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non - relativistic quantum fluids ( fermions or bosons ) constrained by periodic structures , such as layered or tubular , are found in many real or man - made physical systems . for example , we find electrons in layered structures such as cuprate high temperature superconductors or semiconductor superlattices , or in... |
the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic ( af ) heisenberg hamiltonian with additional af next - nearest neighbor coupling is one of the most studied models , known as the @xmath0 , in theoretical physics : @xmath5 here @xmath6 is a spin-1/2 operator associated to the @xmath7th lattice site and the first ( second ) summation run... |
the stellar mass is one of the most fundamental parameters characterising galaxies . this observable is driven by the light emitted in the rest - frame optical / near infrared ( nir ) by lower mass stars and it correlates with the dynamical mass up to @xmath20 ( e.g. , @xcite ) , suggesting that it can be a robust esti... |
with the detection of gravitational waves ( gw ) by the advanced laser interferometer gravitational - wave observatory ( ligo)@xcite and high - energy astrophysical neutrinos by icecube @xcite , the era of multi - messenger astronomy has started in earnest . the combination of these signals with electromagnetic observa... |
ever since pauli inferred their existence , the exact nature of neutrinos have been a mystery due to their tendency to avoid interacting with other particles . one prominent question was whether the neutrinos are massive particles . in 1957 pontecorvo suggested that massive neutrinos can oscillate ( change its flavour ... |
since the pioneering work of su , schrieffer and heeger ( ssh ) @xcite , the ssh model has been widely used to investigate the properties of conducting polymers , especially polyacetylene [ ( ch)@xmath0 @xcite . at half - filling , this system , as many quasi - one - dimensional materials , exhibits an instability agai... |
in the recent years effective field theories constructed from quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) have been enormously successful to describe phenomena where masses and momenta follow certain limits . among them is non - relativistic qcd ( nrqcd ) @xcite which is applicable to a system of two heavy quarks moving with small... |
ecological systems are fascinating because of their complexity . not only do ecological communities harbor a multitude of different species , but even the interaction of just two individuals can be amazingly complex . for understanding ecological dynamics this complexity poses a considerable challenge . in conventional... |
the standard generators @xmath1 , @xmath2 of the modular group @xmath3 were used classically to define piecewise continuous maps acting on the extended real line @xmath4 that led to well - known continued fraction algorithms . in this paper we present a general method of constructing such maps suggested by don zagier ,... |
this paper explores how mixing is affected by adding high molecular weight polymers to electro - osmotically pumped microflows . adding low concentrations of polymer to fluids moderately increases viscosity and dramatically increases elasticity , allowing microflows to undergo viscoelastic instability . based on the re... |
during recent years , the physics of single electron tunneling through a quantum dot ( qd ) under the conditions of strong coulomb blockade has been at the focus of intense investigation@xcite . the number of electrons @xmath3 in a dot can be regulated by a suitable gate voltage @xmath4 applied to an electrode coupled ... |
since the discoveries of the first extrasolar planets @xcite more than 290 planets have been discovered using radial velocity techniques , transit searches , and microlensing . the majority of the known extrasolar planets have been discovered using precision radial velocity measurements that detect the gravitational in... |
in the last few years the chaotic regime in dynamics of closed frw universe filled with a scalar field becomes the issue of investigations . initially , the model with a massive scalar field ( with the scalar field potential @xmath2 , where @xmath3 is the mass of the scalar field ) was studied @xcite . before summarizi... |
in this paper we explore implications of data on c , o , and si in the intergalactic medium ( igm ) for the `` metal '' sources . in earlier works ( wasserburg & qian 2000 ; qian & wasserburg 2002 ; see also qian , sargent , & wasserburg 2002 ) , we proposed that very massive ( @xmath0 ) stars ( vmss ) formed from big ... |
whether the nucleon changes its fundamental properties while embedded in nuclear medium has been a long - standing question in nuclear physics , attracting experimental and theoretical attention . quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) is established as the theory of the strong nuclear force but the degrees of freedom observed... |
over the past nearly 30 years the method of reverberation mapping ( rm ) ( @xcite and reference therein ) has become one of the standard methods for studying the active galactic nuclei ( agns ) . it is based on the assumption that in a typical seyfert galaxy the source of continuous radiation near a black hole , named ... |
the last decade has seen the emergence of highly popular online social networks like myspace , orkut and facebook . myspace was founded in 2003 and it gained its peak popularity in 2008 @xcite . however , most of the users have started abandoning it since 2008 @xcite . cannarella and spechler @xcite have modified the s... |
to show that our approach can accurately probe the mechanical properties of _ e. coli _ and _ b. subtilis _ cells , we applied short pulses of hydrodynamic force to the cells and monitored their response ( fig . 2 ) . for this , the cells were grown in excess nutrients initially without flow . as the cells formed long... |
with the advent of squeezed states of light @xcite , a full quantum description of optical homodyne detection @xcite assumed importance as homodyne detection ( hd ) yields phase dependent measurements of the light field . whereas photodetectors acquire phase insensitive information about photon statistics @xcite ,... |
entanglement of composite systems represented by continuous quantum variables is of conceptual importance for studying fundamental questions of quantum mechanics @xcite and promises to be useful for potential real - world applications in the fast developing field of quantum information processing @xcite . however , in ... |
as motivation , let us consider various solutions of a toy model of the partial differential equation @xmath7 here , @xmath8 is a prescribed constant . _ ( i ) _ a particular solution is provided by @xmath9 which satisfies the initial value problem @xmath10 and @xmath11 . _ ( ii ) _ a class of general solutions of the ... |
-0.2 cm heisenberg - type models have been studied in great detail during the last twenty years because of their phenomenological importance . for example , it is believed that the spin-1/2 heisenberg model on the square lattice is the correct model for understanding the undoped precursors of high @xmath9 cuprates ( un... |
quark - gluon matter initially produced in au - au collisions at rhic energies is not in a thermal state and has not a temperature since gluon and quark distributions are anisotropic in momentum space . after a period of time of @xmath0 , quark - gluon matter is in a thermal state and has a temperature while the distri... |
neutrinos offer a unique opportunity to explore the universe in depth over a wide energy range @xcite . however , since neutrino fluxes at high energy ( e@xmath1 tev ) are expected to be very low @xcite , a very large detector volume is required . a detector immersed in the sea provides a cheap and efficient method ... |
there is considerable interest in understanding the distinction between quantum and classical correlations in many - body systems . common examples found in nature are collections of spins coupled by pairwise interactions . spin chain hamiltonians are described by nearest neighbor interactions between spins ( usually @... |
in the hierarchical merging cluster scenario , clusters grow in mass by accreting nearby clusters . approximately 3040% of galaxy clusters show evidence of substructure in both the optical @xcite and x - ray wavelengths @xcite . velocity differences between the observed structures is @xmath1@xmath2 . with gravitational... |
supersymmetry is a well - motivated solution to the gauge hierarchy problem @xcite . within the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model ( sm ) , the mssm , it is remarkable that one also finds an excellent unification of gauge couplings , a candidate for the dark matter , and the potential to generate ... |
the extreme outer galaxy ( eog ) , which we define as the region with a galactic radius ( @xmath2 ) of more than 18 kpc , has a very different environment from the regions near our solar system , since it has a much lower gas density , lower metallicity ( see the metallicity gradient curve in , e.g. , smartt & rollesto... |
quantum few - body systems are believed to form some kind of bridge between one- and two - body physics , well described with standard methods of quantum mechanics , and many - body world where collective properties of quantum particles have to be taken into account in the framework of statistical mechanics @xcite . in... |
bell showed the inconsistency of local realism with quantum mechanics , by deriving a constraint on the correlations predicted by any local hidden variable ( lhv ) theory @xcite . for some quantum states , these constraints , called bell inequalities , are violated . bell s discovery of quantum nonlocality has inspired... |
the combination of gaia astrometric data with the spectroscopic follow - up will allow us to improve our knowledge on exoplanets : astrometry and spectroscopy are complementary and the synergy of these two methods is really useful to study exoplanets ( e.g.@xcite , @xcite ) . because of the nature of the spectroscopic ... |
starting with an antiproton beam directed on a proton target many reactions are possible . first of all is the elastic scattering @xmath2 . for this reaction differential cross sections @xmath3 , analyzing - power data @xmath4 @xcite , and even some depolarization data @xmath5 @xcite have been measured . we will disc... |
galaxy growth is one of the fundamental processes linking structure formation and the observable universe . the connection between the evolution of ( dark matter - dominated ) structures and the `` baryon physics '' of galaxy formation is the `` holy grail '' of extragalactic astrophysics . galaxy mergers lead both to ... |
[ [ section ] ] in this article , we use results about hodge modules on abelian varieties @xcite to prove two conjectures about zeros of holomorphic one - forms on smooth complex projective varieties . one conjecture was formulated by hacon and kovcs @xcite and by luo and zhang @xcite ; the former partly attribute t... |
one of the main goal of modern cosmology is the determination of the hubble constant to an accuracy of 1 - 2% ( * ? ? ? * and references therein ) . the distance to the lmc is a critical step in the problem of determining the scale of the universe . it is , in fact , considered as a benchmark in the determination of di... |
the origin of the matter asymmetry is a deep mystery that remains unsolved . conditions that can lead to a dynamical asymmetry between baryons and anti - baryons were articulated years ago by sakharov @xcite : baryon number violation , c and cp violation , and a departure from thermal equilibrium . all three conditions... |
let @xmath10 be a compact smooth boundary - less riemannian manifold of dimension @xmath11 . denote by @xmath12 the laplace operator associated to the metric @xmath13 . in the case @xmath14 , we discovered in @xcite a bilinear generalization of the well - known sogge estimates @xcite for @xmath15 ( @xmath16 ) norms of ... |
knowledge of radiation fields ( rf ) in galaxies is of prime importance to many branches of astrophysics , embracing low- and high - energy processes in the interstellar and intergalactic medium , with applications to cosmology , galactic astrophysics , astro - chemistry and astro - biology . for example ultraviolet ( ... |
the universe , as we observe it , is inhomogeneous almost at all scales . however , the standard approach , based on the cosmological principle , assumes that homogeneous models with robertson - walker ( rw ) geometry can be successfully employed in a cosmological framework , i.e. , above some @xmath1100 mpc scale . ho... |
several experiments have been done in recent years to understand the mechanism of complex fragment emission in low - energy ( e@xmath5 @xmath6 10 mev / nucleon ) light heavy - ion ( a@xmath7 + a@xmath8 @xmath6 60 ) reactions @xcite . the origin of these fragments extends from quasi - elastic ( qe)/ projectile breakup @... |
nonadiabatic transition due to potential curve crossing is one of the most important mechanisms to effectively induce electronic transitions @xcite . this is a very interdisciplinary concept and appears in almost all fields of physics and chemistry , even in biology @xcite . the common examples are variety of atomic an... |
the discovery of the higgs boson provides an explanation for the origin of mass in the charged fermion and gauge sectors of the standard model ( sm ) . however , despite this great success , a number of problems remain . in particular , our understanding of the origin of neutrino mass is incomplete , and we do not know... |
a free resolution of an ideal @xmath3 $ ] is a long exact sequence of free modules that represents the relations between the generators of that ideal . if @xmath0 is generated by monomials it is always possible to find a simplicial complex whose simplicial chain complex determines a free resolution of the @xmath2 ( e.g... |
among magnetic molecules spin rings constitute a rich subgroup of highly symmetric species of various sizes which are comprising a large variety of paramagnetic ions @xcite . the investigation of these regular structures led to a deeper understanding especially of antiferromagnetically coupled spin systems . one of the... |
one of the most intriguing puzzles of modern astronomy is the apparent existence of unseen mass on galactic and larger scales . even for the milky way , our knowledge of the dark component is poor , the little known having been gleamed from indirect , mostly kinematic , probes . the best constraints on the mass distrib... |
the low redshift long - duration cosmological @xmath9-ray burst , grb030329 @xcite afforded an unprecedented glimpse into the aftermath of the explosion . the sheer brightness of the early optical afterglow @xcite allowed for high - precision ( @xmath10% ) photometric measurements to be obtained from a bevy of meter - ... |
the problem of classification of vector bundles over an elliptic curve was considered and completely solved by atiyah in @xcite . for a group @xmath0 acting on a complex manifold @xmath1 , an @xmath2-dimensional factor of automorphy is a holomorphic function @xmath3 satisfying @xmath4 . two factors of automorphy @x... |
as reported by @xcite , an image of the moon in soft x - rays ( 0.12 kev ) was obtained by the _ rntgen satellite _ ( _ rosat _ ) using its position - sensitive proportional counter ( pspc ) on 1990 june 29 . this striking image showed an x - ray - bright sunlit half - circle on one side , and a much dimmer but not com... |
the electronic structures of transition metals ( tm ) and their alloys and compounds show that several d - bands cross the fermi energy @xmath2 . their fermi surfaces are complex and occupy about all parts of the brillouin zone ( bz ) . calculations of electron - phonon coupling ( epc ) @xmath5 , where @xmath6 is the d... |
in the ansatz - based approach to electronic structure theory , the capabilities of the method used to optimize the ansatz for a particular system are every bit as important as the flexibility of the ansatz itself . for example , both the coupled cluster @xcite and matrix product state @xcite ansatzes would be much les... |
the high resolution of the has enabled astronomers to study the low - luminosity x - ray source populations in globular clusters in great detail . combined x - ray , radio , and optical _ hubble space telescope _ ( ) studies of the globular cluster 47 tucanae have revealed quiescent low - mass x - ray binaries ( qlmxbs... |
from the time of the seminal paper @xcite of hardy and littlewood , geometric maximal functions have played a central role in analysis . for example , the hardy - littlewood maximal operator @xmath12 has been used in a proof of the lebesgue differentiation theorem as well as in proofs of the @xmath13 boundedness of a w... |
the asymmetric exclusion process ( asep ) is a model of interacting particles introduced in biology and mathematics in the late 1960 s @xcite . the particles may hop to the right and left in a finite lattice of cells and enter and exit at the boundaries of the lattice , with the exclusion condition which means there ca... |
the measurement of anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background ( e.g. spergel et al . 2003 ) combined with observations of high redshift supernovae ( e.g. riess et al . 1998 , 2000 ; perlmutter et al . 1999 ) have established a `` standard model '' for the universe , in which the energy density is dominated by an... |
the production of hot , highly - ionized gas in galactic environments is closely related to the input of energy and matter from stars and supernovae into the interstellar medium ( ism ) . such `` feedback '' can shape the ism on kiloparsec scales in regions with high concentrations of early - type stars . in disk galax... |
recent experiments on @xmath7-wave superconducting cuprates have shown many interesting phenomena in the presence of magnetic ( ni ) and non - magnetic ( zn ) impurities substituting the cu ions in the copper - oxygen plane . a series of nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) experiments on optimally doped yba@xmath2cu@xma... |
interference experiments demonstrated that the dilute atomic bose - einstein condensate ( bec ) is a coherent matter wave.@xcite when two spatial separated phase - independent becs are left to expand , they overlapp to form interference fringes . a recent experiment by d.r . scherer et al@xcite revealed that the interf... |
nowadays several attempts have been devoted to construct analytical solutions of schrdinger equation associated with the bohr hamiltonian @xcite and various model potentials with the aim of describing appropriately shape phase transitions in atomic nuclei , particularly those which are related to the issue of critical ... |
the yang mills gradient flow or the wilson flow @xcite is a powerful method to construct renormalized composite operators in gauge theory ( see ref . @xcite for a recent review ) . this follows from the fact that a local product of bare fields evolved by the gradient flow possesses quite simple renormalization prope... |
continuous variable quantum teleportation transfers unknown quantum states of a light field input from alice ( sender ) to bob ( receiver ) using squeezed state entanglement as a resource @xcite . since only finite squeezing is possible , the fidelity of this teleportation process is limited by non - maximal entangleme... |
cold dark matter ( cdm ) theory has serious issues on galactic and sub - galactic mass scales , even though it has been successful in interpreting a multitude of observational phenomena at cosmological scales . these include the so - called missing satellite , core / cusp discrepancy , and too - big - to - fail ( tbtf ... |
as in @xcite , we consider a non - relativist charged particle in a one dimensional space , with a potential @xmath0 , in a uniform electric field @xmath1 . under the dipole moment approximation assumption , and after appropriate changes of scales , the evolution of the particle s wave function is given by the followi... |
a quantitative investigation of cohesive fracture propagation necessitates an accurate description of various fracture phenomena including : crack initiation ; propagation along complex three - dimensional paths ; interaction and coalescence of distributed multi - cracks into localized continuous cracks ; and interacti... |
few - layer graphene@xcite is attractive for applications in optoelectronics as transparent conductors where precise control over layer thickness is not necessary owing to its low sheet resistance and high transparency , and in field - effect transistors due to the opening of an electronic bandgap that , at least in bi... |
given a smooth , convex oriented closed curve @xmath0 in the euclidean plane @xmath3 and @xmath9 , @xmath10 , let @xmath11 denote the oriented chord connecting @xmath12 to @xmath13 . motivated by his study of mathematical billiards , e. gutkin asked the following question @xcite : assume the existence of parameteriz... |
following the successful launch and early operations of the _ galaxy evolution explorer _ satellite in 2003 , we decided to undertake an initial spectroscopic assay of sources detected by _ galex _ using the deimos multiobject spectrograph @xcite on the keck ii telescope . although _ galex _ data have been matched to r... |
semirelativistic potential models have been proved extremely successful for the description of light mesons ( mesons containing @xmath0 , @xmath1 , or @xmath2 quarks ) . the main characteristics of the spectra of these mesons , except pseudoscalar ones , can be obtained with a spinless salpeter equation supplemented wi... |
black hole binaries ( bhbs ) , and cyg x-1 in particular , show dramatic spectral variability . the most dramatic variations observed in bhbs are spectral transitions which occur , for most of these sources , on the time scales from weeks to days @xcite . in the simplest classification , bhbs , are observed in two ma... |
chiral symmetry breaking ( csb ) has been an active research field in particle physics for over forty years since nambu [ 1 ] used this idea to generate fermion mass in a four - fermion model . one fascinating characteristic of csb is that it can generate fermion mass via the fermion - antifermion condensation mediated... |
special relativity ( sr ) and general relativity ( gr ) are at the basis of our understanding of space and time and thus are fundamental for the formulation of physical theories . without sr we can not explain the phenomena in high energy physics and in particle astrophysics , without gr there is no understanding of th... |
air traffic control ( atc ) is the backbone of what is arguably the key means of personal transport in the modern world . as traffic continues to grow dramatically , atc has to manage ever more aircraft . large european airports , such as london heathrow or frankfurt / main , experience spikes of more than 1,500 daily ... |
in the literature of air - based scanned tip microscopy , images with @xmath0 nm ( or larger ) fringes are often described as `` atomically - resolved''.@xcite the assumption that fringe spacings provide an upper limit on point resolution in tunneling images was plausible , prior to the availability of recent evidence ... |
it is commonly accepted that extragalactic jets are intimately linked with accretion process onto supermassive black holes residing in the central regions of active galactic neuclei . these jets are initially relativistic , as indicated by superluminal proper motions of radio emitting knots ( e.g. , wehrle et al . 1992... |
since i happen to present the last talk at this conference , let me start with some historic remarks , on the early days of our field in general and the role of helmut satz in particular . i know helmut longer than the topic of conference , `` statistical qcd '' , existed : we first met i think in 1975 in dubna , a yea... |
the hypothesis that the characteristic energy scale of quantum gravity lies just beyond the electroweak scale finds its motivation in the hierarchy problem and its operative realization in the existence of extra spatial dimensions @xcite . if this hypothesis is verified in nature , future experiments at the lhc have t... |
low mass x - ray binaries ( lmxbs ) contain a neutron star ( ns ) or black hole ( bh ) primary onto which material is transferred from a low - mass ( @xmath2 ) late - type , essentially normal main sequence ( ms ) star ( spectral type @xmath0a - m ) , with longer period systems containing a sub - giant . there are @xma... |
let @xmath13 be a bounded domain with smooth boundary and for @xmath14 let @xmath15 . in this paper we only consider domains @xmath1 such that @xmath16 ^ 2 \subseteq d_\epsilon$ ] for some fixed @xmath17 . let @xmath0 be a continuous gaussian free field ( gff ) on @xmath1 with dirichlet boundary conditions . for an int... |
this article concerns relationalism . this word is used very differently by barbour ( and various collaborators ) and i @xcite on the one hand , and by crane @xcite and rovelli @xcite ( with subsequent use in loop quantum gravity ( ` lqg ' ) @xcite ) on the other hand . this article is mostly about the former ( a succe... |
spin foam models ( sfm)@xcite are an attempt at a covariant or path integral formulation of canonical loop quantum gravity ( lqg ) @xcite . in their current formulation , sfm exploit the plebanski formulation @xcite of pure general relativity ( gr ) as a constrained bf theory . this approach is well motivated because o... |
recently , based on the mass matrix motivated by ref.@xcite , ref.@xcite has investigated the implications of the new data presented by the wa102 collaboration@xcite for the glueball - quarkonia content of @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 ( @xmath5 , @xmath6 and @xmath7 respectively stand for @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4... |
the gaseous disk of our galaxy has been suggested to be unstable in response to perturbations in the magnetic field line that lies parallel to the galactic plane . the dynamic process of the subsequent mixing of gas is called parker instability in the astronomical literature ( parker 1966 ) [ 1 ] . the morphology of th... |
the binary pulsar system j0737 - 3039 consists of a millisecond pulsar ( pulsar a with a period @xmath6 ms ) and a normal pulsar ( pulsar b with @xmath7 s ) in a @xmath8 hr orbit with eccentricity @xmath9 ( burgay 2003 ) . the system has a nearly edge - on orientation with respect to our line of sight , leading to a br... |
accreting black hole x - ray binary systems spend the majority of their time in the so - called `` quiescent '' state , a low - luminosity state ( below a few @xmath2 of the eddington luminosity ) whose x - ray emission is characterised by a hard ( @xmath3 ) power - law spectrum @xcite . despite such highly sub - eddin... |
we review recent work on cp violation in unpolarized @xmath1 @xcite . let us consider the process with unpolarized initial beams : @xmath2 the crucial point here is that for @xmath3 the charginos do not form a particle - antiparticle pair . hence , while the initial state is in the c.m . frame odd under charge conjugat... |
the discovery of quantum hall effect in 1980 @xcite has ushered in a new era of quantum states of non - interacting electrons , distinguished by non - trivial topological invariant . subsequently , haldane s proposal@xcite of quantum hall effect with synthetic gauge field in a honeycomb lattice gave an important clue ... |
nonlinear propagation of optical pulses at the mid - infrared ( mid - ir ) ranging from 2 to 25 @xmath0 m have become a tremendous interesting domain of research in science and technology due to its wide potential applications specially in biomedical surgeries , spectroscopy , chemical / bio - molecular sensing and so ... |
effects of quantum coherence on transport properties of disordered metals have been intensively investigated in the past few decades , and are by now well understood.@xcite examples of interference phenomena are weak localization@xcite and aharonov - bohm oscillations.@xcite another signature of quantum coherent transp... |
details on _ ab initio _ calculations , tight - binding analysis , thin film growth and characterization . this material is available free of charge via the internet at http://pubs.acs.org . this work at yale was supported by nsf mrsec dmr 1119826 , nsf cns 08 - 21132 , fame , onr , and by the facilities and staff of t... |
the first - order ordinary differential system @xmath14with a @xmath15 matrix of continuous or piecewise continuous periodic coefficients @xmath0 is a classical problem arising in miscellaneous models of applied mathematics and mathematical physics . its analysis largely relies on the floquet theorem asserting that the... |
early - type galaxies play a key role in modern cosmology : according to the standard hierarchical cosmological model , galaxies build up from successive mergers , associated by a series of morphological transformations . the massive etgs we see today are the end - product of this process . _ at high redshifts _ , few ... |
in systems of interacting degrees of freedom , decreasing the thermal fluctuations often leads to the formation of ordered states . the traditional , and natural , measure of these fluctuations is the temperature @xmath0 itself , which then forms one axis of the associated phase diagrams . however entropy @xmath1 can a... |
investment optimization , pioneered by markowitz @xcite , is one of the key topics in finance . it aims at simultaneous maximization of the investor s capital and minimization of the risk of unfavorable events . when these goals are mathematically formalized , they give rise to various methods of portfolio optimizatio... |
the antarctic submillimeter telescope and remote observatory ( ast / ro ) is an instrument routinely used for the measurement of submillimeter - wave spectral lines over regions several square degrees in size toward the milky way and magellanic clouds . ast / ro is a 1.7 m diameter offset gregorian telescope , with op... |
the influence of intense magnetic fields on the properties of strongly interacting matter has become an issue of increasing interest in recent years @xcite . this is mostly motivated by the realization that in some relevant physical situations , like high energy non - central heavy ion collisions @xcite and compact s... |
the discovery of the quantum hall effect revealed the dramatic role that topological properties of quantum states can have on observable quantities . in the quantum hall effect , the transverse hall conductivity of a two - dimensional ( 2d ) electron gas is precisely quantized in the presence of a strong , static , and... |
according to the standard model , cp violation is only possible through the ckm complex parameters . interference between processes with different weak phases contributing to a same final state can generate an asymmetry in charge conjugate @xmath6 meson decays . the most established methods to extract the ckm phases ex... |
this work focuses on classification trees and how their ensembles can be utilized in order to set up a prediction environment using ecological momentary assessment ( ema ) data from a real - world study . ema @xcite refers to a collection of methods used in many different disciplines by which a research subject repeate... |
in the last decade remarkable experiments were performed involving measurements and manipulations of states for a single or several nanoscopic josephson junctions which were consistently interpreted in terms of two - level quantum systems [ 1 - 5 ] . low - capacitance josephson - junction devices have recently attracte... |
since the first realization of a bose - einstein condensate ( bec ) 10 years ago @xcite , almost 60 groups built a setup , in which this phase transition is achieved . the setups lead normally to bec s containing 1.6@xmath010@xmath7 @xcite up to 3@xmath010@xmath8 @xcite atoms depending on the atomic element and the coo... |
in recent years , increasing evidence has accumulated for a widespread presence of central dark objects , most likely massive black holes ( mbhs ) , in nearby galaxies ( magorrian et al . 1998 ) . a possible relationship between these galaxies and the relics of the `` quasar era '' has therefore been suggested ( richst... |
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