review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD007639 | [
"12493338",
"15022127",
"16164398",
"9426082",
"1984989",
"9192926",
"16569189",
"7606951",
"8148194"
] | [
"A widely available method for the assessment of aerosol delivery in cystic fibrosis.",
"Drug delivery and adherence in young children.",
"Impact of a criteria-based reimbursement policy on the use of respiratory drugs delivered by nebulizer and health care services utilization in Nova Scotia, Canada.",
"Comp... | [
"Whilst nebulisers are commonly used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), nebulised aerosol lung deposition in individual patients is not routinely assessed in clinical practice. The present study was designed to evaluate whether a comparative measurement of aerosol lung deposition from nebulisers using a wide... | Clinicians should be aware of the variability in the performance of different nebuliser systems. Technologies such as adaptive aerosol delivery and vibrating mesh technology have advantages over conventional systems in terms of treatment time, deposition as a percentage of priming dose, patient preference and adherence... |
MR000005 | [
"9676673",
"12680987",
"19724045",
"12876092",
"9727760",
"11980553",
"9723823",
"17473138",
"8015133"
] | [
"Positive-outcome bias and other limitations in the outcome of research abstracts submitted to a scientific meeting.",
"Full publication of trials initially reported as abstracts in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 1980-2000.",
"Comparison of registered and published primary outcomes in random... | [
"Studies with positive results are more likely to be published in biomedical journals than are studies with negative results. However, many studies submitted for consideration at scientific meetings are never published in full; bias in this setting is poorly studied.\n To identify features associated... | Only 63% of results from abstracts describing randomized or controlled clinical trials are published in full. 'Positive' results were more frequently published than not 'positive' results. |
CD005652 | [
"16005708",
"20113305",
"19246029",
"20386260",
"19176222",
"16754838",
"20537722",
"18399039",
"15722000"
] | [
"Sustained efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder.",
"Hunter DBT project: randomized controlled trial of dialectical behaviour therapy in women with borderline personality disorder.",
"Dialectical behaviour therapy skills training compared to standard group therapy in bord... | [
"Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) is considered one of the most promising treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Recently, we reported significantly positive effects of 12 months DBT on parasuicidal behaviour and impulsivity in a mixed group of female BPD patients with and without substance abuse.... | There are indications of beneficial effects for both comprehensive psychotherapies as well as non-comprehensive psychotherapeutic interventions for BPD core pathology and associated general psychopathology. DBT has been studied most intensely, followed by MBT, TFP, SFT and STEPPS. However, none of the treatments has a ... |
CD002207 | [
"12606177",
"3275523",
"10615719",
"9283506",
"8624183",
"12810142",
"11173173",
"1578593",
"9684386"
] | [
"1-year retention and social function after buprenorphine-assisted relapse prevention treatment for heroin dependence in Sweden: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.",
"A clinical trial of buprenorphine: comparison with methadone in the detoxification of heroin addicts.",
"Buprenorphine versus methadone main... | [
"The partial opiate-receptor agonist buprenorphine has been suggested for treatment of heroin dependence, but there are few long-term and placebo-controlled studies of its effectiveness. We aimed to assess the 1-year efficacy of buprenorphine in combination with intensive psychosocial therapy for treatment of heroi... | Buprenorphine is an effective intervention for use in the maintenance treatment of heroin dependence, but it is less effective than methadone delivererd at adequate dosages. |
CD008226 | [
"10684489",
"16303728",
"11933922",
"12505568",
"9327779",
"15215813",
"9301631",
"21095484",
"10487500"
] | [
"A Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study of Atorvastatin.",
"Safety and efficacy of atorvastatin in patients with severe renal dysfunction.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 8-week study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once daily atorvastatin (10 mg) in patients with elevat... | [
"BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the number one cause of death in Western societies. Elevated levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) increase the risk for CHD. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl conenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors effectively reduce plasma chole... | Blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride lowering effect of atorvastatin was dependent on dose. Log dose-response data was linear over the commonly prescribed dose range. Manufacturer-recommended atorvastatin doses of 10 to 80 mg/day resulted in 36% to 53% decreases of LDL-cholesterol. The review did n... |
CD003249 | [
"10687755",
"11531635",
"11551574",
"12389002",
"17825135",
"8960988",
"16866794",
"12196880",
"15229013"
] | [
"A randomized clinical trial comparing oral misoprostol with synthetic oxytocin or syntometrine in the third stage of labour.",
"A randomized study comparing rectally administered misoprostol versus Syntometrine combined with an oxytocin infusion for the cessation of primary post partum hemorrhage.",
"WHO multi... | [
"This is a multicentre, blocked, randomized trial to compare the efficacy of oral misoprostol 400 microg with current injectable uterotonic agents (oxytocin/ Syntometrine) used prophylactically in the third stage of labour. Main outcome measures were blood loss, use of a second uterotonic agent and difference in ha... | There is insufficient evidence to show that the addition of misoprostol is superior to the combination of oxytocin and ergometrine alone for the treatment of primary PPH. Large multi-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled trials are required to identify the best drug combinations, route, and dose of uterotonics fo... |
CD005458 | [
"18472878",
"8238130",
"9894177",
"2206065",
"8245589",
"3046651",
"3186087",
"9642605",
"11236113"
] | [
"Randomized trial of antibiotics in addition to tocolytic therapy to treat preterm labor.",
"Antibiotic treatment of preterm labor with intact membranes: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Incidence of postpartum endomyometritis following single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis w... | [
"The objective of this study was to assess whether antibiotic therapy plus tocolysis given to women in preterm labor would prolong pregnancy compared with tocolysis alone.\n A randomized, double-blind trial of intravenous mezlocillin and oral erythromycin therapy vs. placebo was used in addition to t... | There is insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for the treatment of lactational mastitis. There is an urgent need to conduct high-quality, double-blinded RCTs to determine whether antibiotics should be used in this common postpartum condition. |
CD004418 | [
"11675332",
"11141388",
"2097149",
"17901791",
"10505557",
"8723449",
"2741218",
"7564350",
"10683053"
] | [
"Multicenter, randomized comparative trial of fludarabine and the combination of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-prednisone in 92 patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia in first relapse or with primary refractory disease.",
"[Oral levofloxacin versus intravenous ceftriaxone and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid in th... | [
"Few reports are available on the treatment of patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and primary or secondary resistance to alkylating-agent-based regimens. From December 1993 through December 1997, 92 patients with WM resistant to first-line therapy (42) or with first relapse (50) after alkylating-agent... | No benefit of survival or clinical efficacy was shown with empirical atypical coverage in hospitalized patients with CAP. This conclusion relates mostly to the comparison of quinolone monotherapy to beta-lactams. Further trials, comparing beta-lactam monotherapy to the same combined with a macrolide, should be performe... |
CD008268 | [
"15808038",
"17710485",
"15753273",
"9566455",
"9207726",
"11978257",
"2267922",
"3089439",
"9773910"
] | [
"Adjuvant prednisone therapy in pharyngitis: a randomised controlled trial from general practice.",
"Efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization.",
"Effectiveness of oral dexamethasone in the treatment of moderate to severe pharyngitis in children.",
... | [
"Acute pharyngitis is a frequent and well-documented complaint in general practice but the associated suffering has remained largely unaddressed in the literature. Evidence, however, from five randomised controlled trials suggests that corticosteroids may be useful in relieving pain and discomfort arising from the ... | Oral or intramuscular corticosteroids, in addition to antibiotics, increase the likelihood of both resolution and improvement of pain in participants with sore throat. Further trials assessing corticosteroids in the absence of antibiotics and in children are warranted. |
CD007694 | [
"18455221",
"15006018",
"17362472",
"14720008",
"17845589",
"14512127",
"16675212",
"22541245",
"14716965"
] | [
"Comparison of adjustable- and fixed-dose budesonide/formoterol pressurized metered-dose inhaler and fixed-dose fluticasone propionate/salmeterol dry powder inhaler in asthma patients.",
"Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol compared with fixed-dose salmeterol/fluticasone in moderate to severe... | [
"The adjustable-dose budesonide/formoterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) has demonstrated similar or greater asthma control with less inhaled corticosteroid compared with the fixed-dose budesonide/formoterol DPI.\n We sought to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and resource use of maintenance therapy w... | The seven identified studies in adults did not show any significant difference in safety between formoterol and budesonide in comparison with salmeterol and fluticasone. Asthma-related serious adverse events were rare, and there were no reported asthma-related deaths. There was a single, small study comparing formotero... |
CD008184 | [
"10690979",
"16888270",
"7714603",
"2909689",
"2874755",
"16051891",
"3903069",
"2903581",
"10684499"
] | [
"Randomized pilot trial of postoperative aspirin in subarachnoid hemorrhage.",
"Randomized controlled trial of acetylsalicylic acid in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: the MASH Study.",
"Phase II trial of tirilazad in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A report of the Cooperative Aneurysm Study.",
"Timing... | [
"To assess the safety and feasibility of a clinical trial on the effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).\n Several studies have indicated that increased platelet activity might be involved in the pathogenesis of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after SAH.\n ... | We cannot draw any conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of lowering cholesterol in aneurysmal SAH because of insufficient reliable evidence from only one small trial. More RCTs are needed. |
CD004126 | [
"8681596",
"9054253",
"20613538",
"10735784",
"8817135",
"7015021",
"7633974",
"15077078",
"9308617"
] | [
"Preoperative alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists prevent the deterioration of renal function after cardiac surgery: results of a randomized, controlled trial.",
"Perioperative sympatholysis. Beneficial effects of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist mivazerol on hemodynamic stability and myocardial ischemia. McSPI--... | [
"To evaluate the influence of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine on creatinine clearance as a measure of renal function.\n Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.\n University hospital.\n Patients undergoing coronary artery... | Our study provides encouraging evidence that α-2 adrenergic agonists may reduce cardiac risk, especially during vascular surgery. Nonetheless, these data remain insufficient to make firm conclusions about their efficacy and safety. A large randomized trial of α-2 adrenergic agonists is therefore warranted. Additionally... |
CD005016 | [
"10862642",
"11072938",
"10737166",
"12490682",
"11843761",
"16876666",
"490882",
"11374763",
"10978398"
] | [
"Randomized trial of high-flux vs low-flux haemodialysis: effects on homocysteine and lipids.",
"Secondary prevention with antioxidants of cardiovascular disease in endstage renal disease (SPACE): randomised placebo-controlled trial.",
"On-line haemodiafiltration versus low-flux haemodialysis. A prospective ran... | [
"Uncontrolled studies have found that high-flux haemodialysis favourably modifies homocysteine and lipid profiles. We sought to confirm these findings by carrying out a randomized prospective comparison of high-flux and low-flux polysulphone in chronic, stable dialysis patients.\n Forty-eight patient... | High-flux haemodialysis may reduce cardiovascular mortality in people requiring haemodialysis by about 15%. A large well-designed RCT is now required to confirm this finding. |
CD004912 | [
"11555433",
"16088834",
"8470311",
"15482398",
"10030329",
"12749486",
"11198658",
"16776817",
"8296357"
] | [
"The impact of insecticide-treated bednets on malaria and anaemia in pregnancy in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: a randomized controlled trial.",
"A randomized comparison of artesunate-atovaquone-proguanil versus quinine in treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria during pregnancy.",
"Malaria chemosuppr... | [
"The impact of insecticide-treated bednet use on malaria and anaemia in pregnancy was assessed, as a supplementary study, in a major WHO/TDR-supported bednet trial in northern Ghana between July 1994 and April 1995. The study area was divided into 96 clusters of compounds, with 48 clusters being randomly allocated ... | Data are scant. Some combination treatments appear to be effective at treating malaria in pregnancy; however, safety data are limited. |
CD004563 | [
"3977198",
"16539087",
"12033481",
"14729297",
"12196367",
"12694632",
"8917146",
"19775439",
"19209172"
] | [
"Expanding patient involvement in care. Effects on patient outcomes.",
"Consumer involvement in consent document development: a multicenter cluster randomized trial to assess study participants' understanding.",
"Factors affecting general practitioner involvement in a randomised controlled trial in primary care... | [
"An intervention was developed to increase patient involvement in care. Using a treatment algorithm as a guide, patients were helped to read their medical record and coached to ask questions and negotiate medical decisions with their physicians during a 20-minute session before their regularly scheduled visit. In a... | There is little evidence from randomised controlled trials of the effects of consumer involvement in healthcare decisions at the population level. The trials included in this review demonstrate that randomised controlled trials are feasible for providing evidence about the effects of involving consumers in these decisi... |
CD004832 | [
"17457441",
"15817582",
"15037402",
"11209540",
"1633902",
"9866064",
"16158479",
"19131401",
"16518579"
] | [
"Effect of low-dose aspirin therapy on implantation rate in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization cycles.",
"Low-dose aspirin does not improve ovarian responsiveness or pregnancy rate in IVF and ICSI patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study.",
"Adjuvant low-dose aspirin therapy in poor re... | [
"To determine the effect of low-dose aspirin on ovarian response, implantation and pregnancy rates in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.\n We performed a randomized analysis of 145 infertile women with a mean+/-SD age of 29.6 +/- 4.47 years who underwent cycles of IVF. Patients ... | Use of aspirin for women undergoing in vitro fertilisation cannot be recommended due to lack of evidence from the current trial data. Adequately powered trials are needed. It was proposed in the initial version of this review that a sample size of 350 women in each group would be required in order to demonstrate a 10% ... |
CD006423 | [
"10759019",
"15860246",
"12453948",
"10776038",
"20417856",
"16823726",
"6403102",
"11678974",
"12757988"
] | [
"Effect of metformin on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes in daily practice: a retrospective study.",
"Effect on glycemic control of the addition of 2.5 mg glipizide GITS to metformin in patients with T2DM.",
"Effect of combination glipizide GITS/metformin on fibrinolytic and metabolic parameters in poorly c... | [
"Recently the UKPDS study revealed the potency of metformin therapy in obese type 2 diabetic patients. A retrospective study was performed to assess the efficacy of metformin therapy in improving metabolic control in everyday practice.\n Type 2 diabetic patients were included if they met the followin... | GLP-1 agonists are effective in improving glycaemic control. |
CD007071 | [
"17973696",
"20164485",
"18270586",
"18686554",
"18926277",
"20219315",
"18539225",
"15645628",
"18790320"
] | [
"Effect of training for care providers on practice of essential newborn care in hospitals in Sri Lanka.",
"Newborn-care training and perinatal mortality in developing countries.",
"Effect of newborn resuscitation training on health worker practices in Pumwani Hospital, Kenya.",
"Training in complementary feed... | [
"To evaluate the effectiveness of a training program for care providers in improving practice of essential newborn care in obstetric units.\n Before-and-after study with an intervention and a control group.\n Five hospitals in the Puttalam district in Sri Lanka.\n Eight ... | There is limited evidence that in-service neonatal emergency care courses improve health-workers’ practices when caring for a seriously ill newborn although there is some evidence of benefit. Rigorous trials evaluating the impact of refresher emergency care training on long-term professional practices are needed. To op... |
CD009617 | [
"7767393",
"15541850",
"3035003",
"12504934",
"4177613",
"10437864",
"8238160",
"7589769",
"10453830"
] | [
"Multicentre trial of antepartum low-dose anti-D immunoglobulin.",
"Efficacy and safety of a new, chromatographically purified rhesus (D) immunoglobulin.",
"[Ante-partum administration of preventive treatment of Rh-D immunization in rhesus-negative women. Parallel evaluation of transplacental passage of fetal b... | [
"Routine antenatal Rh immunoprophylaxis would substantially increase the use of anti-D Ig in the U.K. As availability of anti-D Ig is one factor influencing a decision to introduce routine antenatal prophylaxis, a trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of a lower dose of anti-D Ig than that used in earlier studi... | There are insufficient data available to evaluate the practice of anti-D administration in an unsensitised Rh-negative mother after spontaneous miscarriage. Thus, until high-quality evidence becomes available, the practice of anti-D Immunoglobulin prophylaxis after spontaneous miscarriage for preventing Rh alloimmunisa... |
CD000236 | [
"7969210",
"7715792",
"16211594",
"11706112",
"8139604",
"1481646",
"8797480",
"8836932",
"333855"
] | [
"Pergolide compared with bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: a multicenter, crossover, controlled study.",
"Pergolide in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.",
"Pergolide versus levodopa monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease patients: The PELMOPET study.",
"Ten-year follow-up of three different initial ... | [
"We compared the efficacy and safety of pergolide and bromocriptine in 57 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) with a declining response to levodopa therapy in a single-blind, crossover study. Patients were placed randomly on the sequence bromocriptine-pergolide (12 + 12 weeks) or vice versa. Regular evaluations ... | Although pergolide is superior to bromocriptine in reducing motor impairments and disability, no firm conclusions regarding levodopa-induced motor complications can be reached. Levodopa dose reduction, adverse events and withdrawals from treatment are similar for the two agonists. The small advantage of pergolide in ef... |
CD006456 | [
"16476934",
"16159043",
"9159735",
"11356585",
"19407731",
"12734763",
"10376852",
"12911781",
"17605699"
] | [
"Tetrabenazine as antichorea therapy in Huntington disease: a randomized controlled trial.",
"A group randomized trial to improve safe use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.",
"A controlled trial of fluoxetine in nondepressed patients with Huntington's disease.",
"Two double-blind placebo-controlled pil... | [
"Tetrabenazine (TBZ) selectively depletes central monoamines by reversibly binding to the type 2 vesicular monoamine transporter. Open-label reports indicate TBZ is effective in treating chorea.\n To examine the safety, efficacy, and dose tolerability of TBZ for treating chorea in Huntington disease ... | No intervention proved to have a consistent symptomatic control in HD. Tetrabenazine is the anti-choreic drug with the best quality data available. Other symptomatic areas should be explored by well-designed randomised placebo-controlled studies. |
CD007470 | [
"14569109",
"14728632",
"12609940",
"16283320",
"1331788",
"10624454",
"10841179",
"11991447",
"16792136"
] | [
"Preventing bone loss in renal transplant recipients with vitamin D.",
"Alfacalcidol reduces the number of fallers in a community-dwelling elderly population with a minimum calcium intake of more than 500 mg daily.",
"Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mort... | [
"Very rapid bone loss, osteopenia, and osteoporosis have been documented in the first 6 to 12 mo after renal transplantation. Investigated was the effect of treatment with active vitamin D on the prevention of posttransplantation bone loss. Forty adult men who were recent renal transplant recipients were enrolled o... | Vitamin D in the form of vitamin D3 seems to decrease mortality in predominantly elderly women who are mainly in institutions and dependent care. Vitamin D2, alfacalcidol, and calcitriol had no statistically significant effect on mortality. Vitamin D3 combined with calcium significantly increased nephrolithiasis. Both ... |
CD008273 | [
"9638782",
"19091806",
"476358",
"17709994",
"15374320",
"19876673",
"10246464",
"16260821",
"11490051"
] | [
"Reducing distress in cancer patients with an orientation program.",
"Conducting a randomized clinical trial of an psychological intervention for parents/caregivers of children with cancer shortly after diagnosis.",
"Reality orientation and staff attention: a controlled study.",
"Repetitive transcranial magne... | [
"The purpose of this study was to test a brief orientation program for reducing anxiety, depressive symptoms, and overall distress in cancer patients at their initial clinic visit. One hundred and fifty consecutively referred patients seen in an oncology outpatient clinic were randomly assigned to an intervention o... | This review has demonstrated the feasibility and some potential benefits of orientation interventions. Orientation interventions may reduce distress in patients, but the quality of the evidence is low. However, most of the other outcomes remain inconclusive (patient knowledge recall/ satisfaction). The majority of stud... |
CD000048 | [
"2672899",
"11573526",
"2187377",
"7802303",
"19926098",
"7310594",
"3292249",
"10392674",
"10853619"
] | [
"High-dose caffeine suppresses postoperative apnea in former preterm infants.",
"Post-operative recovery after inguinal herniotomy in ex-premature infants: comparison between sevoflurane and spinal anaesthesia.",
"Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants: prospective comparison of spinal and general anesth... | [
"Thirty-two former preterm infants (less than or equal to 44 weeks postconceptual age) undergoing inguinal hernia repair were prospectively studied. General inhalational anesthesia with neuromuscular blockade was used. No barbiturates or opioids were given. Infants were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 rec... | Implications for practice. After general anaesthesia, caffeine can be used to prevent postoperative apnoea/bradycardia and episodes of oxygen desaturation in growing preterm infants if this is deemed clinically necessary. In view of the small numbers of infants studied in these trials and uncertainty concerning the cli... |
CD004962 | [
"2684990",
"10424554",
"11307071",
"18056488",
"16735589",
"10530535",
"10401657",
"14564258",
"12130413"
] | [
"The management of acute acromioclavicular dislocation. A randomised prospective controlled trial.",
"Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of immediate arthroscopic stabilization versus immobilization and rehabilitation in first traumatic anterior dislocations of the shoulder.",
"Co... | [
"In a prospective study, 60 patients with acute acromioclavicular dislocation were randomly allocated to treatment with a broad arm sling or to reduction and fixation with a coracoclavicular screw. Of these 54 were followed for four years. Conservatively-treated patients regained movement significantly more quickly... | There is a lack of evidence from randomised controlled trials to inform the choices for conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder.
Sufficiently powered, good quality, well reported randomised controlled trials with long-term surveillance of conservative managem... |
CD003786 | [
"12734907",
"12465163",
"11114277",
"13130154",
"8782139",
"17848814",
"11908576",
"3303097",
"9180065"
] | [
"Aerobic fitness effects in fibromyalgia.",
"The effects of exercise and education, individually or combined, in women with fibromyalgia.",
"Strength training induced adaptations in neuromuscular function of premenopausal women with fibromyalgia: comparison with healthy women.",
"Changes in knee extension and... | [
"To compare 2 exercise modalities, aerobic fitness training and stretching exercises, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) in relation to function, pain, quality of life, depression, and anxiety, and to correlate the cardiorespiratory fitness gain with symptom improvement.\n Seventy-six women with FM b... | There is 'gold' level evidence (www.cochranemsk.org) that supervised aerobic exercise training has beneficial effects on physical capacity and FM symptoms. Strength training may also have benefits on some FM symptoms. Further studies on muscle strengthening and flexibility are needed. Research on the long-term benefit ... |
CD001290 | [
"9093336",
"7974314",
"16777829",
"10325723",
"16635175",
"8975246",
"16777828",
"15580199",
"3545094"
] | [
"Impact of a nurse-led home management training programme in children admitted to hospital with acute asthma: a randomised controlled study.",
"Prospective controlled evaluation of the effect of a community based asthma education centre in a multiracial working class neighbourhood.",
"Delivering tailored asthma... | [
"Re-admissions to hospital in childhood asthma are common with studies reporting that 25% or more of children will be re-admitted within a year. There is a need for strategies to reduce re-admissions.\n A prospective randomised control study of an asthma home management training programme was perform... | Asthma education aimed at children and their carers who present to the emergency department for acute exacerbations can result in lower risk of future emergency department presentation and hospital admission. There remains uncertainty as to the long-term effect of education on other markers of asthma morbidity such as ... |
CD002128 | [
"11707562",
"12689805",
"16277797",
"2258876",
"7742677",
"12366892",
"2115348",
"17298711",
"12037657"
] | [
"Reducing cardiovascular disease risk with diet.",
"One-year results from a brief, computer-assisted intervention to decrease consumption of fat and increase consumption of fruits and vegetables.",
"Beneficial effects of short-term nutritional counselling at the primary health-care level among Brazilian adults.... | [
"Past research efforts to determine the influence of the diet on cardiovascular (CV) health have focused on the individual roles of specific dietary components with debatable success. Awareness of the impact and complexity of nutrient interactions has expanded in recent years to include assessment of dietary patter... | Dietary advice appears to be effective in bringing about modest beneficial changes in diet and cardiovascular risk factors over approximately 12 months, but longer-term effects are not known. |
CD004944 | [
"8885732",
"18472878",
"2677862",
"15842288",
"2276652",
"9774287",
"8245589",
"8238130",
"10819855"
] | [
"The clinical efficacy of oral tocolytic therapy.",
"Randomized trial of antibiotics in addition to tocolytic therapy to treat preterm labor.",
"A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial of antibiotics in idiopathic preterm labor.",
"Tocolysis for repeat external cephalic version in breech presentation ... | [
"Our purpose was to determine whether maintenance oral tocolytic therapy after preterm labor stabilization decreases uterine activity, reduces the rate of recurrent preterm labor and subsequent preterm birth, or improves neonatal outcome.\n Women with documented idiopathic preterm labor stabilized wi... | There is currently insufficient information available from randomised trials to support or refute the routine or selective use of tocolytic agents to facilitate infant birth at the time of caesarean section.
[Note: The six citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the r... |
CD006214 | [
"19854395",
"12677565",
"17060756",
"8197563",
"16959690",
"17555693",
"21219392",
"19000234",
"10166598"
] | [
"Quality of reporting in randomized trials published in high-quality surgical journals.",
"Randomized controlled trials in pediatric surgery: could we do better?",
"Standards of reporting of randomized controlled trials in general surgery: can we do better?",
"Randomized controlled trials in surgery.",
"A p... | [
"Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in surgery can provide valuable evidence of the efficacy of interventions if they are well-designed, appropriately executed, and adequately reported. Adequate reporting of methodology in surgical RCTs is known to be poor, and adverse-event reporting in surgical research is incon... | There is a lack of large, high-quality published RCTs evaluating debridement per se, or comparing different methods of debridement for surgical wounds, to guide clinical decision-making. |
CD009664 | [
"9536565",
"7710149",
"16750463",
"9563208",
"8879897",
"1647496",
"17157114",
"12603639",
"1647495"
] | [
"Sumatriptan suppositories for the acute treatment of migraine. S2B351 Study Group.",
"Subcutaneous sumatriptan for treatment of acute migraine in patients admitted to the emergency department: a multicenter study.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy and tolerability of a 4-m... | [
"A randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial was undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the sumatriptan suppository in 184 patients with acute migraine. Patients used a sumatriptan suppository (12.5 mg or 25 mg) or placebo at home for the treatment of a moderate or severe mig... | Based on limited amounts of data, sumatriptan 25 mg, administered rectally, is an effective treatment for acute migraine attacks, with participants in these studies experiencing a significant reduction in headache pain and functional disability within two hours of treatment. The lack of data on relief of headache-assoc... |
CD007933 | [
"7767151",
"1320133",
"16919803",
"19996048",
"15838199",
"20168206",
"8067649",
"1961169",
"3044474"
] | [
"Acyclovir given as prophylaxis against oral ulcers in acute myeloid leukaemia: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.",
"Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes.",
"A brief individualized computer-delivered sexual risk r... | [
"To evaluate (a) the prophylactic effect of the antiherpetic drug acyclovir on oral ulcers in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia receiving remission induction chemotherapy and thus (b), indirectly, the role of herpes simplex virus in the aetiology of these ulcers.\n Randomised, double blind, place... | At present, there is insufficient evidence to determine whether curative treatment of genital ulcer disease would reduce the risk of HIV acquisition. The very low quality of the evidence implies that the true effect of genital ulcer disease treatment on sexual acquisition of HIV may be substantially different from the ... |
CD004534 | [
"9477538",
"16439929",
"11157288",
"23084163",
"12699022",
"9215505",
"20093899",
"11680554",
"20538369"
] | [
"An evaluation of a dating violence prevention program for middle school students.",
"Secondary prevention of intimate partner violence: a randomized controlled trial.",
"An evaluation of a system-change training model to improve emergency department response to battered women.",
"\"Coaching boys into men\": ... | [
"A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of a 5-session relationship violence prevention program involving a middle school of predominantly African-American students. A composite measure assessed changes in knowledge, attitudes, and methods of dealing with relationship violence. A pretest-posttest con... | Studies included in this review showed no evidence of effectiveness of interventions on episodes of relationship violence or on attitudes, behaviours and skills related to relationship violence. We found a small increase in knowledge but there was evidence of substantial heterogeneity among studies. Further studies wit... |
CD005085 | [
"17174705",
"19564902",
"19686407",
"16987370",
"12811500",
"9081959",
"16124349",
"9661546",
"7846921"
] | [
"Continuous pralidoxime infusion versus repeated bolus injection to treat organophosphorus pesticide poisoning: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Pralidoxime in acute organophosphorus insecticide poisoning--a randomised controlled trial.",
"Optimal dose of intravenous pantoprazole in patients with peptic ulcer ... | [
"The role of oximes for the treatment of organophosphorus pesticide poisoning has not been conclusively established. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a constant pralidoxime infusion compared with repeated bolus doses to treat patients with moderately severe poisoning from organophosphorus pesticides.\n ... | Current evidence is insufficient to indicate whether oximes are harmful or beneficial. The WHO recommended regimen (30 mg/kg pralidoxime chloride bolus followed by 8 mg/kg/hr infusion) is not supported. Further RCTs are required to examine other strategies and regimens. There are many theoretical and practical reasons ... |
CD000551 | [
"8175136",
"10782903",
"8174890",
"8315262",
"2551765",
"8201224",
"16285948",
"12190178",
"11121914"
] | [
"The Canadian Multicenter Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis.",
"Long-term effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a double-blind controlled multicentric trial. UDCA-Cooperative Group from the Spanish Association for the S... | [
"Ursodeoxycholic acid, a dihydroxyl bile acid normally present in human beings in minimal amounts, becomes incorporated into the bile salt pool when taken orally. In cholestasis, bile acids are retained in the liver and are hepatotoxic. Ursodeoxycholic acid is the least-known hepatotoxic bile acid, has choleretic p... | This systematic review did not demonstrate any significant benefits of ursodeoxycholic acid on all-cause mortality, all-cause mortality or liver transplantation, pruritus, or fatigue in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Ursodeoxycholic acid seemed to have a beneficial effect on liver biochemistry measures and on... |
CD001925 | [
"1860198",
"14641799",
"12799402",
"12649515",
"12823646",
"16714187",
"7907677",
"11794192",
"9403477"
] | [
"Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. Final results.",
"Aspirin in the prevention of progressing stroke: a randomized controlled study.",
"Aspirin and ticlopidine for prevention of recurrent stroke in black patients: a randomized trial.",
"Comparison of triflusal and aspirin for prevention of vascu... | [
"Atrial fibrillation in the absence of rheumatic valvular disease is associated with a fivefold to sevenfold increased risk of ischemic stroke.\n The Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study, a multicenter, randomized trial, compared 325 mg/day aspirin (double-blind) or warfarin with placebo fo... | Aspirin appears to reduce stroke and major vascular events in patients with non-valvular AF similar to its effect in other high-risk patients (i.e. by about 25%). For primary prevention among AF patients with an average stroke rate of 4% per year, about 10 strokes would likely be prevented yearly for every 1000 AF pati... |
CD003691 | [
"8773035",
"6386008",
"8701508",
"2044394",
"1544615",
"2947106",
"8741021",
"9447569",
"2242846"
] | [
"A double blind placebo controlled trial of ginkgo biloba extract in acute cerebral ischaemia.",
"6-Month double-blind randomised clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba extract versus placebo in two parallel groups in patients suffering from peripheral arterial insufficiency.",
"[The effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in... | [
"A double blind placebo controlled trial was conducted in 55 patients of acute ischaemic stroke. Twenty one and twenty six patients were randomly allotted in group A and group B respectively. In group A, the patients received 40 mg Ginkgo biloba extract at 6 hourly intervals along with routine management. The place... | There was no convincing evidence from trials of sufficient methodological quality to support the routine use of Ginkgo biloba extract to promote recovery after stroke. High-quality and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed to test its efficacy. |
CD003598 | [
"8382753",
"10916115",
"17591533",
"15502721",
"16431893",
"17425758",
"12904684",
"7843758",
"9752816"
] | [
"Converting-enzyme inhibitor versus calcium antagonist in cyclosporine-treated renal transplants.",
"Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by lisinopril after renal transplantation: role of ACE gene polymorphism.",
"ACE inhibitors and persistent left ventricular hypertrophy after renal transplantation: a r... | [
"The influence of antihypertensive treatment on the long-term evolution of arterial pressure and renal function was studied in a prospective controlled trial conducted in renal transplant recipients treated by cyclosporine. Within six months after transplantation, patients were randomly allocated to treatment by th... | These data suggest that CCB may be preferred as first line agents for hypertensive kidney transplant recipients. ACEi have some detrimental effects in kidney transplant recipients. More high quality studies reporting patient centred outcomes are required. |
CD001434 | [
"10357864",
"11766122",
"11051136",
"8195735",
"2229525",
"10640840",
"9828778",
"21118309",
"12592084"
] | [
"Treatment of toenail onychomycosis with 2% butenafine and 5% Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in cream.",
"Tazarotene 0.1% gel in the treatment of fingernail psoriasis: a double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled study.",
"Ciclopirox nail lacquer topical solution 8% in the treatment of toenail onychomy... | [
"The prevalence of onychomycosis, a superficial fungal infection that destroys the entire nail unit, is rising, with no satisfactory cure. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to examine the clinical efficacy and tolerability of 2% butenafine hydrochloride and 5% Melaleuca al... | Placebo-controlled trials of allylamines and azoles for athlete's foot consistently produce much higher percentages of cure than placebo. Allylamines cure slightly more infections than azoles and are now available OTC. Further research into the effectiveness of antifungal agents for nail infections is required. |
CD005548 | [
"8098293",
"7900522",
"11430936",
"9609271",
"9211675",
"1751444",
"9532990",
"9241285",
"12057549"
] | [
"Nutritional factors and rest reduce pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia in positive roll-over test primigravidas.",
"Expectant management in severe preeclampsia: does magnesium sulfate prevent the development of eclampsia?",
"Supplementary calcium in prevention of pre-eclampsia.",
"Low sodium di... | [
"The possibility of reducing pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia in primigravidas with low doses of nutritional factors and relative rest in the left lateral position was investigated in a randomized controlled, double-blind trial.\n Seventy-four normotensive women at 28-29 weeks' gestati... | In the absence of evidence that advice to alter salt intake during pregnancy has any beneficial effect for prevention of pre-eclampsia or any other outcome, salt consumption during pregnancy should remain a matter of personal preference.
[Note: The citation in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter... |
CD007551 | [
"16899775",
"18070096",
"17931979",
"19321846",
"354098",
"11277825",
"16616020",
"17283260",
"8575241"
] | [
"High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack.",
"Simvastatin in the acute phase of ischemic stroke: a safety and efficacy pilot trial.",
"Fast assessment of stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent early recurrence (FASTER): a randomised controlled pilot trial.",
"Aspirin vs antic... | [
"Statins reduce the incidence of strokes among patients at increased risk for cardiovascular disease; whether they reduce the risk of stroke after a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains to be established.\n We randomly assigned 4731 patients who had had a stroke or TIA within one ... | Insufficient data were available from randomized trials to establish if statins are safe and effective in cases of acute ischemic stroke and TIA. |
CD007277 | [
"16947384",
"16935912",
"16162882",
"16785475",
"18055472",
"15001324",
"1642652",
"10075615",
"15146410"
] | [
"Safety of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving background biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A one-year randomized, placebo-controlled study.",
"Selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid... | [
"To assess the safety of abatacept, a selective costimulation modulator, in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had been receiving > or =1 traditional nonbiologic and/or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) approved for the treatment of RA for at least 3 months prior to entry into ... | There is moderate-level evidence that abatacept is efficacious and safe in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Abatacept should not be used in combination with other biologics to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The withdrawal and toxicity profile appears acceptable at the present time but further long-term studies and p... |
CD005309 | [
"17254760",
"11379810",
"12475833",
"10983616",
"12063520",
"16032934",
"11897984",
"9850359",
"9828851"
] | [
"Beclometasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol versus fluticasone propionate in children with asthma.",
"A randomized, double-blind comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol and fluticasone propionate.",
"Efficacy and safety of beclomethasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol in childhood asthma: ... | [
"Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) extrafine is a hydrofluoroalkane-based, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free inhalation aerosol. This study was conducted to determine whether BDP extrafine and CFC-fluticasone proprionate (FP) aerosols were equivalent in terms of efficacy and tolerability in children with symptomatic mil... | There was no significant difference between FP and extrafine HFA-BDP on FEV1 or peak flow at a dose ratio of 1:1. However, the number of studies and width of the confidence intervals in the analyses do not exclude a clinically meaningful difference between these two drugs. Difficulty in the successful manipulation of t... |
CD007759 | [
"19262394",
"16651912",
"9651462",
"10433531",
"15123970",
"15730578",
"18559469",
"15274267",
"16962532"
] | [
"Pronation versus supination maneuvers for the reduction of 'pulled elbow': a randomized clinical trial.",
"Randomized comparison of pain perception during radial head subluxation reduction using supination-flexion or forced pronation.",
"A comparison of supination/flexion to hyperpronation in the reduction of ... | [
"The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of the hyperpronation and supination-flexion maneuvers in the reduction of the pulled elbow.\n Sixty-six patients with pulled elbow were randomized for reduction with either hyperpronation or supination-flexion maneuvers. When the first attempt... | There is limited evidence from four small low-quality trials that the pronation method might be more effective and less painful than the supination method for manipulating pulled elbow in young children. We recommend that a high quality randomised trial be performed to strengthen the evidence. |
CD003347 | [
"8895908",
"9552068",
"9681885",
"15134985",
"1372126",
"12873686",
"9621488",
"10025832",
"9494595"
] | [
"Radiosensitization with low-dose carboplatin enhances pain palliation in radioisotope therapy with strontium-89.",
"Palliation of pain associated with metastatic bone cancer using samarium-153 lexidronam: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.",
"Randomized trial of single dose versus fractionated p... | [
"Strontium-89 (89Sr) is currently used for the treatment of painful bone metastases. This study reports the use of low-dose carboplatin as a radiosensitizer in 89Sr radioisotope therapy. The study design comprised two groups: 15 patients treated with 89Sr (148 MBq) followed by carboplatin (100 mg m-2 at 7 and 21 da... | This update adds new evidence on efficacy of radioisotopes versus placebo, 89Sr compared with other radioisotopes, and dose-comparisons of 153Sm and 188Re. There is some evidence indicating that radioisotopes may provide complete reduction in pain over one to six months with no increase in analgesic use, but severe adv... |
CD003474 | [
"15026791",
"18927312",
"21060033",
"9691101",
"15251160",
"12873686",
"12510813",
"8418243",
"11134190"
] | [
"Oral ibandronate reduces the risk of skeletal complications in breast cancer patients with metastatic bone disease: results from two randomised, placebo-controlled phase III studies.",
"Extended efficacy and safety of denosumab in breast cancer patients with bone metastases not receiving prior bisphosphonate the... | [
"Although intravenous (i.v.) bisphosphonates are the standard of care for metastatic bone disease, they are less than ideal for many patients due to infusion-related adverse events (AEs), an increased risk of renal toxicity and the inconvenience of regular hospital visits. The use of oral bisphosphonate therapy is ... | In women with clinically evident BCBM, bisphosphonates (oral and i.v.) and denosumab (s.c.) reduced the risk of developing SREs, as well as delaying the time to SREs. Some bisphosphonates may also reduce bone pain and may improve QoL. The optimal timing and duration of treatment for patients with BCBM remains uncertain... |
MR000002 | [
"8942777",
"8015120",
"8198342",
"8883984",
"15561784",
"14651815",
"8090847",
"12038932",
"14996698"
] | [
"Readers' evaluation of effect of peer review and editing on quality of articles in the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde.",
"Effects of peer review and editing on the readability of articles published in Annals of Internal Medicine.",
"Manuscript quality before and after peer review and editing at Annals... | [
"Academic biomedical journals use peer review and editing to help to select and improve the quality of articles. We have investigated whether articles accepted by the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, the Dutch Journal of Medicine, were improved after peer review and editing (post-acceptance scientific and c... | Surprisingly few studies have evaluated the effects of technical editing rigorously. However there is some evidence that the 'package' of technical editing used by biomedical journals does improve papers. A substantial number of references in biomedical articles are cited or quoted inaccurately. |
CD002272 | [
"9859905",
"8099639",
"8472827",
"11433048",
"11517199",
"8977608",
"16299118",
"10859037",
"9255192"
] | [
"Efficacy of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in treating apnea of prematurity.",
"Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease.",
"Comparison of nasal pressure support ventilation with nasal intermittent positive pressu... | [
"The efficacy of nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in treating apnea of prematurity was evaluated. Apneic preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive either NIPPV or continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) for 4 hr when they failed to respond to conservative therapy. The amount of r... | Implications for practice: NIPPV may be a useful method of augmenting the beneficial effects of NCPAP in preterm infants with apnea that is frequent or severe. Its use appears to reduce the frequency of apneas more effectively than NCPAP. Additional safety and efficacy data are required before recommending NIPPV as sta... |
CD007685 | [
"14644966",
"14593039",
"14674933",
"21035869",
"9113011",
"15480323",
"11713061",
"19156012",
"22094303"
] | [
"Randomised controlled trial of treatment of unilateral visual impairment detected at preschool vision screening.",
"Screening older people for impaired vision in primary care: cluster randomised trial.",
"Clinical efficacy of sublingual and subcutaneous birch pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy: a randomize... | [
"To test the efficacy of treatment for unilateral visual loss detected by preschool vision screening and the extent to which effectiveness varies with initial severity.\n Randomised controlled trial of full treatment with glasses and patching, if required, compared with glasses only or no treatment. ... | Overall, SLIT is moderately effective in reducing total and individual ocular symptom scores in participants with ARC and AC. There were however some concerns about the overall quality of the evidence-base, this relating to inadequate descriptions of allocation concealment in some studies, statistical heterogeneity and... |
CD005278 | [
"16914693",
"15090564",
"10408537",
"7843696",
"10102427",
"18035202",
"9246043",
"10905596",
"9221964"
] | [
"Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes.",
"Multicentre, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, phase III study of weekly, low dose, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis... | [
"To assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability of every-other-day interferon beta-1b treatment in patients with a first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS) (clinically isolated syndrome).\n We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients with a... | The efficacy of IFN beta treatment on preventing the conversion from CIS to CDMS was confirmed over two years of follow-up. Since patients had some clinical heterogeneity (length of follow-up, clinical findings of initial attack), it could be useful for the clinical practice to further analyse the efficacy of IFN beta ... |
CD007102 | [
"21263100",
"19574798",
"18632105",
"15760322",
"21996593",
"2536911",
"7378989",
"367574",
"11001889"
] | [
"Phase III trial of weekly methotrexate or pulsed dactinomycin for low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a gynecologic oncology group study.",
"Actinomycin d versus methotrexate-folinic acid as the treatment of stage I, low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Puls... | [
"There is no consensus on the best regimen for the primary treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).\n Two commonly used single-drug regimens were compared with respect to the proportion of patients meeting the criteria for a complete response (CR) in a randomized phase III tri... | Dactinomycin is more likely to achieve a primary cure in women with low-risk GTN, and less likely to result in treatment failure, compared with methotrexate. There is limited evidence relating to side-effects, however, the pulsed dactinomycin regimen does not appear to be associated with significantly more side-effects... |
CD008881 | [
"16477114",
"402445",
"10633593",
"10025022",
"15281672",
"19952790",
"10828925",
"11515325",
"1297051"
] | [
"A study of the effects of isokinetic pre-employment physical capability screening in the reduction of musculoskeletal disorders in a labor intensive work environment.",
"The value of preplacement medical examinations for nonhazardous light duty work.",
"Preplacement assessments. Impact on injury outcomes.",
... | [
"This study investigated the effects of pre-employment physical ability screening using isokinetic dynamometry in injury development, specific to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of the knees, shoulders and back among workers in physically demanding jobs.\n New hires (n=503) from a large US employer'... | There is very low quality evidence that pre-employment examinations that are specific to certain jobs or health problems could reduce occupational disease, injury, or sickness absence. This supports the current policy to restrict pre-employment examinations to job-specific examinations. More studies are needed that tak... |
CD004278 | [
"17894080",
"4550211",
"334315",
"10870870",
"10722180",
"9659857",
"11120421",
"1089401",
"1096218"
] | [
"Parenteral haloperidol for rapid control of severe, disruptive symptoms of acute schizophrenia.",
"Haloperidol, clopenthixol, and chlorpromazine in chronic schizophrenia. Chemically unrelated antipsychotics as therapeutic alternatives.",
"High dosage haloperidol in chronic schizophrenia.",
"A comparison of t... | [
"Intramuscular haloperidol, at three dose levels, (5 mg, 2 mg, and 1 mg) chlorpromazine (25 mg), and placebo were compared for efficacy, rapidity of therapeutic onset, and safety in 50 acute psychotic patients requiring rapid control. The drugs were administered parenterally under double-blind conditions at half-ho... | Given that haloperidol and chlorpromazine are global standard antipsychotic treatments for schizophrenia, it is surprising that less than 800 people have been randomised to a comparison and that incomplete reporting still makes it difficult for anyone to draw clear conclusions on the comparative effects of these drugs.... |
CD006112 | [
"9032501",
"12748973",
"15774341",
"2024598",
"9493664",
"15074436",
"15800330",
"10700685",
"19826172"
] | [
"The effects of a community-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme on exercise tolerance and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial.",
"The group psychotherapy and home-based physical exercise (group-hope) trial in cancer survivors: physical fitness and quality of life outcomes.",
"A pilot study of a ... | [
"The present multicentre study evaluates the differences in efficacy between a 3 month rehabilitation programme including drug treatment, and a 3 month control period of drug treatment only, for asthmatic patients and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The programme was run by physiotherapi... | We have not found any evidence to suggest that this treatment is either beneficial or not. We would advise that practitioners evaluate on a case-by-case basis whether or not to employ this therapy. We recommend that future studies make more use of health-related quality of life and exercise tolerance measures; and that... |
CD003449 | [
"16730488",
"8222651",
"8429800",
"12681866",
"11770191",
"8982752",
"16135576",
"12568841",
"11704167"
] | [
"Efficacy of a selective COX-2 inhibitor for controlling irregular uterine bleeding in DMPA users.",
"Long-interval treatment regimen with a desogestrel-containing oral contraceptive.",
"A two-year double-blind controlled study of the clinical effect of combined and sequential postmenopausal replacement therapy... | [
"This double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of valdecoxib and placebo for controlling irregular uterine bleeding in depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) users.\n A total of 51 DMPA users were enrolled. All subjects in the study had abnormal bleeding and wer... | Some women may benefit from the interventions described, particularly with cessation of current bleeding. Several regimens offer promise in regulating bleeding, but findings need to be reproduced in larger trials. The results of this review do not support routine clinical use of any of the regimens included in the tria... |
CD004982 | [
"20860504",
"15946202",
"19121589",
"1390143",
"10431991",
"19299272",
"11369685",
"10436448",
"12010667"
] | [
"Fondaparinux for the treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis in the legs.",
"High vs. low doses of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: a double-blind, randomized trial.",
"A randomised open-label trial comparing long-term sub-cutaneous low-molecular-weigh... | [
"The efficacy and safety of anticoagulant treatment for patients with acute, symptomatic superficial-vein thrombosis in the legs, but without concomitant deep-vein thrombosis or symptomatic pulmonary embolism at presentation, have not been established.\n In a randomized, double-blind trial, we assign... | Prophylactic dose fondaparinux given for six weeks appears to be a valid therapeutic option for ST of the legs. The evidence on oral treatments, topical treatment, or surgery is too limited and does not inform clinical practice about the effects of these treatments in terms of VTE and ST progression. Further research i... |
CD004023 | [
"8440364",
"1712835",
"11442499",
"16129365",
"12714824",
"8559201",
"9469347",
"7981078",
"8221579"
] | [
"Initial versus deferred melphalan-prednisone therapy for asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I--a randomized study. Myeloma Group of Western Sweden.",
"Effect of daily etidronate on the osteolysis of multiple myeloma.",
"Long-term follow-up of a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of... | [
"From October 1983 until December 1988, 50 patients with asymptomatic multiple myeloma stage I were included in a prospective randomized multi-centre study comparing melphalan-prednisone (MP) therapy started at the time of diagnosis with deferred therapy where MP was started at the time of disease progression. Twen... | Early treatment of early stage multiple myeloma inhibits disease progression, and may reduce vertebral compression. However, early treatment may increase the risk of acute leukemia. However, the data on vertebral compression and leukemic transformation may not be interpretable due to very small numbers. Based on the cu... |
CD002022 | [
"16118380",
"12167548",
"10809268",
"9373422",
"10529020",
"11341854",
"11386491",
"12850780",
"15899557"
] | [
"Anesthesia-assisted vs buprenorphine- or clonidine-assisted heroin detoxification and naltrexone induction: a randomized trial.",
"A comparison of antagonist-precipitated withdrawal under anesthesia to standard inpatient withdrawal as a precursor to maintenance naltrexone treatment in heroin users: outcomes at 6... | [
"Rapid opioid detoxification with opioid antagonist induction using general anesthesia has emerged as an expensive, potentially dangerous, unproven approach to treat opioid dependence.\n To determine how anesthesia-assisted detoxification with rapid antagonist induction for heroin dependence compared... | Heavy sedation compared to light sedation does not confer additional benefits in terms of less severe withdrawal or increased rates of commencement on naltrexone maintenance treatment. Given that the adverse events are potentially life-threatening, the value of antagonist-induced withdrawal under heavy sedation or anae... |
CD004024 | [
"12663712",
"17071931",
"16835746",
"9164190",
"8636768",
"15353542",
"12530021",
"12840088",
"9060555"
] | [
"Early autologous stem-cell transplantation versus conventional chemotherapy as front-line therapy in high-risk, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an Italian multicenter randomized trial.",
"Initial chemotherapy with mitoxantrone, chlorambucil, prednisone impairs the collection of stem cells in patients with ind... | [
"To evaluate the role of early intensification with high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) as front-line chemotherapy for patients with high-risk, histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).\n We planned a multicenter, randomized trial to compare a convent... | .Despite higher CR rates, there is no benefit for high-dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation as a first line treatment in patients with aggressive NHL. |
CD004257 | [
"12546607",
"8216413",
"8064733",
"9858441",
"11754710",
"2052056",
"11465710",
"15082468",
"14999359"
] | [
"Lack of efficacy of acetaminophen in treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison trial with diclofenac sodium.",
"Comparison of naproxen and acetaminophen in a two-year study of treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.",
"A randomized, double blind, place... | [
"Recommendations state that acetaminophen should be used in preference to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the initial treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee, because of lesser toxicity and the pervasive belief that acetaminophen is not only effective in treating OA pain but is of eq... | The evidence to date suggests that NSAIDs are superior to acetaminophen for improving knee and hip pain in people with OA. The size of the treatment effect was modest, and the median trial duration was only six weeks, therefore, additional considerations need to be factored in when making the decision between using ace... |
CD010038 | [
"19828063",
"7871143",
"9917436",
"9685472",
"18525061",
"10323634",
"1517726",
"8075732",
"7887759"
] | [
"Increasing the demand for childhood vaccination in developing countries: a systematic review.",
"School health nurse interventions to increase immunisation uptake in school entrants.",
"A randomized study of tracking with outreach and provider prompting to improve immunization coverage and primary care.",
"V... | [
"Attempts to maintain or increase vaccination coverage almost all focus on supply side interventions: improving availability and delivery of vaccines. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of efforts to increase demand is uncertain.\n We performed a systematic review of studies that provided quant... | The limited evidence available is low quality and suggests that face to face interventions to inform or educate parents about childhood vaccination have little to no impact on immunisation status, or knowledge or understanding of vaccination. There is insufficient evidence to comment on the cost of implementing the int... |
CD001097 | [
"10431992",
"8282745",
"10099140",
"12909492",
"7943585",
"11174790",
"11570939",
"534846",
"12891099"
] | [
"External femoral vein valvuloplasty with limited anterior plication (LAP): a 10-year randomized, follow-up study.",
"Femoral vein valve repair with limited anterior plication (LAP).",
"Comparison of endoscopic ligation and propranolol for the primary prevention of variceal bleeding.",
"Comparison of a levono... | [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects after 10 years of external valvuloplasty of the femoral vein (limited anterior plication or LAP). After informed consent patients with venous hypertension due to deep and superficial venous incompetence were randomized into two treatment groups. Both groups were tr... | These results indicate that ligation and valvuloplasty may have produced a moderate and sustained improvement for seven to ten years after surgery in patients with mild to moderate DVI caused by primary valvular incompetence. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the treatment to this subgroup of patient... |
CD006134 | [
"7705531",
"16850671",
"2226910",
"20149045",
"8392274",
"8005305",
"10992178",
"9848296",
"8671386"
] | [
"Expectant management of functional ovarian cysts: an alternative to hormonal therapy.",
"Comparison of low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive pills and expectant management in treatment of functional ovarian cysts.",
"Hormonal treatment of functional ovarian cysts: a randomized, prospective study.",
"Treatme... | [
"We studied whether the administration of oral contraceptives facilitates the disappearance of spontaneously formed functional ovarian cysts.\n Eighty patients in whom ultrasonography revealed unilateral, mobile, unilocular, thin-walled ovarian cysts without internal echoes and greater than 30 mm but... | Although widely used for treating functional ovarian cysts, combined oral contraceptives appear to be of no benefit. Watchful waiting for two or three cycles is appropriate. Should cysts persist, surgical management is often indicated. |
CD000081 | [
"15005784",
"20680312",
"19187377",
"16962532",
"6428627",
"3011061",
"18506347",
"16154062",
"2030849"
] | [
"Episiotomy and perineal tears presumed to be imminent: randomized controlled trial.",
"Continuous versus interrupted episiotomy repair with monofilament or multifilament absorbed suture materials: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Continuous versus interrupted sutures for repair of episiotomy or second-degree ... | [
"The indication of the restricted use of episiotomy at tears presumed to be imminent is not clear.\n Randomized controlled trial with two perineal management policies. Use of episiotomy: (a). only for fetal indications and (b). in addition at a tear presumed to be imminent. Participants: 146 primipar... | Restrictive episiotomy policies appear to have a number of benefits compared to policies based on routine episiotomy. There is less posterior perineal trauma, less suturing and fewer complications, no difference for most pain measures and severe vaginal or perineal trauma, but there was an increased risk of anterior pe... |
CD003242 | [
"9403477",
"15489085",
"19321846",
"17239798",
"10665553",
"10514159",
"8598866",
"7355429",
"8281698"
] | [
"A randomized trial of anticoagulants versus aspirin after cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial origin. The Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia Trial (SPIRIT) Study Group.",
"Comparative effects of antiplatelet, anticoagulant, or combined therapy in patients with valvular and nonvalvular atrial fibrillatio... | [
"Aspirin is only modestly effective in the secondary prevention after cerebral ischemia. Studies in other vascular disorders suggest that anticoagulant drugs in patients with cerebral ischemia of presumed arterial (noncardiac) origin might be more effective. The aim of the Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischemia T... | Anticoagulants offered no net advantages over antiplatelet agents in acute ischaemic stroke. The combination of low-dose UFH and aspirin appeared in a subgroup analysis to be associated with net benefits compared with aspirin alone, and this merits further research. |
CD003087 | [
"11423598",
"10817324",
"15116826",
"11417282",
"2327922",
"9091940",
"9085056",
"15330033",
"9521392"
] | [
"Intraoperative glove perforation--single versus double gloving in protection against skin contamination.",
"Incidence of glove perforations in gastrointestinal surgery and the protective effect of double gloves: a prospective, randomised controlled study.",
"Glove perforations in open and laparoscopic abdomina... | [
"Surgeons have the highest risk of contact with patients' blood and body fluids, and breaches in gloving material may expose operating room staff to risk of infections. This prospective randomised study was done to assess the effectiveness of the practice of double gloving compared with single gloving in decreasing... | There is no direct evidence that additional glove protection worn by the surgical team reduces surgical site infections in patients, however the review has insufficient power for this outcome.
The addition of a second pair of surgical gloves significantly reduces perforations to innermost gloves. Triple gloving, knitte... |
CD003187 | [
"1740677",
"18239086",
"11956263",
"15226332",
"9060525",
"15315964",
"21860000",
"7844608",
"2473363"
] | [
"Extended-field radiotherapy is superior to MOPP chemotherapy for the treatment of pathologic stage I-IIA Hodgkin's disease: eight-year update of an Italian prospective randomized study.",
"Prospective, multicenter randomized GITMO/IIL trial comparing intensive (R-HDS) versus conventional (CHOP-R) chemoimmunother... | [
"To compare the effectiveness of chemotherapy (CHT) with extended-field radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of early-stage Hodgkin's disease (ESHD), we report an 8-year updated analysis of a study in which treatment with six cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) CHT was randomly... | CRT seems to be optimal for most early stage (I-II) HD patients. For advanced stages (III to IV), CRT better prevents progression/relapse but CT alone seems to cause less SM.RT alone gives a higher overall SM risk than CRT due to increased need for salvage therapy. Reduced SM risk after IF-RT instead of EF-RT could not... |
CD003763 | [
"16462564",
"8636175",
"9783616",
"15590845",
"10748808",
"11886903",
"2179492",
"9274739",
"11954842"
] | [
"A randomized, controlled trial of distal radius fractures with metaphyseal displacement but without joint incongruity: closed reduction and casting versus closed reduction, spanning external fixation, and optional percutaneous K-wires.",
"Redisplaced unstable fractures of the distal radius: a prospective randomi... | [
"To compare closed reduction and casting with closed reduction and external fixation with optional K-wire fixation for distal radius fractures with metaphyseal displacement but without joint incongruity.\n Prospective study.\n Multicenter study at 3 University teaching hospitals.\n ... | There was insufficient evidence from comparisons tested within randomised controlled trials to establish the relative effectiveness of different methods of closed reduction used in the treatment of displaced fractures of the distal radius in adults. |
CD008411 | [
"8819554",
"17429911",
"22000905",
"8777660",
"17202604",
"11937721",
"11201419",
"7787595",
"15113632"
] | [
"Oral sweet solution reduces pain-related behaviour in preterm infants.",
"Oral glucose as an analgesic to reduce infant distress following immunization at the age of 3, 5 and 12 months.",
"A double-blind randomised controlled trial of 25% oral glucose for pain relief in 2-month old infants undergoing immunisat... | [
"To evaluate the effectiveness of oral sucrose in the prevention of pain-induced crying in preterm infants, a sample of 28 healthy neonates (15M, 13F; gestational age at procedure less than 37 weeks) who were having routine blood drawn by arm venipuncture was studied. Infants were randomly allocated to receive by m... | There is insufficient evidence to confidently judge the effectiveness of sweet-tasting solutions in reducing needle-related pain in infants (one month to 12 months of age). The treatments do, however, appear promising. Data from a series of individual trials are promising, as are the results from a subset meta-analysis... |
CD007026 | [
"15583955",
"16517764",
"2880214",
"16005902",
"2655184",
"18212034",
"12097849",
"782141",
"10591382"
] | [
"Neuroprotective treatment with cerebrolysin in patients with acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Double-blind randomised trial of intravenous glycerol in acute stroke.",
"Effects of fasudil in acute... | [
"Cerebrolysin is a compound with neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity. It is produced by enzymatic breakdown of purified brain proteins and consists of low molecular weight peptides and amino acids. Cellular and animal models of cerebral ischaemia have shown that it is a potent neuroprotective agent. We explor... | There is not enough evidence to evaluate the effect of cerebrolysin on survival and dependency in people with acute ischaemic stroke. High-quality and large-scale randomised controlled trials may help to gain a better understanding of the potential value of cerebrolysin in acute ischaemic stroke. |
CD004541 | [
"2179650",
"16330624",
"15596155",
"6822483",
"17657327",
"19918088",
"18498013",
"16816304",
"690583"
] | [
"Improving physicians' recognition and treatment of depression in general medical care. Results from a randomized clinical trial.",
"Systematic detection and multidisciplinary care of depression in older medical inpatients: a randomized trial.",
"Psychosocial interventions for somatizing patients by the general... | [
"A randomized clinical trial was performed to assess whether the results of a depression screening instrument, when provided to physicians, could influence their recognition and treatment of depression in a primary care setting. The intervention consisted of randomly informing or not informing physicians of the dep... | Firm conclusions on the efficacy of physical methods of treatment cannot be made as we identified only one small RCT that was of short duration. More larger and longer term RCTs are needed in this area. Current screening tools for depression are recognised to have poor specificity in the medically ill due to overlap of... |
CD006928 | [
"9857636",
"1718250",
"11024412",
"17219106",
"15522364",
"1693496",
"12149056",
"15522362",
"9143888"
] | [
"[Radiotherapy of exudative senile macular degeneration. A prospective controlled study].",
"Laser photocoagulation of subfoveal neovascular lesions in age-related macular degeneration. Results of a randomized clinical trial. Macular Photocoagulation Study Group.",
"Submacular surgery trials randomized pilot tr... | [
"Despite the successful therapy of subretinal neovascular membranes by laserphotocoagulation there are many problems to be overcome. In the case of subfoveolar neovascularization, photocoagulation leads to a sudden decrease in visual acuity. Recently radiotherapy is considered as an alternative. Complications and e... | There is insufficient evidence from randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of macular translocation, which is also not free of important risks. Furthermore, this technique is difficult to perform and a long surgical training is required. Future studies might include patients with small neovascular lesions th... |
CD001899 | [
"12001325",
"9682649",
"7827744",
"18432125",
"11851661",
"1390143",
"14681639",
"10711472",
"8134442"
] | [
"Intermittent pneumatic compression as an adjuvant therapy in venous ulcer disease.",
"A prospective randomised trial of four-layer versus short stretch compression bandages for the treatment of venous leg ulcers.",
"Intermittent pneumatic compression improves venous ulcer healing.",
"[The impact of the sonot... | [
"Despite improvements in healing rates venous ulcer disease still carries significant morbidity and cost. Any therapy that further improves healing rates is worthy of consideration. The recognised effects of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on both arterial and venous circulation suggest that its use may co... | IPC may increase healing compared with no compression, but it is not clear whether it increases healing when added to treatment with bandages, or if it can be used instead of compression bandages. Rapid IPC was better than slow IPC in one trial. Further trials are required to determine whether IPC increases the healing... |
CD004843 | [
"1762973",
"9879163",
"17037953",
"14651700",
"16699359",
"15382598",
"1735869",
"16567885",
"12836149"
] | [
"The therapeutic use of music for cancer-related pain.",
"Music does not reduce alfentanil requirement during patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) use in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal stones.",
"Use of preferred music to reduce emotional distress and symptom activity during radiation therapy.",
... | [
"The purpose of this experimental crossover study was to evaluate to what extent the therapeutic use of music would decrease pain in patients with cancer who were receiving scheduled analgesics. Baseline data were collected for three days. Subjects then were assigned randomly to listen to their preference of seven ... | Listening to music reduces pain intensity levels and opioid requirements, but the magnitude of these benefits is small and, therefore, its clinical importance unclear. |
CD008516 | [
"18046717",
"20683847",
"16890599",
"16618403",
"16856621",
"15282352",
"17381714",
"18549463",
"18069698"
] | [
"Treatment extension to 72 weeks of peginterferon and ribavirin in hepatitis c genotype 1-infected slow responders.",
"Randomized trial of peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for 48 or 72 weeks in patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and slow virologic response.",
"Peginterferon-alfa2a plus ribavirin for ... | [
"In hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection, the duration of interferon-based therapy is a critical determinant in achieving sustained virologic response (SVR). Slow or late responders to peginterferon and ribavirin may benefit from an extended treatment course. We sought to determine if therapy extension coul... | This review demonstrates higher a proportion of sustained virological response after extension of treatment from 48 weeks to 72 weeks in HCV genotype 1 infected patients in whom HCV RNA was still detectable but decreased by ≥ 2 log after 12 weeks and became negative after 24 weeks of treatment, and in patients with det... |
CD006632 | [
"11057994",
"10918757",
"8248962",
"11061767",
"15357262",
"10026684",
"12847356",
"12161876",
"12928729"
] | [
"Cerebrovascular accident clinical pathway.",
"The development of a stroke clinical pathway: an experience in a medium-sized community hospital.",
"A model for management of patients with stroke during the acute phase. Outcome and economic implications.",
"Effectiveness of a clinical pathway for inpatient ast... | [
"The cerebrovascular accident (CVA) clinical pathway project was selected to complement the work already underway within the West Moreton Health Services District such as the development of a continuum of care model, revision of work practices to complement the new hospital redevelopment and encouraging team and ev... | Clinical pathways are associated with reduced in-hospital complications and improved documentation without negatively impacting on length of stay and hospital costs. |
CD007309 | [
"9849452",
"15454647",
"2833577",
"2465815",
"10655439",
"8117604",
"20619634",
"3683485",
"1649267"
] | [
"Quality of life and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving supportive care plus chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide or supportive care only. A multicentre randomised phase III trial. Joint Lung Cancer Study Group.",
"Chemotherapy versus supportive care in advanced non-sma... | [
"The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy on the quality of life and survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (stage IIIB or IV). In a controlled multicentre trial, patients were randomised to receive supportive care only or supportive care plus chemother... | All trials were of good methodological quality with no risk of bias. This meta-analysis of chemotherapy in the supportive care setting demonstrates that chemotherapy improves overall survival in all patients with advanced NSCLC. Patients who are fit enough and wish to receive it should be offered chemotherapy. |
CD002290 | [
"8159300",
"958261",
"2248508",
"18481113",
"16047223",
"7035953",
"12776266",
"9513907",
"18566839"
] | [
"Cyclosporin versus cyclophosphamide for patients with steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a multicentre randomized controlled trial.",
"Chlorambucil treatment of frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome.",
"Eight and 12 week courses of cyclophosphamide in nephrotic syndrome... | [
"To compare the efficacy (maintenance of remission), safety and tolerability of cyclosporin (CsA) with those of cyclophosphamide in patients with steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (NS).\n Open, prospective, randomized, multicentre, controlled study for parallel groups, stra... | Eight week courses of cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil and prolonged courses of cyclosporin and levamisole reduce the risk of relapse in children with relapsing SSNS compared with corticosteroids alone. Clinically important differences in efficacy are possible and further comparative studies are still needed. |
CD006654 | [
"16449469",
"17651705",
"17728106",
"16585434",
"12893670",
"16818861",
"14971863",
"12900300",
"16754835"
] | [
"Why olanzapine beats risperidone, risperidone beats quetiapine, and quetiapine beats olanzapine: an exploratory analysis of head-to-head comparison studies of second-generation antipsychotics.",
"Clozapine and \"high-dose\" olanzapine in refractory early-onset schizophrenia: a 12-week randomized and double-blind... | [
"In many parts of the world, second-generation antipsychotics have largely replaced typical antipsychotics as the treatment of choice for schizophrenia. Consequently, trials comparing two drugs of this class--so-called head-to-head studies--are gaining in relevance. The authors reviewed results of head-to-head stud... | Olanzapine may be a somewhat more efficacious drug than some other second generation antipsychotic drugs. This small superiority in efficacy needs to be weighed against a larger weight gain and associated metabolic problems than most other second generation antipsychotic drugs, except clozapine. These conclusions are t... |
CD005148 | [
"16507343",
"15705006",
"14562491",
"12000209",
"22297311",
"15943650",
"15863798",
"16062095",
"10665619"
] | [
"A cognitive/behavioral group intervention for weight loss in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics.",
"Effects of behavioral therapy on weight loss in overweight and obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.",
"The effects of an educational intervention on antipsychotic-induced wei... | [
"Obesity and diabetes have caused problems for individuals with schizophrenia long before atypical antipsychotic agents. The prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and the Metabolic Syndrome has increased in people with schizophrenia as compare... | Modest weight loss can be achieved with selective pharmacological and non pharmacological interventions. However, interpretation is limited by the small number of studies, small sample size, short study duration and by variability of the interventions themselves, their intensity and duration. Future studies adequately ... |
CD002304 | [
"14643092",
"16754835",
"11481167",
"3046553",
"9131723",
"12893670",
"17194269",
"16585434",
"6813888"
] | [
"Lamotrigine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial.",
"Atypical antipsychotic agents in the treatment of violent patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.",
"A double-blind comparative study of clozapine and risperidone in the management of severe ... | [
"There is no evidence from randomized, controlled trials that demonstrate effectiveness for any pharmacological treatment in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Since the introduction of chlorpromazine, all antipsychotics with proven efficacy on positive symptoms have been dopamine antagonists, but recent experiment... | We found no evidence to support the use of clotiapine in preference to other 'standard' or 'non-standard' treatments for management of people with acute psychotic illness. All trials in this review have important methodological problems. We do not wish to discourage clinicians from using clotiapine in the psychiatric e... |
CD005619 | [
"8241852",
"15220883",
"9237315",
"14521290",
"16766370",
"19168537",
"15122134",
"2590331",
"17088752"
] | [
"Arthroscopic surgery compared with supervised exercises in patients with rotator cuff disease (stage II impingement syndrome)",
"Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with and without arthroscopic subacromial decompression: a prospective, randomized study of one-year outcomes.",
"Open versus arthroscopic subacromia... | [
"To compare the effectiveness of arthroscopic surgery, a supervised exercise regimen, and placebo soft laser treatment in patients with rotator cuff disease (stage II impingement syndrome).\n Randomised clinical trial.\n Hospital departments of orthopaedics and of physical medicine and... | Based upon our review of 14 trials examining heterogeneous interventions and all susceptible to bias, we cannot draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness or safety of surgery for rotator cuff disease. There is "Silver" (www.cochranemsk.org) level evidence from three trials that there are no significant differences ... |
CD003563 | [
"10629456",
"16569189",
"22054336",
"17603828",
"9142578",
"19650848",
"15480327",
"17035145",
"16374022"
] | [
"Mechanical ventilation and high-efficiency vacuum cleaning: A combined strategy of mite and mite allergen reduction in the control of mite-sensitive asthma.",
"Use of an 'evidence-based implementation' strategy to implement evidence-based care of asthma into rural district hospital emergency departments.",
"En... | [
"The relationship between exposure to house dust mite (HDM) allergens and prevalence of sensitization to these allergens in patients with asthma has been confirmed in many studies. Mite population growth is regulated by humidity. Reducing humidity and removing allergen by efficient vacuuming should control mite all... | Evidence on clinical benefits of dehumidification using mechanical ventilation with dehumidifiers remains scanty, and the addition of a new double blind trial to this review does not indicate significant benefit in most measure of control of asthma from such environmental interventions. |
CD005062 | [
"10356376",
"20804366",
"6355069",
"3516668",
"17036474",
"8764816",
"8232703",
"8504794",
"11087790"
] | [
"The effect of acupuncture in chronic intractable epilepsy.",
"Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in autism spectrum disorder.",
"Carbamazepine as adjunctive treatment in nonepileptic chronic inpatients with EEG temporal lobe abnormalities.",
"Cognitive-behavior therapy with ad... | [
"We examined the effect of acupuncture on epileptic seizures in humans in a controlled clinical setting. Treatment was administered by two Chinese professors of acupuncture. Effect was measured by change in seizure frequency. Twenty-nine patients with chronic intractable epilepsy completed the study. They were rand... | The current evidence does not support acupuncture for treating epilepsy. |
CD000390 | [
"11246096",
"18086500",
"8254063",
"16980806",
"8822241",
"15715034",
"16925535",
"11517200",
"9236642"
] | [
"Infant massage improves mother-infant interaction for mothers with postnatal depression.",
"Postnatal depression and mother and infant outcomes after infant massage.",
"Massage effects on cocaine-exposed preterm neonates.",
"Impact of massage therapy on health outcomes among orphaned infants in Ecuador: resu... | [
"Postnatal depression can have long term adverse consequences for the mother-infant relationship and the infant's development. Improving a mother's depression per se has been found to have little impact on mother-infant interaction. The aims of this study were to determine whether attending regular massage classes ... | Evidence that massage for preterm infants is of benefit for developmental outcomes is weak and does not warrant wider use of preterm infant massage. Where massage is currently provided by nurses, consideration should be given as to whether this is a cost-effective use of time. Future research should assess the effects ... |
CD005038 | [
"11246096",
"18086500",
"16980806",
"15715034",
"18304848",
"16925535",
"8254063",
"11895532",
"12476070"
] | [
"Infant massage improves mother-infant interaction for mothers with postnatal depression.",
"Postnatal depression and mother and infant outcomes after infant massage.",
"Impact of massage therapy on health outcomes among orphaned infants in Ecuador: results of a randomized clinical trial.",
"Massage therapy e... | [
"Postnatal depression can have long term adverse consequences for the mother-infant relationship and the infant's development. Improving a mother's depression per se has been found to have little impact on mother-infant interaction. The aims of this study were to determine whether attending regular massage classes ... | These findings do not currently support the use of infant massage with low-risk groups of parents and infants. Available evidence is of poor quality, and many studies do not address the biological plausibility of the outcomes being measured, or the mechanisms by which change might be achieved. Future research should fo... |
CD004400 | [
"15235901",
"10950800",
"10425883",
"3523457",
"20375190",
"17008536",
"7691114",
"1613673",
"3895175"
] | [
"A prospective randomised evaluation of G-CSF or G-CSF plus oral antibiotics in chemotherapy-treated patients at high risk of developing febrile neutropenia.",
"A randomized controlled trial of filgrastim for the treatment of hospitalized patients with multilobar pneumonia.",
"[Klebsiella pneumoniae glycoprotei... | [
"Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major dose-limiting complication among patients treated with chemotherapy. Haematopoietic colony stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF) made possible a significant improvement in the management of FN, both in the therapeutic and in the prophylactic approach. The use of antibiotic... | There is no current evidence supporting the routine use of G-CSF in the treatment of pneumonia. Studies in which G-CSF is administered prophylactically or earlier in therapy may be of interest. |
CD005490 | [
"10768435",
"12801736",
"7038483",
"7051826",
"8166152",
"8989178",
"8409069",
"3528404",
"8203838"
] | [
"Anti-digoxin Fab fragments in cardiotoxicity induced by ingestion of yellow oleander: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Multiple-dose activated charcoal for treatment of yellow oleander poisoning: a single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Heart failure in outpatients: a randomized trial of digox... | [
"Severe cardiac glycoside cardiotoxicity after ingestion of yellow oleander seeds is an important problem in rural areas of Sri Lanka. Currently, patients must be transferred to the capital for temporary cardiac pacing. We did a randomised controlled trial to investigate whether anti-digoxin Fab could reverse serio... | There is some evidence to suggest that MDAC and anti-digoxin Fab antitoxin may be effective treatments for yellow oleander poisoning. However, the efficacy and indications of these interventions for the treatment of acute digitalis poisoning is uncertain due to the lack of good quality controlled clinical trials. Given... |
CD004485 | [
"9294350",
"21677099",
"17545300",
"10926433",
"8921659",
"15947223",
"2650531",
"9386336",
"9046395"
] | [
"A 12-month clinical comparison of resin-modified light-activated adhesives for the cementation of orthodontic molar bands.",
"Banding versus bonding of first permanent molars: a multi-centre randomized controlled trial.",
"Bonded versus banded first molar attachments: a randomized controlled clinical trial.",
... | [
"A clinical trial is reported on the retention rates of resin-modified light-activated adhesives for the cementation of orthodontic molar bands. Fifty consecutive cases were fully banded and monitored over 12 months. Fuji II LC (GC International) recorded a failure rate of 2.9%, Bandlok (Reliance Orthodontic Produc... | There is insufficient high quality evidence with regard to the most effective adhesive for attaching orthodontic bands to molar teeth. Further RCTs are required. |
CD009243 | [
"21880029",
"17903230",
"1606094",
"8238130",
"19644697",
"21495198",
"10901564",
"7501332",
"9642605"
] | [
"Use of an antispasmodic (rociverine) to shorten the length of labor: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.",
"The effect of hyoscine butylbromide on the first stage of labour in term pregnancies.",
"The antiemetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective cesarean delivery during spinal... | [
"To determine the effectiveness of rociverine, an antispasmodic drug, for reducing the duration of labor among nulliparous women managed according to a standard intrapartum protocol.\n Randomized controlled trial.\n An academic tertiary care hospital.\n Nulliparae in spo... | There is low quality evidence that antispasmodics reduce the duration of first stage of labour and increase the cervical dilatation rate. There is very low quality evidence that antispasmodics reduce the total duration of labour. There is moderate quality evidence that antispasmodics do not affect the rate of normal ve... |
CD007455 | [
"18047458",
"16180595",
"17132119",
"15954049",
"16813473",
"12952517",
"17143593",
"7568388",
"15706548"
] | [
"Four weeks of daily stretch has little or no effect on wrist contracture after stroke: a randomised controlled trial.",
"A pilot randomized controlled trial of a daily muscle stretch regime to prevent contractures in the arm after stroke.",
"Twelve weeks of nightly stretch does not reduce thumb web-space contr... | [
"In adults undergoing rehabilitation after stroke, does 30 minutes of daily stretch of the wrist and finger flexors for four weeks prevent or reverse contracture, decrease pain, or improve upper-limb activity? Are any gains maintained one week and five weeks after the cessation of stretching?\n Rando... | Stretch does not have clinically important effects on joint mobility in people with, or at risk of, contractures if performed for less than seven months. The effects of stretch performed for periods longer than seven months have not been investigated. |
CD003393 | [
"17071427",
"11883349",
"780062",
"17028904",
"9184950",
"9307536",
"15036709",
"7956549",
"11561740"
] | [
"Induction of labour at term with vaginal prostaglandins preparations: a randomised controlled trial of Prostin vs Propess.",
"A randomized trial of vaginal prostaglandin E2 for induction of labor. Insert vs. tablet.",
"A randomised controlled trial of an oral solution of prostaglandin E2 and oral oxytocin used... | [
"The purpose of the trial was to determine whether a sustained release preparation of prostaglandin E2 (Propess) is better in inducing labour when compared with the more widely used short-acting (instant-release) preparation (Prostin). A randomised controlled clinical trial involving 100 pregnant women at term with... | There were insufficient data to quantify the safety and effectiveness of oestrogen as an induction agent; they should only be used as part of randomised control trials as there are alternative effective options for inducting labour. |
CD001537 | [
"8315953",
"8142205",
"18481113",
"879831",
"3046332",
"15015070",
"8015643",
"8159300",
"7035953"
] | [
"A randomized trial of cyclosporine in steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.",
"Intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide--a new regime for steroid-resistant minimal change nephrotic syndrome.",
"Cyclosporin A is superior to cyclophosphamide in children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome-a randomized... | [
"To compare the efficacy (induction of remission) and safety of cyclosporine (CsA) with those of supportive therapy in patients with steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), we organized an open, prospective, randomized, multicentric, controlled study for parallel groups, stratified for adults and chi... | Further comparative studies are required to examine the efficacy of immunosuppressive agents for achievement of sustained remission of nephrotic syndrome caused by minimal change disease. Studies are also needed to evaluate treatments for adults with steroid-dependent or relapsing disease. |
CD002768 | [
"11836799",
"15563708",
"15078738",
"15302725",
"10700685",
"7149451",
"11908576",
"2116678",
"8275737"
] | [
"Randomized controlled study of in-hospital exercise training programs in children with cystic fibrosis.",
"Individualised unsupervised exercise training in adults with cystic fibrosis: a 1 year randomised controlled trial.",
"Effects of anaerobic training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controll... | [
"The aim of this study was to compare aerobic and resistance training in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) admitted to hospital with an intercurrent pulmonary infection with a control group. The subjects were randomized into three groups on the first day of admission. The fat-free mass (FFM) was calculated, using ... | Conclusions about the efficacy of physical training in cystic fibrosis are limited by the small size, short duration and incomplete reporting of most of the studies included in this review. Physical training is already part of the care package offered to most people with cystic fibrosis and there is a lack of evidence ... |
CD006221 | [
"18482290",
"16974191",
"9802132",
"17050889",
"20410089",
"11487742",
"15529389",
"16373258",
"10566625"
] | [
"Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation on cognitive function and quality of life: the DHEA and Well-Ness (DAWN) Trial.",
"Improvement of sustained attention and visual and movement skills, but not clinical symptoms, after dehydroepiandrosterone augmentation in schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind... | [
"To examine the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on cognitive function and quality of life in healthy older adults.\n Double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial.\n Clinical research facility.\n One hundred ten men and 115 women aged 55 to... | What little evidence there is from controlled trials does not support a beneficial effect of DHEA supplementation on cognitive function of non-demented middle-aged or elderly people. There is inconsistent evidence from the controlled trials about adverse effects of DHEA.
In view of growing public enthusiasm for DHEA su... |
CD006405 | [
"16837929",
"10867849",
"11433048",
"7796237",
"16724119",
"8120721",
"11335736",
"10545551",
"2651597"
] | [
"Nasal continuous positive airway pressure from high flow cannula versus Infant Flow for Preterm infants.",
"Elective use of nasal continuous positive airways pressure following extubation of preterm infants.",
"A prospective randomized, controlled trial comparing synchronized nasal intermittent positive pressu... | [
"To compare the feasibility of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support generated by high flow nasal cannula with conventional CPAP for prevention of reintubation among preterm infants with a birth weight of <or=1,250 g.\n Preterm infants were randomized to CPAP generated via high flow cann... | There is insufficient evidence to establish the safety or effectiveness of HFNC as a form of respiratory support in preterm infants. When used following extubation, HFNC may be associated with a higher rate of reintubation than nasal CPAP. Further adequately powered randomised controlled trials should be undertaken in ... |
CD003119 | [
"2071888",
"18674411",
"20200346",
"8156961",
"9521250",
"15883262",
"1944900",
"8463521",
"2178869"
] | [
"Efficacy and tolerance of vinpocetine in ambulant patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes.",
"Efficacy, safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in patients with probable vascular dementia: the VantagE study.",
"Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in mild to moderate Al... | [
"The efficacy and tolerance of orally administered vinpocetine was investigated in patients suffering from mild to moderate organic psychosyndromes including primary dementia. Two hundred and three patients were included in a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blind, multicentre trial and received every day for ... | Although the basic science is interesting, the evidence for beneficial effect of vinpocetine on patients with dementia is inconclusive and does not support clinical use. The drug seems to have few adverse effects at the doses used in the studies. Large studies evaluating the use of vinpocetine for people suffering from... |
CD007569 | [
"17438710",
"11841126",
"19107130",
"15774341",
"17522511",
"16967054",
"11689579",
"19091806",
"16462503"
] | [
"Factors associated with return to work after breast cancer treatment.",
"Lessons learned: Outcomes and methodology of a coping skills intervention trial comparing individual and group formats for patients with cancer.",
"Development and pilot evaluation of a complex intervention to improve experienced continui... | [
"Relatively few studies have addressed problems regarding return to work after primary treatment for early-stage breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether socio-economic and treatment-related factors were associated with problems of returning to work among pre-menopausal women included in ... | Moderate quality evidence showed that employed patients with cancer experience return-to-work benefits from multidisciplinary interventions compared to care as usual. More high quality RCTs aimed at enhancing return-to-work in cancer patients are needed. |
CD001890 | [
"9428449",
"2557481",
"8808110",
"15717632",
"9568857",
"11879247",
"6783809",
"16736432",
"11522879"
] | [
"Correction of metabolic acidosis and its effect on albumin in chronic hemodialysis patients.",
"Optimal correction of acidosis changes progression of dialysis osteodystrophy.",
"A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of cyclosporine in steroid-resistant idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis... | [
"Serum albumin concentration has been strongly associated with risk of death in hemodialysis patients, with mortality increasing as albumin decreases. Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein catabolism and decreases protein synthesis. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of increasing predialysis serum bi... | The evidence for the benefits and risks of correcting metabolic acidosis is very limited with no RCTs in pre-ESRD patients, none in children, and only three small trials in dialysis patients. These trials suggest there may be some beneficial effects on both protein and bone metabolism but the trials were underpowered t... |
CD003825 | [
"16647628",
"2892881",
"12435255",
"1586398",
"1599343",
"12709466",
"9250456",
"12875478",
"19225038"
] | [
"Pharmaceutical care program for patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Report of a double-blind clinical trial with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.",
"Beta-blockers versus diuretics in hypertensive men: main results from the HAPPHY trial.",
"Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug c... | [
"Pharmaceutical care programs may be an option to improve blood pressure (BP) control in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of pharmaceutical care programs in treating patients with resistant hypertension.\n In a double-blind randomized clinica... | Based on the limited number of published RCTs, the systolic/diastolic blood pressure lowering effect of loop diuretics is modest (-8/-4 mmHg) and is likely an overestimate due to the high risk of bias in the included studies. There are no clinically meaningful BP lowering differences between different drugs within the ... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.