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while most quasars ( by which i mean all active galactic nuclei without regard to luminosity ) have broad emission lines that are superficially symmetric , there is a class of quasars with broad lines showing one or two peaks doppler shifted from the rest frame of the host galaxy by substantial amounts ( gaskell 1983 )... |
entangled resources are useful in quantum information processing , such as quantum teleportation @xcite , metrology @xcite , and communications 3 . two - mode squeezed vacuum state ( tmsvs ) is one of the most popular ( if not the most ) tools for quantum - enhanced optical interferometers or continuous variable ( cv )... |
type ia supernovae are probably the most accurate distance indicators on cosmological scales . an important limitation is that , since sne are relatively rare events , they can not be used to measure the distance of pre - selected individual galaxies . on the other side they are invaluable tools to measure global prope... |
entangled multiqubit states are of central importance in the fields of quantum computation and quantum communication @xcite , and have been the subject of intensive theoretical and experimental investigations . as pointed out by schn _ et al . _ @xcite , the classes of all sequentially generated multiqubit states , as... |
an understanding of the structure of the proton in terms of partons , i.e. quarks and gluons which follow qcd dynamics , was established to a large extent in lepton - proton , in particular electron - proton , deep inelastic scattering ( dis ) . at the hera @xmath23 collider with an electron - proton centre - of - mass... |
a variety of stylized facts have been identified in empirical studies of financial markets @xcite . a prominent example is the heavy - tailed distribution of stock price returns @xcite . the precise shape of the tails has been examined in detail @xcite . for return intervals smaller than one day , a power - law beha... |
the model we use is based on the gilad et al . vegetation model@xcite , which captures three different mechanisms of vegetation pattern formation@xcite . however , applying the model to the nfc ecosystem ( sandy soil , confined root zones ) results in a simplified model describing the dynamics of aboveground biomass ( ... |
it was nearly 50 years ago that askaryan proposed to detect high energy particles through the coherent pulse they emit as they interact in a dense medium @xcite . as secondary electrons , positrons and gamma rays are produced they develop electromagnetic showers in the medium which acquire an excess negative charge , ... |
chandra observatory x - ray images of the hot atmospheres of galaxy clusters show a wealth of structure associated with central radio sources , including cavities , shock fronts , metal - enriched plumes , and filaments ( see peterson & fabian 2006 and mcnamara & nulsen 2007 for reviews ) . it was realized early on tha... |
the late - stage dynamics of phase separation is often characterised by the presence of droplets , islands or clusters of one phase dispersed in a surrounding medium of another phase . this may for example be : droplets of a liquid condensing from a supersaturated vapour , phase separation in a binary mixture or alloy ... |
the schlesinger system is a pfaffian system of differential equations of the form : @xmath24}{t_{i}-t_{j } } , & 1\leq i , j\leq n,\ i\not = j,&\qquad ( \ref{sch}.\textup{a } ) \\[3.0ex ] \dfrac{\partial q_{i}}{\partial t_{i}}= -\displaystyle \sum\limits_{\substack{1\leq j\leq n \\ j\not = i } } \dfrac{\left[q_{i},q_... |
cabibbo - suppressed ( cs ) and doubly cabibbo - suppressed ( dcs ) decays play an important role in studies of charmed hadron dynamics . cs decays of nearly all the charmed hadrons have been observed , while dcs decays have been observed for only @xmath10 and @xmath11 mesons . the nave expectation for the dcs decay ra... |
this article describes a computationally efficient method for constructing symmetric factorization of large dense matrices . the symmetric factorization of large dense matrices is important in several fields , including , among others , data analysis @xcite , geostatistics @xcite , and hydrodynamics @xcite . for ins... |
the paradigmatic taylor - couette ( tc ) flow has long been a flow configuration of great interest to fluid dynamicists . it consists of flow between two coaxial cylinders that can independently rotate , see figure [ fig : setup ] . this system has been used extensively as a model in fluid physics because it is a clos... |
galaxy clusters have long been used to study dark matter and cosmology in general . cluster surveys in the local universe are particularly useful for constraining a combination of the matter density parameter @xmath1 and the normalization of the power spectrum of density fluctuations ( we describe the normalization usi... |
state determination for a physical system hinges on being able to non - invasively measure its relevant parameters . however , a measurement performed on a quantum system is by definition invasive , and hence quantum state estimation relies on measurements made on an ensemble of identically prepared systems . quantum s... |
to understand the evolution and appearance of galaxies it is crucial to study the ism / star formation interplay in galaxies . most of our information about the ism relates to its massive component , the gas and its various phases . its interplay with star formation can be addressed through the famous kennicutt - schmi... |
the spectra of distant quasars typically exhibit numerous absorption lines which arise in discrete intervening gas clouds . many of these clouds , particularly those producing metal absorption lines , are thought to be embedded in the gaseous disks and halos of `` normal '' high redshift galaxies ( bahcall & spitzer 19... |
the hectospec is a powerful fiber - fed spectrograph at the mmt observatory in routine operation since april 2004 . during its first year of operation , hectospec obtained 60,000 spectra during 79 scheduled nights , with 48 nights of clear weather . hectochelle , hectospec s high dispersion partner spectrograph , was s... |
it has been widely accepted that the @xmath1 cluster structure exists in light nuclei.@xcite it has been also shown that the @xmath1 cluster picture persists even in the @xmath4-shell region like @xmath5ti where the spin - orbit force becomes strong.@xcite clustering is realized due to the logic that the interaction... |
since the initial theoretical discussion and experimental discovery of topological insulators,@xcite their topologically protected metallic surface states have been extensively studied , both because of the new physics involved and because of novel functionality that could find application in a next generation of elect... |
according to the _ recycling _ model ( e.g. @xcite ) millisecond - or recycled - pulsars ( msps ) are formed in binary systems where the companion star transfers mass , and hence angular momentum , onto the neutron star ( ns ) . extended mass transfer from low mass companions can cause the ns to be spun up to rotationa... |
_ ab - initio _ few- and many - body methods have been used with great success to explore the structure of light nuclei based on microscopic two- and three - nucleon interactions . for nuclei with @xmath7 nucleons , several techniques provide practically exact solutions to the nuclear many - body problem and have been ... |
inspired by ideas from origami , we discuss here the folding of curved surfaces with creases . we show , both theoretically and experimentally , that the curvature of this crease can be used to control the continuity of the deformation . the proposed design principle arises purely from geometry , and does not rely on s... |
the study of the evolution of social systems is a topic nowadays attracting the interest of researchers from different domains such as physics , psychology , mathematics . in fact , an interdisciplinary approach provides a more powerful way to understand and model such complex systems @xcite . one important issue with... |
a system of strongly interacting electrons can have several unusual properties . among the most remarkable is the possibility that the electron itself breaks apart into several more `` fundamental '' constituents in such a system . more precisely , the excitations of the many electron ground state may have quantum numb... |
lattice distortion induced by a magnetic ordering is a central mechanism of the magnetoelectric coupling observed in magnetic insulators @xcite . magnetic ions may shift positions at the magnetic ordering to increase their exchange interaction energy . as a result , a structural distortion develops in the lattice @xc... |
this paper proposes a decision rule based on a distance measure . this rule calculates the distance between a combined mass function and a categorical mass function and keep the hypotheses with the lowest distance . we propose this rule for its ability to give decision on composite hypotheses as well as its convenience... |
a hypergraph @xmath1 is a set system @xmath20 defined on a finite universe @xmath21 ( called the vertex set ) . the sets in the set system are called _ hyperedges_. we consider @xmath0-uniform hypergraphs , that is , hypergraphs whose hyperedges all have @xmath0 elements . we say that a hypergraph is two - colorable , ... |
the generalized thue - morse word @xmath0 is defined for @xmath1 , as the fixed point starting in @xmath2 of the morphism @xmath6 where @xmath4 and where the letters are expressed modulo @xmath5 . naturally , the class of generalized thue - morse words contains the famous thue - morse word @xmath7 whose factor frequenc... |
the joint spectral radius of a set of matrices , originally introduced in the short note @xcite , is a natural extension of the spectral radius of a single matrix and has found various applications in , for example , wavelet theory , functional analysis , and systems and control theory ( see the monograph @xcite for d... |
in euclidean space @xmath1 , the plane and the catenoid are the only minimal rotational surfaces . these surfaces are foliated by a uniparametric family of coaxial circles . we consider now a more general context and we ask for those minimal surfaces foliated by a uniparametric family of circles in parallel planes , ca... |
this paper develops tools for performing formal statistical inference for predictions generated by a broad class of methods developed under the algorithmic framework of data analysis . in particular , we focus on ensemble methods combinations of many individual , frequently tree - based , prediction functions which h... |
40004000 = 1000 # 1 40004000 = 1000 the distortion of the density field in redshift - space by peculiar motion is an old subject ( see e.g. ) . it is commonly held that on small scales , virialized motion causes the stretching of structures along the line of sight , creating what is often called the fin... |
wave propagation in excitable extended media described by nonlinear reaction - diffusion equations has widespread applications in chemistry , biology , and medicine . a particularly important example are neuronal systems where spreading depression ( sd ) waves are associated with a pathological dysfunction of brain act... |
quantum entanglement , as a cornerstone in understanding many phenomena in quantum world @xcite , serves as a necessary resource in various practical applications of quantum information processing , such as quantum algorithms @xcite , quantum teleportation @xcite , and quantum crytography @xcite . in the past decade , ... |
galaxy clusters form differently in different cosmological models . their formation history and their internal structure are influenced by the cosmological parameters . in dense model universes , @xmath7 , clusters form at significantly lower redshifts than in low - density model universes ( e.g. richstone , loeb , & ... |
luminous elliptical galaxies have long been known to have a `` core '' at their centers , a region interior to which the steeply - rising stellar surface - brightness profile of the envelope shallows out to a slowly - rising cusp as @xmath6 @xcite . cores had been predicted to be created when a binary black hole formed... |
the theoretical and experimental interest in thermoelectric power in bulk and recent low dimensional systems has been intensified@xcite-@xcite . a relatively long survey of literature and some common misunderstandings in the field of thermoelectric power ( @xmath0 ) and nernst - ettingshausen ( ne ) effect under differ... |
it has been shown that physical loudspeaker are causal system @xcite . a physical loudspeaker has inherent nonlinearities generating harmonic and intermodulation distortions in the output signal . the usual approach to correct audio signals is applying a linear filter due to computational advantages and simplicity . un... |
motivated in part by the rapid growth of nanofabrication techniques and nanotechnology , as well as a surge of interest in novel applications of quantum effects such as quantum information processing , the control of quantum systems is a subject that has received considerable attention recently . many control strategie... |
there are several possibilities in the scientific literature to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe , that was detected recently making use of different cosmological experiments , but the concordance of the @xmath0cdm model with the observational data , materialized this model as paradigmatic in the prese... |
current understanding of the winds of low - mass stars with outer convection zones is uncertain due to the fact that these winds can not be directly observed , except in the case of our own sun . consequently , the mass and angular momentum lost to the wind , which are the main ingredients for understanding the spin - ... |
in this paper , we study fast algorithms for generalizations of classical _ pad approximation _ and _ polynomial interpolation _ problems . two typical examples of such problems are the following . in coding theory , some decoding algorithms rely on solving a bivariate interpolation problem which may be formulated a... |
self - assembly of macromolecules or nanoparticles into polymers or superlattices is an important route to produce higher - level structures with distinct properties for numerous applications.@xcite various assembled shapes can be formed , such as spheres , sheets and tubes , depending on the structural features encode... |
the presence of spacetime singularities in some physically relevant solutions in einstein s gravity is an outstanding and longstanding problem . at the singularity , predictability is lost and standard physics breaks down . the resolution of spacetime singularities in einstein s gravity is often attributed to unknown q... |
peculiar velocity surveys covering a fair fraction of the sky are now reaching to 6000 and beyond ( @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ) and are being interpreted as evidence for substantial flows on these scales ( @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ) . however , the amplitude , direc... |
seismic electric signals ( ses ) are transient low frequency ( @xmath2 1hz ) electric signals that have been observed in greece@xcite , japan@xcite , mexico@xcite etc . days to months before earthquakes(eqs ) . they are emitted when the stress in the focal region reaches a _ critical _ value before the failure@xcite . ... |
unlike virtually all other astronomical objects , ly@xmath0 absorbing `` clouds '' were first discovered at great distances ( @xmath72 ) due to cosmological redshifts and the near - uv atmospheric `` cutoff '' . it has only been with the advent of the _ hubble space telescope _ ( hst ) , with access to the ultraviolet ... |
carbon nanotubes are a one - dimensional conductor consisting of rolled graphite sheets.@xcite usually a single - wall carbon nanotube has a diameter of the order of a few nm and a length of the order of several @xmath2 m . recently , cutting and length selection of single - wall carbon nanotubes became possible.@xcite... |
the goal of the na61/shine experiment at cern @xcite is the search for the critical end - point and the onset of deconfinement in ion - ion collisions . a two dimensional scan of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter will be done by changing the ion beam energy at the sps ( 13 - 158 agev ) and the size of t... |
data accumulated over several years of observations by _ rosat _ and may contain x - ray counterparts of gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) . both instruments have imaging capabilities and can provide precise positions leading to grb identifications . soft x - ray data can be used to constrain the @xmath3 distribution of gamma... |
adsorbate - induced changes in the substrate morphology is a quite common phenomenon in nature . this concerns with in - plane and out - of - plane surface modifications , such as reconstruction or roughening ( see @xcite for a recent review ) . for simple crystalline surfaces ( single crystals ) there are well - de... |
given i.i.d samples @xmath0 drawn from some unknown probability distribution @xmath1 on @xmath2 , where @xmath3 is an arbitrary set and @xmath4 , the goal to explore the conditional distribution of @xmath5 given @xmath6 beyond the center of the distribution can be achieved by using both quantile and expectile regressio... |
the neutrino data show that neutrinos have tiny masses as compared to the electroweak scale . this is clear evidence for physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) . the data also indicate that the structure of flavor mixing for neutrinos is largely different from that for charged leptons . these facts would suggest that... |
the theory of variable - length codes , one of the most studied areas of coding theory , continues to play an important role not only in the evolution of formal languages , but also in some applicative areas of computer science such as data compression . the aim of this paper is to continue developing and enriching thi... |
thermal fluctuations of the order parameter are known to change effective anisotropy of a cubic ferromagnet approaching the curie point . as was first discovered by wilson and fisher a system with cubic symmetry may become isotropic under @xmath9 provided its initial anisotropy is small enough @xcite . on the contrary ... |
the _ trivial open book decomposition _ @xmath0 of the 3-sphere @xmath1 is a decomposition of @xmath1 into infinitely many disks ( called _ pages _ ) sharing their boundaries . in @xcite , a concept of positions of seifert surface called the flat plumbing basket associated to @xmath0 are introduced and investigated . a... |
in recent years , a variety of new theoretical and phenomenological approaches of the glass transition ( e.g. , @xcite ) stimulated new experimental investigations especially of the high - frequency dynamics of glass - forming liquids @xcite . maybe the most controversially discussed theoretical approach of the glass t... |
gillett , forrest , & merrill ( 1973 ) , in a spectroscopic study of planetary nebulae , discovered a series of unidentified infrared ( uir ) bands , now known to include features at 3.3 , 6.2 , 7.7 , 8.6 , and 12.7 @xmath1 m . since then the uir bands have been observed in a rich variety of astronomical sources ( see... |
the hydrodynamics of superfluid liquid exhibits new features with respect to conventional classical hydrodynamics , which are important when the turbulence in superfluids is considered @xcite . \(i ) the superfluid liquid consists of two mutually penetrating components the frictionless superfluid component and the vis... |
since 1979 it became clear that non - interacting electrons are always localized in a 2d disordered potential @xcite . at present this result is firmly confirmed by different analytical and numerical studies ( see the reviews @xcite ) according to which all one - particle eigenstates are exponentially localized in the ... |
some elliptical galaxies are radio loud i.e. , they have bright nuclear radio sources emitting @xmath2 w / hz at 1.5 ghz but most are not . understanding the reason for this dichotomy is extremely important for fully understanding elliptical galaxies . currently the most promising explanation for the nuclear activi... |
the discovery ( daddi et al . 2005 ; trujillo et al . 2006 ) that the most massive galaxies ( m@xmath6@xmath410@xmath2@xmath11 ) , independently of their star formation rate ( prez - gonzlez et al . 2008 ) , were much more compact in the past ( a factor of @xmath14 at z@xmath41.5 than their equally massive local counte... |
the existence of an initial singularity is one of the major drawbacks of classical cosmology . in spite of the fact that the standard cosmological model , based in the classical general relativity theory , has been successfully tested until the nucleosynthesis era ( around @xmath0 ) , the extrapolation of this model to... |
the classical plateau problem is the problem of finding a surface minimizing the area amongst all surfaces which are images of a map from a disk and spanning a given jordan curve . we can formulate this problem more precisely as follows . let @xmath1 be the unit disk in @xmath2 . the area of a map @xmath3 is @xmath4 * ... |
[ sec : intro ] giant planets are common products of protoplanetary disk evolution but many of the details of their formation remain obscure and untested . core accretion is the dominant formation channel at small separations of @xmath910 au ( @xcite ; @xcite ) , while disk instability ( @xcite ) and turbulent frag... |
often we are faced with the study of systems described by a given fine scale , microscopic dynamics , for which we would like to obtain coarse - grained , macroscopic information . such information can include stationary - states , instabilities , and bifurcations . when continuum equations describing the coarse - grai... |
let @xmath8 denote a subsequence of @xmath0 ternary symbols , @xmath9 . then the conditional probability , @xmath10 , that the @xmath11th symbol @xmath12 in the sequence will be @xmath13 or @xmath14 may not only depend on the number of individual symbols but , in general , may also depend on their specific order in @xm... |
the outer solar system ( hereafter oss ) is a home of the oort cloud of comets @xcite an extended reservoir of primitive objects that provides a source of the long - period comets observed in the inner solar system ( hereafter iss ) . we define oss as the region of space outside the helioshere the inner part of the s... |
this paper constitutes a survey of a collection of results from @xcite as well as the announcement of new results on the @xmath5-fractal billiard table @xmath6 ( see @xcite ) and a self - similar sierpinski carpet billiard table @xmath7 ( see @xcite ) . in [ sec : rationalbilliards ] and [ sec : fractalgeometry ] ... |
topological defects are inevitably formed during phase transitions in the early universe , and their subsequent evolution and observational signatures must therefore be understood . the string model of structure formation may help to resolve one of cosmological mystery , the origin of cosmic magnetic fields @xcite . th... |
extra dimensions were introduced to solve classical problems of particle physics . in the 1920 s , kaluza and klein @xcite proposed a theory with a compact fifth dimension to unify electromagnetism with einstein gravity . contains the first proposal for using large extra dimensions in the standard model with gauge fiel... |
a star and its planets inherit their angular momentum from a common source : the rotation of the molecular cloud from which they formed . it follows that the axes of planetary orbits should be closely aligned with the rotation axis of the star , an expectation that is fulfilled in the solar system . the rotation axis ... |
symmetry , the statement that a string theory compactified on a circle of radius @xmath1 is isomorphic to a string compactified on a circle of radius @xmath2 , is the most basic instance of t - duality . it is not only a prime example of inherently `` stringy '' physics but also an extremely useful tool in studying the... |
the cl 1604 supercluster was initially detected as two separate clusters , cl 1604 + 4304 at @xmath8 and cl 1604 + 4321 at @xmath9 , in the plate - based survey of @xcite . deeper imaging and multi - object spectroscopy taken with the low resolution imaging spectrograph ( lris ; * ? ? ? * ) at the keck telescopes by ( ... |
observed counts as time series have been attracting considerable attention both in terms of data analysis and developement of methodological approaches . this type of data can appear in contexts as diverse as epidemiology ( see for example and ) and finance ( and ) . in this paper , the motivating datasets that will be... |
in the framework of the standard model , the quark sector is characterized by a rich pattern of flavor - changing transitions , described by the cabibbo - kobayashi - maskawa ( ckm ) matrix : @xmath4 since the ckm matrix must be unitary , it can be expressed as a function of only four parameters . a commonly used appro... |
optimization problems are subject of recent studies in the context of complex systems @xcite . random k - sat problems are well known examples of these problems which have their origin in computer science and complexity theory @xcite . finding the configuration of @xmath5 logical variables which satisfies a formula of ... |
blue compact dwarf ( bcd ) galaxies pose an interesting puzzle for standard galaxy evolution models . their extremely low gas phase metallicities and blue colors suggest that these galaxies are relatively unevolved systems , perhaps undergoing their first bursts of star formation at the present epoch ( e.g. , * ? ? ? *... |
particle - hopping models have been used widely in the recent years to study the spatio - temporal organization in systems of interacting particles driven far from equilibrium @xcite . often such models are formulated in terms of cellular automata ( ca ) @xcite . examples of such systems include vehicular traffic @xcit... |
energy exchange between particles of different species and the subsequent equilibration of their temperatures plays a crucial role in many modern experiments creating high - energy - density matter . a prime example is inertial confinement fusion where intense lasers are employed to heat and compress a deuterium - trit... |
neutrino telescopes have great potential for probing physics beyond the standard model when new particles are created by high energy cosmic neutrino passing through the earth . a recent proposal @xcite showed that the detection of two nearly parallel charged particle tracks from a pair of metastable staus , which are p... |
sn 1998bw was a very interesting object from the word go ( e.g. nomoto et al . 2001 ) . discovered in the error box of grb980425 , and very possibly linked to it , this object was soon identified to be a supernova ( sn ) from its light curve , which was different from those of typical optical transients of grb s . e... |
in the common perception , clifford algebras belong to modern mathematics . it may then be a point of surprise that the first appearance of spinors in mathematical literature is already more than two thousand years old ! euclid s parameters @xmath2 and @xmath1 of the pythagorean triples , first described by euclid in h... |
the mass , @xmath0 , of an isolated main - sequence star can be determined from its absolute luminosity , @xmath1 , and the mass luminosity relation , @xmath2 } , \tau,\mbox{\boldmath$s$})$ ] . the corresponding mass(absolute - magnitude ) relation is @xmath3 , where @xmath4 represents some photometric pass band , and... |
for each quark there are three kinds of number densities : a ) : : q(x ) is the number density of quarks with momentum fraction in the range @xmath1 . this is mostly measured in dis . b ) : : @xmath2 is the number density at @xmath3 with spin @xmath4 along ( + ) or opposite ( - ) to the spin @xmath... |
this paper is concerned with the statistical mechanics of families of solutions for partial differential equations . the periodic nonlinear schrdinger equation studied is @xmath16 where @xmath17 , @xmath18 and @xmath19 . the associated cauchy problem specifies the initial condition @xmath20 , where @xmath15 is periodic... |
the hera @xmath8 collider has been designed to study deep inelastic scattering ( dis ) at very high @xmath7 where substructure of quarks could be observed . however in the first 3 years of data operation , which allowed a steady growth towards the design luminosity of the machine , most of the interest has focused on t... |
graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two - dimensional ( @xmath0 ) honeycomb lattice , ( fig . [ figplano ] ) or it can be viewed as an individual atomic plane pulled out of bulk graphite @xcite . it is the first example of a truly atomic two - dimensional @xmath1 crystalline system and it... |
the sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy appears as a stream of stars covering several hundreds of square degrees around @xmath5 , @xmath6 . it is elongated perpendicular to the galactic plane and apparently is in the process of plunging through the milky way some 25 kpc from the sun and 17 kpc from the galactic center ... |
gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) are cosmic gamma ray emissions with typical fluxes of the order of @xmath1 to @xmath2ergs @xmath3 with the rise time as low as @xmath4 s and the duration of bursts from @xmath5 to @xmath6 s. the distribution of the bursts is isotropic and they are believed to have a cosmological origin , wit... |
the success of the rhic program has been based largely on its ability to deduce the properties of the dense medium using various energetic `` hard probes '' , including light quark jets ( @xmath0,@xmath1,@xmath2 ) , gluon jets , heavy quark jets ( @xmath3,@xmath4 ) and photons ( @xmath5 ) , which interact with differen... |
a quantity of great interest in recent years in the context of supercooled , glass - forming liquids is the dynamic susceptibility @xmath0 , associated with a four - point correlation function @xmath1 . this was originally introduced to understand spin - glass models @xcite , subsequently used to study dynamical hetero... |
since the discovery of baados , teitelboim and zanelli ( btz ) black hole in @xmath0dimensions , there has been a vast literature in the same context @xcite . expectedly there has been a race to derive rival metrics to btz by employing new physical sources other than the cosmological constant @xcite . as the problem am... |
stars with an initial mass exceeding @xmath12 end their life when their core collapses to a compact remnant and the outer layers are ejected in a powerful explosion , a supernova ( sn ) . if the outer hydrogen envelope of the star is still in place at the time of the explosion , the sn is characterized by strong h line... |
the identification of the physical mechanisms underlying the heating of coronae of magnetically active stars to some 10100 million degrees ( mk ) remains as one of the fundamental problems of high - energy stellar astrophysics . among the non - steady heating mechanisms , explosive release of energy by flares has recei... |
in this note , i am going to address a rather classical problem of the low - temperature physics and the theory of bose - systems specifically . the excitation spectrum of a bose - liquid was an important element in the formulation of the theory of superfluidity of liquid helium-4 . phenomenologically formulated by lan... |
blazars are a class of radio - loud active galactic nuclei ( agns ) comprised of flat - spectrum radio quasars ( fsrqs ) and bl lac objects . their spectral energy distributions ( seds ) are characterized by non - thermal continuum spectra with a broad low - frequency component in the radio uv or x - ray frequency ra... |
since its birth about 30 years ago @xcite , the field of atom interferometry ( ai ) has matured significantly . experiments based on ai have been used to measure fundamental constants @xcite , the acceleration of gravity near the earth s surface @xcite , the gradient of the earth s gravitational field @xcite , and the ... |
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