review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD004062 | [
"11966543",
"14572560",
"9440631",
"15647648",
"7904847",
"8284627",
"8759659",
"11007222",
"10692734"
] | [
"Successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori prevents relapse of peptic ulcer disease.",
"Eradication of Helicobacter pylori improves the healing rate and reduces the relapse rate of nonbleeding ulcers in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer.",
"One-week antibiotics versus maintenance acid suppression therapy ... | [
"The NIH consensus conference in 1994 recommended that all patients with peptic ulcers should be tested and treated for Helicobacter pylori. Recent studies have shown that the eradication of H. pylori is associated with a significant reduction in the relapse rate of peptic ulcers, but there are few reports about lo... | Treatment of H. pylori infection is more effective than antisecretory non-eradication therapy (with or without long-term maintenance antisecretory therapy) in preventing recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer. All patients with peptic ulcer bleeding should be tested for H. pylori infection, and eradication therapy should... |
CD006930 | [
"16076335",
"10449846",
"17277653",
"17698432",
"16749570",
"12960786",
"9171125",
"7577282",
"9322475"
] | [
"Randomized, prospective comparison of postoperative pain in low- versus high-pressure pneumoperitoneum.",
"Randomized comparison between low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy.",
"Prospective randomized trial on low-pressure versus standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum ... | [
"Reduced postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) compared to open cholecystectomy (OC) may be able to be further optimized. To reduce pain, focus should be directed on the effects of individual components of pain.\n A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was carried out in a ... | Low pressure pneumoperitoneum appears effective in decreasing pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The safety of low pressure pneumoperitoneum has to be established. |
CD002814 | [
"20626310",
"18647729",
"8747817",
"21281410",
"2206966",
"6842217",
"11215597",
"21239366",
"6202993"
] | [
"The effectiveness of traditional methods and altered auditory feedback in improving speech rate and intelligibility in speakers with Parkinson's disease.",
"Design and methods of a randomized controlled trial on early speech and language therapy in patients with acute stroke and aphasia.",
"Comparison of two f... | [
"Communication problems are a frequent symptom for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) which can have a significant impact on their quality-of-life. Deciding on the right management approach can be problematic though, as, with the exception of LSVT, very few studies have been published demonstrating the effectiven... | Considering the small patient numbers in these trials, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the efficacy of any form of SLT over another to treat speech problems in patients with Parkinson's disease. |
CD010538 | [
"17318618",
"9269267",
"10908688",
"16331769",
"1954640",
"1375648",
"1985618",
"11203735",
"9310109"
] | [
"Choosing between NSAID and arnica for topical treatment of hand osteoarthritis in a randomised, double-blind study.",
"Copper-salicylate gel for pain relief in osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial comparing topical piroxicam gel with a homeopathic gel in osteoarthriti... | [
"The use of topical preparations for symptom relief is common in osteoarthritis. The effects of ibuprofen (5%) and arnica (50 g tincture/100 g, DER 1:20), as gel preparations in patients with radiologically confirmed and symptomatically active osteoarthritis of interphalangeal joints of hands, were evaluated in a r... | Although the mechanism of action of the topical medicinal plant products provides a rationale basis for their use in the treatment of osteoarthritis, the quality and quantity of current research studies of effectiveness are insufficient. Arnica gel probably improves symptoms as effectively as a gel containing non-stero... |
CD006706 | [
"7778840",
"9220235",
"6378236",
"9224082",
"7767151",
"6359995",
"6313595",
"15512809",
"3006228"
] | [
"Famciclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster: effects on acute disease and postherpetic neuralgia. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Collaborative Famciclovir Herpes Zoster Study Group.",
"Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel (Virgan; 0.15%) in the treatment of herpes simplex keratitis.",
"Or... | [
"To document the effects of treatment with famciclovir on the acute signs and symptoms of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia.\n A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial.\n 36 centers in the United States, Canada, and Australia.\n 419 immuno... | There is evidence that aciclovir is efficacious in the prevention and treatment of herpes simplex virus infections. There is no evidence that valaciclovir is more efficacious than aciclovir, or that a high dose of valaciclovir is better than a low dose of valaciclovir. There is evidence that as a prophylaxis, placebo i... |
CD008185 | [
"16912578",
"17483124",
"3307390",
"8006396",
"11386930",
"8339411",
"8938179",
"19042837",
"2530317"
] | [
"A phase II/III clinical study of enzyme replacement therapy with idursulfase in mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome).",
"Effects of enzyme replacement therapy on the cardiomyopathy of Anderson-Fabry disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of agalsidase alfa.",
"A prospectiv... | [
"To evaluate the safety and efficacy of recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase (idursulfase) in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis II.\n Ninety-six mucopolysaccharidosis II patients between 5 and 31 years of age were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized ... | The current evidence is limited. While the randomised clinical trial identified was considered to be of good quality, it failed to describe important outcomes. It has been demonstrated that enzyme replacement therapy with idursulfase is effective in relation to functional capacity (distance walked in six minutes and fo... |
CD002776 | [
"2035325",
"2587133",
"1444522",
"9875038",
"7780540",
"3421279",
"16519625",
"3601288",
"1428134"
] | [
"Vitamin K to neonates. Peroral versus intramuscular administration.",
"Maternal administration of vitamin K does not improve the coagulation profile of preterm infants.",
"Effects of oral and intramuscular vitamin K prophylaxis on vitamin K1, PIVKA-II, and clotting factors in breast fed infants.",
"A new mix... | [
"In a randomized study of 300 infants, the effect of 1 mg of peroral vitamin K given at birth was compared to the same dose given as an intramuscular injection. The combined activity of coagulation factor II + VII + X taken after 48 and before 72 hours after delivery served as the primary endpoint. Prothrombin (ant... | A single dose (1.0 mg) of intramuscular vitamin K after birth is effective in the prevention of classic HDN. Either intramuscular or oral (1.0 mg) vitamin K prophylaxis improves biochemical indices of coagulation status at 1-7 days. Neither intramuscular nor oral vitamin K has been tested in randomized trials with resp... |
CD003352 | [
"17134849",
"9803702",
"18164144",
"17347121",
"20545388",
"8122955",
"12757964",
"12873248",
"3276670"
] | [
"Safety, tolerability and efficacy of levodopa-carbidopa treatment for cocaine dependence: two double-blind, randomized, clinical trials.",
"Superior efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for urban crack cocaine abusers: main and matching effects.",
"Levodopa pharmacotherapy for cocaine dependence: choosing ... | [
"The role of dopamine in cocaine abuse has been long recognized. Cocaine use can profoundly alter dopaminergic functioning through depletion of this monoamine and changes in receptor functioning. Based on these facts, levodopa (L-dopa) pharmacotherapy may be helpful in reducing or abolishing cocaine use.\n ... | Current evidence from randomised controlled trials does not support the use of dopamine agonists for treating cocaine dependence. This absence of evidence may leave to clinicians the alternative of balancing the possible benefits against the potential adverse effects of the treatment.Even the potential benefit of combi... |
CD005193 | [
"10587936",
"15282836",
"17071020",
"11258740",
"9513628",
"12084137",
"7573630",
"19705680",
"9170765"
] | [
"Comparing the impact of standard and abbreviated treatment in a therapeutic community. Findings from the district of Columbia treatment initiative experiment.",
"Modified TC for MICA offenders: crime outcomes.",
"Adapting judicial supervision to the risk level of drug offenders: discharge and 6-month outcomes ... | [
"This study examines the efficacy of providing Enhanced Abbreviated or Standard Inpatient treatment and Outpatient treatment to drug-abusing clients. The experiment randomly assigned 412 clients to two therapeutic community programs, which differed primarily in planned duration. This study addressed limitations of ... | Limited conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of drug treatment programmes for drug-using offenders in the courts or the community. This is partly due to the broad range of studies and the heterogeneity of the different outcome measures presented. Therapeutic communities with aftercare show promising results... |
CD000523 | [
"18260482",
"7675718",
"1527129",
"2670950",
"10791665",
"7327728",
"8245085",
"3881447",
"11886906"
] | [
"Conservative management of minimally displaced isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft.",
"Treatment of ulnar shaft fractures: a prospective, randomized study.",
"Isolated ulnar shaft fractures. Comparison of treatment by a functional brace and long-arm cast.",
"Operative or conservative treatment for trochant... | [
"The purpose of this prospective study was to compare three different ways of conservative management of isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft: immediate mobilisation, below-elbow plaster cast and above-elbow plaster cast immobilisation. Over a 24-month period, 102 minimally displaced isolated fractures of the dist... | There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine which method of treatment is the most appropriate for isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. Well designed and reported randomised trials of current forms of conservative treatment are recommended. |
CD001415 | [
"10448830",
"8232945",
"1907907",
"11407953",
"8082624",
"3514204",
"8956924",
"17382827",
"10958046"
] | [
"Gabapentin as add-on therapy in children with refractory partial seizures: a 12-week, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gabapentin Paediatric Study Group.",
"Gabapentin as add-on therapy in refractory partial epilepsy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. The US Gabapentin... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of gabapentin (Neurontin; GBP) as add-on therapy for refractory partial seizures in paediatric patients aged 3-12 years.\n After a 6-week baseline period, 247 patients (54 centres) entered a 12-week double-blind phase and were randomized to receive either GBP (t.i... | Gabapentin has efficacy as an add-on treatment in people with drug-resistant partial epilepsy. However, trials reviewed were of relatively short duration, and provide no evidence for the long-term efficacy of gabapentin. Results cannot be extrapolated to monotherapy or people with other epilepsy types. |
CD006863 | [
"2512486",
"9113009",
"12081581",
"8092094",
"1984187",
"2767740",
"3703632",
"11953922",
"11730397"
] | [
"The effect of protein restriction on the progression of renal insufficiency.",
"Randomised multicentre study of a low-protein diet on the progression of chronic renal failure in children. European Study Group of Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood.",
"Effect of dietary protein restricti... | [
"Dietary protein intake may be an important determinant of the rate of decline in renal function in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. We conducted a prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of protein restriction in slowing the rate of progression of renal impairment. The study lasted 18 months and in... | Reducing protein intake does not appear to have significant impact in delaying the progression to ESKD in children. |
CD004378 | [
"10575581",
"16055454",
"10966992",
"11228214",
"12930586",
"12042269",
"12093851",
"11779600",
"14507836"
] | [
"Clinical outcome of day 2 versus day 3 embryo transfer using serum-free culture media: a prospective randomized study.",
"Live birth rate is significantly higher after blastocyst transfer than after cleavage-stage embryo transfer when at least four embryos are available on day 3 of embryo culture. A randomized p... | [
"The objective was to evaluate whether extending the embryo culture period from 2 to 3 days would yield a more optimal selection of viable embryos, thereby increasing the implantation and live birth rates.\n Patients undergoing in vitro fertilization with at least one oocyte fertilized were prospecti... | Although an increase in clinical pregnancy rate with day three embryo transfer was demonstrated, at present there is not sufficient good quality evidence to suggest an improvement in live birth when embryo transfer is delayed from day two to day three. |
CD002285 | [
"11226090",
"11818760",
"18679598",
"10081532",
"16428565",
"2181138",
"12855628",
"18043058",
"12705488"
] | [
"The use of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation for preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgery.",
"Electroacupuncture prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting following pediatric tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy.",
"Evaluation of transcutaneous electroacupoint stimul... | [
"Nonpharmacologic techniques may be effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This sham-controlled, double-blinded study was designed to examine the antiemetic efficacy of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TAES) in a surgical population at high risk of developing PONV. We studi... | This review complements data on post-operative nausea and vomiting suggesting a biologic effect of acupuncture-point stimulation. Electroacupuncture has demonstrated benefit for chemotherapy-induced acute vomiting, but studies combining electroacupuncture with state-of-the-art antiemetics and in patients with refractor... |
CD001427 | [
"7903180",
"16629429",
"2390654",
"14734433",
"17522511",
"2258521",
"7489218",
"9630149",
"2651586"
] | [
"Biochemical and physiological parameters of recovery in acute severe head injury: responses to multisensory stimulation.",
"The efficacy of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in stable multiple sclerosis patients.",
"Coma arousal procedure: a therapeutic intervention in the treatment of head injury.",
"Multice... | [
"We investigated the efficacy of applying a programme of multisensory stimulation to patients with severe diffuse traumatic brain injury, during their admission to a tertiary neurosurgical intensive care unit. We attempted to determine the nature and extent of any physiological or biochemical changes occurring as a... | This systematic review indicates that there is no reliable evidence to support, or rule out, the effectiveness of multisensory programmes in patients in coma or vegetative state. |
CD000339 | [
"11372943",
"11886906",
"10622478",
"11514765",
"6368412",
"18162669",
"1762007",
"1592640",
"9728307"
] | [
"Extramedullary fixation of 569 unstable intertrochanteric fractures: a randomized multicenter trial of the Medoff sliding plate versus three other screw-plate systems.",
"Treatment of reverse oblique and transverse intertrochanteric fractures with use of an intramedullary nail or a 95 degrees screw-plate: a pros... | [
"We compared the efficacy of the Medoff sliding plate (MSP) with 3 other screw-plate systems for fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures in a randomized multicenter trial of 569 elderly patients. The MSP has biaxial dynamic capacity along both the neck and the shaft of the femur unlike the other systems, w... | The markedly increased fixation failure rate of fixed nail plates compared with the SHS is a major consideration and thus the SHS appears preferable.
There was insufficient evidence from other comparisons of extramedullary implants or on the use of external fixators to draw definite conclusions. |
CD000219 | [
"16968847",
"17846935",
"9821420",
"1912887",
"12728089",
"15930204",
"19671372",
"11159657",
"10819344"
] | [
"Wait-and-see prescription for the treatment of acute otitis media: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Evaluation of phenoxymethylpenicillin treatment of acute otitis media in children aged 2-16.",
"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial of 5 versus 10 days of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media in ... | [
"Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common diagnosis for which antibiotics are prescribed for children. Previous trials that have evaluated a \"wait-and-see prescription\" (WASP) for antibiotics, with which parents are asked not to fill the prescription unless the child either is not better or is worse in 48 hour... | Antibiotic treatment led to a statistically significant reduction of children with AOM experiencing pain at two to seven days compared with placebo but since most children (82%) settle spontaneously, about 20 children must be treated to prevent one suffering from ear pain at two to seven days. Additionally, antibiotic ... |
CD006088 | [
"21829969",
"19434268",
"3781700",
"15572814",
"6889154",
"17567657",
"11533321",
"9063425",
"4190002"
] | [
"Antibiotic treatment schemes for very severe community-acquired pneumonia in children: a randomized clinical study.",
"Management for the children with otitis media with effusion in the tertiary hospital.",
"Possibility of interaction among antibiotics and mucolytics in children.",
"Comparison of two antibio... | [
"To compare clinical response to initial empiric treatment with oxacillin plus ceftriaxone and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in hospitalized children diagnosed with very severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).\n A prospective randomized clinical study was conducted among children 2 months to 5 ... | There is insufficient evidence to decide whether OTC medications for cough associated with acute pneumonia are beneficial. Mucolytics may be beneficial but there is insufficient evidence to recommend them as an adjunctive treatment for acute pneumonia. This leaves only theoretical recommendations that OTC medications c... |
CD006380 | [
"9212478",
"14742379",
"12791434",
"8665549",
"7644238",
"9313274",
"14594516",
"8537695",
"11498314"
] | [
"Comparison of oral controlled-release morphine with transdermal fentanyl in terminal cancer pain.",
"A placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, memantine, in patients with chronic phantom limb pain.",
"Efficacy of the NMDA-receptor antagonist memantine ... | [
"Controlled-release morphine (MST) given twice daily provides a simpler and more convenient treatment regimen than 4-hourly opioid administration for the control of cancer pain. Recently, a new formulation of transdermal fentanyl (TDF) has been developed which provides a new route for the treatment of cancer pain. ... | The short- and long-term effectiveness of opioids, NMDA receptor antagonists, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, calcitonins, and anaesthetics for clinically relevant outcomes that include pain, function, mood, sleep, quality of life, satisfaction and adverse effects remains unclear. Morphine, gabapentin and ketamine de... |
CD004250 | [
"7706955",
"12221344",
"19674713",
"11353937",
"19770596",
"21303529",
"12759322",
"19066648",
"16949939"
] | [
"Phasic exercises for cervical rehabilitation after \"whiplash\" trauma.",
"A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache.",
"A feasibility study assessing manual therapies to different regions of the spine for patients with subacute or chronic neck pain.",
"A pi... | [
"To assess whether \"phasic\" exercises, including rapid eye-head-neck-arm movements, can benefit patients with chronic cervical injuries.\n A randomized, controlled, double blind study involving 30 chronic patients, who were allocated to either group 1 or group 2. The study period was for 8 wk.\n ... | Low to moderate quality evidence supports the use of specific cervical and scapular stretching and strengthening exercise for chronic neck pain immediately post treatment and intermediate term, and cervicogenic headaches in the long term. Low to moderate evidence suggests no benefit for some upper extremity stretching ... |
CD004424 | [
"8780077",
"7823066",
"10486394",
"8601999",
"3919805",
"19169651",
"1814875",
"2711309",
"10441604"
] | [
"A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial of divalproex sodium prophylaxis in adults with newly diagnosed brain tumors.",
"Phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed adult epilepsy: a randomised comparative monotherapy trial.",
"Comparative double blind clinical tri... | [
"Seizures occur after the diagnosis of brain tumors in up to 40% of patients. Prophylactic anticonvulsants are widely advocated despite a lack of convincing evidence of their efficacy in preventing first seizures. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the incidence of first sei... | The evidence is neutral, neither for nor against seizure prophylaxis, in people with brain tumors. These conclusions apply only for the antiepileptic drugs phenytoin, phenobarbital, and divalproex sodium. The decision to start an antiepileptic drug for seizure prophylaxis is ultimately guided by assessment of individua... |
CD003906 | [
"8813270",
"3511382",
"6150321",
"1658648",
"20698956",
"9066350",
"2893583",
"7998769",
"16877299"
] | [
"Plasma-exchange therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. A double-blind, sham-controlled, cross-over study.",
"Plasma exchange in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.",
"Beneficial effects of plasma exchange in acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy.",
"Plasma ex... | [
"Eighteen patients with definite, untreated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) of chronic progressive (nine patients) or relapsing course (nine patients) were randomized prospectively to receive 10 plasma-exchange (PE) or sham plasma-exchange (SPE) treatments over 4 weeks in a double-b... | Moderate to high quality evidence from two small trials showed that plasma exchange provides significant short-term improvement in disability, clinical impairment and motor nerve conduction velocity in CIDP but rapid deterioration may occur afterwards. Adverse events related to difficulty with venous access, use of cit... |
CD006527 | [
"18161613",
"17416878",
"12384193",
"12677565",
"16507741",
"9734406",
"11177061",
"9113011",
"10195971"
] | [
"Quality of reporting of key methodological items of randomized controlled trials in clinical ophthalmic journals.",
"Studying injury prevention: practices, problems, and pitfalls in implementation.",
"In the dark: the reporting of blinding status in randomized controlled trials.",
"Randomized controlled tria... | [
"To evaluate the reporting quality of key methodological items in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in four general clinical ophthalmology journals.\n The reporting of 11 key methodological items in RCTs published in American Journal of Ophthalmology, Archives of Ophthalmology, British Journal of O... | The included studies do not provide reliable evidence that educational interventions are effective in preventing eye injuries. There is a need for well-conducted RCTs with adequate allocation concealment and masking (blinding). Studies should have a longer follow-up time and more studies need to be conducted in low and... |
CD002195 | [
"7931476",
"12881382",
"3666158",
"12488405",
"12196367",
"12001120",
"17513815",
"6512582",
"20619634"
] | [
"First isolated locoregional recurrence following mastectomy for breast cancer: results of a phase III multicenter study comparing systemic treatment with observation after excision and radiation. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research.",
"Adjuvant therapy after excision and radiation of isolated postmastectomy... | [
"We performed a randomized phase III multicenter study to compare systemic treatment versus no treatment after complete excision and radiotherapy for isolated first locoregional recurrence in patients with breast cancer.\n One hundred sixty-seven good-risk patients with an estrogen receptor (ER+) pos... | This systematic review of randomised trials provides insufficient evidence to support systemic treatment in women with loco-regional recurrence of breast cancer. Participation in randomised trials of systemic treatment versus observation is appropriate. |
CD003861 | [
"12964289",
"1356466",
"17456554",
"12216046",
"12712026",
"14974959",
"7212184",
"10085281",
"10734596"
] | [
"Is tap water a safe alternative to normal saline for wound irrigation in the community setting?",
"Comparison between sterile saline and tap water for the cleaning of acute traumatic soft tissue wounds.",
"A multicenter comparison of tap water versus sterile saline for wound irrigation.",
"Tap water for irri... | [
"This double-blind randomised controlled trial compared the effects of tap water and normal saline on the healing and infection rates of acute and chronic wounds.\n The trial was conducted in two metropolitan community health centres in New South Wales, Australia. Thirty-five patients with 49 acute o... | There is no evidence that using tap water to cleanse acute wounds in adults or children increases or reduces infection. There is not strong evidence that cleansing wounds per se increases healing or reduces infection. In the absence of potable tap water, boiled and cooled water as well as distilled water can be used as... |
CD008414 | [
"2668784",
"8549944",
"1638191",
"10925979",
"7502549",
"3319461",
"10102971",
"11227650",
"2577483"
] | [
"A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-masked, variable dosage, clinical trial of azathioprine with and without methylprednisolone in multiple sclerosis.",
"A controlled double blind study of azathioprine in the management of Crohn's disease.",
"Randomised controlled trial of azathioprine withdrawal in ulcer... | [
"Ninety-eight patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the chronic progression phase entered a 3-year clinical trial to determine if azathioprine (AZ) alone or with adrenal cortical steroids stabilizes the course of MS. In group AM, the patients took AZ throughout and methylprednisolone (MP) for the first 36 weeks.... | The pooled analyses suggest that 5-ASA preparations may be superior to placebo for the maintenance of surgically-induced remission in patients with CD. The results of the pooled analyses should be interpreted with caution because adequately powered studies demonstrated no difference and publication bias (failure to pub... |
CD001183 | [
"2847578",
"7606516",
"2536255",
"2847600",
"8412049",
"2852903",
"2167369",
"3027153",
"1310834"
] | [
"Effect of nedocromil sodium on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children.",
"Effect of nedocromil sodium on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction exacerbated by inhalation of cold air.",
"Nedocromil sodium in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in children.",
"A comparative study of the effect of thre... | [
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the efficacy of nedocromil sodium in reducing bronchoconstriction subsequent to exercise challenge in asthmatic children. Twelve children aged 7-14 years (mean 10.8 years) were pretreated with nedocromil sodium aerosol (2 inhalations; 2 mg/inhalation... | Nedocromil sodium used before exercise reduces the severity and duration of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. This effect appears to be more pronounced in people with severe exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. |
CD000967 | [
"11768836",
"16267634",
"16062094",
"16889453",
"17728106",
"16585435",
"16585434",
"16797162",
"12766921"
] | [
"A comparison of the relative safety, efficacy, and tolerability of quetiapine and risperidone in outpatients with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: the quetiapine experience with safety and tolerability (QUEST) study.",
"Quetiapine has equivalent efficacy and superior tolerability to risperidone in th... | [
"The few published direct comparative studies of the tolerability and efficacy of atypical antipsychotic agents were performed in relatively homogeneous populations that may not be typical of patients seen in clinical practice.\n The Quetiapine Experience with Safety and Tolerability (QUEST) study co... | Quetiapine is effective for the treatment of schizophrenia, but it is not much different from first-generation antipsychotics and risperidone with respect to treatment withdrawal and efficacy. In comparison to first-generation antipsychotics and risperidone, quetiapine has a lower risk of movement disorders but higher ... |
CD008741 | [
"19926959",
"18564353",
"18770876",
"17031321",
"17984757",
"19418715",
"20081394",
"17713983",
"18753864"
] | [
"A cluster-randomized trial of enhanced labor ward-based PMTCT services to increase nevirapine coverage in Lusaka, Zambia.",
"Quality of antenatal and delivery care before and after the implementation of a prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programme in Côte d'Ivoire.",
"The impact of scaling-up pre... | [
"Determine whether enhanced labor ward-based services for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) would improve nevirapine (NVP) coverage.\n Cluster-randomized trial at 12 public-sector delivery centers in Lusaka, Zambia.\n Following a baseline surveillance period, 12... | We found only one study suggesting that integrating perinatal PMTCT interventions with other healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries increases the proportion of pregnant women, mothers and infants receiving PMTCT intervention. The weak evidence base does not enable making any inferences for other countr... |
CD004398 | [
"16708003",
"12694632",
"15466769",
"16569189",
"19775439",
"17034605",
"12817353",
"17010115",
"12358871"
] | [
"Cluster randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of audit and feedback and educational outreach on improving nursing practice and patient outcomes.",
"Randomised controlled trial of a theoretically grounded tailored intervention to diffuse evidence-based public health practice [ISRCTN23257060].",
"A mu... | [
"Current understanding of implementation methods is limited, and research has focused on changing doctors' behaviors.\n Our aim was to evaluate the impact of audit and feedback and educational outreach in improving nursing practice and patient outcomes.\n Using a factorial design, clus... | The results of this review suggest that when used alone and compared to no intervention, PEMs may have a small beneficial effect on professional practice outcomes. There is insufficient information to reliably estimate the effect of PEMs on patient outcomes, and clinical significance of the observed effect sizes is not... |
CD005427 | [
"8602477",
"2148221",
"17268258",
"19685848",
"17621203",
"15131431",
"18564952",
"15319761",
"15507794"
] | [
"Physical performance, pain, pain behavior and subjective disability in patients with subacute low back pain.",
"A controlled study on the outcome of inpatient and outpatient treatment of low back pain. Part III. Long-term follow-up of pain, disability, and compliance.",
"Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for su... | [
"The aim of this paper was to study the physical performance, pain, pain behavior and disability in patients with subacute low back pain (LBP). The patients were blue-collar workers and had been sick-listed for 8 weeks due to subacute low back pain. A total of 103 patients were randomized, 51 of them to the interve... | Combined chiropractic interventions slightly improved pain and disability in the short-term and pain in the medium-term for acute and subacute LBP. However, there is currently no evidence that supports or refutes that these interventions provide a clinically meaningful difference for pain or disability in people with L... |
CD004385 | [
"10419922",
"10535881",
"15057894",
"770224",
"16250039",
"3481038",
"3533699",
"9252088",
"2184355"
] | [
"Low-dose methotrexate is ineffective in primary biliary cirrhosis: long-term results of a placebo-controlled trial.",
"A prospective trial of colchicine and methotrexate in the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis.",
"A randomized controlled trial of colchicine plus ursodiol versus methotrexate plus ursodiol... | [
"New treatments for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) need to be evaluated. We conducted a single-center double-blind, randomized trial of methotrexate, 7.5 mg/wk (n = 30), vs. placebo (n = 30) for up to 6 years in PBC.\n Methods included three monthly symptom assessment and liver function tests and li... | Methotrexate had no statistically significant effect on mortality in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis nor the need for liver transplantation. Although methotrexate may benefit other outcomes (pruritus score, serum alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin M levels), there is no sufficient evidence to support methotre... |
CD000516 | [
"9655655",
"10098823",
"15080865",
"16672699",
"10811511",
"11075740",
"17592075",
"12618680",
"8615305"
] | [
"Randomised comparison of percutaneous angioplasty vs continued medical therapy for hypertensive patients with atheromatous renal artery stenosis. Scottish and Newcastle Renal Artery Stenosis Collaborative Group.",
"Behavioral effects of a comprehensive, multifactorial program for lifestyle change after percutane... | [
"Data from randomised studies are lacking on the value of interventional procedures in the management of atheromatous renal artery stenosis. This randomised prospective trial compared the effects on blood pressure (BP) and renal function of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty vs medical therapy in hypertensive pa... | There is currently insufficient evidence to assess the effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting or primary stenting for vertebral artery stenosis. |
CD002933 | [
"8671131",
"1390143",
"2303961",
"9228227",
"7546114",
"16984453",
"15580451",
"2263919",
"1793238"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of electromagnetic therapy in the primary care management of venous leg ulceration.",
"A portable pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) device to enhance healing of recalcitrant venous ulcers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.",
"Effect of low frequency pulsing elec... | [
"The aim was to establish the potential efficacy, tolerability and side-effect profile of electromagnetic therapy as an adjunct to conventional dressings in the treatment of venous leg ulcers.\n A prospective, randomized, double blind controlled clinical trial was carried out in a dedicated leg ulcer... | There is no high quality evidence that electromagnetic therapy increases the rate of healing of venous leg ulcers, and further research is needed. |
CD009244 | [
"20729710",
"21239049",
"17655918",
"15389189",
"16713457",
"15108041",
"16403097",
"12437457",
"14669314"
] | [
"A double-blind, randomized controlled trial of the use of imiquimod cream for the treatment of anal canal high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-positive MSM on HAART, with long-term follow-up data including the use of open-label imiquimod.",
"Treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical ... | [
"To determine whether imiquimod was more effective than placebo for the treatment of high-grade anal canal intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-ACIN).\n Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.\n Sixty-four HIV-positive patients were randomized to self-application of imiqui... | The included trial failed to demonstrate any statistically significant efficacy of imiquimod in the management of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). The absence of reliable evidence for any of the interventions used in AIN precludes any definitive guidance or recommendations for clinical practice. Prospective cohort... |
CD008224 | [
"1892197",
"2659132",
"16765169",
"3382883",
"11023726",
"7806870",
"12174159",
"6244414",
"2487304"
] | [
"Effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing bacteriuria after multichannel urodynamic investigations: a blind, randomized study in 124 female patients.",
"Are prophylactic antibiotics necessary during extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy?",
"Effectiveness of ciprofloxacin prophylaxis in preventing ba... | [
"One hundred twenty-four women with chronic, persistent lower urinary tract symptoms who had been scheduled for elective urodynamic investigations at Mount Sinai's Urodynamic Investigative Unit were divided into two blind, randomized groups, receiving either a placebo or prophylactic antibiotic. At the time of urod... | Prophylactic antibiotics did reduce the risk of bacteriuria after urodynamic studies but there was not enough evidence to suggest that this effect reduced symptomatic urinary tract infections. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of fever, dysuria or adverse reactions. Potential benefits have t... |
CD001361 | [
"3788652",
"1681680",
"3322467",
"1684310",
"4011672",
"7870975",
"6371871",
"11442893",
"11738537"
] | [
"Haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in schizophrenia. A long-term double-blind cross-over comparison.",
"Zuclopenthixol decanoate and haloperidol decanoate in chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind multicentre study.",
"Haloperidol decanoate v. fluphenazine decanoate as maintenance therapy in chron... | [
"Thirty-two schizophrenic patients, previously treated with antipsychotics, were treated with haloperidol decanoate and flupenthixol decanoate in a double-blind cross-over study. The drugs were given for 24 weeks each at an individually adapted dose. The last three injections of either drug were given at fixed 4-we... | Haloperidol decanoate may have a substantial effect in improving the symptoms and behaviour associated with schizophrenia in comparison to placebo, but data are remarkably sparse.
There are no discernible differences between the depot form of haloperidol and its oral equivalent. For those needing and willing to take t... |
CD004501 | [
"9580172",
"2206065",
"8238130",
"9642605",
"18472878",
"9307346",
"8238160",
"1407911",
"18476153"
] | [
"Administration of antibiotics to patients with rupture of membranes at term: a prospective, randomized, multicentric study. Collaborative Group on PROM.",
"Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of membranes: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.",
"Antibiotic treatment of preterm labor with ... | [
"To assess whether antibiotic administration changes the rate of materno-fetal infectious morbidity in premature rupture of membranes occurring later than 35 weeks of gestation.\n A prospective, randomized and multicentric study in the Perinatology Units of eleven hospitals in Spain. Women were rando... | There is inadequate evidence from randomised trials in favour of any particular antibiotic regimen for the treatment of suspected late onset neonatal sepsis. The available evidence is not of high quality. Although suspected sepsis and antibiotic use is common, quality research is required to specifically address both n... |
CD003729 | [
"16754835",
"11982448",
"12900300",
"9169300",
"15119922",
"17728106",
"16449469",
"14971863",
"11530275"
] | [
"Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.",
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-response comparison of intramuscular olanzapine and haloperidol in the treatment of acute agitation in schizophrenia.",
"Comparative efficacy and safety... | [
"Violent behavior of patients with schizophrenia prolongs hospital stay and interferes with their integration into the community. Finding appropriate treatment of violent behaviors is of primary importance.\n To compare the efficacy of 2 atypical antipsychotic agents, clozapine and olanzapine, with o... | Data relevant to the effects of olanzapine IM are taken from some studies that may not be considered ethical in many places, all are funded by a company with a pecuniary interest in the result. These studies often poorly report outcomes that are difficult to interpret for routine care. Other important outcomes are not ... |
CD006117 | [
"9832348",
"21869697",
"9413414",
"11579351",
"11147927",
"17196045",
"11074227",
"16160624",
"8263318"
] | [
"Double-blind, multicenter comparative study of sertraline and amitriptyline in hospitalized patients with major depression.",
"Faster onset of antidepressant effects of citalopram compared with sertraline in drug-naïve first-episode major depressive disorder in a Chinese population: a 6-week double-blind, random... | [
"Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for which marketing approval has been obtained recently in Germany. The results of several double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that sertraline has a clear antidepressive effect. However these studies have been conducted in outpati... | This systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted a trend in favour of sertraline over other antidepressive agents both in terms of efficacy and acceptability, using 95% confidence intervals and a conservative approach, with a random effects analysis. However, the included studies did not report on all the outcomes ... |
CD000222 | [
"7815243",
"8675168",
"8201224",
"1505913",
"3527321",
"14687046",
"8855091",
"8975951",
"16285948"
] | [
"Effect of a medium dose of ursodeoxycholic acid with or without taurine supplementation on the nutritional status of patients with cystic fibrosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.",
"Ursodeoxycholic acid for liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis: a double-blind multicenter trial. The I... | [
"Ursodeoxycholic acid administration has been reported to improve cholestasis and inflammatory activity in primary biliary cirrhosis and, in an uncontrolled study, also in young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic cholestasis. As an improvement in nutritional status was also observed in these young adult p... | There are few trials assessing the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid. There is insufficient evidence to justify its routine use in cystic fibrosis. |
CD004085 | [
"16137357",
"8951252",
"10051081",
"8120720",
"9255192",
"11098980",
"12441749",
"17133185",
"16572737"
] | [
"High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN24242669].",
"The Provo multicenter early high-frequency oscillatory ventilation trial: improved pulmonary and clinical outcome in respiratory dist... | [
"To compare the safety and efficacy of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) with conventional mechanical ventilation (CV) for early intervention in adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a multi-centre randomized trial in four intensive care units was conducted.\n Patients with ARDS wer... | The findings of this systematic review suggest that HFO was a promising treatment for ALI and ARDS prior to the uptake of current lung protective ventilation strategies. These findings may not be applicable with current conventional care, pending the results of large multi-centre trials currently underway. |
CD003611 | [
"17768579",
"19144672",
"18392378",
"6610435",
"3306163",
"12595838",
"10807441",
"15077078",
"10807440"
] | [
"Prevention of atrial fibrillation with moderate doses of amiodarone in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery is safe and effective in patients with high risk for developing this arrhythmia.",
"Prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting via atrial electromechanical interval and ... | [
"To assess if prophylaxis with moderate doses of amiodarone in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery (coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgery), reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with high risk for developing this arrhythmia.\n A randomized and prospective cli... | Prophylaxis to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery with any of the studied pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions may be favored because of its reduction in the rate of atrial fibrillation, decrease in the length of stay and cost of hospital treatment and a possible decrease in the rate of s... |
CD006774 | [
"17260365",
"20049950",
"19491859",
"19891665",
"15133864",
"19766640",
"20937044",
"15342210",
"15758622"
] | [
"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of low molecular weight heparin in active ulcerative colitis.",
"Direct comparison of two different mesalamine formulations for the induction of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, randomized study.",
"Safety and efficacy of a new 3.3 g b.i.d. tab... | [
"In several open and 1 controlled trial, unfractionated heparin was effective in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis (UC). Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) had a similar effect in several open studies.\n We studied the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of LMWH in mild to moderately active ... | There is evidence to suggest that LMWH may be effective for the treatment of active UC. When administered by extended colon-release tablets, LMWH was more effective than placebo for treating outpatients with mild to moderate disease. This benefit needs to be confirmed by further randomized controlled studies. The same ... |
CD000547 | [
"8473466",
"9853762",
"8203435",
"7672654",
"8018618",
"15656211",
"16253978",
"11679528",
"2115379"
] | [
"Pre-operative gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in surgery for uterine leiomyomata.",
"Treatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist before hysterectomy for leiomyomas: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial.",
"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use before hystere... | [
"To determine whether pre-operative treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue may have a beneficial effect on surgery outcome, 53 patients with symptomatic fibroid uteri awaiting myomectomy or transabdominal hysterectomy (TAH), were randomly divided into a study group (n = 29) and a control gro... | The use of GnRH analogues for 3 to 4 months prior to fibroid surgery reduce both uterine volume and fibroid size. They are beneficial in the correction of pre-operative iron deficiency anaemia, if present, and reduce intra-operative blood loss. If uterine size is such that a mid-line incision is planned, this can be av... |
CD006142 | [
"8455969",
"19853518",
"2140432",
"15082950",
"9252001",
"15109505",
"2363027",
"6601789",
"19920718"
] | [
"TENS for children's procedural pain.",
"Feasibility study of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for cancer bone pain.",
"A controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and exercise for chronic low back pain.",
"Evaluation of TENS during screening flexible sigmoidosco... | [
"A 3 x 6 factorial design with a double blind and placebo control was employed to investigate the effect of TENS treatment on pain produced by venipuncture. The three treatment groups consisted of TENS, placebo-TENS and control. Subjects were blocked into six 2-year age groups (ages: 5-17 years). During the period ... | There are no changes to the conclusions since the original version of the review was published in issue 2, 2009. Due to insufficient extractable data in the studies included in this review, we are unable to make any definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of TENS as an isolated treatment for acute pain in adults... |
CD002922 | [
"20833738",
"20169461",
"20605876",
"12209517",
"19369404",
"16221103",
"16820790",
"12840090",
"15082482"
] | [
"Azathioprine versus mycophenolate mofetil for long-term immunosuppression in lupus nephritis: results from the MAINTAIN Nephritis Trial.",
"Is mycophenolate mofetil superior to pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide for induction therapy of proliferative lupus nephritis in Egyptian patients?",
"Cyclosporine A or i... | [
"Long-term immunosuppressive treatment does not efficiently prevent relapses of lupus nephritis (LN). This investigator-initiated randomised trial tested whether mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was superior to azathioprine (AZA) as maintenance treatment.\n A total of 105 patients with lupus with prolifer... | MMF is as effective as cyclophosphamide in inducing remission in lupus nephritis, but is safer with a lower risk of ovarian failure. MMF is more effective than azathioprine in maintenance therapy for preventing relapse with no increase in clinically important side effects. Adequately powered trials with long term follo... |
CD005411 | [
"16243954",
"12755982",
"8737434",
"16737346",
"15066200",
"12356708",
"15659884",
"12817353",
"15188323"
] | [
"A multifaceted intervention according to the Audit Project Odense method improved secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Recurrent aphthous stomatitis unresponsive to topical corticosteroids: a study of the comparative therapeutic effects of systemic prednisone and syst... | [
"No single quality improvement instrument has proved consistently effective, but multifaceted interventions are believed to have the greatest impact. However, only little is known regarding what combinations are likely to be successful.\n To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention strategy... | No single treatment was found to be effective and therefore the results remain inconclusive in regard to the best systemic intervention for RAS. This is likely to reflect the poor methodological rigour of trials, and lack of studies for certain drugs, rather than the true effect of the intervention. It is also recognis... |
CD004974 | [
"10929921",
"11399700",
"21255253",
"8414777",
"21464382",
"19434268",
"17687129",
"12475845",
"18179756"
] | [
"Primary prevention of acute respiratory tract infections in children using a bacterial immunostimulant: a double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial.",
"Safety and efficacy of two courses of OM-85 BV in the prevention of respiratory tract infections in children during 12 months.",
"A randomized clinical ... | [
"Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. The bacterial extract OM-85 BV has shown some protective effect for ARTIs in preschool children and a reduction in exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in adults.\n This trial reports results ... | This review shows that IS reduce the incidence of ARTIs by 40% on average in susceptible children. Studies in healthy children are not available. Although the safety profile in the studies was good, some IS may be unsafe. ARTI-susceptible children may benefit from IS treatment. Further high-quality trials are needed an... |
CD009513 | [
"15294086",
"16770291",
"17891043",
"15751766",
"21457056",
"18676516",
"20163349",
"15659884",
"19549342"
] | [
"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected pediatric patients improves with home-based intensive nursing intervention.",
"Home visits to improve adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Telephone support to improve antiretroviral medication adherence: a mult... | [
"Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to be a determining factor in controlling viral replication, maintaining immunologic function and long-term survival in HIV-positive individuals. Little information is available on strategies to improve adherence in pediatric HIV-infected patient... | A home-based nursing intervention has the potential to improve ART adherence, but more evidence is needed. Medication diaries do not appear to have an effect on adherence or disease outcomes. Two interventions, an LPV/r-containing regimen and peer support therapy for adolescents, did not demonstrate improvements in adh... |
CD001800 | [
"11832254",
"17196274",
"17880478",
"314119",
"10069785",
"17767899",
"10092561",
"2271343",
"15718182"
] | [
"Guideline-based early rehabilitation after myocardial infarction. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial.",
"Home-based versus hospital-based rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: A randomized trial with preference arms--Cornwall Heart Attack Rehabilitation Management Study (CHARMS).",
"A nurse-led card... | [
"To determine the effectiveness of individualised educational behavioural treatment delivered by cardiac nurses in hospital compared to usual care for patients following acute myocardial infarction.\n One hundred and fourteen consecutive patients were randomised to receive the intervention or usual c... | Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation is effective in reducing total and cardiovascular mortality (in medium to longer term studies) and hospital admissions (in shorter term studies) but not total MI or revascularisation (CABG or PTCA). Despite inclusion of more recent trials, the population studied in this review is s... |
CD006210 | [
"19915206",
"2641980",
"19775439",
"16569189",
"12389880",
"8090847",
"7974314",
"20122041",
"18843564"
] | [
"Effects of a multifaceted minimal-lift environment for nursing staff: pilot results.",
"How physical settings affect chronic mental patients.",
"A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of knowledge translation and exchange strategies.",
"Use of an 'evidence-based implementation' strategy to imple... | [
"Nursing staff are at risk for musculoskeletal injuries because of the physical nature of patient handling. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a multifaceted minimal-lift environment on reported equipment use, musculoskeletal injury rates, and workers' compensation costs for patient-handli... | One study was included in this review. This review therefore indicates that, at present, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute the impact of the physical healthcare environment on work-related outcomes of healthcare staff. Methodological shortcomings, particularly confounding with other variables and the ... |
CD006272 | [
"19135415",
"8589019",
"8082100",
"9391542",
"10595816",
"15202162",
"8265095",
"10388135",
"8695248"
] | [
"Palonosetron plus dexamethasone versus granisetron plus dexamethasone for prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy: a double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, comparative phase III trial.",
"Ondansetron versus granisetron, both combined with dexamethasone, in the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesi... | [
"Palonosetron is a second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT(3))-receptor antagonist that has shown better efficacy than ondansetron and dolasetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, and similar efficacy to ondansetron in preve... | Ondansetron and granisetron appear to be equivalent drugs for the prevention of acute and delayed emesis following the use of highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
According to one single trial the combination of palonosetron and dexamethasone was superior to granisetron and dexamethasone in controlling delayed emesis. Howev... |
CD004827 | [
"20145608",
"17690340",
"17803667",
"18410562",
"18813028",
"18701826",
"12150178",
"12150179",
"22472744"
] | [
"Dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea prophylaxis in adult patients.",
"Probiotics for treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: randomised clini... | [
"Standard therapies for antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) have limited efficacy. Probiotic prophylaxis is a promising alternative for reduction of AAD and CDAD incidence.\n In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose... | Despite heterogeneity in probiotic strain, dose, and duration, as well as in study quality, the overall evidence suggests a protective effect of probiotics in preventing AAD. Using 11 criteria to evaluate the credibility of the subgroup analysis on probiotic dose, the results indicate that the subgroup effect based on ... |
CD005497 | [
"15632336",
"16202939",
"12850599",
"15050984",
"15333602",
"18307077",
"17077230",
"16022849",
"20399951"
] | [
"Direct access to emergency contraception through pharmacies and effect on unintended pregnancy and STIs: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Advance supply of emergency contraception: a randomized trial in adolescent mothers.",
"Advance supply of emergency contraception. effect on use and usual contraception--a ... | [
"It is estimated that half of unintended pregnancies could be averted if emergency contraception (EC) were easily accessible and used.\n To evaluate the effect of direct access to EC through pharmacies and advance provision on reproductive health outcomes.\n A randomized, single-blind,... | Advance provision of emergency contraception did not reduce pregnancy rates when compared to conventional provision. Results from primary analyses suggest that advance provision does not negatively impact sexual and reproductive health behaviors and outcomes. Women should have easy access to emergency contraception, be... |
CD004302 | [
"8628460",
"8967757",
"19029516",
"9710040",
"10971602",
"7763202",
"16426990",
"15204012",
"19743457"
] | [
"A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of subcutaneous recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rHCNTF) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ALS CNTF Treatment Study Group.",
"A placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic (rhCNTF) factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. rhCNT... | [
"Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a neuroactive cytokine found in Schwann cells, which appears to be released in response to nerve injury. The ALS CNTF Treatment Study (ACTS) clinical trial was a phase II-III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and ... | Ciliary neurotrophic factor treatment had no significant effect on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression. At high concentrations, several side effects were observed. A combination of ciliary neurotrophic factor with other neurotrophic factors (as suggested by results on animal models) and more efficient delivery me... |
CD007006 | [
"12182264",
"9605896",
"12704016",
"21783053",
"8882672",
"11265827",
"16919803",
"11236404",
"19996048"
] | [
"Reducing STD and HIV risk behavior of substance-dependent adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Abstinence and safer sex HIV risk-reduction interventions for African American adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Reducing the sexual risk behaviors of HIV+ individuals: outcome of a randomized ... | [
"A randomized controlled trial assessed 3 interventions designed to increase safer sex behaviors of substance-dependent adolescents. Participants (N = 161) received 12 sessions of either a health information intervention (I only), information plus skills-based safer sex training (I + B), or the same experimental co... | Many abstinence-plus programs appear to reduce short-term and long-term HIV risk behavior among youth in high-income countries. Evidence for program effects on biological measures is limited. Evaluations consistently show no adverse program effects for any outcomes, including the incidence and frequency of sexual activ... |
CD001730 | [
"6437487",
"7660408",
"17335327",
"1998929",
"9407576",
"8357287",
"8185149",
"10404919",
"11509308"
] | [
"Day hospital rehabilitation--effectiveness and cost in the elderly: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Outcomes of elderly stroke patients. Day hospital versus conventional medical management.",
"Are day hospitals effective for acutely ill psychiatric patients? A European multicenter randomized controlled trial... | [
"The effectiveness and cost of day hospital care in rehabilitation were studied in a randomised controlled trial in 120 elderly patients who were assessed at referral and six weeks and five months later in activities of daily living skills and mood. Day hospital patients were compared with a control group, who were... | Medical day hospital care for the elderly appears to be more effective than no intervention but may have no clear advantage over other forms of comprehensive elderly medical services. |
CD003293 | [
"12835516",
"8410110",
"17308269",
"16325695",
"3881176",
"3909798",
"3047339",
"2897433",
"324620"
] | [
"Phase III study of combined chemohormonal therapy in metastatic prostate cancer (ECOG 3882): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study.",
"Multiple-drug weekly chemotherapy versus standard combination regimen in small-cell lung cancer: a phase III randomized study conducted by the European Lung Cancer Working ... | [
"This study, a phase III multicenter randomized trial opened by ECOG in April 1983 and closed in June 1986 was designed to evaluate whether a combination of doxorubicin and an intravenous formulation of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES) was superior to doxorubicin alone in men with hormone refractory prostate ca... | Compared to single-agent doxorubicin, the combination chemotherapy regimens evaluated, given in conventional doses, produced only marginal increases in response rates, at the expense of increased toxic effects and with no improvements in overall survival. |
CD006006 | [
"7843707",
"8780576",
"7762065",
"8605558",
"10693639",
"11477342",
"11389707",
"12297843",
"8475558"
] | [
"A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of prostaglandin E1 in liver transplantation.",
"Prostaglandin E1 administration following orthotopic liver transplantation: a randomized prospective multicenter trial.",
"Enisoprost in liver transplantation.",
"Postoperative intravenous infusion of alpros... | [
"A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intravenous prostaglandin PGE1 (40 micrograms/h) was conducted in adult orthotopic liver transplant recipients. Infusion was started intraoperatively and continued for up to 21 days. Patients were followed up for 180 days postoperatively. Among 172 patients eligible for t... | We found no evidence that the administration of prostaglandins to liver transplanted patients reduces the risk of death, primary non-function of the allograft, or liver re-transplantation. Prostaglandins might reduce the risk of acute kidney failure requiring dialysis, but the quality of the evidence is considered only... |
CD008246 | [
"8014707",
"9462190",
"19574255",
"9347370",
"9363656",
"16163366",
"7014814",
"8951252",
"10393602"
] | [
"Flow-synchronized ventilation of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Randomised trial of volume controlled versus time cycled, pressure limited ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Flow-cycled versus time-cycled sIPPV in preterm babies with RDS: a breath-to-b... | [
"Asynchrony of delivered and spontaneous breaths in mechanically ventilated infants may impair gas exchange and prolong the need for assisted ventilation. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of a patient-triggered, flow-synchronized ventilator on 30 preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome who wei... | There is insufficient evidence to determine the safety and efficacy of flow-cycled compared to time-cycled synchronized ventilation in neonates. Large randomized clinical trials using a parallel-group design and reporting on clinically important outcomes are warranted. |
CD008534 | [
"16962532",
"18271883",
"9609272",
"12623472",
"12842060",
"19187377",
"18506347",
"12103284",
"20680312"
] | [
"A randomized comparison of suturing techniques for episiotomy and laceration repair after spontaneous vaginal birth.",
"Postpartum perineal repair performed by midwives: a randomised trial comparing two suture techniques leaving the skin unsutured.",
"The Ipswich Childbirth Study: 1. A randomised evaluation of... | [
"To compare the continuous knotless technique of perineal repair with the interrupted method after spontaneous vaginal birth\n A randomized controlled trial.\n Canadian Task Force Classification I.\n This study was undertaken in a university hospital with more than 2200 ... | There is limited evidence available from RCTs to guide the choice between surgical or non-surgical repair of first- or second-degree perineal tears sustained during childbirth. Two studies find no difference between the two types of management with regard to clinical outcomes up to eight weeks postpartum. Therefore, at... |
CD002270 | [
"10207925",
"9708751",
"9105740",
"12763331",
"11985388",
"3897499",
"6440704",
"12740260",
"1595097"
] | [
"Acetazolamide and furosemide for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of the newborn.",
"International randomised controlled trial of acetazolamide and furosemide in posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in infancy. International PHVD Drug Trial Group.",
"Failure of fibrinolytic endoventricular treatment to prevent... | [
"The authors evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) and furosemide (FUR) in avoiding ventricular shunting procedures in preterm infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Preterm infants were screened for PHH (defined as ventriculomegaly [VM] and increased ICP... | Acetazolamide and furosemide therapy is neither effective nor safe in treating post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Acetazolamide and furosemide cannot be recommended as therapy for post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus. |
CD002243 | [
"6384785",
"12186604",
"12133187",
"9559600",
"3306374",
"18184957",
"786190",
"16625008",
"20103758"
] | [
"The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A prospective, controlled study.",
"Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock.",
"Physiological-dose steroid therapy in sepsis [ISRCTN36253388].",
"Reversal of lat... | [
"To determine whether corticosteroids are efficacious in severe septic shock, we conducted a prospective study of 59 patients randomly assigned to a methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, or control group. Patients were treated 17.5 +/- 5.4 hours (mean +/- S.E.M.) after the onset of shock, and 55 patients required vaso... | Overall, corticosteroids did not change mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock. A long course of low dose corticosteroids reduced 28-day mortality without inducing major complications; metabolic disorders were increased. |
CD005958 | [
"11493843",
"15770171",
"14521638",
"10828925",
"14965404",
"8066514",
"18408345",
"15507794",
"21303529"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial to prevent patient lift and transfer injuries of health care workers.",
"Implementation of the Dutch low back pain guideline for general practitioners: a cluster randomized controlled trial.",
"Randomized controlled trial of education and feedback for implementation of guidelines ... | [
"Randomized controlled trial (RCT).\n To compare the effectiveness of training and equipment to reduce musculoskeletal injuries, increase comfort, and reduce physical demands on staff performing patient lifts and transfers at a large acute care hospital.\n Back injury to nursing staff ... | There is moderate quality evidence that MMH advice and training with or without assistive devices does not prevent back pain or back pain-related disability when compared to no intervention or alternative interventions. There is no evidence available from RCTs for the effectiveness of MMH advice and training or MMH ass... |
CD001435 | [
"9843104",
"18164847",
"17223873",
"17635377",
"7658819",
"15057739",
"12829675",
"2196355",
"20507841"
] | [
"Randomised comparison of thalidomide versus placebo in toxic epidermal necrolysis.",
"A phase III study of conventional radiation therapy plus thalidomide versus conventional radiation therapy for multiple brain metastases (RTOG 0118).",
"Treatment of post-transplant premalignant skin disease: a randomized int... | [
"Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is associated with a 30% death rate. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of TEN. Thalidomide is a potent inhibitor of TNF-alpha action. We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of thalidomide in TEN.\n T... | Treatment with thalidomide was not shown to be effective and was associated with significantly higher mortality than placebo. There is no reliable evidence on which to base treatment for toxic epidermal necrolysis, a disease commonly associated with mortality rates of around 30%. More research is required to understand... |
CD006625 | [
"12610718",
"10870870",
"20724402",
"16585434",
"16585435",
"18794652",
"17526456",
"15933483",
"15323587"
] | [
"Switching patients to aripiprazole from other antipsychotic agents: a multicenter randomized study.",
"A comparison of the effects of quetiapine ('seroquel') and haloperidol in schizophrenic patients with a history of and a demonstrated, partial response to conventional antipsychotic treatment. PRIZE Study Group... | [
"Switching patients from one antipsychotic to another can lead to tolerability problems or transient symptom exacerbations. It is important to compare switching strategies to determine which methods produce the best possible patient outcomes.\n To investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ... | Best available evidence from trials suggests that most people who start quetiapine stop taking it within a few weeks. Comparisons with amisulpride, aripiprazole, sertindole and zotepine do not exist. Most data that has been reported within existing comparisons are of very limited value because of assumptions and biases... |
CD007260 | [
"9596436",
"671684",
"8850394",
"16772625",
"10625156",
"9025128",
"8006266",
"8350885",
"9671087"
] | [
"Effectiveness of mechanical versus manual chest compressions in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitation: a pilot study.",
"External cardiac compression. A randomized comparison of mechanical and manual techniques.",
"Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation does not improve survival ... | [
"A prospective, randomized effectiveness trial was undertaken to compare mechanical versus manual chest compressions as measured by end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients receiving advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) resuscitation from a municipal third-service, emergency medical services... | There is insufficient evidence from human RCTs to conclude that mechanical chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest is associated with benefit or harm. Widespread use of mechanical devices for chest compressions during cardiac is not supported by this review. More RCTs that measure and... |
CD003617 | [
"10535880",
"12072596",
"8391042",
"15489585",
"19052125",
"7489345",
"11580151",
"12063985",
"8621174"
] | [
"A randomized, controlled trial of maintenance interferon therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus and persistent viremia.",
"High sustained response rate in patients with histologically mild (low grade and stage) chronic hepatitis C infection. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of in... | [
": At least half of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) fail to respond to interferon or interferon/ribavirin therapy. Histological improvement is observed in some nonresponders. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial to determine if maintenance interferon therapy could prevent histological progressi... | The clinical data were limited to patients with histologic evidence of severe fibrosis who were retreated with pegylated interferon. In this scenario, retreatment with interferon did not appear to provide significant clinical benefit and, when only the trials at low risk of bias were considered, retreatment for several... |
CD006714 | [
"6996483",
"10561618",
"17028904",
"9396885",
"15694088",
"12962946",
"8960988",
"16458640",
"15288222"
] | [
"Midtrimester abortion by dilatation and evacuation versus intra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha: a randomized clinical trial.",
"Second-trimester uterine evacuation: A comparison of intra-amniotic (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha and intravaginal misoprostol.",
"A randomized comparison bet... | [
"To compare the safety and feasibility of midtrimester abortion by outpatient dilatation and evacuation (D-E) versus inpatient intra-amniotic instillation of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha), we performed a randomized clinical trial with 100 subjects estimated to be 13 to 18 menstrual weeks pregnant. Subjects un... | Dilation and evacuation is superior to instillation of prostaglandin F2
α. The current evidence also appears to favour D&E over mifepristone and misoprostol, however larger randomised trials are needed. |
CD008262 | [
"19401897",
"18547863",
"17261562",
"17654228",
"17978833",
"10362390",
"19308790",
"12627305",
"16558514"
] | [
"A single 10-min bout of cold-water immersion therapy after strenuous plyometric exercise has no beneficial effect on recovery from the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage.",
"Effect of water immersion methods on post-exercise recovery from simulated team sport exercise.",
"Ice-water immersion and delaye... | [
"The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a single bout of cold-water immersion on recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Eighteen physically active female volunteers (age 19.9 (+/-0.97 years), height 1.66 (+/-0.05 m), mass 63.7 (+/-10 kg), completed 10 sets of 10 counter-movement jumps ... | There was some evidence that cold-water immersion reduces delayed onset muscle soreness after exercise compared with passive interventions involving rest or no intervention. There was insufficient evidence to conclude on other outcomes or for other comparisons. The majority of trials did not undertake active surveillan... |
CD008844 | [
"17182126",
"17521544",
"16531621",
"16820564",
"20947859",
"10573067",
"16877299",
"15235901",
"17659916"
] | [
"Feasibility and safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment in patients with acute myocardial infarction.",
"[Regenerative therapy in patients with a revascularized acute anterior myocardial infarction and depressed ventricular function].",
"Stem cell mobilization induced by subcutaneous granuloc... | [
"This study examined feasibility and safety of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).\n Forty patients with AMI related with the left anterior descending coronary artery, who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention ... | Limited evidence from small trials suggested a lack of benefit of G-CSF therapy in patients with AMI. Since data of the risk of bias regarding blinding of personnel were not conclusive, larger RCTs with appropriate power calculations and longer follow up durations are required in order to address current uncertainties ... |
CD008348 | [
"12971850",
"17915147",
"3535601",
"91836",
"352100",
"8201703",
"7760866",
"3142949",
"1102398"
] | [
"[Early intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute cerebral infarction].",
"[Randomized controlled clinical trial of a home care unit intervention to reduce readmission and death rates in patients discharged from hospital following admission for heart failure].",
"Intraveno... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and to explore the most suitable dosage of rt-PA in the early treatment of the Chinese patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI).\n The patients who suited for the standard were divided into three groups. Gro... | Sonothrombolysis appears to reduce death or dependency at three months (although CIs are quite wide), and increases recanalisation without clear hazard. A larger clinical trial is warranted. |
CD006624 | [
"15465981",
"12464464",
"12442883",
"16199834",
"12684609",
"15076013",
"18562423",
"15641867",
"17113759"
] | [
"Randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone and olanzapine in acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.",
"Amisulpride vs. risperidone in chronic schizophrenia: results of a 6-month double-blind study.",
"A double-blin... | [
"Limited randomized, controlled trial data exist on possible differences between atypical antipsychotics in efficacy, overall tolerability, and important indices of health status. The authors compared the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone and olanzapine in the treatment of acutely ill inpatients with schizop... | There is little randomised evidence comparing amisulpride with other second generation antipsychotic drugs. We could only find trials comparing amisulpride with olanzapine, risperidone and ziprasidone. We found amisulpride may be somewhat more effective than ziprasidone, and more tolerable in terms of weight gain and o... |
CD008058 | [
"15993304",
"10323611",
"10748957",
"2381003",
"11549952",
"16881426",
"6994679",
"7673302",
"1280145"
] | [
"Treatment of second degree facial burns with allografts--preliminary results.",
"Management of partial thickness facial burns (comparison of topical antibiotics and bio-engineered skin substitutes).",
"The role of alternative therapy in the management of partial thickness burns of the face--experience with the... | [
"Facial burns are very common and have significant clinical impact. However, the treatment regimen for superficial to deep facial burns is not well defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cadaver skin grafting in deep partial thickness facial burns in comparison to standard care. In a p... | There is insufficient high quality research and evidence to enable conclusions to be drawn about the effects of topical interventions on wound healing in people with facial burns. |
CD005158 | [
"11519503",
"16531616",
"18753638",
"17982182",
"19463379",
"19427428",
"12937308",
"18946065",
"16765759"
] | [
"Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation.",
"Clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone for the prevention of atherothrombotic events.",
"Aspirin and extended-release dipyridamole versus clopidogrel for recurrent stroke.",
"Prasugr... | [
"Despite current treatments, patients who have acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation have high rates of major vascular events. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of the antiplatelet agent clopidogrel when given with aspirin in such patients.\n We randomly assigned 12,562 patients wh... | The available evidence demonstrates that the use of clopidogrel plus aspirin is associated with a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events and an increased risk of bleeding compared with aspirin alone. Only in patients with acute non-ST coronary syndrome benefits outweigh harms. |
CD003118 | [
"7951964",
"9046143",
"11601430",
"11166969",
"15089956",
"16564618",
"9311323",
"8929263",
"16078340"
] | [
"Effect of pronation and supination orthosis on Morton's neuroma and lower extremity function.",
"Surgery of Morton's neuroma: dorsal or plantar approach?",
"Interventional neurophysiology for pain control: duration of pain relief following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex.",
"... | [
"Twenty-three adult patients with Morton's neuroma of one foot were randomized to receive in-shoe orthoses made from a hard, compressed, felt material that would either pronate or supinate both feet. The response of the neuroma pain was measured using subjective visual analogue scales, an objective examination, and... | There is insufficient evidence with which to assess the effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical interventions for Morton's neuroma. Well designed trials are needed to begin to establish an evidence base for the treatment of Morton's neuroma pain. |
CD004786 | [
"3114506",
"10432161",
"15574620",
"12357146",
"3899020",
"14553868",
"20063224",
"7893564",
"9743925"
] | [
"Prospective study of replacing administration sets for intravenous therapy at 48- vs 72-hour intervals. 72 hours is safe and cost-effective.",
"A randomized trial of 72- versus 24-hour intravenous tubing set changes in newborns receiving lipid therapy.",
"Randomized, controlled trial of slow versus rapid feedi... | [
"We prospectively studied the safety of replacing intravenous delivery systems, including those used in total parenteral nutrition, at 72- compared with 48-hour intervals in 487 patients. Although the prevalence of contamination of intravenous fluid was higher in administration sets replaced at 72-hour intervals (1... | Some evidence supports maintaining intravenous fluids rather than restricting them in the first 48 hours in settings with high mortality rates and where patients present late. However, where children present early and mortality rates are lower, there is insufficient evidence to guide practice. |
CD002773 | [
"8285749",
"6109989",
"1468386",
"9389261",
"10545551",
"8951252",
"9462190",
"7669374",
"10771973"
] | [
"Randomised trial of routine versus selective paralysis during ventilation for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Pancuronium during mechanical ventilation speeds recovery of lungs of infants with hyaline membrane disease.",
"Effect of morphine and pancuronium on the stress response in ventilated preter... | [
"The strategy of non-selective neuromuscular paralysis was compared with that of synchronised (fast rate) ventilation and selective paralysis in infants receiving mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome with chronic lung disease as the primary outcome measure. One hundred and ninety three infants w... | For ventilated preterm infants with evidence of asynchronous respiratory effort, neuromuscular paralysis with pancuronium seems to have a favourable effect on intraventricular haemorrhage and possibly on pneumothorax. However, uncertainty remains regarding the long-term pulmonary and neurologic effects and the safety o... |
CD007046 | [
"11205200",
"10885603",
"9440756",
"1354275",
"11955734",
"7013971",
"10437612",
"7845115",
"2196107"
] | [
"Optimum duration of oral adjuvant chemotherapy of HCFU for colorectal cancer; review of 5-year follow-up.",
"The Scottish and Manchester randomised trial of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer.",
"Prospectively randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with high-ris... | [
"To investigate the optimal duration of oral HCFU administration for minimization of side effects induced by long-term administration.\n In total, 155 patients allocated to two groups of different duration of the therapy were reviewed: twice or three times per day doses of oral HCFU (8 mg/Kg body wei... | The present meta-analysis confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy of CRC should not last for more than 6 months. Prolonged duration would result in lower benefit to risk ratio. However, the results do not make it possible to favour either 3 or 6 month durations. They should help design a future RCT comparing different dur... |
CD005188 | [
"15485728",
"1913409",
"15904750",
"11812810",
"8050255",
"9243440",
"10408998",
"16461871",
"15006907"
] | [
"Telephone reminders are effective in recruiting nonresponding patients to randomized controlled trials.",
"Use of reminders for preventive procedures in family medicine.",
"Can just-in-time, evidence-based \"reminders\" improve pain management among home health care nurses and their patients?",
"Telephone re... | [
"Studies investigating means of recruiting participants to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are sparse. We investigated the effects of telephone reminders as a recruitment strategy.\n Sick-listed employees received a written invitation to participate in a study comparing standard treatments with a... | Personalized postcards or phone calls are effective, and home visits, and facilitators, may be effective. Reminders to physicians are not. There is insufficient good evidence for other interventions. |
CD009622 | [
"16340187",
"6127747",
"6149738",
"8625628",
"10074877",
"3676923",
"3529834",
"11591835",
"10471426"
] | [
"Diazepam to improve acute stroke outcome: results of the early GABA-Ergic activation study in stroke trial. a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.",
"Prophylactic effect of neuroleptics in symptom-free schizophrenics.",
"Ketazolam treatment for spasticity: double-blind study of a new drug.",
"Th... | [
"We tested whether diazepam, a GABA-ergic drug that also inhibits brain nitric monoxide formation, improves acute stroke prognosis.\n 880 patients, randomized within 12 h of acute stroke, received diazepam 10 mg or placebo by rectiole, as soon as possible, followed by 10-mg tablets twice daily for 3 ... | This review does not provide the evidence to support the use of GABA receptor agonists (chlormethiazole or diazepam) for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Chlormethiazole appeared to be beneficial in improving functional independence in patients with TACS according to the subgroup ana... |
CD006061 | [
"10983198",
"12197996",
"12600852",
"15531671",
"11976158",
"17100860",
"20851308",
"14633807",
"20087379"
] | [
"A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women.",
"Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men.",
"Whole-grain and fiber intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.",
"Changes in whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber consumption in... | [
"This study examined the association between intake of whole vs refined grain and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.\n We used a food frequency questionnaire for repeated dietary assessments to prospectively evaluate the relation between whole-grain intake and the risk of diabetes mellitus in a co... | The evidence from only prospective cohort trials is considered to be too weak to be able to draw a definite conclusion about the preventive effect of whole grain foods on the development of T2DM. Properly designed long-term randomised controlled trials are needed. To facilitate this, further mechanistic research should... |
CD004347 | [
"9754744",
"12426500",
"15910477",
"10080304",
"3479490",
"10570589",
"11725662",
"1803333",
"15101598"
] | [
"Survival of three types of veneer restorations in a clinical trial: a 2.5-year interim evaluation.",
"Three-year clinical comparison of survival of endodontically treated teeth restored with either full cast coverage or with direct composite restoration.",
"Endodontic complications after plastic restorations i... | [
"In this clinical trial, 180 veneer restorations (VRs) were evaluated. The purpose of the study was to collect survival data and to find possible relations between survival and (1) 'type of VR', (2) 'preparation design', (3) 'operator' and (4) the patient-related variables 'tooth-type' and 'vitality of the tooth'.\... | There is no reliable evidence to show a benefit of one type of veneer restoration (direct or indirect) over the other with regard to the longevity of the restoration. |
CD002765 | [
"11149033",
"9972405",
"11913801",
"12607659",
"2571469",
"9489309",
"11132739",
"11803323",
"17130328"
] | [
"Perioperative renal protection in patients with obstructive jaundice using drug combinations.",
"Tenoxicam does not alter renal function during anaesthesia in normal individuals.",
"The effects of fenoldopam on renal function in patients undergoing elective aortic surgery.",
"Pain treatment with a COX-2 inhi... | [
"The effectiveness of dopamine alone or in combination with mannitol or furosemide in preventing postoperative renal dysfunction in patients with obstructive jaundice was assessed in this study.\n Forty patients having obstructive jaundice were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups. Preoperative hyd... | NSAIDs caused a clinically unimportant transient reduction in renal function in the early postoperative period in patients with normal preoperative renal function. NSAIDs should not be withheld from adults with normal preoperative renal function because of concerns about postoperative renal impairment. |
CD004263 | [
"8782340",
"12744870",
"14575762",
"11734734",
"1557929",
"2975452",
"9323616",
"1995721",
"2172394"
] | [
"The quest for trials on the efficacy of human vaccines. Results of the handsearch of Vaccine.",
"Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Bangladeshi children 18-36 months of age.",
"Non-clinical and phase I clinical trials of a ... | [
"We report the results of the handsearch of all the issues of Vaccine from 1983 to 1994 to identify randomized and controlled clinical trials (RCTs and CCTs) with the aim of setting up a Cochrane data base of vaccine trials. We read 1119 original papers and located 231 trials of which 117 (50.6%) were RCTs and 114 ... | Only one of the three currently used vaccines has been assessed for efficacy in a RCT. Other RCTs have assessed their safety, however, and they appear to cause only occasional mild or moderate adverse events. Further trials of effectiveness and safety are needed for the currently used vaccines, especially concerning do... |
CD004260 | [
"1537158",
"18608367",
"1512910",
"20142693",
"1471839",
"2743665",
"9007770",
"18442423",
"3430154"
] | [
"The influence of continuous passive motion on the results of total knee arthroplasty.",
"Continuous passive motion as an adjunct to active exercises in early rehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty - a randomized controlled trial.",
"A controlled evaluation of continuous passive motion in patients und... | [
"Twenty-two primary total knee arthroplasties were prospectively randomized into one of two treatment protocols. Ten of these patients were managed in the hospital after surgery by means of a postoperative splint. The remaining 12 patients were placed immediately postoperatively in the recovery room into the contin... | The effects of continuous passive motion on knee range of motion are too small to justify its use. There is weak evidence that continuous passive motion reduces the subsequent need for manipulation under anaesthesia. |
CD000022 | [
"1889273",
"12379544",
"3063043",
"3033040",
"6998390",
"11500337",
"2194417",
"3324594",
"10021717"
] | [
"Antibiotic prophylaxis of respiratory tract infection in mechanically ventilated patients. A prospective, blinded, randomized trial of the effect of a novel regimen.",
"Influence of combined intravenous and topical antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of infections, organ dysfunctions, and mortality in critic... | [
"The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a novel regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis on the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection in patients requiring prolonged (at least five days) mechanical ventilation. The design was a controlled, prospective, randomized trial, with blinded comparison of... | A combination of topical and systemic prophylactic antibiotics reduces RTIs and overall mortality in adult patients receiving intensive care. Treatment based on the use of topical prophylaxis alone reduces respiratory infections but not mortality. The risk of resistance occurring as a negative consequence of antibiotic... |
CD007472 | [
"11806295",
"7954233",
"12515103",
"19092335",
"16710858",
"11896097",
"18424367",
"12143204",
"11286304"
] | [
"[Trimetazidine prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in hepatic surgery under vascular clamping].",
"Treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer with hepatic artery occlusion, intraportal 5-fluorouracil infusion, and oral allopurinol. A randomized clinical trial.",
"[Coronary artery disease observed in... | [
"Clamping the hepatic pedicle (or Pringle's manoeuvre) is frequently used to reduce blood loss during liver surgery. This induces a normothermic ischaemia of the overall liver. In this study we have investigated the anti-ischaemic effect of trimetazidine during surgery on hydatid cysts of the liver requiring vascul... | Trimetazidine, methylprednisolone, and dextrose may protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury in elective liver resections performed under vascular occlusion, but this is shown in trials with small sample sizes and high risk of bias. The use of these drugs should be restricted to well-designed randomised clinical tr... |
CD001288 | [
"8625660",
"11243949",
"19863361",
"9713447",
"10343624",
"15363007",
"3514164",
"10095821",
"12583942"
] | [
"Effects of long-term treatment with corticosteroids in COPD.",
"Systemic glucocorticoids in severe exacerbations of COPD.",
"Effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (250/50) on COPD exacerbations and impact on patient outcomes.",
"Randomised controlled trial of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with ch... | [
"To determine the effectiveness of treatment with corticosteroids in patients with COPD.\n In this study, we investigated the effect of a 2-year treatment with corticosteroids on clinical symptoms and the decline of lung function in 58 nonallergic patients with COPD. Subjects were treated in a double... | Treatment of an exacerbation of COPD with oral or parenteral corticosteroids significantly reduces treatment failure and the need for additional medical treatment and shortens hospital stay. It increases the rate of improvement in lung function and dyspnoea and the improvement continues during treatment, but there is a... |
CD007906 | [
"9534826",
"11157431",
"10353452",
"11989986",
"12027240",
"9545998",
"7953039",
"17335327",
"16675365"
] | [
"Intensive case management for the severely mentally ill. Controlled trial.",
"Intellectual functioning and outcome of patients with severe psychotic illness randomised to intensive case management. Report from the UK700 trial.",
"Intensive case management in Australia: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Heavy... | [
"The aim was to compare the efficacy of intensive clinical case management (ICM) with standard community care in the management of 'hard to treat' patients with a severe mental illness.\n A randomised controlled trial was carried out in East Lambeth, a deprived area of inner London. Seventy people wi... | ICM was found effective in ameliorating many outcomes relevant to people with severe mental illnesses. Compared to standard care ICM was shown to reduce hospitalisation and increase retention in care. It also globally improved social functioning, although ICM's effect on mental state and quality of life remains unclear... |
CD008500 | [
"20598077",
"19121589",
"11288011",
"1962900",
"10436448",
"15457363",
"17208082",
"10717252",
"1962901"
] | [
"PRODIGE: a randomized placebo-controlled trial of dalteparin low-molecular-weight heparin thromboprophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed malignant glioma.",
"A randomised open-label trial comparing long-term sub-cutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with oral-anticoagulant therapy in the treatment... | [
"Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in 20-30% of patients with malignant glioma per year of survival. We tested the efficacy of long-term dalteparin low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for prevention of VTE in these patients.\n Adults with newly diagnosed malignant glioma were randomized to receive ... | Primary thromboprophylaxis with LMWH significantly reduced the incidence of symptomatic VTE in ambulatory cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. However, the lack of power hampers definite conclusions on the effects on major safety outcomes, which mandates additional studies to determine the risk to benefit ratio o... |
CD006095 | [
"15179608",
"20145608",
"22472744",
"2494098",
"17604300",
"16572062",
"7939431",
"15740542",
"18469732"
] | [
"Clostridium difficile pilot study: effects of probiotic supplementation on the incidence of C. difficile diarrhoea.",
"Dose-response efficacy of a proprietary probiotic formula of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285 and Lactobacillus casei LBC80R for antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associat... | [
"Colonic infection with Clostridium difficile, leading to pseudomembranous colitis, is a common complication of antibiotic therapy, especially in elderly patients. It has been suggested that non-pathogenic probiotic bacteria might prevent the development and recurrence of C. difficile infection. This double-blind, ... | Based on this systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 randomized controlled trials including 4213 patients, moderate quality evidence suggests that probiotics are both safe and effective for preventing Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. |
CD001751 | [
"33086",
"8330429",
"16675091",
"12380631",
"3908675",
"2866117",
"6133791",
"7028529",
"2179780"
] | [
"Treating dysmenorrhea with anti-inflammatory agents: a double-blind trial with naproxen sodium.",
"An attempt at real prophylaxis of primary dysmenorrhea: comparison between meclofenamate sodium and naproxen sodium.",
"The efficacy and safety of aceclofenac versus placebo and naproxen in women with primary dys... | [
"Thirty-two dysmenorrheic patients participated in a double-blind trial of naproxen sodium for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The women were divided into two groups: 15 women were given naproxen sodium (the sodium salt of d-2-(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionic acid) and 17 women received placebo tablets. The wom... | NSAIDs are an effective treatment for dysmenorrhoea, though women using them need to be aware of the significant risk of adverse effects. There is insufficient evidence to determine which (if any) individual NSAID is the safest and most effective for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea. |
CD005943 | [
"16225575",
"20005647",
"10453830",
"2437967",
"7947529",
"14747165",
"16001749",
"12625668",
"12592250"
] | [
"First trimester threatened miscarriage treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophins: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Dydrogesterone in threatened miscarriage: a Malaysian experience.",
"Randomised trial comparing expectant with medical management for first trimester miscarriages.",
"Double-blind controlle... | [
"To determine whether administration of exogenous human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) treatment improve the pregnancy outcome in first trimester threatened miscarriages.\n A prospective, double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.\n The Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit, Royal Bo... | The data from this review suggest that the use of progestogens is effective in the treatment of threatened miscarriage with no evidence of increased rates of pregnancy-induced hypertension or antepartum haemorrhage as harmful effects to the mother, nor increased occurrence of congenital abnormalities on the newborn. Ho... |
CD007791 | [
"12771264",
"11291531",
"8866496",
"7912819",
"3546605",
"17721754",
"3791601",
"12865605",
"14741060"
] | [
"Idebenone treatment in Friedreich patients: one-year-long randomized placebo-controlled trial.",
"Neuropsychological change in patients with schizophrenia after treatment with quetiapine or haloperidol.",
"A controlled trial of idebenone in Huntington's disease.",
"Clinical, EEG mapping and psychometric stud... | [
"The authors carried out a 1-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in 29 patients with Friedreich ataxia. They found significant reductions of interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular mass in the idebenone group vs the placebo group, with no improvement in other heart ultrasound meas... | No RCT using idebenone or any other pharmacological treatment has shown significant benefit on neurological symptoms associated with Friedreich ataxia. Idebenone has shown a positive effect on left ventricular heart mass but the clinical relevance of this change was not assessed in the included study. |
CD008817 | [
"17919621",
"22554673",
"12698153",
"9112351",
"7520105",
"10755536",
"9275110",
"11888584",
"12962761"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine after lung transplantation.",
"Tacrolimus and cyclosporine have differential effects on the risk of development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome: results of a prospective, randomized international trial in lung transplantation.",
"Cyclosporine... | [
"The optimal maintenance immunosuppressive regimen after lung transplantation is uncertain.\n We conducted a randomized controlled trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine in combination with azathioprine and prednisone after lung transplantation. Ninety adults were randomized to tacrolimus (n = 44) o... | Tacrolimus may be superior to cyclosporin regarding bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, lymphocytic bronchitis, treatment withdrawal, and arterial hypertension, but may be inferior regarding development of diabetes. No difference in mortality and acute rejection was observed between patients treated with tacrolimus and ... |
CD005056 | [
"15121569",
"11166751",
"12635758",
"16241013",
"20027030",
"11287024",
"17628562",
"10929961",
"12678150"
] | [
"Paracervical block in incomplete abortion using manual vacuum aspiration: randomized clinical trial.",
"Comparison of paracervical block techniques during first trimester pregnancy termination.",
"Pain relief using paracervical block in patients undergoing manual vacuum aspiration of uterus.",
"Randomized co... | [
"To estimate the effectiveness of paracervical block in controlling pain among women treated with manual vacuum aspiration for an incomplete abortion\n A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Nuestra Señora de Altagracia, a maternal and perinatal referral hospital in the Dominican Republic. The ... | No technique provided reliable pain control in the 17 included studies. Some studies reported that women experienced severe pain (mean scores of 7 to 9 out of 10) during uterine intervention, irrespective of the analgesic technique used. We concluded that the available evidence fails to show whether paracervical block ... |
CD000359 | [
"2082953",
"6379022",
"406875",
"2651014",
"15730352",
"1418054",
"18674411",
"9447569",
"8997547"
] | [
"Lack of efficacy of hydergine in patients with Alzheimer's disease.",
"Double-blind clinical and psychologic study of ergoloid mesylates (Hydergine) in subjects with senile mental deterioration.",
"Pharmacotherapy for organic brain syndrome in late life. Evaluation of an ergot derivative vs placebo.",
"Ergol... | [
"There is no effective pharmacologic treatment for Alzheimer's disease, the most common dementing illness in the United States. Hydergine, a combination of ergoloid mesylates, is the only approved medication for Alzheimer's disease, but despite widespread use its efficacy remains to be established. We conducted a c... | As in an earlier systematic review, we found hydergine to show significant treatment effects when assessed by either global ratings or comprehensive rating scales (based here on a smaller set of trials than in the earlier published systematic review because trials were required to have data that could conform with Meta... |
CD007009 | [
"19012818",
"11483144",
"2016227",
"11270920",
"11191692",
"10714046",
"12233989",
"16972117",
"10591283"
] | [
"Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.",
"Efficacy of a mixed amphetamine salts compound in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.",
"Additive effects of psychostimulants, parent tr... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 30, 50, and 70 mg/day lisdexamfetamine dimesylate compared with placebo in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).\n Following a 7- to 28-day washout, 420 adults aged 18 to 55 years with moderate to severe ADHD (DSM-IV-TR criteria) were tre... | There is very little evidence for the effectiveness of amfetamine for ADHD in people with ID . Prescribing in this population is based on extrapolation of research in people without ID. More research into effectiveness and tolerability is urgently needed. |
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