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id
int64
facility_level
string
location
string
internet_available
int64
power_reliable
int64
smartphone_available
int64
ai_tool_available
int64
cdss_available
int64
ai_domain
string
ai_type
string
deployment_mode
string
open_source
int64
regulatory_approved
int64
validated_local_population
int64
ai_used_this_encounter
int64
recommendation_generated
int64
recommendation_followed
int64
recommendation_overridden
int64
override_reason
string
diagnostic_accuracy_improved
int64
time_saved_minutes
int64
patient_outcome_improved
int64
false_positive
int64
false_negative
int64
provider_trust_ai
int64
training_received
int64
ease_of_use_score
int64
barrier_infrastructure
int64
barrier_trust
int64
barrier_training
int64
barrier_regulation
int64
barrier_data_quality
int64
barrier_cost
int64
barrier_bias_concern
int64
year
int64
1
clinic
peri_urban
0
0
1
0
0
malaria_microscopy
image_recognition
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,023
2
district
remote
0
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
rule_based
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
6
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
2,023
3
health_centre
peri_urban
0
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
image_recognition
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,022
4
clinic
rural
0
0
1
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
predictive_model
hybrid
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,020
5
tertiary
urban
0
1
1
0
0
maternal_risk
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2,023
6
health_centre
peri_urban
1
1
0
0
0
dermatology
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
2,022
7
district
urban
1
0
1
0
0
dermatology
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,021
8
health_centre
peri_urban
1
0
0
0
0
tb_xray_screening
rule_based
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
2,023
9
district
remote
0
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
predictive_model
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
2,023
10
district
remote
0
1
0
0
0
drug_interaction
hybrid
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
2,022
11
health_centre
rural
0
0
0
0
0
tb_xray_screening
hybrid
edge_device
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
2,020
12
district
remote
0
0
0
0
0
tb_xray_screening
image_recognition
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,021
13
district
rural
0
1
1
0
0
ecg_interpretation
nlp
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2,023
14
district
peri_urban
0
0
0
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2,023
15
clinic
rural
0
1
0
0
0
triage_severity
nlp
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
7
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
2,021
16
community
remote
0
0
0
0
0
ecg_interpretation
predictive_model
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
2,020
17
community
remote
0
0
0
0
0
drug_interaction
image_recognition
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,020
18
regional
urban
1
1
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
rule_based
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
19
health_centre
peri_urban
0
0
0
0
0
maternal_risk
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,020
20
community
remote
0
0
1
0
0
maternal_risk
image_recognition
hybrid
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
2,022
21
clinic
urban
0
1
0
0
0
maternal_risk
rule_based
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
2,023
22
community
rural
1
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
image_recognition
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
2,022
23
community
urban
0
1
1
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
nlp
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,021
24
health_centre
rural
0
0
0
0
0
drug_interaction
predictive_model
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,022
25
regional
urban
0
1
1
0
0
dermatology
rule_based
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2,021
26
health_centre
rural
0
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
image_recognition
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,022
27
regional
urban
0
1
1
0
0
drug_interaction
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2,023
28
health_centre
remote
0
0
0
0
0
dermatology
predictive_model
edge_device
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,021
29
health_centre
urban
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
rule_based
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
30
district
rural
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
hybrid
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2,019
31
regional
rural
0
0
0
0
0
tb_xray_screening
image_recognition
offline
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,021
32
clinic
peri_urban
0
1
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
nlp
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
33
health_centre
urban
0
1
1
1
0
maternal_risk
nlp
cloud
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
na
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
2,021
34
health_centre
remote
0
0
0
0
0
ecg_interpretation
hybrid
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
3
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2,019
35
district
urban
0
1
1
0
0
pathology
image_recognition
edge_device
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
2,021
36
district
remote
0
1
1
0
0
maternal_risk
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
2,019
37
regional
rural
1
0
0
0
1
clinical_guidelines
rule_based
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
38
health_centre
urban
0
1
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
image_recognition
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
6
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
2,023
39
tertiary
urban
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
rule_based
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
2,022
40
health_centre
peri_urban
0
0
1
0
0
pathology
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2,021
41
clinic
remote
0
0
0
0
0
triage_severity
rule_based
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
2,023
42
district
rural
0
0
1
0
0
pathology
rule_based
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
2,020
43
clinic
remote
0
1
1
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
44
community
urban
1
1
1
0
0
drug_interaction
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,021
45
community
urban
0
1
1
0
0
pathology
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
6
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2,022
46
health_centre
rural
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
hybrid
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
5
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,022
47
regional
remote
0
0
0
0
0
dermatology
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
7
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,021
48
tertiary
rural
1
1
0
0
0
dermatology
rule_based
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2,023
49
health_centre
remote
0
0
1
0
0
malaria_microscopy
predictive_model
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
2,023
50
health_centre
rural
1
0
1
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
rule_based
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,021
51
health_centre
peri_urban
0
1
0
1
0
clinical_guidelines
rule_based
cloud
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
clinical_judgment
0
12
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,021
52
health_centre
peri_urban
1
0
0
0
1
dermatology
rule_based
hybrid
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2,023
53
tertiary
urban
0
1
0
0
0
ecg_interpretation
image_recognition
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
2
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,021
54
health_centre
peri_urban
1
0
1
0
0
ecg_interpretation
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
2,020
55
tertiary
peri_urban
0
1
0
0
0
tb_xray_screening
hybrid
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,021
56
district
urban
0
1
1
0
0
ecg_interpretation
nlp
hybrid
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
2,021
57
health_centre
rural
0
0
0
0
0
drug_interaction
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,020
58
tertiary
urban
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
hybrid
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
6
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
2,023
59
district
peri_urban
1
1
1
0
0
clinical_guidelines
hybrid
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
6
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2,022
60
district
remote
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
hybrid
edge_device
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
2,022
61
health_centre
remote
0
0
1
0
0
triage_severity
rule_based
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,021
62
clinic
remote
0
0
1
0
0
clinical_guidelines
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
6
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2,021
63
clinic
peri_urban
0
1
1
0
0
triage_severity
hybrid
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,022
64
district
peri_urban
1
0
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2,020
65
regional
peri_urban
1
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
rule_based
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2,023
66
tertiary
remote
0
1
1
0
0
triage_severity
hybrid
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
2,023
67
clinic
remote
0
0
1
0
0
drug_interaction
hybrid
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,023
68
health_centre
urban
1
1
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
hybrid
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,022
69
clinic
remote
0
1
1
0
0
pathology
rule_based
edge_device
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
2,020
70
health_centre
rural
0
0
0
0
0
triage_severity
image_recognition
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
7
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2,023
71
district
rural
0
0
1
0
0
other
nlp
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,023
72
district
urban
0
1
1
0
0
clinical_guidelines
rule_based
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
2,022
73
clinic
rural
0
0
0
0
0
tb_xray_screening
predictive_model
edge_device
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,023
74
health_centre
rural
0
0
0
0
0
malaria_microscopy
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
2,023
75
community
remote
0
0
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
nlp
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2,023
76
district
remote
1
0
0
0
0
other
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,019
77
district
rural
0
1
0
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,023
78
regional
rural
1
1
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
rule_based
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
2,022
79
clinic
urban
0
0
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
nlp
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
80
district
urban
1
1
1
0
0
malaria_microscopy
hybrid
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,022
81
health_centre
remote
1
0
0
0
0
pathology
hybrid
hybrid
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,022
82
tertiary
peri_urban
0
1
1
0
1
malaria_microscopy
image_recognition
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,022
83
health_centre
rural
0
0
0
0
0
ecg_interpretation
nlp
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2,023
84
tertiary
urban
0
0
0
0
0
maternal_risk
predictive_model
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
2,023
85
clinic
urban
0
1
1
0
0
dermatology
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
4
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,022
86
regional
urban
1
0
1
0
0
malaria_microscopy
predictive_model
edge_device
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2,022
87
health_centre
remote
0
1
1
0
1
triage_severity
rule_based
offline
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,021
88
community
rural
0
0
0
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
image_recognition
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2,022
89
community
remote
0
0
1
0
0
drug_interaction
predictive_model
offline
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
2,022
90
tertiary
peri_urban
1
0
1
0
1
drug_interaction
image_recognition
hybrid
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
6
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
2,022
91
regional
urban
1
0
1
0
0
dermatology
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2,023
92
regional
rural
0
1
1
0
0
pathology
image_recognition
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
1
5
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2,023
93
health_centre
urban
0
0
1
0
0
tb_xray_screening
rule_based
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2,022
94
community
rural
0
0
0
0
0
drug_interaction
hybrid
cloud
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
2,021
95
clinic
rural
0
0
0
0
0
clinical_guidelines
predictive_model
cloud
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
2,022
96
district
rural
1
1
1
0
0
ecg_interpretation
nlp
edge_device
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
2,023
97
district
remote
0
0
0
0
0
drug_interaction
image_recognition
edge_device
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
2,023
98
district
rural
1
0
0
0
0
diabetic_retinopathy
predictive_model
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
2,021
99
health_centre
urban
0
1
1
0
0
triage_severity
nlp
hybrid
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
5
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
2,023
100
community
rural
0
0
0
0
0
triage_severity
predictive_model
cloud
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
na
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2,021
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

⚠️ Synthetic dataset — Parameterized from published SSA literature, not real observations. Not suitable for empirical analysis or policy inference.

AI & Clinical Decision Support

Abstract

Synthetic dataset modeling AI and clinical decision support system deployment across three SSA scenarios. Captures AI domains (TB CXR, retinopathy, triage), deployment modes, recommendation adherence, diagnostic accuracy, provider trust, validation status, barriers, and safety metrics. Parameterized from SSA AI health research.

Parameterization Evidence

Parameter Value Source Year
Most SSA AI projects Pilot stage Wahl et al. BMJ Glob Health 2018
CDSS improves accuracy 10-30% Topol. Nat Med 2019
AI TB detection sensitivity 90-98% Mollura et al. Radiology 2020
Local validation critical Bias concerns Mollura et al. 2020

Validation

Validation Report

Usage

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("electricsheepafrica/ai-clinical-decision-support", name="ai_pilot")
df = ds['train'].to_pandas()

References

  1. Wahl B et al. (2018). AI global health. BMJ Glob Health. DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000798
  2. Topol EJ (2019). High-performance medicine. Nat Med. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7
  3. Mollura DJ et al. (2020). AI radiology LMICs. Radiology. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201434

License

CC-BY-4.0

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