, -0.0001987206924241, -0.0071959192864596, -0.0329910814762115, -0.01513513270... |
67bbf20a6d0df19cd5dbeb35 | 238,950 | Kosovo War | In 1969 the Serbian Orthodox Church ordered its clergy to compile data on the ongoing problems of Serbs in Kosovo, seeking to pressure the government in Belgrade to do more to protect the interests of Serbs there. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 11 | 59 | [-0.029767008498311, 0.0268330257385969, 0.0238493122160434, -0.0202513318508863, 0.015577869489789, 0.0215630251914262, -0.0016942346701398, 0.0006064231274649, 0.0428985990583896, -0.0228708423674106, -0.0452594831585884, 0.0206919610500335, 0.0065689552575349, -0.0045536248944699, -0.0358970686793327, 0.029139695689... |
67bbf20a6d0df19cd5dbeb36 | 238,951 | Kosovo War | In 1974 Kosovo's political status improved further when a new Yugoslav constitution granted an expanded set of political rights. Along with Vojvodina, Kosovo was declared a province and gained many of the powers of a fully-fledged republic: a seat on the federal presidency and its own assembly, police force and nationa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 12 | 59 | [-0.052585132420063, 0.0607760325074195, -0.0051321233622729, -0.0396249741315841, 0.056097138673067, -0.0004260814457666, 0.0131787564605474, 0.0144034381955862, 0.0377854593098163, 0.0059585669077932, -0.013411808758974, 0.0255030784755945, 0.0180441252887249, 0.0201274920254945, -0.0167761035263538, 0.00048506644088... |
67bbf20a6d0df19cd5dbeb37 | 238,952 | Kosovo War | Provincial power was still exercised by the League of Communists of Kosovo, but now devolved mainly to ethnic Albanian communists. Tito's death on 4 May 1980 ushered in a long period of political instability, worsened by growing economic crisis and nationalist unrest. The first major outbreak occurred in Kosovo's main ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 13 | 59 | [-0.0488431490957737, 0.046841237694025, 0.0368277765810489, -0.0184737965464591, 0.0506810322403907, 0.006050516385585, 0.0233797468245029, 0.0389059297740459, 0.0370292216539382, -0.0189879108220338, -0.0312817208468914, 0.0021428545005619, 0.0027895304374396, 0.0253481399267911, -0.0208383854478597, 0.03054200857877... |
67bbf20a6d0df19cd5dbeb38 | 238,953 | Kosovo War | Communist hard-liners instituted a fierce crackdown on nationalism of all kinds. Kosovo endured a heavy secret-police presence throughout most of the 1980s that ruthlessly suppressed any unauthorised nationalist manifestations, both Albanian and Serbian. According to a report quoted by Mark Thompson, as many as 580,000... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 14 | 59 | [-0.0340125113725662, 0.0208936594426631, 0.0151975620537996, -0.0344836935400962, 0.0585656203329563, 0.0182397998869419, 0.006637557875365, 0.0116254836320877, 0.032818254083395, -0.0265238918364048, -0.0275196060538291, -0.0087820654734969, 0.0134001048281788, 0.0132933212444186, -0.0167377330362796, 0.0059568067081... |
67bbf20b6d0df19cd5dbeb39 | 238,954 | Kosovo War | In February 1982 a group of priests from Serbia proper petitioned their bishops to ask "why the Serbian Church is silent" and why it did not campaign against "the destruction, arson and sacrilege of the holy shrines of Kosovo". Such concerns did attract interest in Belgrade. Stories appeared from time to time in the Be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 15 | 59 | [-0.0297137983143329, 0.021512895822525, -0.0035260969307273, -0.0312499701976776, 0.0310328006744384, 0.0088229067623615, 0.0120708709582686, 0.0108236782252788, 0.0259005092084407, -0.0500111021101474, -0.0284678488969802, -0.0191164221614599, 0.012691605836153, 0.0071076313033699, -0.0250176936388015, 0.040126174688... |
67bbf20b6d0df19cd5dbeb3a | 238,955 | Kosovo War | In addition to all this, the worsening state of Kosovo's economy made the province a poor choice for Serbs seeking work. Albanians, as well as Serbs, tended to favor their compatriots when hiring new employees, but the number of jobs was too few for the population. Kosovo was the poorest entity of Yugoslavia: the avera... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 16 | 59 | [-0.0137072261422872, 0.0404850915074348, -0.007903316989541, -0.019228583201766, 0.0456927046179771, -0.0059213577769696, 0.0310850255191326, 0.0123199690133333, 0.0145279262214899, -0.0072875693440437, -0.0236905217170715, 0.0226818602532148, 0.0089683793485164, -0.0022046242374926, -0.0096506001427769, 0.00351404864... |
67bbf20c6d0df19cd5dbeb3b | 238,956 | Kosovo War | In 1981 it was reported that some 4,000 Serbs moved from Kosovo to central Serbia after the Kosovo Albanian riots in March that resulted in several Serb deaths and the desecration of Serbian Orthodox architecture and graveyards. Serbia reacted with a plan to reduce the power of Albanians in the province and a propagand... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 17 | 59 | [-0.0647164136171341, 0.0306989215314388, 0.0002220450842287, -0.0286715868860483, 0.0430540703237056, -0.0085937241092324, 0.017467075958848, 0.0142947891727089, 0.0403259582817554, -0.0244635418057441, -0.010558683425188, -0.0243349280208349, 0.0107252867892384, -0.0044339196756482, -0.0110254734754562, 0.01982082612... |
67bbf20c6d0df19cd5dbeb3c | 238,957 | Kosovo War | In 1987 David Binder wrote in "The New York Times" about the growing ethnic tension in Yugoslavia and rising nationalism among Albanians in Kosovo and referred to the Paraćin massacre, where an ethnic Albanian soldier in the JNA killed four fellow soldiers. Binder also—writing of Slobodan Milošević's deposing of Dragiš... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 18 | 59 | [-0.0314580276608467, 0.0515767782926559, -0.0044673602096736, -0.0567225590348243, 0.0549438782036304, -0.0217431802302598, 0.0148814264684915, 0.0117395706474781, 0.0218302477151155, -0.0194891709834337, 0.0103216366842389, -0.0062480941414833, 0.0407565422356128, -0.0216253828257322, -0.0203508976846933, 0.040305130... |
67bbf20c6d0df19cd5dbeb3d | 238,958 | Kosovo War | In Kosovo an increasingly poisonous atmosphere between Serbs and Albanians led to wild rumors being spread and otherwise trivial incidents being blown out of proportion. It was against this tense background that the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) conducted a survey of Serbs who had left Kosovo in 1985 and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 19 | 59 | [-0.0271835047751665, 0.0369284749031066, 0.0028067855164408, -0.0101782446727156, 0.0351450070738792, -0.0150585882365703, 0.0162097383290529, 0.0083878794685006, 0.0422244817018508, -0.0477254875004291, -0.0336889922618866, 0.0217274650931358, -0.0013808665098622, -0.0053411214612424, -0.0093034515157341, 0.011321122... |
67bbf20c6d0df19cd5dbeb3e | 238,959 | Kosovo War | The so-called SANU Memorandum, leaked in September 1986, was a draft document that focused on the political difficulties facing Serbs in Yugoslavia, pointing to Tito's deliberate hobbling of Serbia's power and the difficulties faced by Serbs outside Serbia proper. It paid special attention to Kosovo, arguing that the K... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 20 | 59 | [-0.0479079484939575, 0.0480572432279586, 0.0070567978546023, -0.0227871146053075, 0.080890379846096, -0.0164131261408329, 0.0331558510661125, 0.0031781585421413, 0.0316442996263504, -0.0291657727211713, -0.0513511411845684, 0.0204807389527559, 0.0329821072518825, 0.0052664862014353, 0.0051458119414746, -0.018202638253... |
67bbf20d6d0df19cd5dbeb3f | 238,960 | Kosovo War | In November 1988 Kosovo's head of the provincial committee was arrested. In March 1989 Milošević announced an "anti-bureaucratic revolution" in Kosovo and Vojvodina, curtailing their autonomy as well as imposing a curfew and a state of emergency in Kosovo due to violent demonstrations, resulting in 24 deaths (including... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 21 | 59 | [-0.0539278015494346, 0.0556101351976394, -0.0170160885900259, -0.0137616842985153, 0.0541454628109931, 0.0186278503388166, -0.0056704943999648, 0.0191681999713182, 0.0487057976424694, -0.0043983240611851, 0.0107213584706187, 0.010454574599862, 0.0225843209773302, -0.0320228524506092, -0.0111487191170454, 0.02265337109... |
67bbf20d6d0df19cd5dbeb40 | 238,961 | Kosovo War | On 17 November 1988 Kaqusha Jashari and Azem Vllasi were forced to resign from the leadership of the League of Communists of Kosovo (LCK). In early 1989 the Serbian Assembly proposed amendments to the Constitution of Serbia that would remove the word "Socialist" from the Serbian Republic's title, establish multi-party ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 22 | 59 | [-0.0566963627934455, 0.0389186292886734, 0.01132626645267, 0.01144933514297, 0.0527217462658882, 0.0086730821058154, 0.0112328706309199, 0.0245489701628685, 0.0345029383897781, 0.0036834373604506, -0.0281036384403705, 0.0230120364576578, -0.0064155352301895, -0.0074433176778256, -0.0032542718108743, 0.0026643346063792... |
67bbf20d6d0df19cd5dbeb41 | 238,962 | Kosovo War | On 8 May 1989 Milošević became President of the Presidency of Serbia, which was confirmed on 6 December. On 22 January 1990 the 14th congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) abolished the party's position as the only legal political party in Yugoslavia. In January 1990 the Yugoslav government announced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 23 | 59 | [-0.0553846731781959, 0.1057755947113037, -0.0165319368243217, -0.0269444845616817, 0.0475176312029361, -0.0188114903867244, 0.0328505039215087, 0.0171208400279283, 0.0226986985653638, -0.0169330481439828, -0.0079370969906449, 0.0435336865484714, -0.0152458688244223, -0.0001851864508353, 0.0023562391288578, 0.011307611... |
67bbf20e6d0df19cd5dbeb42 | 238,963 | Kosovo War | On 26 June 1990 Serbian authorities closed the Kosovo Assembly, citing special circumstances. On 1 or 2 July 1990 Serbia approved the new amendments to the Constitution of Serbia in a referendum. Also on 2 July, 114 ethnic Albanian delegates of the 180-member Kosovo Assembly declared Kosovo an independent republic with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 24 | 59 | [-0.0449214614927768, 0.04944733902812, 0.0082029337063431, -0.0267172940075397, 0.0472001656889915, 0.0224552694708108, 0.0081829195842146, 0.0245149154216051, 0.0499372482299804, -0.0143301198258996, -0.030633870512247, 0.0100676454603672, -0.014281278476119, -0.0026751486584544, 0.0017419923096895, -0.00079244270455... |
67bbf20e6d0df19cd5dbeb43 | 238,964 | Kosovo War | On 16 or 17 July 1990 the League of Communists of Serbia (LCS) combined with the Socialist Alliance of Working People of Serbia to become the Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS), and Milošević became its first president. On 8 August 1990 several amendments to the federal Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) Cons... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 25 | 59 | [-0.049565777182579, 0.0996847674250602, -0.010114706121385, -0.0473347641527652, 0.0385272614657878, -0.0186459738761186, 0.0266177970916032, -0.0107187218964099, 0.0072566559538245, -0.0132318930700421, -0.0085843643173575, 0.0434800051152706, 0.0021236899774521, -0.0011573724914342, -0.0117288092151284, 0.0356802009... |
67bbf20e6d0df19cd5dbeb44 | 238,965 | Kosovo War | On 7 September 1990 the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo was promulgated by the disbanded Assembly of Kosovo. Milošević responded by ordering the arrest of the deputies of the disbanded Assembly of Kosovo. The new controversial Serbian Constitution was promulgated on 28 September 1990. Multi-party elections were ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 26 | 59 | [-0.0534724295139312, 0.0769262909889221, -0.0086045740172266, -0.0215584486722946, 0.0609683580696582, 0.0039494116790592, 0.0381940454244613, 0.006885839626193, 0.0230577196925878, -0.0056605017744004, -0.0304407328367233, 0.0292569659650325, 0.0352462083101272, 0.0131604261696338, 0.0014833417953923, -0.000387902284... |
67bbf20e6d0df19cd5dbeb45 | 238,966 | Kosovo War | On 5 August 1991 the Serbian Assembly suspended the Priština daily "Rilindja", following the Law on Public Information of 29 March 1991 and establishment of the "Panorama" publishing house on 6 November which incorporated "Rilindja", which was declared unconstitutional by the federal authorities. United Nations Special... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 27 | 59 | [-0.0484773144125938, 0.0821237340569496, -0.0268663931638002, -0.0312867537140846, 0.0486164838075637, 0.0435687974095344, -0.0042910673655569, 0.0219671223312616, -0.0098389787599444, -0.0371373891830444, -0.026916516944766, -0.0050777811557054, 0.0185403991490602, 0.0100383600220084, 0.0217036288231611, 0.0108864633... |
67bbf20f6d0df19cd5dbeb46 | 238,967 | Kosovo War | The arrest and detainment of ethnic Albanians based on their ethnic or political affiliations was commonplace. Hundreds of thousands were fired from government and state-run institutions. By 1990 most Albanian schools were closed and the Serbian government required Albanian teachers to sign loyalty oaths in order to re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 28 | 59 | [-0.0120153706520795, 0.0477436669170856, -0.018222814425826, -0.0413974933326244, 0.0603027902543544, -0.028097990900278, 0.033314436674118, -0.0088715469464659, 0.0057997563853859, -0.0245238970965147, -0.0145032880827784, 0.0116580808535218, 0.0286084339022636, -0.0052145230583846, -0.0022150208242237, 0.02140544913... |
67bbf20f6d0df19cd5dbeb47 | 238,968 | Kosovo War | Kosovar Albanian families were penalized for having more than one child while Kosovo Serbs were rewarded for having large families. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 29 | 59 | [-0.0367303267121315, 0.0718796923756599, 0.0256053078919649, -0.0864423438906669, 0.0016301289433613, -0.0207714326679706, 0.0714609548449516, -0.0339661575853824, 0.003454292891547, -0.0581332072615623, -0.0200029592961072, -0.0092743476852774, 0.046756312251091, 0.0079167690128088, -0.0149977188557386, -0.0206077359... |
67bbf20f6d0df19cd5dbeb48 | 238,969 | Kosovo War | According to an Amnesty International report in 1998, due to dismissals from the Yugoslav government it was estimated that by 1998 unemployment rate in the Kosovar Albanian population was higher than 70%. The economic apartheid imposed by Belgrade was aimed at impoverishing an already poor Kosovo Albanian population. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 30 | 59 | [-0.0013000079197809, 0.0486613251268863, -0.0083338180556893, 7.58110254537e-05, 0.0400063544511795, 0.0130659667775034, 0.0378304198384285, 0.0265859328210353, 0.0182235613465309, -0.0317902825772762, -0.043216023594141, -0.001197152538225, 0.0094201304018497, -0.0139331175014376, -0.0008333458099514, 0.0116284331306... |
67bbf2106d0df19cd5dbeb49 | 238,970 | Kosovo War | In 1996, 16,000 Serb refugees from Bosnia and Croatia were settled in Kosovo by the Milosevic government, sometimes against their will. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 31 | 59 | [-0.0217428319156169, 0.0404019802808761, 0.0165956504642963, -0.0416645109653472, 0.0107115041464567, -0.0152114788070321, 0.0292370803654193, -0.0269951242953538, 0.0228430815041065, -0.021705038845539, -0.0430746600031852, 0.0275920201092958, 0.0125926546752452, 0.010520176962018, -0.000276834325632, 0.0395788028836... |
67bbf2106d0df19cd5dbeb4a | 238,971 | Kosovo War | Ibrahim Rugova, first President of the Republic of Kosovo pursued a policy of passive resistance which succeeded in maintaining peace in Kosovo during the earlier wars in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia during the early 1990s. As evidenced by the emergence of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), this came at the cost of incr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 32 | 59 | [-0.0406703762710094, 0.0830747261643409, -0.0042762253433465, -0.0516721419990062, 0.0305970255285501, -0.002284423680976, 0.056047648191452, 0.0069610765203833, -0.0077976593747735, -0.0019539154600352, -0.0275993626564741, 0.0187711231410503, 0.0217322148382663, -0.0223233196884393, 0.0089267389848828, 0.02352321147... |
67bbf2106d0df19cd5dbeb4b | 238,972 | Kosovo War | Continuing repression convinced many Albanians that only armed resistance would change the situation. On 22 April 1996, four attacks on Serbian security personnel were carried out almost simultaneously in different parts of Kosovo. The KLA, a hitherto-unknown organisation, subsequently claimed responsibility. The natur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 33 | 59 | [0.0047522727400064, 0.0673523470759391, -0.0099633717909455, -0.0313094072043895, 0.0335161015391349, -0.0017684734193608, 0.034375362098217, 0.0039652399718761, 0.0023682750761508, -0.0106447618454694, -0.0362004190683364, 0.0163018722087144, 0.0417544208467006, -0.0142070297151803, 0.0035432411823421, 0.025071166455... |
67bbf2106d0df19cd5dbeb4c | 238,973 | Kosovo War | As stated by Jakup Krasniqi, who was the spokesman of the group, the KLA was formed by some members from the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), a political party led by Rugova. The KLA and LDK shared the common goal of ending repression from Belgrade and making Kosovo independent, but the KLA was opposed to 'internal r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 34 | 59 | [-0.0140797849744558, 0.074255421757698, 0.0052571641281247, -0.0467415899038314, 0.047428723424673, 0.005729105323553, 0.0443358607590198, 0.0290917810052633, 0.0146652441471815, -0.0271285790950059, -0.0244268737733364, 0.038520973175764, 0.0059389965608716, -0.013964070007205, -0.001980347558856, 0.0047559263184666,... |
67bbf2116d0df19cd5dbeb4d | 238,974 | Kosovo War | KLA goals also included the establishment of a Greater Albania, a state stretching into surrounding FYR Macedonia, Montenegro and southern Serbia. In July 1998, in an interview for Der Spiegel, Jakup Krasniqi publicly announced that the KLA's goal was the unification of all Albanian-inhabited lands. Sulejman Selimi, a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 35 | 59 | [-0.0172759760171175, 0.0782292038202285, -0.0154405143111944, -0.0479784347116947, 0.0014036737848073, 0.0094010941684246, 0.0427571721374988, 0.0006624779198318, 0.0063448077999055, -0.0243221819400787, -0.0009420373244211, 0.031373132020235, 0.0218492466956377, -0.0002195028646383, 0.0039119757711887, 0.009345624595... |
67bbf2116d0df19cd5dbeb4e | 238,975 | Kosovo War | While Rugova promised to uphold the minority rights of Serbs in Kosovo, the KLA was much less tolerant. Selimi stated that "Serbs who have blood on their hands would have to leave the Kosovo". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 36 | 59 | [-0.0359594523906707, 0.0629459992051124, -0.0133409667760133, -0.0439420230686664, 0.0415797047317028, 0.0165032222867012, 0.054592166095972, 0.0078020337969064, 0.0142167638987302, -0.034036960452795, -0.0288141071796417, 0.0088265482336282, 0.0328273028135299, 0.0001225730811711, 0.0069074863567948, 0.03308273106813... |
67bbf2116d0df19cd5dbeb4f | 238,976 | Kosovo War | It is widely believed that the KLA received financial and material support from the Kosovo Albanian diaspora. In early 1997, Albania collapsed into chaos following the fall of President Sali Berisha. Albanian Armed Forces stockpiles were looted with impunity by criminal gangs, with much of the hardware ending up in wes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 37 | 59 | [0.0003648827841971, 0.0499873161315918, 0.0055997846648097, -0.0389765687286853, 0.0249023344367742, 0.0029614875093102, 0.0607009567320346, 0.0203056540340185, 0.0039783767424523, 0.0026788257528096, -0.0406235381960868, 0.0149620156735181, 0.0386877804994583, -0.0270085763186216, 0.0354314781725406, 0.01718008518218... |
67bbf2126d0df19cd5dbeb50 | 238,977 | Kosovo War | In 1998, the US State Department listed the KLA as a terrorist organisation, and in 1999 the US Senate Republican Policy Committee expressed its troubles with the "effective alliance" of the Democratic Clinton administration with the KLA due to "numerous reports from reputable unofficial sources". In 2004, John Pilger ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 38 | 59 | [-0.0599575154483318, 0.0558467991650104, -0.0059500313363969, -0.0307817198336124, 0.0509514026343822, 0.0144065683707594, 0.0238138176500797, 0.0014573109801858, -0.0006897578714415, 0.0020458553917706, -0.0626191198825836, 0.0060521932318806, 0.0226176250725984, -0.0516848787665367, 0.0177425127476453, 0.02308725565... |
67bbf2126d0df19cd5dbeb51 | 238,978 | Kosovo War | Meanwhile, the US held an "outer wall of sanctions" on Yugoslavia which had been tied to a series of issues, including Kosovo. These were maintained despite the agreement at Dayton to end all sanctions. The Clinton administration claimed that the agreement bound Yugoslavia to hold discussions with Rugova over Kosovo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 39 | 59 | [-0.0275868978351354, 0.0340622216463089, -0.0069516166113317, -0.0428758338093757, 0.0407249815762043, 0.0127739189192652, 0.076239176094532, -0.0031489627435803, 0.0183806661516428, -0.0258838851004838, -0.0884387344121933, 0.0461928248405456, 0.0230662878602743, -0.0424842238426208, 0.0049291248433291, -0.0141710033... |
67bbf2126d0df19cd5dbeb52 | 238,979 | Kosovo War | The crisis escalated in December 1997 at the Peace Implementation Council meeting in Bonn, where the international community (as defined in the Dayton Agreement) agreed to give the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina sweeping powers, including the right to dismiss elected leaders. At the same time, Western di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 40 | 59 | [-0.0418862029910087, 0.0268026329576969, 0.0088373981416225, -0.0152367064729332, 0.0390750616788864, 0.0099999578669667, 0.0667408630251884, 0.0191196296364069, 0.0145749384537339, -0.0106572806835174, -0.0273634437471628, 0.0488666705787181, 0.0286923106759786, 0.0143003342673182, 0.0082044228911399, -0.003951561637... |
67bbf2136d0df19cd5dbeb53 | 238,980 | Kosovo War | KLA attacks intensified, centering on the Drenica valley area with the compound of Adem Jashari being a focal point. Days after Robert Gelbard described the KLA as a terrorist group, Serbian police responded to the KLA attacks in the Likošane area, and pursued some of the KLA to Čirez, resulting in the deaths of 16 Alb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 41 | 59 | [-0.038057692348957, 0.0311250407248735, 0.0186580587178468, -0.0314469747245311, 0.0290138106793165, -0.0068444469943642, 0.0252370256930589, 0.0284723248332738, -0.0176454912871122, -0.0018644632073119, -0.0551655553281307, 0.0444695055484771, 0.031664665788412, -0.0182784721255302, 0.0020584759768098, 0.013115951791... |
67bbf2136d0df19cd5dbeb54 | 238,981 | Kosovo War | Despite some accusations of summary executions and killings of civilians, condemnations from Western capitals were not as voluble as they would become later. Serb police began to pursue Jashari and his followers in the village of Donje Prekaze. On 5 March 1998, a massive firefight at the Jashari compound led to the mas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 42 | 59 | [-0.0471355244517326, 0.0359757058322429, 0.051217708736658, -0.0580487921833992, 0.0131568387150764, 0.0254389774054288, 0.0393983237445354, 0.0167305022478103, 0.0177684593945741, -0.0207064859569072, -0.0382968746125698, 0.0076143867336213, 0.0187473688274621, -0.0209894590079784, -0.0029002646915614, 0.031135201454... |
67bbf2136d0df19cd5dbeb55 | 238,982 | Kosovo War | On 24 March, Yugoslav forces surrounded the village of Glodjane and attacked a rebel compound there. Despite superior firepower, the Yugoslav forces failed to destroy the KLA unit, which had been their objective. Although there were deaths and severe injuries on the Albanian side, the insurgency in Glodjane was far fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 43 | 59 | [-0.0343083478510379, 0.0173500869423151, 0.0136810326948761, -0.0455955639481544, 0.0152931008487939, -0.0107183158397674, 0.0270304139703512, 0.0090341223403811, 0.0128249367699027, -0.0114501304924488, -0.0154358027502894, 0.0659897327423095, -0.0077204839326441, -0.0303946137428283, -0.0021678716875612, 0.019150704... |
67bbf2136d0df19cd5dbeb56 | 238,983 | Kosovo War | A new Yugoslav government was formed at this time, led by the Socialist Party of Serbia and the Serbian Radical Party. Ultra-nationalist Radical Party chairman Vojislav Šešelj became a deputy prime minister. This increased the dissatisfaction with the country's position among Western diplomats and spokespersons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 44 | 59 | [-0.0462249964475631, 0.0737342238426208, -0.0030367672443389, -0.0468374527990818, 0.0205256808549165, -0.0032521684188395, 0.0349718071520328, 0.0189427807927131, 0.0017628620844334, -8.35597602417e-05, 0.0011192673118785, 0.0361151546239852, 0.0033936016261577, -0.0567443817853927, -0.0070175752043724, 0.02911122515... |
67bbf2146d0df19cd5dbeb57 | 238,984 | Kosovo War | In early April, Serbia arranged for a referendum on the issue of foreign interference in Kosovo. Serbian voters decisively rejected foreign interference in the crisis. Meanwhile, the KLA claimed much of the area in and around Deçan and ran a territory based in the village of Glodjane, encompassing its surroundings. On ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 45 | 59 | [-0.0322562493383884, 0.0598310157656669, 0.048245333135128, -0.0105649530887603, 0.0255729649215936, 0.0143954511731863, 0.0083891041576862, 0.0038775894790887, -0.0092632472515106, -0.0222667530179023, -0.0307569652795791, 0.0352530628442764, -0.0078514805063605, -0.0139388963580131, 0.0075817392207682, 0.02519400231... |
67bbf2146d0df19cd5dbeb58 | 238,985 | Kosovo War | During this time, Yugoslav President Milošević reached an arrangement with Boris Yeltsin of Russia to stop offensive operations and prepare for talks with the Albanians, who refused to talk to the Serbian side throughout the crisis, but would talk with the Yugoslav government. In fact, the only meeting between Miloševi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 46 | 59 | [-0.0575509592890739, 0.0724718049168586, 0.0091985240578651, -0.0411671958863735, 0.0528392381966114, 0.023701325058937, 0.0544089302420616, 0.003618482267484, 0.020137270912528, -0.0382379814982414, -0.0576308518648147, 0.0334266871213912, 0.0235267058014869, -0.0124618848785758, -0.0086508132517337, 0.02132668159902... |
67bbf2146d0df19cd5dbeb59 | 238,986 | Kosovo War | The Yeltsin agreement required Milošević to allow international representatives to set up a mission in Kosovo to monitor the situation there. The Kosovo Diplomatic Observer Mission (KDOM) began operations in early July 1998. The US government welcomed this part of the agreement, but denounced the initiative's call for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 47 | 59 | [-0.0628357827663421, 0.0778992399573326, -0.0022232283372431, -0.0440327040851116, 0.026666659861803, 0.0188144594430923, 0.0088214240968227, 0.0309204962104558, 0.0519718676805496, -0.0386495292186737, -0.0360892787575721, 0.0360670834779739, 0.0011721585178747, -0.005112596321851, 0.0112143950536847, 0.0203510019928... |
67bbf2146d0df19cd5dbeb5a | 238,987 | Kosovo War | All through June and into mid-July, the KLA maintained its advance. The KLA surrounded Peć and Đakovica, and set up an interim capital in the town of Mališevo (north of Orahovac). KLA troops infiltrated Suva Reka and the northwest of Pristina. They moved on to capture the Belacevec coal pits in late June, threatening e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 48 | 59 | [-0.0367263816297054, 0.0666654407978057, 0.0131770223379135, -0.0155813414603471, -0.0047226245515048, 0.0063411467708647, 0.0229866132140159, -0.0184976290911436, 0.0264567714184522, -0.0076546627096831, -0.0435354374349117, 0.0299602076411247, 0.0412461422383785, -0.0192791521549224, 0.0402262806892395, 0.0382437109... |
67bbf2156d0df19cd5dbeb5b | 238,988 | Kosovo War | The tide turned in mid-July when the KLA captured Orahovac. On 17 July 1998, two nearby villages, Retimlije and Opteruša, were also captured, while less systematic events took place in the larger Serb-populated village of Velika Hoča. The Orthodox monastery of Zočište was looted and torched. This led to a series of Ser... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 49 | 59 | [-0.0251090507954359, 0.0431655310094356, 0.0180989988148212, -0.0707350149750709, 0.0123936850577592, 0.023804310709238, 0.0004051888827234, -0.0073249451816082, 0.0060397419147193, -0.0372665598988533, -0.0503236651420593, 0.0280475653707981, 0.0304998289793729, 0.0183220617473125, 0.0175779405981302, 0.0438400320708... |
67bbf2156d0df19cd5dbeb5c | 238,989 | Kosovo War | A new set of KLA attacks in mid-August triggered Yugoslavian operations in south-central Kosovo, south of the Pristina-Peć road. The KLA began an offensive on 1 September around Prizren, causing Yugoslavian military activity there. In western Kosovo, around Peć, another offensive caused condemnation as international of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 50 | 59 | [-0.0083103077486157, 0.0270243026316165, 0.0173869729042053, -0.0607963986694812, 0.0275947414338588, 0.0218516513705253, 0.0259016081690788, -0.0097889071330428, 0.0187673661857843, -0.0199043452739715, -0.0363558866083622, 0.0102257030084729, 0.0348693095147609, 0.0019023455679416, -0.0242787301540374, 0.04948684200... |
67bbf2156d0df19cd5dbeb5d | 238,990 | Kosovo War | In early mid-September, for the first time, KLA activity was reported in northern Kosovo around Podujevo. Finally, in late September, a determined effort was made to clear the KLA out of the northern and central parts of Kosovo and out of the Drenica valley itself. During this time many threats were made from Western c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 51 | 59 | [-0.015732092782855, 0.0291343387216329, 0.0380541272461414, -0.0223787613213062, 0.042286105453968, 0.0118495728820562, 0.0692529082298278, 0.0081808986142277, 0.0022322766017168, -0.0355195924639701, -0.0255186595022678, 0.0283439308404922, 0.0202670115977525, 0.0189068783074617, -0.0050733080133795, 0.02262688428163... |
67bbf2166d0df19cd5dbeb5e | 238,991 | Kosovo War | Morale was a serious problem for Serb forces; intelligence surveys found that many soldiers disagreed with their comrades' actions. One tank commander reported, "for the entire time I was in Kosovo, I never saw an enemy soldier and my unit was never once involved in firing at enemy targets. The tanks which cost $2.5 mi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 52 | 59 | [-0.0258320458233356, 0.049965601414442, 0.0108485119417309, -0.0225930660963058, 0.018289303407073, 0.0124306185171008, 0.0359365865588188, 0.031295858323574, -0.0019913837313652, -0.0320451818406581, -0.0440804958343505, -0.0183799359947443, 0.0542720332741737, -0.0277682226151227, 0.0123977186158299, 0.0422068648040... |
67bbf2166d0df19cd5dbeb5f | 238,992 | Kosovo War | When retreating from Kosovo after NATO intervention, Yugoslav units appeared combat effective with high morale and displaying large holdings of undamaged equipment. Weeks before the end of hostilities, David Fromkin noted that "it seemed possible that NATO unity might crack before Yugoslav morale did." The announcement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 53 | 59 | [-0.0710868760943412, 0.0539173260331153, 0.0257371682673692, -0.0180387590080499, 0.032284703105688, -0.0161587074398994, 0.0352994091808795, 0.0111658731475472, 0.0236613601446151, -0.0236215963959693, -0.0747943148016929, -0.0237704087048769, 0.0175886284559965, -0.0281050205230712, -0.0159455444663763, 0.0422770194... |
67bbf2166d0df19cd5dbeb60 | 238,993 | Kosovo War | On 9 June 1998, US President Bill Clinton declared a "national emergency" (state of emergency) due to the "unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the United States" imposed by Yugoslavia and Serbia over the Kosovo War. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 54 | 59 | [-0.0431469567120075, 0.0527947433292865, 0.0507730394601821, -0.0161705091595649, 0.0213336702436208, 0.0229348521679639, 0.0091794347390532, 0.0127506032586097, 0.0373327247798442, -0.0481661297380924, -0.0226326547563076, 0.0017256332794204, -0.0030775747727602, -0.0389838851988315, -0.018008679151535, -0.0035394760... |
67bbf2176d0df19cd5dbeb61 | 238,994 | Kosovo War | On 23 September 1998, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1199. This expressed 'grave concern' at reports reaching the Secretary General that over 230,000 people had been displaced from their homes by 'the excessive and indiscriminate use of force by Serbia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 55 | 59 | [-0.0291947647929191, 0.0059012789279222, 0.0118597960099577, -0.0491493791341781, 0.0213587973266839, 0.0256719682365655, 0.0712272897362709, 0.0351596772670745, 0.0039485031738877, -0.0433044321835041, -0.0361978411674499, 0.0389505438506603, 0.0177515987306833, -0.0148868514224886, 0.0376453325152397, 0.024486137554... |
67bbf2176d0df19cd5dbeb62 | 238,995 | Kosovo War | Meanwhile, the US Ambassador to the Republic of Macedonia, Christopher Hill, was leading shuttle diplomacy between an Albanian delegation, led by Rugova, and the Yugoslav and Serbian authorities. These meetings were shaping the peace plan to be discussed during a period of planned NATO occupation of Kosovo. During a pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 56 | 59 | [-0.0736414492130279, 0.0495293624699115, -0.0193361993879079, -0.0581256337463855, 0.0360960960388183, 0.0296976920217275, 0.0475688502192497, 0.0064595742151141, 0.0179751217365264, 0.0003546398074831, -0.058377593755722, 0.0439006611704826, 0.0061512389220297, -0.0006757412338629, -0.013968258164823, -0.004295193124... |
67bbf2176d0df19cd5dbeb63 | 238,996 | Kosovo War | On 13 October 1998, the North Atlantic Council issued activation orders for the execution of both limited air strikes and a phased air campaign in Yugoslavia which would begin in approximately 96 hours. On 15 October the NATO Kosovo Verification Mission (KVM) Agreement for a ceasefire was signed, and the deadline for w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 57 | 59 | [-0.0406450480222702, 0.0430159159004688, -0.0065551940351724, -0.0463761687278747, 0.0498463548719882, 0.0098694059997797, 0.0264192204922437, 0.0190483424812555, 0.0002027161244768, -0.0303964149206876, -0.0317881181836128, 0.0047533875331282, -0.0128435008227825, -0.0124200675636529, 0.030681537464261, 0.00355679378... |
67bbf2186d0df19cd5dbeb64 | 238,997 | Kosovo War | The KVM was a large contingent of unarmed Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) peace monitors (officially known as verifiers) that moved into Kosovo. Their inadequacy was evident from the start. They were nicknamed the "clockwork oranges" in reference to their brightly coloured vehicles. Fighting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 58 | 59 | [-0.0258347149938344, 0.0543778948485851, 0.0153992380946874, -0.0345008932054042, 0.0205088276416063, -0.0206295680254697, 0.0070255477912724, 0.0150092588737607, 0.0172083396464586, -0.0275685042142868, -0.005661585368216, 0.0248367059975862, 0.02518305554986, -0.0235046558082103, 0.025924002751708, 0.010589144192636... |
67bbf2186d0df19cd5dbeb65 | 238,998 | Kosovo War | The January to March 1999 phase of the war brought increasing insecurity in urban areas, including bombings and murders. Such attacks took place during the Rambouillet talks in February and as the Kosovo Verification Agreement unraveled in March. Killings on the roads continued and increased. There were military confro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 59 | 59 | [-0.0573943369090557, 0.003882058430463, 0.0053243064321577, -0.0332736186683177, 0.029656633734703, -0.0027786043938249, -0.0090317018330097, 0.014822905883193, 0.0297144707292318, -0.0174266193062067, -0.0314784198999404, 0.0271999612450599, 0.0393371470272541, -0.004486730787903, -0.0216749794781208, 0.0354430042207... |
67bbf2186d0df19cd5dbeb66 | 238,999 | Kosovo War | On 15 January 1999 the Račak massacre occurred when 45 Kosovan Albanians were killed. The bodies had been discovered by OSCE monitors, including Head of Mission William Walker, and foreign news correspondents. Yugoslavia denied a massacre took place. The Račak massacre was the culmination of the conflict between the KL... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 60 | 59 | [-0.033264011144638, 0.0583899915218353, -0.0036542424932122, -0.0358858406543731, 0.0056169237941503, 0.0193121805787086, 0.0336023792624473, 0.0175347495824098, 0.0026645818725228, -0.0281313452869653, -0.0422506928443908, 0.0268874913454055, 0.0401771031320095, -0.003403672715649, 0.0182070415467023, 0.0368685573339... |
67bbf2196d0df19cd5dbeb67 | 239,000 | Kosovo War | On 30 January 1999 NATO issued a statement announcing that the North Atlantic Council had agreed that "the NATO Secretary General may authorise air strikes against targets on FRY territory" to "[compel] compliance with the demands of the international community and [to achieve] a political settlement". While this was m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 61 | 59 | [-0.0560239851474761, 0.024219712242484, 0.0102302646264433, -0.0369981825351715, 0.0431403778493404, 0.0494834966957569, 0.0600520856678485, 0.0194597374647855, 0.0143256857991218, -0.0001033364460454, -0.0062775798141956, 0.0233172513544559, -0.0020295910071581, -0.0246437694877386, 0.0075181876309216, -0.00142539769... |
67bbf2196d0df19cd5dbeb68 | 239,001 | Kosovo War | Also on 30 January 1999 the Contact Group issued a set of "non-negotiable principles" which made up a package known as "Status Quo Plus"—effectively the restoration of Kosovo's pre-1990 autonomy within Serbia, plus the introduction of democracy and supervision by international organisations. It also called for a peace ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 62 | 59 | [-0.0753853023052215, 0.0533138662576675, -0.0075705857016146, -0.0192727223038673, 0.0270369667559862, 0.0269218552857637, 0.0365923270583152, 0.0296371635049581, 0.0180672481656074, -0.0018509861547499, -0.0441950112581253, 0.0453200079500675, 0.0129059068858623, 0.0099623277783393, 0.0023549532052129, -0.00435848347... |
67bbf2196d0df19cd5dbeb69 | 239,002 | Kosovo War | The Rambouillet talks began on 6 February 1999, with NATO Secretary General Javier Solana negotiating with both sides. They were intended to conclude by 19 February. The FR Yugoslavian delegation was led by then president of Serbia Milan Milutinović, while Milošević himself remained in Belgrade. This was in contrast to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 63 | 59 | [-0.04012406244874, 0.0420821569859981, -0.0237980242818593, -0.0177815835922956, 0.0587606541812419, -0.0135208554565906, 0.0468595623970031, 0.0052262474782764, -0.000256864761468, -0.015092434361577, -0.0491088256239891, 0.0361137799918651, 0.0320923179388046, -0.0213414821773767, -0.0336479805409908, 0.008028557524... |
67bbf2196d0df19cd5dbeb6a | 239,003 | Kosovo War | The first phase of negotiations was successful. In particular, a statement was issued by the Contact Group co-chairmen on 23 February 1999 that the negotiations "have led to a "consensus" on substantial autonomy for Kosovo, including on mechanisms for free and fair elections to democratic institutions, for the governan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 64 | 59 | [-0.0626979395747184, 0.0808639600872993, -0.0163966715335845, -0.0519016049802303, 0.0238601043820381, 0.0159283969551324, 0.01925447024405, 0.0212975610047578, 0.0169594045728445, 0.0133360400795936, -0.0045416285283863, 0.0756474584341049, 0.0172846894711256, 0.0146431131288409, -0.0024241728242486, 0.00463914358988... |
67bbf21a6d0df19cd5dbeb6b | 239,004 | Kosovo War | While the accords did not fully satisfy the Albanians, they were much too radical for the Yugoslavs, who responded by substituting a drastically revised text that even Russia (ally of FR Yugoslavia) found unacceptable. It sought to reopen the painstakingly negotiated political status of Kosovo and deleted all of the pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 65 | 59 | [-0.0321980714797973, 0.0524970851838588, -0.0246881581842899, -0.045249830931425, 0.0592860877513885, 0.0203690249472856, 0.047945313155651, 0.0169682670384645, 0.0267442353069782, 0.0133466441184282, -0.027771059423685, 0.052959244698286, 0.024028168991208, -0.0182472243905067, -0.024948114529252, 0.0056710382923483,... |
67bbf21a6d0df19cd5dbeb6c | 239,005 | Kosovo War | On 18 March 1999, the Albanian, US, and British delegations signed what became known as the Rambouillet Accords, while the Yugoslav and Russian delegations refused. The accords called for NATO administration of Kosovo as an autonomous province within Yugoslavia, a force of 30,000 NATO troops to maintain order in Kosovo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=16760 | 16,760 | 2,981.321533 | 66 | 59 | [-0.0771830603480339, 0.0533214882016181, -0.0239445623010396, -0.0207221712917089, 0.0649784728884697, 0.0181537047028541, 0.0115263434126973, -0.0020777655299752, 0.0269504114985466, -0.0133326007053256, -0.0159710552543401, 0.0348404049873352, 0.0187633670866489, -0.0425997227430343, -0.0086396066471934, 0.032052148... |
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