review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD003664 | [
"12642834",
"10981524",
"9279143",
"7562275",
"10452771",
"9062633",
"1447641",
"1586005",
"21055664"
] | [
"The effect of hydrolyzed cow's milk formula for allergy prevention in the first year of life: the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study, a randomized double-blind trial.",
"Comparison of a partially hydrolyzed infant formula with two extensively hydrolyzed formulas for allergy prevention: a prospective, r... | [
"The potential of extensively or partially hydrolyzed formulas to reduce the risks for allergies is controversial.\n We sought to assess the preventive effect of differently hydrolyzed formulas compared with cow's milk formula (CMF) in high-risk infants.\n Between 1995 and 1998, 2252 i... | There is no evidence to support feeding with a hydrolysed formula for the prevention of allergy compared to exclusive breast feeding. In high risk infants who are unable to be completely breast fed, there is limited evidence that prolonged feeding with a hydrolysed formula compared to a cow's milk formula reduces infan... |
CD003823 | [
"8198936",
"7608310",
"16647628",
"19225038",
"12435255",
"10480473",
"10338459",
"7662226",
"11855793"
] | [
"Dose finding studies with imidapril--a new ACE inhibitor.",
"Tricenter assessment of the efficacy of the ACE inhibitor, moexipril, by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.",
"Pharmaceutical care program for patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Report of a double-blind clinical trial with ambulatory blood p... | [
"1. We describe an approach involving a smaller, shorter study, leading onto a longer, larger study in which the antihypertensive effects of ascending doses of imidapril, a new ACE inhibitor, were investigated. Both studies were planned prospectively, assuming a clinically useful fall in BP to be 8 mm Hg (s.d. = 9)... | There are no clinically meaningful BP lowering differences between different ACE inhibitors. The BP lowering effect of ACE inhibitors is modest; the magnitude of trough BP lowering at one-half the manufacturers' maximum recommended dose and above is -8/-5 mm Hg. Furthermore, 60 to 70% of this trough BP lowering effect ... |
CD004452 | [
"10819855",
"2197860",
"10972368",
"2380510",
"9578274",
"3533134",
"3550455",
"6540986",
"9688484"
] | [
"An oxytocin receptor antagonist (atosiban) in the treatment of preterm labor: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with tocolytic rescue.",
"A comparison of tocolysis with nifedipine or ritodrine: analysis of efficacy and maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcome.",
"Morbidity and mortality in pati... | [
"This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban in the treatment of preterm labor.\n A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with tocolytic rescue was designed. Five hundred thirty-one patients were randomized to receive, and 501... | This review failed to demonstrate the superiority of atosiban over betamimetics or placebo in terms of tocolytic efficacy or infant outcomes. The finding of an increase in infant deaths in one placebo controlled trial warrants caution. A recent Cochrane review suggests that calcium channel blockers (mainly nifedipine) ... |
CD008127 | [
"20163990",
"19255407",
"11006365",
"12926838",
"19797261",
"16510745",
"8602746",
"9820297",
"20150398"
] | [
"Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta.",
"GLANCE: results of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.",
"Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first... | [
"Daclizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody, reduced multiple sclerosis disease activity in previous non-randomised studies. We aimed to assess whether daclizumab reduces disease activity in patients with active relapsing multiple sclerosis who are receiving interferon beta treatment.\n We did a pha... | Daclizumab is well tolerated in combination with interferon beta treated multiple sclerosis population. Comparing with placebo, high-dose daclizumab can significantly decreased the number of new or enlarged gadolinium contrast-enhancing lesions. However, the evidence of recommendation is insufficient. More well-designe... |
CD004415 | [
"12140473",
"12775317",
"18341663",
"17034536",
"16785375",
"8977678",
"19470041",
"12582393",
"19222455"
] | [
"Photodynamic therapy using topical methyl 5-aminolevulinate compared with cryotherapy for actinic keratosis: A prospective, randomized study.",
"A comparison of photodynamic therapy using topical methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix) with single cycle cryotherapy in patients with actinic keratosis: a prospective, rand... | [
"Actinic keratoses (AKs) are the most common premalignant tumors. Without treatment, a significant number of patients with AK will experience squamous cell carcinoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using the new highly selective photosensitizer methyl 5-aminolevulinate is a promising new treatment modality for AK.\n ... | For individual lesions, photodynamic therapy appears more effective and has a better cosmetic outcome than cryotherapy. For field-directed treatments, diclofenac, 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, and ingenol mebutate had similar efficacy, but their associated adverse events and cosmetic outcomes are different. More direct co... |
CD003986 | [
"10541229",
"3892073",
"8315258",
"9109861",
"18162017",
"782141",
"10579275",
"10626340",
"9609609"
] | [
"Failure of the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist Selfotel (CGS 19755) in the treatment of severe head injury: results of two phase III clinical trials. The Selfotel Investigators.",
"Disease-specific amino acid infusion (F080) in hepatic encephalopathy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controll... | [
"Excessive activity of excitatory amino acids released after head trauma has been demonstrated to contribute to progressive injury in animal models and human studies. Several pharmacological agents that act as antagonists to the glutamate receptor have shown promise in limiting this progression. The efficacy of the... | The case for efficacy of excitatory amino acid inhibitor therapy remains unproven. To date, no product has proven to be efficacious (as determined by the criteria applied) for improving the outcomes of brain-injured patients. Early termination, unpublished, and underpowered studies limit a clear appreciation of the mer... |
CD003148 | [
"12948999",
"15066200",
"8430715",
"18515890",
"19091806",
"16509174",
"18442509",
"11784832",
"17014748"
] | [
"Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial.",
"An outreach intervention to implement evidence based practice in residential care: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN67855475].",
"Immunologic and psychologic therapy for patients ... | [
"A recent Cochrane review of reality orientation therapy identified the need for large, well-designed, multi-centre trials.\n To test the hypothesis that cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) for older people with dementia would benefit cognition and quality of life.\n A single-blind, mu... | Currently no clear evidence exists on the best psychological interventions to help people with CF and their carers manage the disease. Trials of interventions to improve adherence to treatment are needed. Multicentre approaches, with consequent funding implications, will increase the sample size of trials and enhance t... |
CD005307 | [
"9722255",
"12969999",
"2267922",
"10212082",
"9864001",
"16387583",
"16556691",
"10095821",
"7638372"
] | [
"Efficacy of sequential early systemic and inhaled corticosteroid therapy in the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity.",
"A randomized controlled trial of inhaled flunisolide in the management of acute asthma in children.",
"Placebo controlled trial of systemic corticosteroids in acute childhood as... | [
"In order to assess the efficacy of a combination of systemic and nebulized corticosteroids in reducing the incidence and severity of chronic lung disease (CLD) in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants, 60 ventilator-dependent infants < or = 1500 g were randomly assigned to receive either steroids or placebo as of 7 ... | In steroid-naive patients with mild to moderate airway obstruction, the combination of ICS and LABA does not significantly reduce the risk of patients with exacerbations requiring rescue oral corticosteroids over that achieved with a similar dose of ICS alone. However, it significantly improves lung function, reduces s... |
CD009490 | [
"8427642",
"8502770",
"11933280",
"16750060",
"1760125",
"11905977",
"19374691",
"10645116",
"11933303"
] | [
"Seeking quality care for patients with pressure ulcers.",
"The role of support surfaces and patient attributes in preventing pressure ulcers in elderly patients.",
"Randomised controlled trial of two pressure-relieving systems.",
"Pressure relieving support surfaces: a randomised evaluation.",
"Prevention ... | [
"Improving quality care for patients with pressure ulcers resulted in a two-year intensive effort to educate staff, keep morale high, standardize care plans by stage of ulcer, and participate in a comparison study of two support surfaces (Thera-Pulse, Kinetic Concepts and Geo-Matt, SpanAmerica). When all pressure u... | There is no conclusive evidence about the superiority of any support surface for the treatment of existing pressure ulcers. Methodological issues included variations in outcomes measured, sample sizes and comparison groups. Many studies had small sample sizes and often there was inadequate description of the interventi... |
CD004371 | [
"16342302",
"17101639",
"17261454",
"14748894",
"15659884",
"11502614",
"15867495",
"6908098",
"9717348"
] | [
"Effect of intervention through a pharmaceutical care program on patient adherence with prescribed once-daily atorvastatin.",
"Effect of a pharmacy care program on medication adherence and persistence, blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Electronic monitori... | [
"Correct execution of prescribed dosing regimen(s) is essential for patients to benefit from lipid lowering treatments. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of a pharmaceutical care program on the adherence of once-daily atorvastatin treatment in patients with elevated cholesterol levels.\n ... | At this stage, reminding patients seems the most promising intervention to increase adherence to lipid lowering drugs. The lack of a gold standard method of measuring adherence is one major barrier in adherence research. More reliable data might be achieved by newer methods of measurement, more consistency in adherence... |
CD006517 | [
"14668455",
"19036752",
"20515418",
"12001042",
"17310820",
"15980691",
"15876285",
"11504984",
"14526206"
] | [
"Comparison of sequential three-drug regimens as initial therapy for HIV-1 infection.",
"High rate of early virological failure with the once-daily tenofovir/lamivudine/nevirapine combination in naive HIV-1-infected patients.",
"Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine maintenance after standard induction in antiretrovir... | [
"The optimal sequencing of antiretroviral regimens for the treatment of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is unknown. We compared several different antiretroviral treatment strategies.\n This multicenter, randomized, partially double-blind trial used a factorial design to com... | There is limited evidence to evaluate second-line therapies in patients with HIV who fail first-line treatment with a WHO-recommended regimen. One randomised trial in 136 patients and two observational studies (both of low quality) suggest no difference in virological suppression whether or not lamivudine is maintained... |
CD004002 | [
"11377600",
"12463616",
"12678188",
"12593490",
"10873185",
"861482",
"6733063",
"8262083",
"10491060"
] | [
"Frequency and prevention of symptomless deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights: a randomised trial.",
"Prevention of edema, flight microangiopathy and venous thrombosis in long flights with elastic stockings. A randomized trial: The LONFLIT 4 Concorde Edema-SSL Study.",
"The LONFLIT4--Concorde Deep Venous T... | [
"The true frequency of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) during long-haul air travel is unknown. We sought to determine the frequency of DVT in the lower limb during long-haul economy-class air travel and the efficacy of graduated elastic compression stockings in its prevention.\n We recruited 89 male and 1... | Airline passengers similar to those in this review can expect a substantial reduction in the incidence of symptomless DVT and leg oedema if they wear compression stockings. We cannot assess the effect of wearing stockings on death, pulmonary embolus or symptomatic DVT because no such events occurred in these trials. Ra... |
CD006165 | [
"8621013",
"19488999",
"21088056",
"18397986",
"15386806",
"8077888",
"19008007",
"8745203",
"19123322"
] | [
"Small doses of subcutaneous insulin as a strategy for preventing slowly progressive beta-cell failure in islet cell antibody-positive patients with clinical features of NIDDM.",
"Protective effects of 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 on residual beta-cell function in patients with adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes... | [
"We report a pilot study to determine the preventive effect of small doses of insulin injected subcutaneously on slowly progressive beta-cell damage in islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive patients with apparent NIDDM. Ten NIDDM patients who were ICA' were divided into two groups of five. In the insulin group (age: 5... | Two studies show SU leading to earlier insulin dependence and a meta-analysis of four studies with considerable heterogeneity showed poorer metabolic control if SU is prescribed for patients with LADA compared to insulin. One study showed that vitamin D with insulin may protect pancreatic beta cells in LADA. Novel trea... |
CD006830 | [
"623512",
"2141299",
"2138684",
"8129762",
"11889661",
"2524114",
"1833813",
"12966259",
"18796160"
] | [
"Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride effect on skeletal muscle spasm in the lumbar region and neck: two double-blind controlled clinical and laboratory studies.",
"Cyclobenzaprine and naproxen versus naproxen alone in the treatment of acute low back pain and muscle spasm.",
"[Results of a double-blind study of diclof... | [
"A new drug, Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril), was compared with diazepam (Valium) and placebo in double-blind trials for efficacy in treating spasms and pain in the neck and low back. Complex recording methods involving clinical evaluations (graded), patient self-ratings, goniometry, motion analysis by com... | There was insufficient evidence to support the use of cyclobenzaprine in the treatment of MP. We identified only two small studies in which a total of 35 participants were given cyclobenzaprine, and it was not possible to estimate risks for benefits or harms. Further high quality RCTs of cyclobenzaprine for treating MP... |
CD005050 | [
"18187561",
"11994246",
"11032163",
"12672859",
"15612969",
"16297507",
"9738606",
"12236277",
"12145718"
] | [
"Influenza vaccination in secondary prevention from coronary ischaemic events in coronary artery disease: FLUCAD study.",
"Influenza vaccine pilot study in acute coronary syndromes and planned percutaneous coronary interventions: the FLU Vaccination Acute Coronary Syndromes (FLUVACS) Study.",
"Influenza vaccina... | [
"To evaluate the effect of influenza vaccination on the coronary events in patients with confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD).\n Randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. We included 658 optimally treated CAD patients; 477 men, mean age 59.9+/-10.3 years. Three hundred and twenty-five pa... | Despite the significant effect noted in the studies, we concluded that there are not enough data to evaluate the effect of vaccination on coronary heart disease. |
CD000096 | [
"2880214",
"56650",
"451497",
"2436359",
"2310658",
"1189985",
"360495",
"495045",
"10229720"
] | [
"Double-blind randomised trial of intravenous glycerol in acute stroke.",
"Double-blind trial of glycerol therapy in early stroke.",
"[Treatment with 10% glycerin in acute ischemic cerebral infarct. Doubleblind study].",
"Glycerol and dextran combined in the therapy of acute stroke. A placebo-controlled, doub... | [
"The effects of intravenous glycerol in elderly patients with recent onset of acute ischaemic stroke were evaluated in a double-blind randomised controlled trial. 173 patients received either 500 ml of a 10% solution of glycerol in physiological saline or 500 ml of physiological saline administered intravenously ov... | This systematic review suggests a favourable effect of glycerol treatment on short term survival in patients with probable or definite ischaemic stroke but the confidence intervals were wide and the magnitude of the treatment effect may be only minimal. Due to the relatively small number of patients, and that the trial... |
CD003435 | [
"19269254",
"17690310",
"17690311",
"16766370",
"16112300",
"2651586",
"2658880",
"10471432",
"9462389"
] | [
"Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery infarction with Life-threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomised trial.",
"Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery (DESTINY... | [
"Patients with space-occupying hemispheric infarctions have a poor prognosis, with case fatality rates of up to 80%. In a pooled analysis of randomised trials, surgical decompression within 48 h of stroke onset reduced case fatality and improved functional outcome; however, the effect of surgery after longer interv... | Surgical decompression lowers the risk of death and death or severe disability defined as mRS > 4 in selected patients 60 years of age or younger with a massive hemispheric infarction and oedema. Optimum criteria for patient selection and for timing of decompressive surgery are yet to be defined. Since survival may be ... |
CD004587 | [
"15464315",
"12900339",
"14744971",
"16286586",
"15723977",
"14769686",
"17584571",
"14724301",
"16160130"
] | [
"High-dose 7-hexanoyltaxol-eluting stent with polymer sleeves for coronary revascularization: one-year results from the SCORE randomized trial.",
"Randomized study to assess the effectiveness of slow- and moderate-release polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents for coronary artery lesions.",
"Inhibition of rest... | [
"The Study to COmpare REstenosis Rate between QueST and QuaDDS-QP2 (SCORE) trial was a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial comparing the safety and performance of 13- and 17-mm QuaDDS stents (n = 126) (Quanam Medical Corp., Santa Clara, California/Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts) versus uncoate... | Drug-eluting stents releasing sirolimus, paclitaxel, dexamethasone and zotarolimus reduce composite cardiac events. However, this reduction is due largely to reductions in repeat revascularisation rates as there is no evidence of a significant effect on rates of death, MI or thrombosis. The increased cost of drug-eluti... |
CD000017 | [
"8219559",
"12183860",
"10098823",
"11401128",
"11792138",
"8298916",
"11666130",
"9655655",
"11152857"
] | [
"Surgery or balloon angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease: a randomized clinical trial. Principal investigators and their Associates of Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Number 199.",
"Balloon angioplasty versus bypass grafting in the era of coronary stenting.",
"Behavioral effects of a comprehens... | [
"Surgical revascularization and angioplasty (PTA) are effective therapies for patients with peripheral arterial disease, but there are no data on long-term survival, limb salvage, and hemodynamic status from a randomized study of such patients. A multicenter, prospective trial compared PTA with bypass surgery (BP) ... | These limited results suggest that angioplasty may have had a short term benefit, but this may not have been sustained. |
CD003498 | [
"16555138",
"12410073",
"20804366",
"12168688",
"15482502",
"16920077",
"20683766",
"10832772",
"20806998"
] | [
"The gluten-free, casein-free diet in autism: results of a preliminary double blind clinical trial.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of porcine versus synthetic secretin for reducing symptoms of autism.",
"Randomized controlled trial of acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in autism spectr... | [
"This study tested the efficacy of a gluten-free and casein-free (GFCF) diet in treating autism using a randomized, double blind repeated measures crossover design. The sample included 15 children aged 2-16 years with autism spectrum disorder. Data on autistic symptoms and urinary peptide levels were collected in t... | Research has shown of high rates of use of complementary and alternative therapies (CAM) for children with autism including gluten and/or casein exclusion diets. Current evidence for efficacy of these diets is poor. Large scale, good quality randomised controlled trials are needed. |
CD001302 | [
"11384805",
"14585874",
"8005278",
"17313946",
"9806261",
"8612863",
"7593499",
"2427448",
"19079957"
] | [
"Intravenous albumin versus hydroxyethyl starch for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation in an in-vitro fertilization programme: a prospective randomized placebo controlled study.",
"Intravenous albumin does not prevent moderate-severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in high-risk IVF patients: a randomize... | [
"A prospective randomized placebo controlled clinical trial was carried out on 250 patients (cycles) considered at risk of developing OHSS in an IVF programme. Criteria for inclusion were: estradiol value of more than 3000 pg/ml or the presence of more than 20 follicles on the day of hCG administration. Patients we... | There is limited evidence of benefit from intra-venous albumin administration at the time of oocyte retrieval in the prevention or reduction of the incidence of severe OHSS in high risk women undergoing IVF or ICSI treatment cycles. Hydroxyethyl starch markedly decreases the incidence of severe OHSS. |
CD008096 | [
"19032398",
"7555937",
"1298056",
"16708735",
"12796072",
"10768245",
"16440428",
"16897270",
"10223359"
] | [
"Randomized study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tubes for enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients treated with (chemo)radiation.",
"Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): comparison of push and pull methods and evaluation of antibiotic prophylaxis.",
"Feeding via nasogas... | [
"Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes have largely replaced nasogastric tubes (NGT) for nutritional support of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing curative (chemo)radiotherapy without any good scientific basis. A randomized trial was conducted to compare PEG tubes and NGT in terms of nutritiona... | PEG was associated with a lower probability of intervention failure, suggesting the endoscopic procedure is more effective and safe as compared to NGT. There is no significant difference of mortality rates between comparison groups, and pneumonia irrespective of underlying disease (medical diagnosis). Future studies sh... |
CD007772 | [
"9580172",
"9642605",
"8238130",
"2206065",
"11236113",
"3046651",
"8238160",
"8245589",
"2669154"
] | [
"Administration of antibiotics to patients with rupture of membranes at term: a prospective, randomized, multicentric study. Collaborative Group on PROM.",
"Antibiotic treatment in preterm labor and intact membranes: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Antibiotic treatment of preterm labo... | [
"To assess whether antibiotic administration changes the rate of materno-fetal infectious morbidity in premature rupture of membranes occurring later than 35 weeks of gestation.\n A prospective, randomized and multicentric study in the Perinatology Units of eleven hospitals in Spain. Women were rando... | Current evidence indicates that compared to placebo, antibiotics for MSAF in labour may reduce chorioamnionitis. There was no evidence that antibiotics could reduce postpartum endometritis, neonatal sepsis and NICU admission. This systematic review identifies the need for more well-designed, adequately powered RCTs to ... |
CD003477 | [
"11730399",
"7823387",
"10391656",
"9746022",
"15161896",
"12161081",
"16505433",
"16793995",
"2304219"
] | [
"Reported methodologic quality and discrepancies between large and small randomized trials in meta-analyses.",
"Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials.",
"Impact of study quality on outcome in placebo-controlled trials... | [
"To explore whether reported methodologic quality affects estimated intervention effects in randomized trials and contributes to discrepancies between the results of large randomized trials and small randomized trials in meta-analyses.\n Meta-analyses of randomized trials that included at least one l... | The methodological quality and the reporting of the included studies were too poor to draw any useful conclusions. |
CD003047 | [
"10928571",
"7675964",
"12644958",
"10757573",
"7633974",
"10214735",
"7590022",
"9175947",
"11248591"
] | [
"Chronic effects of dopaminergic replacement on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: a two-year follow-up study of previously untreated patients.",
"Benzodiazepine receptor antagonism improves reaction time in latent hepatic encephalopathy.",
"The efficacy of flumazenil in subclinical to mild hepatic ence... | [
"The cognitive effects of dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease (PD) are still controversial.\n To evaluate, in previously untreated patients with PD, whether chronic dopaminergic stimulation produces significant cognitive changes; whether they are sustained beyond the period of a few months;... | This review does not provide evidence that dopaminergic agonists are of benefit to patients with acute or chronic hepatic encephalopathy, or fulminant hepatic failure. The review is limited by the small number of trials performed within this field, the low number of patients randomised in each trial, and the low method... |
CD001256 | [
"8238713",
"17940147",
"11850308",
"11796769",
"19234513",
"15105515",
"19109444",
"11207837",
"21436390"
] | [
"Prevention of running injuries by warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises.",
"No effect of a graded training program on the number of running-related injuries in novice runners: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Intensive physical training in geriatric patients after severe falls and hip surgery.",
"Com... | [
"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a health education intervention on running injuries. The intervention consisted of information on, and the subsequent performance of, standardized warm-up, cool-down, and stretching exercises. Four hundred twenty-one male recreational runners were matched for... | Overall, the evidence base for the effectiveness of interventions to reduce soft-tissue injury after intensive running is very weak, with few trials at low risk of bias. More well-designed and reported RCTs are needed that test interventions in recreational and competitive runners. |
CD003085 | [
"12414200",
"11022066",
"16130206",
"10690979",
"2407050",
"7648155",
"9105740",
"7121779",
"17690310"
] | [
"International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a randomised trial.",
"Outcomes of early endovascular versus surgical treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms. A prospective randomized study.",
"Compar... | [
"Endovascular detachable coil treatment is being increasingly used as an alternative to craniotomy and clipping for some ruptured intracranial aneurysms, although the relative benefits of these two approaches have yet to be established. We undertook a randomised, multicentre trial to compare the safety and efficacy... | The evidence comes mainly from one large trial. For patients in good clinical condition with ruptured aneurysms of either the anterior or posterior circulation we have firm evidence that, if the aneurysm is considered suitable for both surgical clipping and endovascular treatment, coiling is associated with a better ou... |
CD004778 | [
"19430829",
"11882751",
"8757375",
"15570204",
"15457380",
"11793255",
"11501505",
"6851752",
"11281486"
] | [
"Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open repair of the perforated peptic ulcer: the LAMA Trial.",
"Laparoscopic repair for perforated peptic ulcer: a randomized controlled trial.",
"A randomized study comparing laparoscopic versus open repair of perforated peptic ulcer using suture or sutureless t... | [
"Laparoscopic surgery has become popular during the last decade, mainly because it is associated with fewer postoperative complications than the conventional open approach. It remains unclear, however, if this benefit is observed after laparoscopic correction of perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). The goal of the presen... | This review suggests that a decrease in septic abdominal complications may exist when laparoscopic surgery is used to correct perforated peptic ulcer. However, it is necessary to perform more randomized controlled trials with a greater number of patients to confirm such an assumption, guaranteeing a long learning curve... |
CD000323 | [
"16708735",
"16361020",
"20667840",
"15733717",
"9739036",
"21290830",
"20138037",
"16544087",
"21441148"
] | [
"A prospective comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding in patients with acute dysphagic stroke.",
"Behavioural intervention for dysphagia in acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Does looped nasogastric tube feeding improve nutritional delivery for patients with ... | [
"Dysphagia following stroke is common problem and is of particular concern because of its potental for malnutrition. Nasogastric (NG) and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube feeding are recognized methods for nutritional support for patients with persistent neurologic dysphagia. However, the former is as... | There remains insufficient data on the effect of swallowing therapy, feeding, and nutritional and fluid supplementation on functional outcome and death in dysphagic patients with acute or subacute stroke. Behavioural interventions and acupuncture reduced dysphagia, and pharyngeal electrical stimulation reduced pharynge... |
CD003535 | [
"3530643",
"6219156",
"16387583",
"20001651",
"2874221",
"7439516",
"8121733",
"2879458",
"2267922"
] | [
"Reduction of nocturnal asthma by an inhaled anticholinergic drug.",
"Anticholinergic and sympathomimetic combination therapy of asthma.",
"Response profiles to fluticasone and montelukast in mild-to-moderate persistent childhood asthma.",
"Predicting short term response to anti-inflammatory therapy in young ... | [
"Although the mechanisms of nocturnal asthma are still uncertain, increased vagal cholinergic tone may be contributory factor. To examine this hypothesis, we have studied the effect of an anticholinergic drug, oxitropium bromide, on the early morning fall in peak expiratory flow (PEF) in patients with nocturnal ast... | The present review summarises the best evidence available to date. Although there were some small beneficial findings in favour of anticholinergic therapy, there is insufficient data to support the use of anticholinergic drugs in the maintenance treatment of chronic asthma in children. |
CD004325 | [
"19181969",
"10424554",
"12130413",
"11307071",
"18056488",
"15122134",
"10401657",
"2684990",
"20148940"
] | [
"Treatment with and without initial stabilizing surgery for primary traumatic patellar dislocation. A prospective randomized study.",
"Prospective randomized clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of immediate arthroscopic stabilization versus immobilization and rehabilitation in first traumatic anterior disl... | [
"There is no consensus about the management of acute primary traumatic patellar dislocation in young physically active adults. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes after treatment with and without initial stabilizing surgery for primary traumatic patellar dislocation in young adults.\n ... | Limited evidence supports primary surgery for young adults, usually male, engaged in highly demanding physical activities who have sustained their first acute traumatic shoulder dislocation. There is no evidence available to determine which treatment is better for other patient groups.
Sufficiently powered, good qualit... |
CD002865 | [
"8018638",
"9794673",
"1448266",
"9764616",
"10535343",
"15672012",
"3168450",
"11004356",
"3170699"
] | [
"Mifepristone for labour induction after previous caesarean section.",
"The effects of mifepristone on cervical ripening and labor induction in primigravidae.",
"Labor induction in women at term with mifepristone (RU 486): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.",
"Cervical ripening with mifepri... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of mifepristone in women undergoing induction of labour at term after previous caesarean section.\n A prospective double blind placebo controlled trial.\n Thirty-two women at term (after 37.5 weeks' amenorrhea) who had had a previous caesarean de... | There is insufficient information available from clinical trials to support the use of mifepristone to induce labour. However, the studies suggest that mifepristone is better than placebo in reducing the likelihood of caesarean sections being performed for failed induction of labour; therefore, this may justify future ... |
CD001180 | [
"8671131",
"15580451",
"1390143",
"9228227",
"16984453",
"9682649",
"3528240",
"14681639",
"18663117"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of electromagnetic therapy in the primary care management of venous leg ulceration.",
"[Venous leg ulcers: no improvement of wound healing with 685-nm low level laser therapy. Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study].",
"A portable pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) de... | [
"The aim was to establish the potential efficacy, tolerability and side-effect profile of electromagnetic therapy as an adjunct to conventional dressings in the treatment of venous leg ulcers.\n A prospective, randomized, double blind controlled clinical trial was carried out in a dedicated leg ulcer... | The trials evaluating US for venous leg ulcers are small, poor-quality and heterogeneous. There is no reliable evidence that US hastens healing of venous ulcers. There is a small amount of weak evidence of increased healing with US, but this requires confirmation in larger, high-quality RCTs. There is no evidence of a ... |
CD003004 | [
"20156348",
"12357146",
"16888706",
"14648727",
"16237744",
"12190747",
"16155038",
"10781452",
"19135997"
] | [
"Goal-directed intraoperative therapy based on autocalibrated arterial pressure waveform analysis reduces hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients: a randomized, controlled trial.",
"Goal-directed intraoperative fluid administration reduces length of hospital stay after major surgery.",
"Randomized clinical... | [
"Several studies have shown that goal-directed hemodynamic and fluid optimization may result in improved outcome. However, the methods used were either invasive or had other limitations. The aim of this study was to perform intraoperative goal-directed therapy with a minimally invasive, easy to use device (FloTrac/... | Invasive methods of fluid optimization during surgery may shorten hospital stay, but their effects on other important, patient-centred, longer-term outcomes are uncertain. Adverse effects on fatality cannot be excluded. Other fluid optimization techniques have not been evaluated. The lack of randomized studies of adequ... |
CD003628 | [
"8938179",
"9197351",
"12297843",
"10098582",
"10798755",
"17532088",
"2119446",
"1727754",
"7843707"
] | [
"Pilot-controlled trial of the extracorporeal liver assist device in acute liver failure.",
"The Nordic multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial of prophylactic ursodeoxycholic acid in liver transplant patients.",
"Albumin dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: a prospective, co... | [
"The objective of this pilot controlled study was to evaluate the extracorporeal liver assist device (ELAD) in patients with acute liver failure who were judged to still have a significant chance of survival (approximately 50%) and in those who had already fulfilled criteria for transplantation. Twenty-four patient... | This Review indicates that artificial support systems may reduce mortality in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Artificial and bioartificial support systems did not appear to affect mortality in acute liver failure. However, considering the strength of the evidence additional randomised clinical trials are needed before ... |
CD000511 | [
"8516091",
"2000109",
"9120744",
"2007937",
"10021717",
"2187176",
"2117205",
"1993961",
"9200358"
] | [
"Prophylactic administration of calf lung surfactant extract is more effective than early treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates of 29 through 32 weeks' gestation.",
"A comparison of surfactant as immediate prophylaxis and as rescue therapy in newborns of less than 30 weeks' gestation.",
"Prophy... | [
"Although numerous trials have demonstrated the efficacy of exogenous surfactant for prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), optimum timing of administration remains controversial. One previous study showed that administration of calf lung surfactant extract immediately following b... | Prophylactic intratracheal administration of animal derived surfactant extract to infants judged to be at risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome has been demonstrated to improve clinical outcome. Infants who receive prophylactic animal derived surfactant extract have a decreased risk of pneumothorax, a decrea... |
CD006319 | [
"12473883",
"16007352",
"10344682",
"15543373",
"14972218",
"15368794",
"12548410",
"9407981",
"12972959"
] | [
"A randomized, controlled trial of fibrin glue vs. conventional treatment for anal fistula.",
"Controlled, randomized trial of island flap anoplasty for treatment of trans-sphincteric fistula-in-ano: early results.",
"Repair of fistulas-in-ano using autologous fibrin tissue adhesive.",
"Radiofrequency fistulo... | [
"Fibrin glue is a novel treatment for anal fistulas and possesses many advantages in the treatment of difficult high fistulas. Fibrin glue treatment is simple and repeatable; failure does not compromise further treatment options; and sphincter function is preserved. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with... | There are very few randomized controlled trials comparing the various modalities of surgery for fistula in ano. While post operative pain, time to healing and discharge from hospital affect quality of life, recurrence and incontinence are the most important. As it turns out, there seems to be no major difference betwee... |
CD002738 | [
"10027430",
"9850359",
"10983616",
"12475833",
"17587425",
"16032934",
"11266239",
"17254760",
"12063520"
] | [
"Hydrofluoroalkane-134a beclomethasone dipropionate, 400 microg, is as effective as chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate, 800 microg, for the treatment of moderate asthma.",
"Efficacy of chlorofluorocarbon-free beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms day-1 delivered as an extrafine aerosol in adults ... | [
"The improved lung deposition of hydrofluoroalkane-134a beclomethasone dipropionate (HFA-BDP) extrafine aerosol compared with chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate (CFC-BDP) suggests that lower doses of HFA-BDP may be required to provide equivalent asthma control. The present study was undertaken to test t... | This review has quantified the efficacy of CFC-BDP and HFA-BDP in the treatment of chronic asthma and strongly supports its use. Current asthma guidelines recommend titration of dose to individual patient response, but the published data provide little support for dose titration above 400 mcg/d in patients with mild to... |
CD001718 | [
"3512622",
"354331",
"7172160",
"354325",
"345313",
"4994687",
"4608506",
"5030483",
"4599422"
] | [
"A controlled clinical trial of fluspirilene, a long-acting injectable neuroleptic, in schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation.",
"Double-blind therapeutic evaluation of fluspirilene compared with fluphenazine decanoate in chronic schizophrenics.",
"A double-blind comparison of fluspirilene and fluphenaz... | [
"A 4-week double-blind controlled clinical trial was carried out in which fluspirilene, an injectable diphenylbutylpiperidine neuroleptic given weekly, was compared to chlorpromazine in the treatment of 40 newly admitted schizophrenic patients with acute exacerbation. Similar therapeutic improvement was obtained wi... | Participant numbers in each comparison were small and we found no clear differences between fluspirilene and oral medication or other depots. The choice of whether to use fluspirilene as a depot medication and whether it has advantages over other depots cannot, at present, be informed by trial-derived data. Well-conduc... |
CD004816 | [
"15111846",
"15325833",
"16034009",
"17283260",
"11277825",
"12814710",
"12479764",
"15326073",
"16801565"
] | [
"Reduction in cardiovascular events after vascular surgery with atorvastatin: a randomized trial.",
"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial.",
"Atorvastatin in pat... | [
"This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was performed to analyze the effect of atorvastatin compared with placebo on the occurrence of a 6-month composite of cardiovascular events after vascular surgery. Cardiovascular complications are the most important cause of perioperativ... | Reductions in all-cause mortality, major vascular events and revascularisations were found with no excess of adverse events among people without evidence of CVD treated with statins. |
CD007912 | [
"15940775",
"11409662",
"17443749",
"10955337",
"11850308",
"9858441",
"16048421",
"17139639",
"15006216"
] | [
"The effects of an exercise program for older adults with osteoarthritis of the hip.",
"Primary care-based physical activity programs: effectiveness in sedentary older patients with osteoarthritis symptoms.",
"Physical activity for osteoarthritis management: a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating hyd... | [
". Evaluation of an 8-week exercise program with strength training and lifestyle advice for older adults with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip. Outcome measures were pain, hip function, disability, quality of life (QOL), and body mass index (BMI).\n Inclusion criteria for this randomized controlled tri... | The limited number and small sample size of the included RCTs restricts the confidence that can be attributed to these results. Adequately powered RCTs evaluating exercise programs specifically designed for people with symptomatic hip OA need to be conducted. |
CD008948 | [
"21187618",
"14977302",
"20102063",
"19893466",
"17262145",
"14600693",
"16674744",
"19840635",
"6955420"
] | [
"Comparison of 2% chlorhexidine and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite irrigating solutions on postoperative pain: a randomized clinical trial.",
"Antibacterial activity of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in infected root canal: in vivo study.",
"Antimicrobial effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine in inf... | [
"To compare the levels of postoperative pain after cleaning and shaping of root canals using two different root canal irrigants for debridement.\n Forty patients with irreversible pulpitis, pulp necrosis and non-vital teeth exhibiting acute apical periodontitis requiring root canal treatment were inc... | Although root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine appear to be effective at reducing bacterial cultures when compared to saline, most of the studies included in this review failed to adequately report these clinically important and potentially patient-relevant outcomes. There is currently insu... |
CD002935 | [
"10924977",
"15770205",
"11747326",
"10630160",
"15860852",
"7836078",
"9231675",
"9273183",
"2839443"
] | [
"A palliative accelerated irradiation regimen for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer vs. conventionally fractionated 60 GY: results of a randomized equivalence study.",
"A prospective, randomised study to compare two palliative radiotherapy schedules for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).",
"Evaluation of nur... | [
"Radiation oncologists are often faced with patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), who are not suitable candidates for state-of-the-art radical treatment, but who also are not judged to have a very short life expectancy. Some physicians treat these patients palliatively, whereas others advocate ... | There were no randomised trials that compared a policy of immediate radical radiotherapy with palliative radiotherapy given when patients develop symptoms. In the absence of such trials, radical radiotherapy appears to result in a better survival than might be expected had treatment not been given. A substantial, thoug... |
CD006640 | [
"3101804",
"395630",
"16935098",
"8607670",
"10962414",
"6353843",
"12118485",
"7018048",
"505491"
] | [
"Tranexamic acid as an aid to reducing blood transfusion requirements in gastric and duodenal bleeding.",
"Tranexamic acid in massive haemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract: a double-blind study.",
"A randomized trial of tranexamic acid in combination with cell salvage plus a meta-analysis of randomi... | [
"A prospective randomised double blind study examined the effect of the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid compared with placebo in 154 patients bleeding from verified benign lesions in the stomach or duodenum or both. Three out of 72 patients receiving tranexamic acid underwent emergency surgery compared with 1... | Considering the internal and external validity of the evidence, tranexamic acid cannot be recommended for routine use. Additional trials in which tranexamic acid is used in combination with the currently recommended interventions are required. |
CD006480 | [
"15990772",
"15802340",
"15100668",
"8831855",
"15480319",
"3545094",
"20477733",
"16815138",
"16176400"
] | [
"The Canadian Childhood Asthma Primary Prevention Study: outcomes at 7 years of age.",
"The PREVASC study: the clinical effect of a multifaceted educational intervention to prevent childhood asthma.",
"The Canadian asthma primary prevention study: outcomes at 2 years of age.",
"Effects of a dietary and enviro... | [
"Avoidance of any one of the individual risk factors associated with childhood asthma has not been successful in preventing its development.\n The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention program for the primary prevention of asthma in high-risk infants a... | The available evidence suggests that the reduction of exposure to multiple allergens compared to usual care reduces the likelihood of a current diagnosis of asthma in children (at ages < 5 years and 5 years and older). Mono-intervention studies have not produced effects which are statistically significant compared with... |
CD001876 | [
"8553306",
"15295690",
"2233917",
"1613673",
"7882099",
"2233916",
"17710485",
"3056661",
"10908256"
] | [
"Randomised trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the use of prednisolone as an adjunct to treatment in HIV-1-associated pleural tuberculosis.",
"A controlled trial of early adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for Pneu... | [
"Tuberculous pleurisy can result in pleural fibrosis, calcification and thickening. To prevent these complications, corticosteroids are frequently used in addition to antituberculous drugs; however, new therapeutic regimens can control the disease and minimise the sequelae, and there is no convincing evidence of th... | There are insufficient data to support evidence-based recommendations regarding the use of adjunctive corticosteroids in people with tuberculous pleurisy. Randomized controlled trials that are sufficiently powered to evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on both morbidity and mortality are needed. The effects of cort... |
CD000184 | [
"15842288",
"2692178",
"19087079",
"15617697",
"1998637",
"8602315",
"9916961",
"9492717",
"6743606"
] | [
"Tocolysis for repeat external cephalic version in breech presentation at term: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"A prospective randomised controlled trial of external cephalic version comparing two methods of uterine tocolysis with a non-tocolysis group.",
"Oral nifepidine versus subcu... | [
"External cephalic version (ECV) reduces the incidence of breech presentation at term and caesarean section for non-cephalic births. Tocolytics may improve success rates, but are time consuming, may cause side effects and have not been proven to alter caesarean section rates. The aim of this trial was to determine ... | Betastimulants, to facilitate ECV, increased cephalic presentation in labour and birth, and reduced the caesarean section rate in both nulliparous and multiparous women, but there were insufficient data on adverse effects. Calcium channel blockers and nitric acid donors had insufficient data to provide good evidence. A... |
CD005979 | [
"12187178",
"11944760",
"14534526",
"11242426",
"12126319",
"11760489",
"16174135",
"6406886",
"2500784"
] | [
"Health services utilization with reference drug pricing of histamine(2) receptor antagonists in British Columbia elderly.",
"Impact of reference-based pricing for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on drug utilization.",
"Clinical and economic consequences of reference pricing for dihydropyridine calcium... | [
"In October 1995, British Columbia introduced a reference pricing policy for five therapeutic classes of drugs, including histamine(2) receptor antagonists (H(2)RAs), for beneficiaries of its prescription drug program, Pharmacare.\n To evaluate utilization trends in consumption of health services in ... | We found relatively few studies of pricing policies. The majority of the studies dealt with reference pricing. They had few methodological limitations. Based on the evidence in this review, mostly from senior citizens in British Columbia, Canada, reference drug pricing can reduce third party drug expenditures by induci... |
CD005133 | [
"22094954",
"12937241",
"16780548",
"7487465",
"11920308",
"8304654",
"18622294",
"11003347",
"9013456"
] | [
"Valganciclovir prophylaxis versus preemptive therapy in cytomegalovirus-positive renal allograft recipients: 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial.",
"Pre-emptive therapy of CMVpp65 antigen positive renal transplant recipients with oral ganciclovir: a randomized, comparative study.",
"Prophylactic vers... | [
"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) prevention can be achieved by prophylaxis or preemptive therapy. We performed a prospective randomized trial to determine whether renal transplant recipients with a positive CMV serostatus (R+) had a higher rate of CMV infection and disease after transplantation when treated preemptively for ... | Few RCTs have evaluated the effects of pre-emptive therapy to prevent CMV disease. Pre-emptive therapy is effective compared with placebo or standard care. Despite the inclusion of five additional studies in this update, the efficacy of pre-emptive therapy compared with prophylaxis to prevent CMV disease remains unclea... |
CD002130 | [
"18946065",
"12204495",
"19463379",
"15618034",
"10476589",
"18984759",
"19262211",
"17442201",
"16533938"
] | [
"Cardiovascular outcomes after a change in prescription policy for clopidogrel.",
"Effect of additional temporary glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition on troponin release in elective percutaneous coronary interventions after pretreatment with aspirin and clopidogrel (TOPSTAR trial).",
"Glycoprotein IIb/III... | [
"Drug-reimbursement policies may have an adverse effect on patient outcomes if they interfere with timely access to efficacious medications for acute medical conditions. Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin is the recommended standard of care for patients receiving coronary stents to prevent thrombosis. We exami... | When administered during PCI, intravenous IIb/IIIa blockers reduce the risk of death and of death or MI at 30 days and at six months, at a price of an increase in the risk of severe bleeding. The efficacy effects are homogeneous but are less marked in patients pre-treated with clopidogrel where they seem to be effectiv... |
CD006114 | [
"8803649",
"8889909",
"6407502",
"2110560",
"1299793",
"2507630",
"1810358",
"10695642",
"6407504"
] | [
"Fluvoxamine versus imipramine and placebo: a double-blind comparison in depressed patients.",
"A comparison of fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression.",
"A double-blind comparative study of the clinical efficacy of fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine.",
"A double-blind, placebo-controlle... | [
"Approximately 20 million patients suffer from major depressive disorder each year, indicating a need for antidepressant agents that are synonymous with effectiveness, tolerability and patient compliance. The authors examined the effects of fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, in the treatment of ... | We found no strong evidence that fluvoxamine was either superior or inferior to any other antidepressants in terms of efficacy and tolerability in the acute phase treatment of depression. However, differing side effect profiles were evident. Based on these findings, we conclude that clinicians should focus on practical... |
CD003223 | [
"3531953",
"3288258",
"3775071",
"7684512",
"7831624",
"2195929",
"11731184",
"9423999",
"10629624"
] | [
"Analgetic activity of calcitonin in patients with painful osteolytic metastases of breast cancer. Results of a controlled randomized study.",
"Evaluation of salmon calcitonin treatment in bone metastases from breast cancer--a controlled trial.",
"Prospective randomised trial of single and multifraction radioth... | [
"The analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin was tested by a double-blind clinical randomized controlled trial in 40 female patients with painful osteolytic metastases. Twenty patients were administered (daily) 100 IU of salmon calcitonin subcutaneously over 28 days, while the other 20 were administered identical amp... | The limited evidence currently available does not support the use of calcitonin to control pain from bone metastases. Since the last version of this review, none of the new relevant studies have provided additional information on this treatment, in contrast to other therapeutic approaches that should be considered. |
CD004866 | [
"8694013",
"21402642",
"18381542",
"1575558",
"16061595",
"15208209",
"15545616",
"3373407",
"11335744"
] | [
"Randomized outcome trial of human milk fortification and developmental outcome in preterm infants.",
"Nutrient enrichment of mother's milk and growth of very preterm infants after hospital discharge.",
"Growth and nutrient intakes of human milk-fed preterm infants provided with extra energy and nutrients after... | [
"Despite potential benefits, human milk may fail to meet preterm infants' nutrient requirements. We tested the hypothesis that fortified breast milk, fed alone or with preterm formula, would improve neurodevelopment and growth at 18-mo follow-up without adverse short-term clinical or biochemical consequences. Two h... | The limited available data do not provide convincing evidence that feeding preterm infants with multinutrient fortified breast milk compared with unfortified breast milk following hospital discharge affects important outcomes including growth rates during infancy. There are no data on long-term growth. Since fortifying... |
CD001841 | [
"9752816",
"10972367",
"10972368",
"2892881",
"1638340",
"2296269",
"7508066",
"9383135",
"11759645"
] | [
"Influences of educational interventions and adverse news about calcium-channel blockers on first-line prescribing of antihypertensive drugs to elderly people in British Columbia.",
"Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and beta-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortal... | [
"The way in which dissemination of evidence changes medical practice needs to be better understood. Controversy about calcium-channel blockers (CCB) in the past 3 years has provided a natural experiment, enabling assessment of the impact of media stories, a national warning letter, a teleconference, small group wor... | First-line low-dose thiazides reduce all morbidity and mortality outcomes. First-line ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers may be similarly effective but the evidence is less robust. First-line high-dose thiazides and first-line beta-blockers are inferior to first-line low-dose thiazides. |
CD003827 | [
"11025176",
"12244905",
"9403542",
"16230723",
"11125233",
"3046351",
"16026898",
"9265424",
"8792352"
] | [
"Evaluation of antiseptic-impregnated central venous catheters for prevention of catheter-related infection in intensive care unit patients.",
"What really affects the incidence of central venous catheter-related infections for short-term catheterization?",
"A prospective randomized trial of an antibiotic- and ... | [
"Central venous catheterization represents a significant medical advancement, particularly in the treatment of critical ill. However, there is a high risk of central venous catheters-related infection. A novel antiseptic central venous catheter, made of polyurethane and impregnated with chlorhexidine and silver sul... | We found a four-fold increase in the rate of catheter related blood stream infection when a polyurethane dressing was used to secure the central venous catheter however this research was at risk of bias and the confidence intervals were wide indicating high uncertainty around this estimate; so the true effect could be ... |
CD001239 | [
"10745332",
"10074720",
"10832472",
"7996367",
"8260542",
"1517923",
"8641639",
"15805366",
"14993550"
] | [
"Multicenter randomized placebo controlled trial of therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin in decreasing mortality due to neonatal sepsis.",
"The use of prophylactic intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in very low birthweight infants.",
"Intravenous immunoglobulin for prophylaxis of nosocomial sepsis.",
"Intr... | [
"To determine whether therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) would decrease mortality in neonatal sepsis.\n Three tertiary care neonatal intensive care units in the city of Bangalore.\n All neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units with the clinical diagnosis of ... | In previous reviews, we encouraged researchers to undertake well-designed trials to confirm or refute the effectiveness of IVIG in reducing adverse outcomes in neonates with suspected infection. Such a trial has been undertaken. Results of the INIS trial, which enrolled 3493 infants, carry a heavy weight in the current... |
CD000941 | [
"15777441",
"16001749",
"15951101",
"11641677",
"15104606",
"8694043",
"11561740",
"17722318",
"12554247"
] | [
"A randomised controlled trial comparing low dose vaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone vaginal gel for inducing labour at term.",
"[Comparative study of the effect of intravaginal misoprostol at 50 and 100 micrograms in cervical ripening and labor induction].",
"A comparison of oral and vaginal misoprostol for ... | [
"To compare the efficacy of low dose vaginal misoprostol and dinoprostone vaginal gel for induction of labour at term.\n A single-blind randomised controlled trial.\n Antenatal and labour ward of a UK district general hospital.\n Two hundred and sixty-eight women requiri... | Vaginal misoprostol in doses above 25 mcg four-hourly was more effective than conventional methods of labour induction, but with more uterine hyperstimulation. Lower doses (25 mcg four-hourly or less) were similar to conventional methods in effectiveness and risks. The authors request information on cases of uterine ru... |
CD002311 | [
"10212082",
"9722255",
"9121852",
"11158452",
"9713447",
"9773910",
"15833887",
"12969999",
"10095821"
] | [
"Randomised controlled study of early use of inhaled corticosteroid in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.",
"Efficacy of sequential early systemic and inhaled corticosteroid therapy in the prevention of chronic lung disease of prematurity.",
"Effectiveness of budesonide aerosol in ventilator-de... | [
"To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of inhaled fluticasone propionate, started on day 1 of age, on ventilated preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.\n Starting within 24 hours of age, ventilated preterm infants (gestation < 32 weeks, birthweight < 1.5 kg) with respiratory distress s... | Based on the results of the currently available evidence, inhalation corticosteroids initiated at ≥ 7 days of life for preterm infants at high risk of developing BPD cannot be recommended at this point in time. More and larger randomised, placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the efficacy and safety of inha... |
CD007969 | [
"17597827",
"17551656",
"19578227",
"7612090",
"10591428",
"10839875",
"1297921",
"10730039",
"2213261"
] | [
"Randomized controlled trial of light-emitting diode phototherapy.",
"Efficacy of new microprocessed phototherapy system with five high intensity light emitting diodes (Super LED).",
"Light emitting diodes versus compact fluorescent tubes for phototherapy in neonatal jaundice: a multi center randomized controll... | [
"We wished to compare the efficacy of light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy with special blue fluorescent (BB) tube phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.\n We randomly assigned 66 infants >or=35 weeks of gestation to receive phototherapy using an LED device or BB. In additio... | LED light source phototherapy is efficacious in bringing down levels of serum total bilirubin at rates that are similar to phototherapy with conventional (compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) or halogen) light sources. Further studies are warranted for evaluating efficacy of LED phototherapy in neonates with haemolytic jaund... |
CD005367 | [
"9037222",
"17130328",
"10487307",
"15574629",
"2413761",
"12825213",
"12878631",
"12176541",
"11854877"
] | [
"A double-blind study of perioperative steroid requirements in secondary adrenal insufficiency.",
"Minor infection encouraged by steroid administration during cardiac surgery.",
"An investigation into the need for supplementary steroids in organ transplant patients undergoing gingival surgery. A double-blind, s... | [
"Patients treated long-term with supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids experience secondary adrenal insufficiency and are routinely given large doses of steroids in the perioperative period to prevent hypotension. Because the dose of steroids required to prevent hypotension is not known, we conducted a randomiz... | Owing to the small number of patients, the results may not be representative. Based on current available evidence, we are unable to support or refute the use of supplemental perioperative steroids for patients with adrenal insufficiency during surgery. |
CD000935 | [
"2319363",
"12623473",
"17346475",
"9442174",
"9534499",
"7643880",
"3266072",
"10901564",
"12240812"
] | [
"Recognizing the onset of labor.",
"Active management of labour in a district hospital setting.",
"A randomized controlled trial of a bedside partogram in the active management of primiparous labour.",
"Dysfunctional labour: a randomised trial.",
"An early labor assessment program: a randomized, controlled ... | [
"An experimental study compared the use of an educational technique based on patient participation with routine instructions to prepare patients to recognize the onset of active labor. The number of visits to the labor suite that resulted in the patient being discharged undelivered was significantly lower in patien... | There is not enough evidence to evaluate the use of a specific set of criteria for self-diagnosis of active labour. |
CD003149 | [
"7791837",
"12039820",
"9972747",
"20940381",
"16430668",
"12954840",
"1412681",
"15379121",
"2651586"
] | [
"A comparison of conservative and aggressive transfusion regimens in the perioperative management of sickle cell disease. The Preoperative Transfusion in Sickle Cell Disease Study Group.",
"Mechanical methods of reducing blood transfusion in cardiac surgery: randomised controlled trial.",
"Thromboelastography-g... | [
"Preoperative transfusions are frequently given to prevent perioperative morbidity in patients with sickle cell anemia. There is no consensus, however, on the best regimen of transfusions for this purpose.\n We conducted a multicenter study to compare the rates of perioperative complications among pa... | While in general, conservative therapy appears to be as effective as aggressive therapy in preparation for surgery in people with sickle cell disease, further research is needed to examine the optimal regimen for different surgical types, and to address whether preoperative transfusion is needed in all surgical situati... |
CD007146 | [
"16183652",
"12568412",
"17656420",
"15501836",
"16088114",
"17613583",
"16274368",
"12588571",
"20492040"
] | [
"Randomised controlled trial of prevention of falls in people aged > or =75 with severe visual impairment: the VIP trial.",
"Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Does vitamin D stop inpatients falling? A randomised controlled trial.",
"Vitamin D suppleme... | [
"To assess the efficacy and cost effectiveness of a home safety programme and a home exercise programme to reduce falls and injuries in older people with low vision.\n Randomised controlled trial.\n Dunedin and Auckland, New Zealand.\n 391 women and men aged > or =75 wit... | Group and home-based exercise programmes, and home safety interventions reduce rate of falls and risk of falling.
Multifactorial assessment and intervention programmes reduce rate of falls but not risk of falling; Tai Chi reduces risk of falling.
Overall, vitamin D supplementation does not appear to reduce falls but ma... |
CD003738 | [
"15313288",
"15342049",
"16005976",
"15808167",
"12106717",
"15629822",
"15050264",
"15121364",
"15715551"
] | [
"Effect of a silicone intraocular lens with a sharp posterior optic edge on posterior capsule opacification.",
"Effect of intraocular lens optic edge design and material on fibrotic capsule opacification and capsulorhexis contraction.",
"Posterior capsule opacification in the presence of an intraocular lens wit... | [
"To compare the inhibiting effect on posterior capsule opacification (PCO) of a silicone intraocular lens (IOL) with a sharp posterior optic edge (ClariFlex OptiEdge, Advanced Medical Optics) and a silicone IOL with a round optic edge (PhacoFlex SI-40, Advanced Medical Optics). Setting: Department of Ophthalmology,... | Due to the highly significant difference between round and sharp edged IOL optics, IOLs with sharp (posterior) optic edges should be preferred. There is no clear difference between optic materials. The choice of postoperative anti-inflammatory treatment does not seem to influence PCO development. |
CD001814 | [
"18237352",
"11730399",
"15110063",
"12694632",
"11129745",
"1315663",
"14679271",
"20207411",
"15066200"
] | [
"Strategies for improving the quality of health care in maternal and child health in low- and middle-income countries: an overview of systematic reviews.",
"Reported methodologic quality and discrepancies between large and small randomized trials in meta-analyses.",
"Expanding developmental and behavioral servi... | [
"There are many systematic reviews of continuing education programmes and educational strategies for quality improvement in health care. Most of the reviewed studies are one-off evaluations rather than impact evaluations with long-term follow-up. There are few systematic reviews of organisational, financial and reg... | Because of the inclusion of multiple interventions in most studies, the determination of the effect of any single intervention is difficult. Although there is evidence of limited benefit of developmental care interventions overall, and no major harmful effects reported, there were a large number of outcomes for which n... |
CD008567 | [
"15113492",
"12689976",
"19664653",
"18843564",
"3540329",
"10480825",
"10320488",
"18025916",
"2641980"
] | [
"Exploratory cluster randomised controlled trial of shared care development for long-term mental illness.",
"Effectiveness of counselling patients on physical activity in general practice: cluster randomised controlled trial.",
"Five years of lifestyle intervention improved self-reported mental and physical hea... | [
"Primary care clinicians have a considerable amount of contact with patients suffering from long-term mental illness. The United Kingdom's National Health Service now requires general practices to contribute more systematically to care for this group of patients.\n To determine the effects of Mental ... | General physical health could lead to people with serious mental illness accessing more health services which, in turn, could mean they see longer term benefits such as reduced mortality or morbidity. On the other hand it is possible clinicians are expending much effort, time and financial expenditure on giving ineffec... |
CD003952 | [
"812052",
"6472970",
"22664861",
"3105304",
"3082297",
"807697",
"18841533",
"9351723",
"10363538"
] | [
"Nasoduodenal versus nasogastric feeding in the very low birthweight infant.",
"An investigation into the benefits of resiting nasoenteric feeding tubes.",
"Randomized controlled trial of slow vs rapid enteral feeding advancements on the clinical outcomes of preterm infants with birth weight 750-1250 g.",
"En... | [
"The practicality, effectiveness, and safety of feeding very low birthweight infants (less than 1,300 gm) by continuous nasoduodenal infusion was assessed by comparison with continuous nasogastric feeding. The nasoduodenal group appeared to have a clear advantage over the nasogastric group for the overall period in... | There are insufficient data available to inform practice. A large randomised controlled trial would be required to determine if the use of naso- versus oro-enteric feeding tubes affects feeding, growth and development, and the incidence of adverse events in preterm or low birth weight infants. |
CD005967 | [
"21062666",
"12830403",
"20850004",
"9231212",
"16125588",
"1287904",
"11463108",
"11220772",
"9484961"
] | [
"Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial.",
"Randomized comparison of artesunate and quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria.",
"Comparison of artesunate and quinine in the treatment of Sudanese children... | [
"Severe malaria is a major cause of childhood death and often the main reason for paediatric hospital admission in sub-Saharan Africa. Quinine is still the established treatment of choice, although evidence from Asia suggests that artesunate is associated with a lower mortality. We compared parenteral treatment wit... | The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral artesunate over quinine for the treatment of severe malaria in both adults and children and in different regions of the world. |
CD002843 | [
"15166533",
"18176319",
"1445500",
"9722821",
"17321948",
"18645518",
"11157288",
"1905051",
"11457627"
] | [
"Effect of brief safer-sex counseling by medical providers to HIV-1 seropositive patients: a multi-clinic assessment.",
"Effects of a coping intervention on transmission risk behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS and a history of childhood sexual abuse.",
"Results of a randomized trial of partner notificat... | [
"To test the efficacy of brief, safer-sex counseling by medical providers of HIV-positive patients during medical visits.\n Six HIV clinics in California.\n Clinics were randomized to intervention arms evaluated with cohorts of randomly selected patients measured before and after the i... | There is a need for evaluations of interventions combining provider training and patient education, and for evaluations conducted in developing countries. All partner notification evaluations, but especially those among HIV positive patients, need to measure potential harmful effects, such as domestic violence, to ensu... |
CD008319 | [
"6408619",
"18716688",
"15562142",
"11340683",
"2505216",
"8497284",
"12480612",
"9516091",
"9878641"
] | [
"Efficacy of inhaled tobramycin in the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis.",
"A pilot study to compare tobramycin 80 mg injectable preparation with 300 mg solution for inhalation in cystic fibrosis patients.",
"Inhaled tobramycin in non-cystic fibrosis patients with bronchiect... | [
"Two forms of treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis were compared: intravenous ticarcillin (300 mg drug per kg per day) and tobramycin (10 mg drug per kg per day) versus the same intravenous antibiotic therapy plus inhaled tobramycin (80 mg three times per day). The 16 patients... | There is little useful high-level evidence to judge the effectiveness of inhaled antibiotics for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis. The included trials were not sufficiently powered to achieve their goals. Hence, we are unable to demonstrate whether one treatment was superior to th... |
CD008231 | [
"1460211",
"7751531",
"2557947",
"12134249",
"11554655",
"6452842",
"9063425",
"15500197",
"18005909"
] | [
"A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the safety and efficacy of ipratropium bromide nasal spray versus placebo in patients with the common cold.",
"A dose-response study of the efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide nasal spray in the treatment of the common cold.",
"Evaluation of an alpha agonist a... | [
"Ipratropium bromide (IB) has been found to reduce secretions in the upper respiratory tract; this is accomplished through competitive inhibition of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors that control rhinorrhea production. This study compared the safety and efficacy of IB with placebo in the symptomatic relief of r... | For people with the common cold, the existing evidence, which has some limitations, suggests that IB is likely to be effective in ameliorating rhinorrhoea. IB had no effect on nasal congestion and its use was associated with more side effects compared to placebo or no treatment although these appeared to be well tolera... |
CD004352 | [
"11585480",
"12196868",
"6988006",
"11530870",
"12165579",
"16846587",
"10329891",
"15925046",
"16115831"
] | [
"Single vs weekly courses of antenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm delivery: A randomized controlled trial.",
"Multiple versus single courses of antenatal corticosteroids for preterm birth: a pilot study.",
"The influence of betamethasone and orciprenaline on the incidence of respiratory distre... | [
"The practice of administering weekly courses of antenatal corticosteroids to pregnant women at risk of preterm delivery is widespread, but no randomized trial has established the efficacy or safety of this practice.\n To evaluate the efficacy of weekly administration of antenatal corticosteroids com... | Betamimetics help to delay delivery for women transferred to tertiary care or completed a course of antenatal corticosteroids. However, multiple adverse effects must be considered. The data are too few to support the use of any particular betamimetics.
[Note: The 14 citations in the awaiting classification section of t... |
CD005340 | [
"19577277",
"8088611",
"10343192",
"11146078",
"16153694",
"16394300",
"6796106",
"11181662",
"3760480"
] | [
"Importance of delivered cycles and nomogram for intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.",
"A comparison of intravenous versus intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the initial treatment of ovarian cancer.",
"A comparative study of intraperitoneal carboplatin versus intravenous carboplatin with intravenous c... | [
"Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy has gained enthusiasm in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Despite having a better survival advantage than intravenous (IV) chemotherapy, IP chemotherapy still poses significant morbidity and complications. Identifying the subset of patients who could best benefit from IP chemother... | Intraperitoneal chemotherapy increases overall survival and progression-free survival from advanced ovarian cancer. The results of this meta-analysis provide the most reliable estimates of the relative survival benefits of IP over IV therapy and should be used as part of the decision making process. However, the potent... |
CD006787 | [
"9349677",
"8684391",
"17426347",
"8503751",
"15839735",
"14970962",
"18467648",
"22238412",
"17321816"
] | [
"Rhythmic facilitation of gait training in hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation.",
"Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for Parkinson's disease patients.",
"Rhythmic auditory stimulation improves gait more than NDT/Bobath training in near-ambulatory patients early poststroke: a single-blind, randomized ... | [
"Experimental and control groups of 10 hemiparetic stroke patients each underwent a 6 week, twice daily gait training program. The control group participated in a conventional physical therapy gait program. The experimental group trained in the same basic program with the addition of rhythmic auditory stimulation (... | RAS may be beneficial for gait improvement in people with stroke. These results are encouraging, but more RCTs are needed before recommendations can be made for clinical practice. More research is needed to examine the effects of music therapy on other outcomes in people with ABI. |
CD003600 | [
"21464382",
"19114153",
"15173480",
"15805440",
"596497",
"17510847",
"11483803",
"11928967",
"16780288"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of home injury hazard reduction: the HOME injury study.",
"The impact of a home visitation programme on household hazards associated with unintentional childhood injuries: a randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomized, clinical trial of a home safety intervention based in an emer... | [
"To test the efficacy of installing safety devices in the homes of young children on total injury rates and on injuries deemed a priori modifiable by the installation of these devices.\n A nested, prospective, randomized controlled trial.\n Indoor environment of housing units.\n ... | There is insufficient evidence to determine whether interventions focused on modifying environmental home hazards reduce injuries. Further interventions to reduce hazards in the home should be evaluated by adequately designed randomised controlled trials measuring injury outcomes. Recruitment of large study samples to ... |
CD000103 | [
"2885946",
"17126719",
"6209832",
"8073455",
"1699308",
"2880214",
"12097849",
"2466351",
"1561645"
] | [
"Multicenter trial of hemodilution in acute ischemic stroke. I. Results in the total patient population. Scandinavian Stroke Study Group.",
"Intravenous ancrod for acute ischaemic stroke in the European Stroke Treatment with Ancrod Trial: a randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of hemodi... | [
"Hemodilution by the combination of venesection and dextran 40 administration has previously been reported to enhance neurologic recovery in the acute phase of ischemic stroke. To study this therapeutic principle in its \"natural habitat,\" a stratified and randomized multicenter trial involving 15 large and small ... | The overall results of this review are compatible both with modest benefit and moderate harm of haemodilution therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. This therapy has not been proven to improve survival or functional outcome. |
CD001894 | [
"15665025",
"9513842",
"8825162",
"18413070",
"9557848",
"17094975",
"16613888",
"15284215",
"18927130"
] | [
"A randomized double-blind controlled study of the efficacy of laser-assisted hatching on implantation and pregnancy rates of frozen-thawed embryo transfer at the cleavage stage.",
"Assisted hatching does not enhance IVF success in good-prognosis patients.",
"Does assisted hatching improve implantation rates af... | [
"Assisted hatching (AH) in fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles increases the implantation and pregnancy rates, especially in women with a poor prognosis, repeated implantation failures and in older women. Little information exists in the literature regarding the role of AH in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle... | This update has demonstrated that whilst assisted hatching (AH) does appear to offer a significantly increased chance of achieving a clinical pregnancy, the extent to which it may do so only just reaches statistical significance. The 'take home' baby rate was still not proven to be increased by AH. The included trials ... |
CD008137 | [
"15333725",
"15582060",
"17244293",
"12973646",
"8356485",
"9101691",
"12869835",
"18237352",
"10151841"
] | [
"Conditional cash transfers are associated with a small reduction in the rate of weight gain of preschool children in northeast Brazil.",
"Monetary incentives in primary health care and effects on use and coverage of preventive health care interventions in rural Honduras: cluster randomised trial.",
"Effects of... | [
"Programs providing cash transfers to poor families, conditioned upon uptake of preventive health services, are common in Latin America. Because of the consistent association between undernutrition and poverty, and the role of health services in providing growth promotion, these programs are supposed to improve chi... | Conditional cash transfer programmes have been the subject of some well-designed evaluations, which strongly suggest that they could be an effective approach to improving access to preventive services. Their replicability under different conditions - particularly in more deprived settings - is still unclear because the... |
CD008041 | [
"1317294",
"7564725",
"7899379",
"16109110",
"7954760",
"10669900",
"11128825",
"12890127",
"8164015"
] | [
"A study to compare oral sumatriptan with oral aspirin plus oral metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine. The Oral Sumatriptan and Aspirin plus Metoclopramide Comparative Study Group.",
"The effectiveness of combined oral lysine acetylsalicylate and metoclopramide compared with oral sumatriptan for migr... | [
"In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the efficacy, safety and tolerability of 100 mg oral sumatriptan, given as a dispersible tablet, was compared with that of 900 mg oral aspirin plus 10 mg oral metoclopramide in the acute treatment of migraine. A total of 358 patients treated up to three migraine attacks... | We found no new studies since the last version of this review. Aspirin 1000 mg is an effective treatment for acute migraine headaches, similar to sumatriptan 50 mg or 100 mg. Addition of metoclopramide 10 mg improves relief of nausea and vomiting. Adverse events were mainly mild and transient, and were slightly more co... |
CD004524 | [
"15290737",
"20574649",
"8242109",
"10777122",
"10943876",
"17029087",
"17414533",
"2405864",
"3481038"
] | [
"Efficacy of methotrexate in ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial.",
"Etanercept (ETN) with methotrexate (MTX) is better than ETN monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite MTX therapy: a randomized trial.",
"[A short-term randomized controlled study... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX) compared with placebo in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).\n This 24 week, double bind, randomized, placebo controlled trial compared the response between MTX 7.5 mg/week or placebo in patients with active AS. The primary outc... | There is not enough evidence to support any benefit of MTX in the treatment of AS. High-quality RCTs of larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the effect(s) of MTX on AS. |
CD001084 | [
"12172535",
"3046651",
"10506039",
"17438178",
"9057377",
"20402591",
"16177249",
"7933348",
"3881323"
] | [
"A randomized, comparative pilot study of azithromycin versus benzathine penicillin G for treatment of early syphilis.",
"A double-blind randomized controlled trial on the use of prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing elective caesarean section.",
"Randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial of p... | [
"Penicillin is the only medication currently recommended for treatment of early syphilis in non-penicillin-allergic patients. Preliminary data suggest that azithromycin may be effective for syphilis therapy.\n This was a randomized, comparative pilot study of intramuscular injections of benzathine pe... | We conclude that further randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials should be carried out to compare cyclosporine, azathioprine and benzathine-penicillin versus placebo in order to make the results generalizable and comparable. |
CD006593 | [
"15228994",
"15343260",
"15284736",
"9070140",
"7654642",
"7784029",
"8257472",
"8765270",
"12706276"
] | [
"Biophysical profile with amniotic fluid volume assessments.",
"Amniotic fluid index vs single deepest pocket technique during modified biophysical profile: a randomized clinical trial.",
"A randomized clinical trial of the intrapartum assessment of amniotic fluid volume: amniotic fluid index versus the single ... | [
"To compare the amniotic fluid index (AFI) with the single deepest pocket technique along with the other components of the biophysical profile (BPP) in predicting an adverse pregnancy outcome.\n Prospective, randomized trial of amniotic fluid assessment by AFI or single deepest pocket during a BPP. C... | The single deepest vertical pocket measurement in the assessment of amniotic fluid volume during fetal surveillance seems a better choice since the use of the amniotic fluid index increases the rate of diagnosis of oligohydramnios and the rate of induction of labor without improvement in peripartum outcomes. A systemat... |
CD003039 | [
"11136839",
"10815320",
"9615797",
"9060560",
"7540696",
"9531581",
"15235901",
"9187068",
"1381626"
] | [
"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of high-risk febrile neutropenia: a multicenter randomized trial.",
"[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of febrile neutropenia].",
"GM-CSF in chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia--a double-blind randomized study.",
"Granulocyte c... | [
"Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) have been shown to help prevent febrile neutropenia in certain subgroups of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, but their role in treating febrile neutropenia is controversial. The purpose of our study was to evaluate-in a prospective multicenter randomized clin... | The use of CSF in patients with febrile neutropenia due to cancer chemotherapy does not affect overall mortality, but reduces the amount of time spent in hospital and the neutrophil recovery period. It was not clear whether CSF has an effect on infection-related mortality. |
CD003428 | [
"9438143",
"2019162",
"10919682",
"11389575",
"9033441",
"10208190",
"8610720",
"10077140",
"9227720"
] | [
"Long-term effects of formoterol and salbutamol on bronchial hyperreactivity and beta-adrenoceptor density on lymphocytes in children with bronchial asthma.",
"A controlled trial of long-term bronchodilator therapy in cystic fibrosis.",
"Equivalence of salbutamol 200 microg four times daily propelled by propell... | [
"Long-term treatment with short-acting beta 2-sympathomimetic drugs has recently been suggested to be due to a rise in asthma mortality. This effect has been attributed to an increase in bronchial hyperreactivity, a desensitization of beta 2-adrenoceptors and/or a rebound effect after cessation of the therapy. Form... | It was not possible to determine fully the effectiveness of inhaled bronchodilators in CF as a meta-analysis was not possible. However, short and long-acting beta-2 agonists can be beneficial both in the short and long term in individuals with demonstrable bronchodilator responsiveness or bronchial hyper-responsiveness... |
CD006248 | [
"10764420",
"9234921",
"10334517",
"6751268",
"1500019",
"9069306",
"19033573",
"18155755",
"16129366"
] | [
"Concurrent chemotherapy and pelvic radiation therapy compared with pelvic radiation therapy alone as adjuvant therapy after radical surgery in high-risk early-stage cancer of the cervix.",
"A randomized trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy in advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix.",
"Ra... | [
"To determine whether the addition of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT) to pelvic radiation therapy (RT) will improve the survival of early-stage, high-risk patients with cervical carcinoma.\n Patients with clinical stage IA(2), IB, and IIA carcinoma of the cervix, initially treated with radical hyst... | We recommend surgery for early-stage AC of the uterine cervix in carefully staged patients. Primary chemoradiation remains a second best alternative for patients unfit for surgery; chemoradiation is probably first choice in patients with (MRI or PET-CT-suspected) positive lymph nodes. Since the last version of this rev... |
CD009187 | [
"16954124",
"17204318",
"21667366",
"16377603",
"17995993",
"19017582",
"16788278",
"2189772",
"18407003"
] | [
"Interest in an online smoking cessation program and effective recruitment strategies: results from Project Quit.",
"Recruiting pregnant smokers into a clinical trial: using a network-model managed care organization versus community-based practices.",
"A novel recruitment message to increase enrollment into a s... | [
"The Internet is a promising venue for delivering smoking cessation treatment, either as a stand-alone program or as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy. However, there is little data to indicate what percent of smokers are interested in receiving online smoking cessation services or how best to recruit smokers to Intern... | The substantial heterogeneity across the included studies restricts our ability to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of different recruitment strategies in relation to recruitment of participants into smoking cessation programmes or levels of smoking cessation. The limited evidence, however, suggests that t... |
CD001945 | [
"9690695",
"11206599",
"16199834",
"15465981",
"9860108",
"17077434",
"21537720",
"10192829",
"7691017"
] | [
"An exploratory haloperidol-controlled dose-finding study of ziprasidone in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.",
"Intramuscular ziprasidone compared with intramuscular haloperidol in the treatment of acute psychosis. Ziprasidone I.M. Study Group.",
"Olanzapine versus ziprasido... | [
"Ninety patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria participated in this double-blind, exploratory, dose-ranging trial. After a single-blind washout period of 4 to 7 days, patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four fixed doses of the new antipsychotic, ziprasi... | Currently data are limited. Ziprasidone may be an effective antipsychotic with less extrapyramidal effects than haloperidol. It also, however, causes more nausea and vomiting than the typical drugs, and, at present, there is no data suggesting that it is different to other atypical compounds. Well planned, conducted an... |
CD009584 | [
"22170366",
"20332221",
"19225128",
"10103334",
"2105256",
"17684213",
"15735107",
"11466668",
"20980648"
] | [
"A novel fortified blended flour, corn-soy blend \"plus-plus,\" is not inferior to lipid-based ready-to-use supplementary foods for the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Malawian children.",
"Effectiveness of ready-to-use therapeutic food compared to a corn/soy-blend-based pre-mix for the treatment of c... | [
"Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are often treated with fortified blended flours, most commonly a corn-soy blend (CSB). However, recovery rates remain <75%, lower than the rate achieved with peanut paste-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSFs). To bridge this gap, a novel CSB recipe fortified... | In conclusion, there is moderate to high quality evidence that both lipid-based nutrient supplements and blended foods are effective in treating children with MAM. Although lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) led to a clinically significant benefit in the number of children recovered in comparison with blended foods... |
CD005283 | [
"11841067",
"9527402",
"15558520",
"11532112",
"8880241",
"8821843",
"14575293",
"15886217",
"11805387"
] | [
"Biocompatible membranes do not promote graft recovery following cadaveric renal transplantation.",
"A multicenter comparison of dialysis membranes in the treatment of acute renal failure requiring dialysis.",
"A randomized controlled trial comparing intermittent with continuous dialysis in patients with ARF.",... | [
"Controversy surrounds the role of biocompatible membrane dialyzers in treatment of acute renal failure. Studies that have shown a benefit have involved critically ill patients where renal recovery and patient mortality are influenced by other comorbid disease. The aim of the present work is to clarify this issue i... | There is no demonstrable clinical advantage to the use of BCM versus BICM in patients with ARF who require intermittent hemodialysis. |
CD003540 | [
"12391951",
"10404919",
"15762903",
"12746365",
"14718327",
"15831542",
"18177791",
"7748631",
"8320576"
] | [
"Primary care guidelines on consultation practices: the effectiveness of computerized versus paper-based versions. A cluster randomized controlled trial among newly qualified primary care physicians.",
"Chronic care clinics: a randomized controlled trial of a new model of primary care for frail older adults.",
... | [
"To compare the effects of computerized and paper-based versions of guidelines on recently qualified physicians' consultation practices.\n Two arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Physicians were randomized to receive computerized or textbook-based versions of the same guidelines for a 4-week stu... | The findings of this review do not provide sufficient evidence to support or resist a policy of altering the lengths of primary care physicians' consultations. Further trials are needed that focus on health outcomes and cost effectiveness. |
CD004865 | [
"7869205",
"7636658",
"11581447",
"11227239",
"19057854",
"12200985",
"19635302",
"9741224",
"11134438"
] | [
"Efficacy and cost analysis of treating very low birth weight infants with erythropoietin during their first two weeks of life: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Follow-up of very low birth weight infants after erythropoietin treatment to prevent anemia of prematurity.",
"Effects of early erythropoieti... | [
"We hypothesized that using a higher dose of erythropoietin (Epo) and starting treatment on the first day of life would reduce the transfusion requirements of ventilator-dependent and non-ventilator-dependent very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Moreover, we hypothesized that this treatment would be cost-effective... | The use of early EPO did not significantly reduce the 'Use of one or more RBC transfusions' or the 'Number of transfusions per infant" compared with late EPO administration. The finding of a statistically significant increased risk of ROP (any grade) and a similar trend for ROP stage > 3 with early EPO treatment is of ... |
CD001697 | [
"10690979",
"2909689",
"1545249",
"2496789",
"2651586",
"8683286",
"9857636",
"3491317",
"11022066"
] | [
"Randomized pilot trial of postoperative aspirin in subarachnoid hemorrhage.",
"Timing of operation for ruptured supratentorial aneurysms: a prospective randomized study.",
"Effect of AT877 on cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results of a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind t... | [
"To assess the safety and feasibility of a clinical trial on the effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).\n Several studies have indicated that increased platelet activity might be involved in the pathogenesis of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after SAH.\n ... | Based upon the limited randomised controlled evidence available, the timing of surgery was not a critical factor in determining outcome following a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Since the publication of the only randomised controlled study in 1989, techniques for the treatment of subarachnoid haemorrhage have progressed, q... |
CD004078 | [
"1997835",
"3276900",
"7995145",
"1900687",
"6512582",
"15108041",
"16823593",
"17375049",
"9350242"
] | [
"Effective surgical adjuvant therapy for high-risk rectal carcinoma.",
"Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01.",
"Adjuvant preoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal carcinoma. Results of a prospective, randomized trial.",
"[Coo... | [
"Radiation therapy as an adjunct to surgery for rectal cancer has been shown to reduce local recurrence but has not improved survival. In a previous study, combined radiation and chemotherapy improved survival significantly as compared with surgery alone, but not as compared with adjuvant radiation, which many rega... | The results of this meta-analysis support the use of 5-FU based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for patients undergoing apparently radical surgery for non-metastatic rectal carcinoma. Available data do not allow us to define whether the efficacy of this treatment is highest in one specific TNM stage. The implementa... |
CD004449 | [
"16102099",
"18393319",
"16269927",
"20838118",
"16096533",
"15480990",
"19546387",
"15734783",
"16788315"
] | [
"Recombinant activated factor VII in treatment of bleeding complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.",
"Recombinant factor VIIa for variceal bleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis: A randomized, controlled trial.",
"Control of bleeding in children with Dengue hemorrhagic fever using... | [
"Bleeding is a common complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and standard hemostatic treatment is often ineffective. We conducted a multicentre, randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of activated recombinant factor VII (rFVIIa, NovoSeven) in the treatment of bleeding following H... | Although the main conclusion should be the need for further randomised controlled trials, we conclude that both rFVIIa and aPCC can be used to treat bleeding in haemophiliacs with inhibitors. |
CD002903 | [
"14736444",
"11239191",
"15519257",
"20479363",
"16109908",
"9491951",
"12466506",
"12161876",
"18212034"
] | [
"Effect of rate or rhythm control on quality of life in persistent atrial fibrillation. Results from the Rate Control Versus Electrical Cardioversion (RACE) Study.",
"Acupuncture and transcutaneous nerve stimulation in stroke rehabilitation: a randomized, controlled trial.",
"Closed loop stimulation in preventi... | [
"We studied the influence of rate control or rhythm control in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) on quality of life (QoL).\n Atrial fibrillation may cause symptoms like fatigue and dyspnea. This can impair QoL. Treatment of AF with either rate or rhythm control may influence QoL.\n ... | Electrical cardioversion (rhythm control) led to a non-significant increase in stroke risk but improved three domains of quality of life. |
CD002862 | [
"8605125",
"7052115",
"7485346",
"17654188",
"8605126",
"7023173",
"15925045",
"9091013",
"1998638"
] | [
"Induction of labour: a randomised clinical trial of amniotomy versus amniotomy with oxytocin infusion.",
"Induction of labour: a comparison of a single prostaglandin E2 vaginal tablet with amniotomy and intravenous oxytocin.",
"Early versus late amniotomy for labor induction: a randomized trial.",
"A trial o... | [
"To compare two methods of induction of labour-amniotomy with oxytocin infusion versus amniotomy alone.\n Prospective randomised clinical trial.\n The department of obstetrics in a Swedish central hospital.\n One hundred and ninety-six pregnant women with indication for ... | Data are lacking about the value of amniotomy alone for induction of labour. While there are now other modern methods available for induction of labour (pharmacological agents), there remain clinical scenarios where amniotomy alone may be desirable and appropriate, and this method is worthy of further research. This re... |
CD008888 | [
"11591548",
"12969999",
"16387583",
"15784799",
"16135178",
"16106336",
"7710536",
"17177928",
"2687818"
] | [
"Application and validation of a computerized cough acquisition system for objective monitoring of acute cough: a meta-analysis.",
"A randomized controlled trial of inhaled flunisolide in the management of acute asthma in children.",
"Response profiles to fluticasone and montelukast in mild-to-moderate persiste... | [
"The purpose of the meta-analysis was to understand the antitussive effect of treatment with dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 30 mg, vs placebo over a 3-h treatment period in patients with cough due to uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and to show that the computerized system for acquisition and... | There is currently no evidence to support the use of ICS for treatment of subacute cough in children. However, this systematic review is limited by the small number of studies available for analysis and the size, quality and design of these studies. Further well-designed RCTs are required to support or refute the effic... |
CD006072 | [
"3627875",
"6823418",
"3292250",
"2645569",
"8694013",
"6423796",
"8241636",
"3569347",
"15545616"
] | [
"Taurine supplementation of a premature formula improves fat absorption in preterm infants.",
"Feeding the low-birth-weight infant: I. Taurine and cholesterol supplementation of formula does not affect growth and metabolism.",
"Development of the nervous and cardiovascular systems in low-birth-weight infants fe... | [
"The predominance of taurine (Tau) conjugated over glycine conjugated bile acids in infants fed human milk as opposed to those on formulas without added Tau could account for a more complete absorption of fat. Fifteen low birth weight infants were randomized to either Enfamil Premature or to Enfamil Premature added... | Despite that lack of evidence of benefit from randomised controlled trials, it is likely that taurine will continue to be added to formula milks and parenteral nutrition solutions used for feeding preterm and low birth weight infants given the putative association of taurine deficiency with various adverse outcomes. Fu... |
CD006411 | [
"20841574",
"18676516",
"9183781",
"16332553",
"2680255",
"12757433",
"10610626",
"7677554",
"12665729"
] | [
"Game-based versus traditional case-based learning: comparing effectiveness in stroke continuing medical education.",
"A video game improves behavioral outcomes in adolescents and young adults with cancer: a randomized trial.",
"Educational video game for juvenile diabetes: results of a controlled trial.",
"P... | [
"To evaluate family physicians' enjoyment of and knowledge gained from game-based learning, compared with traditional case-based learning, in a continuing medical education (CME) event on stroke prevention and management.\n An equivalence trial to determine if game-based learning was as effective as ... | The findings of this systematic review neither confirm nor refute the utility of games as a teaching strategy for health professionals. There is a need for additional high-quality research to explore the impact of educational games on patient and performance outcomes. |
CD004618 | [
"15679563",
"15367178",
"18598837",
"2725163",
"11879929",
"14568795",
"9088679",
"12122630",
"11589975"
] | [
"Topical quinolone vs. antiseptic for treating chronic suppurative otitis media: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Oral quinolones in hospitalized patients: an evaluation of a computerized decision support intervention.",
"A single topical agent is clinically equivalent to the combination of topical and oral an... | [
"To compare a topical quinolone antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) with a cheaper topical antiseptic (boric acid) for treating chronic suppurative otitis media in children.\n Randomized controlled trial.\n A total of 427 children with chronic suppurative otitis media enrolled from 141 schools ... | Topical quinolone antibiotics can clear aural discharge better than no drug treatment or topical antiseptics; non-quinolone antibiotic effects (without steroids) versus no drug or antiseptics are less clear. Studies were also inconclusive regarding any differences between quinolone and non-quinolone antibiotics, althou... |
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