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star clusters tend to form where strong star formation occurs and , specially , in starbursts triggered by galaxy interactions and mergers ( @xcite ) . during the last two decades young and massive compact clusters have been extensively studied in different environments including starburst galaxies @xcite , barred gal... |
during the last twenty years , several attempts have been made to model the space density and evolution of radio sources . these attempts have mainly followed two well defined tracks , where the first class of models ( orr & brown 1982 ; padovani & urry 1992 ; maraschi & rovetti 1994 , wall & jackson 1997 just to menti... |
the magnetic response of hard type - ii superconductors , in particular magnetic flux creep , is a timely issue in contemporary research ( see for review @xcite ) . in early 60s a very useful model of the critical state was developed to describe magnetic behavior of type - ii superconductors @xcite . one of the disting... |
one of the main challenges in physics today is the search for a quantum theory of gravity ( qtg ) . on the theoretical front , one of the major problems is that the introduction of gravity into quantum field theories appears to spoil their renormalizability , and from the experimental point of view , the major difficul... |
mass outflows of ionized gas from active galactic nuclei ( agn ) have been detected in the majority of seyfert 1 galaxies observed in the uv ( crenshaw et al . 1999 ; kriss 2002 ) and x - rays ( reynolds 1997 , george et al . the outflows are revealed through absorption lines that are blueshifted with respect to the sy... |
it has been widely accepted that there exists a symmetry called supersymmetry ( susy ) between bosons and fermions at the unification - energy scale . susy , however , is broken at the electroweak - energy scale . the relic of susy is expected to remain as a rich spectrum of susy particles , partners of usual matter fe... |
let @xmath2 \times\mathbb{r}^{d}\rightarrow\mathbb{r}^{d}$ ] be a deterministic , time dependent vector field , that we call drift . let @xmath3 be a brownian motion in @xmath4 , defined on a probability space @xmath5 with respect to a filtration @xmath6 and let @xmath7 be a real number . the following three stochastic... |
the _ fermi gamma ray space telescope ( fermi ) _ has onboard two instruments : the large area telescope ( lat ) , sensitive in the 100 mev 100 gev energy range ( and even beyond 100 gev , for very bright sources , atwood et al . 2009 ) , and the gamma bursts monitor ( gbm ) , especially designed for the detection of ... |
thanks to recent technological advances in producing high - quality polarized monochromatic photon beams , and in developing polarized nucleon targets , it becomes possible to measure a sufficiently large amount of single- and double - polarization observables in pion and kaon photoproduction from the nucleon . as a re... |
several animal species exhibit forms of collective motion in which two or more individuals move together coherently . examples include flocks of migrating birds , schools of fish , murmurations of starlings , swarms of locusts , and many others . in general , the same group of animals can produce various types of colle... |
this paper introduces a logical apparatus that enables one to study in a formal setting basic interdependencies between what can be called ( cf . [ philosophy ] ) two modes of knowledge : knowledge - that ( or knowledge of truths ) and knowledge - how ( or knowledge of methods ) . in mathematical practice , these hav... |
the fluorescent k@xmath0 emission line of iron is currently the best probe we have to study strong - field gravitational effects in the vicinity of black holes . this line , together with an associated backscattered continuum , is readily formed when a hard x - ray continuum source irradiates the surface of a relativel... |
an undirected graph is formed by a set of vertices and a set of undirected edges , with each edge connecting between two different vertices . a feedback vertex set ( fvs ) for such a graph is a set of vertices intersecting with every cycle of the graph . in other words , the subgraph induced by the vertices outside the... |
the presence of bars has important implications for disk galaxies due to their deep connection with the dynamical and secular evolution of such galaxies ( kormendy & kennicutt 2004 ) . n - body simulations and many theoretical studies predict that bars transfer angular momentum to the outer disk , which causes the stel... |
confining a hot ( millions k ) plasma in a magnetically controlled volume is not only the goal of the thermonuclear fusion reactors in terrestrial laboratories , but also is a reality near magnetic and relativistic compact objects in binary systems . it was realised quite some time ago that the strong magnetic fields o... |
observations @xcite indicate that approximately 70% of the energy density in the universe is in the form of an exotic , negative - pressure component , dubbed dark energy . ( see ref . @xcite for a recent review ) . taking @xmath2 to be the ratio of pressure to density for the dark energy : @xmath9 recent observations ... |
effective field theory is supposed to be an approach which can ultimately reproduce a fundamental theory and hence in principle can enable one to compute systematically corrections to approximate calculations . in nuclear physics we are supposed to have a fundamental theory , say , qcd , and so the task is to set up th... |
since the discovery of cosmic rays @xcite , the sites and mechanisms of cosmic ray acceleration up to the knee energy , which is a spectral kink of cosmic rays at @xmath3 ev , have been key problems . the most plausible scenario is diffusive shock acceleration ( dsa ) in the shock fronts of supernova remnants ( snrs )... |
in order to push brightness limits given by transverse space charge effects , one can modify the longitudinal bunch shape . reducing the peak line charge density decreases the space charge tune spread and the beam becomes less prone to betatron resonances located near the working point . the standard approach to flatte... |
bl lac objects are highly variable agn emitting non - thermal radiation from radio to high energy gamma - rays , in some cases up to tev energies . the mechanism responsible for the production of radiation over such a wide energy range is believed to be the synchrotron emission followed at higher energies by inverse co... |
parabolic _ reaction diffusion _ systems are abundant in mathematical biology . they are mathematical models that describe how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in space changes under the influence of two processes : local chemical reactions in which the substances are converted into each other ,... |
minimal supersymmetric standard model ( mssm ) have many flat directions , along which there are no classical potentials . the flat directions are only lifted by soft susy breaking mass terms and non - renormalizable terms . such flat directions have several interesting consequences in cosmology such as baryogenesis an... |
thousands of new asteroids are discovered every year by dedicated searches such as linear @xcite , spacewatch @xcite , the catalina sky survey @xcite , neat @xcite , and others ; by more general sky surveys such as pan - starrs @xcite and wise @xcite ; and by advanced amateur astronomers . the fundamental methodology o... |
formally speaking , wave maps are the analogue of harmonic maps where the minkowski metric is imposed on the independent variables . more precisely , for a smooth @xmath2 with @xmath3 riemannian , define the lagrangian @xmath4 which means that @xmath5 in case @xmath6 is imbedded in some euclidean space . this is called... |
the dense knots that populate the closest bright planetary nebula ngc 7293 ( the helix nebula ) must play an important role in mass loss from highly evolved intermediate mass stars and therefore in the nature of enrichment of the interstellar medium ( ism ) by these stars . it is likely that similar dense condensations... |
anharmonicity in lattice vibrations has been one of the old problems in condensed - matter physics@xcite . anharmonic effects in acoustic phonons were treated by perturbation theory@xcite , while those in local vibrations were investigated in impurities or disordered systems @xcite . it was pointed out that the effects... |
if the universe approaches homogeneity as one looks on ever - larger scales , then we expect the rms peculiar velocities to approach zero as as we average over larger and larger spheres . with this basic notion in mind , astronomers since the path - breaking work of vera rubin and co - workers in the mid-1970 s have be... |
it is believed that the black hole ( bh ) accretion disc is an effective model for explaining the high energy radiation in astrophysics . the standard accretion disc ( ssd ) model was proposed by @xcite , in which the disc is geometrically thin and optically thick . the ssd is widely used in modeling the spectral energ... |
the baby skyrme model was introduced originally as a planar analogue of the three - dimensional skyrme model @xcite . also its target space is simplified accordingly ( @xmath0 instead of the su(2 ) target space of the skyrme model ) such that static field configurations can be classified according to their winding numb... |
the radio source counts above the milli - jansky level are dominated by radio galaxies and quasars powered by active galactic nuclei ( agn ) in elliptical host galaxies . however , deep radio surveys at 1.4ghz show an upturn in the integrated source counts at sub - mjy levels revealing the presence of a population of f... |
all living systems have evolved to perform certain tasks in specific contexts . there are a lot fewer tasks than there are different biological solutions that the nature has created . some of these problems are universal , while the solutions may be organism - specific . thus a lot can be understood about the structure... |
while cosmologists have accumulated extensive evidence for an early - universe inflationary period , the cause and dynamical specifics of that epoch remain unclear . current and upcoming measurements will provide increasingly precise measurements of the effects of inflation , demanding that theorists persist in relatin... |
nasa s _ wide - field infrared survey explorer _ mission ( wise ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ) launched on 14 december 2009 and operated until placed into hibernation on 17 february 2011 . wise surveyed the entire sky near 90@xmath3 solar elongation in four infrared wavelengths : 3.4 , 4.6 , 12 and 22 @xmath2 m ( denoted @x... |
the run of the lhc delivered about of integrated luminosity to both the atlas and cms experiments . among the many important results coming from these data , the properties of the top - quark have been measured with unprecedented precision . at the same time , theoretical calculations of top - quark related observables... |
the accurate numerical simulation of fluid flow in porous media is important in many applications ranging from hydrocarbon production and groundwater flow to catalysis and the gas diffusion layers in fuel cells @xcite . examples include the behavior of liquid oil and gas in porous rock @xcite , permeation of liquid i... |
the initial gravitational - wave detectors in the laser interferometric gravitational wave observatory ( ligo ) are now near design sensitivity and are taking science data @xcite . the interferometers will be upgraded to a much more sensitive _ advanced - ligo _ design beginning in about 2007 . until 2003 , the baselin... |
the dimension of a space is a basic concept of particular relevance both in nature and in mathematics . non - commutative geometry provides a generalization of classical geometry . it is the object of this work to study some examples of non - classical geometrical objects within this framework . in particular , example... |
quark wigner distributions provide joint position - and - momentum ( or phase - space ) distributions , encoding in a unified picture the information obtained from transverse - momentum dependent parton distributions ( tmds ) and generalized parton distributions ( gpds ) in impact - parameter space . the concept of wig... |
it has been said that a good problem shows its worth by fighting back " . by that criterion , surely the problem of energy in general relativity is a very good one indeed : researchers continually return to it in spite of the fact that many might regard it as a solved " problem . an important part of the problem " a... |
we consider a subclass of so - called lvy flights that is mathematically identifiable as symmetric stable stochastic processes , @xcite-@xcite . these non - gaussian processes are of the jump - type and , in contrast to familiar gaussian diffusion - type processes , involve a number of obstacles . one of them is a shor... |
in the mid-1990s seiberg argued @xcite that two distinct @xmath0yang mills theories with appropriately chosen matter ( usually referred to as electric / magnetic theories ) can be equivalent in the infrared ( ir ) limit . seiberg s duality was tested in a number of nontrivial ways ( it passed all tests with flying col... |
super kamiokande high statistics data @xcite indicate that the observed deficit in the @xmath7-like atmospheric events is due to the neutrinos arriving at the detector at large zenith angles , strongly suggestive of the @xmath1 oscillation hypothesis . similarly , their data on the zenith angle dependence and recoil ... |
metal clusters containing two different elements , known as bimetallic nanoalloys , attract much attention due to their specific properties and rich diversity of structures , which suggests possible applications in electronics , engineering , and catalysis.@xcite core - shell nanoalloys are especially interesting due t... |
a dynamical mechanism for the process @xmath2 is proposed that allows for the extraction of the tensor charge from experiment . the basis for this approach is in the relation between a hadronic description of the process , in terms of regge poles and cuts , and the partonic description , in terms of generalized parton ... |
the cosmic ray ( cr ) spectrum follows a power law which exhibits several interesting features . a break ( known as the knee ) between a power law with index -2.7 to index -3.0 occurs near @xmath5 ev . a similar break ( the second knee ) from index -3.0 to -3.3 has been reported to occur near @xmath6 ev @xcite , follow... |
studying the gaseous halos of galaxies is important to understand the various complex processes that balance the exchange of gaseous matter and energy between individual galaxies and the intergalactic medium . supernova explosions in spiral galaxies create large cavities filled with hot gas in the gaseous disk - such g... |
starting from november 2002 till the end of may 2003 , the severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) had spread widely over the world . up to the end of may 2003 probable cases have been reported in 35 countries or regions , and the cumulative number of cases has reached 8202 by may 26 , 2003 according to the report b... |
extragalactic radio sources are often associated with massive elliptical galaxies . these so called radio galaxies are one of the most extraordinary astrophysical phenomena , powered , it is generally believed , by supermassive black holes in the galaxy nuclei . radio galaxies are found in a variety of environments and... |
entanglement for two - qubit systems has been investigated extensively in many directions . quantifying and manipulating entanglement for systems of small dimension have been covered a in wide area of research @xcite . however , there are a lot of applications that have been implemented on quantum information and compu... |
amorphous polymorphism is a property of solid water well established by experiments . a metastable high density amorphous structure ( hda , @xmath2 molec./nm@xmath3 ) can be formed by pressure amorphisation of hexagonal ice i@xmath0 at 77 k @xcite . hda transforms upon heating at ambient pressure to a low density ... |
among different types of magnetic interaction detected in materials , ruderman - kittle - kasuya - yosida ( rkky)@xcite mechanism , an indirect exchange interaction between two magnetic adatoms via host itinerant electrons , is one of the main reasons of coupling between magnetic impurities . this interaction is propor... |
in recent years , the hole doped rare - earth manganites are one of the most intensively studied materials , being strongly attractive to both basic research and technology due to their rich physics and potential prospects of application @xcite . most of the undoped compounds ( for example , lamno@xmath2 ) are insulato... |
the quantum nature of a mechanical device has yet to be demonstrated . manifestations of purely non - classical behavior in a linear resonator include energy quantization and the appearance of fock states ; quantum - limited position - momentum uncertainty ; and superposition and entangled states . nanomechanical reson... |
the question of interpretation of quantum gravity calculations is one of the most difficult in quantum field theory . apart from difficulties caused by the formal inapplicability of basic notions of the flat space theory , such as the asymptotic states in the standard s - matrix approach , the very notion of classical ... |
the hermes experiment at desy @xcite is a second generation polarised deep - inelastic scattering experiment to study the spin structure of the nucleon . several experiments over the last decade have provided accurate data on the polarisation asymmetry of the cross - section for _ inclusive _ scattering where only the... |
qcd thermodynamics has been extensively studied using numerical simulations with staggered or wilson fermions . however , both formulations break the chiral symmetry of the theory . the symmetry is recovered together with the lorentz symmetry as the continuum limit is approached . in the past few years a novel fermion ... |
a possible explanation for aging in biological populations is based on deleterious mutation accumulation whose effects are felt at late ages when the intensity of natural selection is lower : mutations in the genome causing diseases genetically programmed to happen at late ages will not prevent reproduction and these m... |
for @xmath15 , let @xmath0 denote the symmetric group with @xmath1 letters . the order of a permutation of @xmath0 is the least common multiple of the lengths of its cycles . let us call @xmath2 the maximal order of an element of @xmath0 . if the standard factorization of @xmath3 into primes is @xmath4 , we define @xma... |
the us naval observatory ( usno ) operated the 8-inch ( 0.2 m ) twin astrograph from 1998 to 2004 for an all - sky astrometric survey . about 2/3 of the sky was observed from the cerro tololo inter - american observatory ( ctio ) while the rest of the northern sky was observed from the naval observatory flagstaff stati... |
according to the famous result of l.poinsot @xcite , an arbitrary motion of a rigid body about a fixed point is represented by rolling without slipping of the moving hodograph of the angular velocity vector over the fixed hodograph of this vector . since these two curves viewed from the same space have at any time mome... |
the `` toomre hypothesis '' @xcite , proposes that the merger of two - gas rich spiral galaxies will form an elliptical galaxy , often with a final stellar mass larger than the sum of the progenitors . in the local universe , luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies are ideal candidates for forming massive elliptic... |
fermi liquid theory is a prototype effective theory , invented by landau in the late 1950 s @xcite . in this theory the properties of normal fermi liquids at zero temperature are encoded in a few parameters , which are related to the effective two - fermion interaction . over the years , fermi liquid theory has proven... |
in recent years , there has been intense renewed interest in light - meson transition form factors due to their potential role in the theoretical determinations of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ( see ref . @xcite for a review ) . with more and more exclusive channels contributing to the hadronic vacuum pola... |
the stellar halo of the galaxy has been studied with renewed interest since the macho ( alcock et al . 1996 ) and eros ( ansari et al . 1996 ) collaborations have reported results of their campaigns of observing micro - lensing events towards the lmc . these indicate that machos have masses typically of half a solar ma... |
from the theoretical point of view , it has been a promising hypothesis that there exists a symmetry called supersymmetry ( susy ) between bosons and fermions at the unification - energy scale @xcite . in particular , the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model ( mssm ) has been extensively studied in t... |
closed duplex dna molecules often have complex configurations , such as supercoil , and those structures play an important role in gene regulation.@xmath4 theoretical analysis about those configurations are based on the elastic rod theory . in 1859 , kirchhoff given the equilibrium shape equations of thin elastic rod a... |
very neutron - rich nuclei may emit one or more neutrons when they disintegrate via @xmath0 decay . this is the so - called @xmath0-delayed neutron ( @xmath15 ) emission process , which is energetically allowed when the q@xmath16-value of the decay exceeds the neutron separation energy ( s@xmath17 ) of the daughter nuc... |
we believe that a strong case has been developed in a series of publications ( jones 2010a - 2016 ) for an ion - proton plasma as the source of emission in radio - loud pulsars . the initial approach was to determine the plasma composition in the open magnetosphere above the polar caps in @xmath0 neutron stars from wel... |
gamma - ray emission from solar flares is generally believed to occur predominantly in compact high - density regions near the photospheric footpoints of magnetic field lines . observations of gamma - ray emission from flares whose host active regions are located behind the visible solar disk pose interesting questions... |
there has been much recent theoretical interest in the possibility that small clusters could have lowest - energy structures that are disordered or amorphous . examples have been found for model clusters interacting with long - ranged pair potentials,@xcite and a wide variety of metal clusters.@xcite for some of these ... |
big data analytics is a major topic in contemporary data management and machine learning research and practice . many platforms , e.g. , optiml @xcite , graphlab @xcite , systemml @xcite , simsql @xcite , google brain @xcite , glade @xcite and libraries , e.g. , madlib @xcite , bismarck @xcite , mllib @xcite ,... |
block copolymers ( bcp ) are heterogeneous polymers where each polymer chain is composed of several chemically distinct homopolymer blocks , connected together by a covalent bond . these polymeric systems exhibit fascinating structures in the nanometer scale and can be created by self - assembly from solutions or the m... |
quark fragmentation functions ( ffs ) are key objects for the analysis of inclusive hadron production in hard scattering processes@xcite . transverse momentum dependent ( tmd ) quark ffs , both polarized and unpolarized , are of particular importance for semi - inclusive hadron production in @xmath0 annihilation , semi... |
plasmas in magnetic - confinement - fusion plasmas are turbulent , due to the presence of strong spatial gradients . turbulence is often observed accompanied by zonal ( i.e. axisymmetric ) radial electric fields , generating poloidal exb flows in tokamaks . these zonal flows are usually constituted by two components , ... |
the basic magnetic topology of active regions is a key factor in determining their potential for producing an eruption and is a subject of intense debate . it is accepted that soft x - ray and euv loops illuminate field lines with an arcade - like topology overlying a polarity inversion line ( pil ) of the photospheric... |
until recently , a coordinate - independent definition of quantum mechanical path integrals in curved space existed only in the time - sliced formulation @xcite . this is in contrast to field - theoretic path integrals between two and four spacetime dimensions which are well - defined in continuous spacetimes by pertur... |
the evolution of cellular networks is constantly progressing towards increased heterogeneity of network infrastructure , in order to respond to the ever increasing traffic demands . from homogeneous cellular networks consisting of macro base stations only to heterogeneous cellular networks consisting of multiple types ... |
[ sec : intro ] the formation and nature of the first generation of so - called population iii ( pop iii ) stars have been studied and speculated about for over thirty years ( schwarzschild & spitzer 1953 ; yoneyama 1972 ; hartquist & cameron 1977 ; palla , salpeter & stahler 1983 ; silk 1983 ; and many others ) , b... |
increasingly often , researchers are confronted with monitoring the states of nodes in large computer , social , or power networks where these states dynamically change due to viruses , rumors , or failures that propagate according to the graph topology @xcite . this class of network dynamics has been extensively model... |
many young stars exhibit emission from circumstellar dust particles distributed in disks with properties similar to the early solar system , and much activity is currently devoted to characterizing the physical properties of these disks to extract information on planet formation . observations at millimeter wavelengths... |
we consider accretion disks of bodies in formation when the differential rotation drags around magnetic field lines . although the moving magnetic fields inevitably generate electric fields , the resulting emfs are perpendicular to the magnetic fields in the perfect conduction approximation . such emfs do not accelerat... |
in this paper we discuss the dynamics of a relativistic string in constant curvature spacetimes , using a combination of geometrical methods and physical insight . the kind of problems we are interested in here and the way of reasoning , historically had the origin in investigations of the motion of vortices in a super... |
dynamical simulations of large systems of spins or particles should in principle lead to the same information as statistical simulations generating a canonical ensemble . although the energy is conserved one can determine the temperature for a system consisting of kinetic and potential energy the temperature by the ave... |
imagine a number of processes all need to use a particular resource for a period of time . each process @xmath4 specifies a starting time @xmath5 and a finishing time @xmath6 between which it needs to continuously occupy the resource . the resource can not be shared by two processes at any instance . one is required to... |
the natural outcome of cosmological structure formation theory is equilibrated dark matter ( dm ) structures . according to numerical simulations , the mass density profile , @xmath2 , of these structures changes from something with a fairly shallow profile in the central region , @xmath3 ( or maybe zero ) , to somethi... |
the main injector particle production experiment ( fnal e-907 , mipp ) @xcite is situated in the meson center beamline at fermilab . it received its approval @xcite in november 2001 and has installed both the experiment and a newly designed secondary beamline in the interim . it received its first beams in march 2004... |
the first stars are expected to be cosmologically significant from at least two sets of observations of the high - redshift ( @xmath2 ) intergalactic medium ( igm ) : ( 1 ) hydrogen reionization at @xmath3 @xcite , and ( 2 ) the persistent metallicity ( @xmath4 ) seen in ly@xmath5 clouds up to @xmath6 @xcite . in princ... |
a well known problem in model reduction for partial differential equations ( pdes ) is the so - called _ stable model reduction _ problem . the goal is to use galerkin projection onto a suitable set of modes to reduce pdes to a small system of ordinary differential equations ( odes ) , while maintaining the main charac... |
in the recent opera neutrino experiment at gran sasso laboratory , superluminal propagation of neutrinos was reportedly observed @xcite . since then lots of explanations of this surprising result have emerged , e.g. discussions on ( the inconsistencies of ) tachyons @xcite , on ( the problematic relation with ) astrop... |
suppose @xmath1 are separable hilbert spaces ; we will denote by @xmath2 the space of bounded linear operators @xmath3 and @xmath4 . the numerical range of an operator @xmath5 is the set @xmath6 much is known about this set ; for example , it is convex , in the finite - dimensional case it is compact , and if @xmath7 i... |
the classification of finite - dimensional simple lie algebras by cartan and killing is one of the mile stones of modern mathematics . the study of these algebras is essentially reduced to that of root systems and their weyl groups , and all their geometric content is contained in cartan matrices and visualised in dynk... |
vertex - degree sequences achievable by simple graphs are well - understood and characterized e.g. @xcite offers seven equivalent characterizations . by contrast , vertex - degree sequences achievable by simple _ hypergraphs _ are poorly understood , even for @xmath0-uniform hypergraphs ( @xmath0-families ) , even for ... |
anyons @xcite are two - dimensional particles whose wave function @xmath0 obeys the interchange conditions @xmath1 where @xmath2 denotes continuous anticlockwise interchange of particles @xmath3 and @xmath4 , such that no other particles are encircled , and @xmath5 is the statistics parameter , which may be any real nu... |
understanding the electronic excitation and nuclear motion in laser - molecular interaction is of vital importance in controlling the formation and fracture of chemical bonds with laser fields @xcite . for more than two decades , many efforts have been made to study the dissociation of small molecules exposed to variou... |
polaritons in semiconductor microcavities have opened the door to the study of nonlinear phenomena in fluids of light @xcite . one of their main properties is their ability to spontaneously accumulate in the same quantum state above a certain excitation density threshold , giving rise to the phenomenon of polariton la... |
as the first strong inelastic threshold of the nucleon nucleon system , pion production in @xmath1 collisions has attracted a large number of theoretical as well as experimental works . due to advances in the experimental methods measurements in the threshold region became possible in the beginning of the 1990ies , an... |
the orion kleinmann - low ( kl ; * ? ? ? * ) region is known to be the nearest site of high - mass star - formation at a distance of 420 pc from the sun @xcite . there are numbers of deeply embedded young stellar objects ( ysos ) detected in x - ray , infrared , and radio wavelengths . in particular , high resolution ... |
consider a @xmath0-parameter analytic family of analytic plane vector fields @xmath1 , @xmath2 , such that @xmath3 has a @xmath4-saddle cycle ( a hyperbolic @xmath4-graphic ) @xmath5 , as on fig.[cycles ] . the cyclicity @xmath6 of @xmath5 is , roughly speaking , the maximal number of limit cycles of @xmath1 which tend... |
observations of quasi periodic oscillations ( qpos ) in the x - ray fluxes from low - mass x - ray binaries ( lmxb ) , which are believed to be due to the orbital motion of matter in an accretion disk , raised hopes concerning observational constraints on the equation of state ( eos ) of matter at supranuclear densitie... |
one of the fundamental properties of superconductors is ideal diamagnetism in magnetic fields smaller than the first critical field ( @xmath6 ) , the so - called meissner effect . however , a number of measurements carried out in superconductors has revealed a paramagnetic signal in the temperature dependence of the ma... |
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