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He was the only journalist present at the Trinity test in July 1945, and beforehand prepared statements to be delivered in case the test ended in a disaster which killed those involved.
As part of his work related to the Project, he also interviewed the airmen who flew on the mission to drop the atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima, Japan.
Laurence himself flew aboard the B-29 "The Great Artiste", which served as a blast instrumentation aircraft, for the atomic bombing of Nagasaki.
He visited the test Able site at Bikini Atoll aboard the press ship "Appalachian", for the bomb test on July 1, 1946.
US military encouraged the journalist William L. Laurence of The New York Times to write articles dismissing the reports of radiation sickness as part of Japanese efforts to undermine American morale.
Laurence, who was also being paid by the US War Department, wrote the articles the US military wanted even though he was aware of the effects of radiation after observing the first atomic bomb test on July 16, 1945, and its effect on local residents and livestock.
For his 1945 coverage of the atomic bomb, beginning with the eyewitness account from Nagasaki, he won a second Pulitzer Prize for Reporting in 1946.
At the office of the "Times" he was thereafter referred to as "Atomic Bill", to differentiate him from William H. Lawrence, a political reporter at the newspaper.
In his autobiography, Richard Feynman, who initially showed Laurence around the Los Alamos site, mentioned Laurence standing next to him during the Trinity test.
Feynman stated, "I had been the one who was supposed to have taken him around.
Then it was found that it was too technical for him, and so later H.D. Smyth came and I showed him around."
Nuclear historian Alex Wellerstein has called Laurence "part huckster, part journalist, all wild card ... improbable in every way, a real-life character with more strangeness than would seem tolerable in pure fiction."
In 1946, he published an account of the Trinity test as "Dawn Over Zero", which went through at least two revisions.
He continued to work at the "Times" through the 1940s and into the 1950s, and published a book on defense against nuclear war in 1950.
In 1951, his book "The Hell Bomb" warned about the use of a cobalt bomb – a form of hydrogen bomb (still an untested device at the time he wrote it) engineered to produce a maximum amount of nuclear fallout.
In 1956, he was present at the testing of a hydrogen bomb at the Pacific Proving Grounds.
That same year, he was appointed science editor of the "Times", succeeding Waldemar Kaempffert.
He served in this capacity until he retired in 1964.
He received honorary doctorates from Boston University (Sc.D., 1946), the Stevens Institute of Technology (Sc.D., 1951), Grinnell College (D.H.L., 1951) and Yeshiva University (D.H.L., 1957).
Laurence is one of the first commentators to have compared the atomic bomb to a monster, which helped to create a cultural trope that may have influenced such films as "The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms" and "Godzilla": "It kept struggling in an elemental fury, like a creature in act of breaking the bonds that held it down...
Criticisms.
In 2021, the historian Alex Wellerstein asserted that Laurence was "willingly complicit in the government’s propaganda project", referring to Laurence's collaboration with the United States Department of War to produce articles on the atomic bomb, its production and effects.
Laurence died in 1977 in Majorca, Spain, of complications from a blood clot in his brain.
San Ramón may refer to:
Holly Ross is a musician from Lancaster, England best known as guitarist and lead vocalist of bands Angelica (1994-2003) and The Lovely Eggs (2006–present).
Her singing has been described as "soft as butter Lancastrian tones."
Hércules de Brito Ruas, (born 9 August 1939 in Rio de Janeiro), known as Brito, is a former Brazilian footballer.
He played as a central defender for several clubs, and for the Brazil national team.
In 1975, he played abroad in the National Soccer League with Montreal Castors.
National team.
Brito has 45 caps with the Brazil national team between 1964 and 1972.
He won the 1970 FIFA World Cup with the Brazil national team.
He also played the 1966 FIFA World Cup (one game against Portugal).
Honours.
International.
Jacksonville College is a private junior college in Jacksonville, Texas.
It is the only accredited junior college in Texas that is privately owned and operated, owned by the Baptist Missionary Association of America, with additional financial support provided by Southern Baptists of Texas, the conservative state convention affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention.
The college's current president is Dr. David Erickson, who has served in that capacity since 2023.
The college is known for its singing groups - a main choir, a smaller group called The Singers, a women's trio, and a men's quartet.
Jacksonville College, the oldest junior college in the state of Texas, opened in 1899 and has operated continuously since that time, though before 1918 it operated as a four-year institution.
The college believes in the importance of each student making a personal commitment to Christianity, make behavioral changes in Christian applications to 21st century personal, family, community, and global issues, endorse lifelong Christian learning for their vocation, and broaden Biblical literacy.
In mathematics, a Bézout domain is a form of a Prüfer domain.
It is an integral domain in which the sum of two principal ideals is again a principal ideal.
This means that for every pair of elements a Bézout identity holds, and that every finitely generated ideal is principal.
Any principal ideal domain (PID) is a Bézout domain, but a Bézout domain need not be a Noetherian ring, so it could have non-finitely generated ideals (which obviously excludes being a PID); if so, it is not a unique factorization domain (UFD), but still is a GCD domain.
The theory of Bézout domains retains many of the properties of PIDs, without requiring the Noetherian property.
Bézout domains are named after the French mathematician Étienne Bézout.
Properties.
A ring is a Bézout domain if and only if it is an integral domain in which any two elements have a greatest common divisor that is a linear combination of them: this is equivalent to the statement that an ideal which is generated by two elements is also generated by a single element, and induction demonstrates that all...
The expression of the greatest common divisor of two elements of a PID as a linear combination is often called Bézout's identity, whence the terminology.
Note that the above gcd condition is stronger than the mere existence of a gcd.
An integral domain where a gcd exists for any two elements is called a GCD domain and thus Bézout domains are GCD domains.
In particular, in a Bézout domain, irreducibles are prime (but as the algebraic integer example shows, they need not exist).
For a Bézout domain "R", the following conditions are all equivalent: The equivalence of (1) and (2) was noted above.
Since a Bézout domain is a GCD domain, it follows immediately that (3), (4) and (5) are equivalent.
Finally, if "R" is not Noetherian, then there exists an infinite ascending chain of finitely generated ideals, so in a Bézout domain an infinite ascending chain of principal ideals.
(4) and (2) are thus equivalent.
A Bézout domain is a Prüfer domain, i.e., a domain in which each finitely generated ideal is invertible, or said another way, a commutative semihereditary domain.)
Consequently, one may view the equivalence "Bézout domain iff Prüfer domain and GCD-domain" as analogous to the more familiar "PID iff Dedekind domain and UFD".
Prüfer domains can be characterized as integral domains whose localizations at all prime (equivalently, at all maximal) ideals are valuation domains.
So the localization of a Bézout domain at a prime ideal is a valuation domain.
Since an invertible ideal in a local ring is principal, a local ring is a Bézout domain iff it is a valuation domain.
Moreover, a valuation domain with noncyclic (equivalently non-discrete) value group is not Noetherian, and every totally ordered abelian group is the value group of some valuation domain.
This gives many examples of non-Noetherian Bézout domains.
In noncommutative algebra, right Bézout domains are domains whose finitely generated right ideals are principal right ideals, that is, of the form "xR" for some "x" in "R".
One notable result is that a right Bézout domain is a right Ore domain.
This fact is not interesting in the commutative case, since "every" commutative domain is an Ore domain.
Right Bézout domains are also right semihereditary rings.
Modules over a Bézout domain.
Some facts about modules over a PID extend to modules over a Bézout domain.
Let "R" be a Bézout domain and "M" finitely generated module over "R".
Then "M" is flat if and only if it is torsion-free.
Erich Knauf (21 February 1895 – 2 May 1944) was a German journalist, writer, and songwriter.
He was executed for making jokes about the Nazi regime.
Biography.
Knauf was born in Meerane, Saxony, the son of a tailor and party secretary of the Social Democratic Party.
The family later moved to Gera, where he learned the typesetting trade.
After the First World War, Knauf went to university, studying history, political economy and culture.
He was a close friend of Erich Kästner and Erich Ohser (pen name, "e. o. plauen") and together, they became known as "the three Erichs from Saxony".
An erotic poem by Kästner, with a frivolous illustration by Ohser, became a scandal, forcing all three to leave Saxony, whereupon Knauf moved to Berlin.
Knauf was a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party, an editor of the newspaper, "Plauener Volkszeitung".
In Berlin, Knauf began directing the "Büchergilde Gutenberg" (Gutenberg Book Guild) in 1928.
In 1930, Knauf published a semi-autobiographical novel, "Ça ira" ("It will" in French) about his experiences during the Kapp Putsch of the Weimar republic.
After the Nazi Party seized power in 1933, the guild became "nazified" and Knauf quit in disgust, taking his secretary, Erna Donath with him.
Knauf and Donath then got married.
In 1934, he wrote a critical review of "Carmen" at the German state opera, angering Ministerpräsident Hermann Göring, who was a patron of the opera house.
Göring had Knauf arrested by the Gestapo.
He spent three months in protective custody in Sachsenhausen concentration camp and was expelled from all professional associations, as had Kästner and Ohser previously experienced.
After his release, he became the chief publicist for the film company, Tobis Rota.
In order to get by, he had to adapt to working with people such as Veit Harlan, who produced the anti-semitic film, Jud Süß, but he also got to know Werner Bochmann, a successful film music composer who also came from Meerane.
Knauf and Bochmann teamed up to write the song, "Heimat, Deine Sterne" ("Homeland, your stars"), for the film "Quax, der Bruchpilot" ("Quax, the crash pilot") starring Heinz Rühmann.
Other work followed.
Arrest and execution for making criminal jokes.
In 1943, Knauf lost his home in a bombing raid.
He and Ohser moved to Kaulsdorf, where they still had to endure many hours in bomb shelters, waiting out bombing raids.
Ohser, who was hard of hearing and spoke loudly, and Knauf complained about the war and passed the time making wisecracks about Adolf Hitler and Göring.
A neighbor, who was a Nazi Hauptmann, Bruno Schultz and his wife Margarete, listened to every word.
Schultz made no comment, but afterward, wrote everything down.
The Schultzes then denounced Knauf and Ohser to the Gestapo with this as evidence.
Knauf was arrested on 28 March 1944.