review_id stringlengths 8 8 | pmid list | title list | abstract list | target stringlengths 56 2.23k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD003234 | [
"10648669",
"8887291",
"7640431",
"8400077",
"11075743",
"9292565",
"11280496",
"7914959",
"9527402"
] | [
"Comparison of cellulose diacetate and polysulfone membranes in the outcome of acute renal failure. A prospective randomized study.",
"Effects of different membranes and dialysis technologies on patient treatment tolerance and nutritional parameters. The Italian Cooperative Dialysis Study Group.",
"Biocompatibi... | [
"Whether the nature of haemodialysis (HD) membranes can influence the outcome of acute renal failure (ARF) remains debatable. Recent studies have suggested that dialysis with bioincompatible unsubstituted cellulosic membranes is associated with a less favourable patient outcome than dialysis with biocompatible synt... | We found no evidence of benefit when synthetic membranes were compared with cellulose/modified cellulose membranes in terms of reduced mortality no reduction in dialysis-related adverse symptoms. Despite the relatively large number of RCTs undertaken in this area none of the included studies reported any measures of qu... |
CD005229 | [
"17548549",
"11677004",
"11294919",
"18401810",
"10527076",
"11207837",
"8628460",
"20629134",
"16802291"
] | [
"A randomized controlled trial of resistance exercise in individuals with ALS.",
"The value of muscle exercise in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.",
"Phase III randomized trial of gabapentin in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.",
"Exercise training is beneficial for Alzheimer's patients... | [
"To determine the effects of resistance exercise on function, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with ALS.\n Subjects with a diagnosis of clinically definite, probable, or laboratory-supported ALS, forced vital capacity (FVC) of 90% predicted or greater, and an ALS Functional Rating Scale (A... | The included studies were too small to determine to what extent strengthening exercises for people with ALS are beneficial, or whether exercise is harmful. There is a complete lack of randomised or quasi-randomised clinical trials examining aerobic exercise in this population. More research is needed. |
MR000021 | [
"15082724",
"18386101",
"18166837",
"1315663",
"12033481",
"19230168",
"12161081",
"10715289",
"3977198"
] | [
"Factors associated with breast cancer clinical trials participation and enrollment at a large academic medical center.",
"Effects of disclosing financial interests on attitudes toward clinical research.",
"An educational video to increase clinical trials enrollment among lung cancer patients.",
"Impact of ra... | [
"The practice patterns of medical oncologists at a large National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center in Detroit, MI were evaluated to better understand factors associated with accrual to breast cancer clinical trials.\n From 1996 to 1997, physicians completed surveys on 319 of 344 newly eva... | The impact of factors varied across studies. Researchers need to be aware that aspects of the design and conduct of trials can affect clinicians' willingness to invite patients to participate. Further research is needed. |
CD008394 | [
"8080985",
"16552194",
"16159043",
"17967712",
"20414559",
"1788755",
"11846197",
"11966929",
"15160576"
] | [
"Accelerated healing of chronic sickle-cell leg ulcers treated with RGD peptide matrix. RGD Study Group.",
"A randomized controlled trial of 0.5% ferric hyaluronate gel (Intergel) in the prevention of adhesions following abdominal surgery.",
"A group randomized trial to improve safe use of nonsteroidal anti-inf... | [
"Leg ulcers are a chronic manifestation of sickle-cell disease (SCD) and are often painful, disabling, and difficult to treat. RGD peptide matrix treatment is a novel therapy designed to provide a topical synthetic extracellular matrix that can act as a temporary substitute for the damaged natural matrix at the ulc... | There is evidence that a topical intervention (RGD peptide matrix) reduced ulcer size in treated participants compared to controls. This evidence of efficacy is limited by the generally high risk of bias associated with these reports.
We planned to analyse results according to general groups: pharmaceutical interventio... |
CD000532 | [
"15596155",
"6436855",
"15066200",
"11689579",
"16808764",
"12096294",
"17621379",
"17509808",
"17513815"
] | [
"Psychosocial interventions for somatizing patients by the general practitioner: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Cost-benefit analysis of a controlled trial of nurse therapy for neuroses in primary care.",
"An outreach intervention to implement evidence based practice in residential care: a randomized control... | [
"The objective of this study was to compare the effects of psychosocial interventions based on the modified reattribution model for somatizing patients in general practice (GP) with those of nonspecific psychosocial primary care (PPC) alone.\n Forty-two GPs were randomized, 23 into the intervention g... | This review provides some evidence that MHWs working in primary care to deliver psychological therapy and psychosocial interventions cause a significant reduction in PCP behaviours such as consultations, prescribing, and referrals to specialist care. However, the changes are modest in magnitude, inconsistent, do not ge... |
CD007179 | [
"8507759",
"16575723",
"20215128",
"15214959",
"16354469",
"2732125",
"1596044",
"22296864",
"10517189"
] | [
"Open, randomized therapeutic trial of six antimicrobial regimens in the treatment of human brucellosis.",
"Efficacy of gentamicin plus doxycycline versus streptomycin plus doxycycline in the treatment of brucellosis in humans.",
"Comparison of the efficacy of gentamicin for 5 days plus doxycycline for 8 weeks ... | [
"This report describes the results of six antimicrobial regimens used for the treatment of brucellosis in an open, randomized study performed over two periods (1980-1983 and 1984-1987). In the first period, rifampicin and doxycycline were used for 4 weeks, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 6 months, and doxycycline... | Doxycycline (six weeks) plus streptomycin (two or three weeks) regimen is more effective regimen than doxycycline plus rifampicin (six weeks) regimen. Since it needs daily intramuscular (IM) injection, access to care and cost are important factors in deciding between two choices. Quinolone plus rifampicin (six weeks) r... |
CD004351 | [
"15625138",
"9509441",
"7732799",
"8454221",
"15511760",
"2180474",
"10207925",
"11942883",
"17012443"
] | [
"Postpartum preeclampsia management with furosemide: a randomized clinical trial.",
"Treatment of hypertension in patients with pre-eclampsia: a prospective parallel-group study comparing dihydralazine with urapidil.",
"Preventing the recurrence of atonic postpartum hemorrhage: a double-blind trial.",
"[Manag... | [
"This investigation was undertaken to estimate whether a brief postpartum course of furosemide for patients with preeclampsia benefits recovery and shortens hospitalization by enhancing diuresis, lessening severe hypertension, and reducing the need for antihypertensive therapy.\n Two hundred sixty-fo... | For women with pre-eclampsia, postnatal furosemide may decrease the need for postnatal antihypertensive therapy in hospital, but more data are needed on substantive outcomes before this practice can be recommended. There are no reliable data to guide management of women who are hypertensive postpartum. Any antihyperten... |
CD004404 | [
"8051377",
"3063043",
"7447362",
"3046651",
"2124233",
"8238160",
"9200361",
"11533321",
"3302916"
] | [
"[Antibiotic prophylaxis in a priori cesarean sections without a high risk of infection. Experiences of a Tunisian maternity department].",
"Failure of topically applied antibiotics, added to systemic prophylaxis, to reduce perineal wound infection in abdominoperineal excision of the rectum.",
"Prophylactic ant... | [
"This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxy on decreasing the frequency of postoperative infections after cesarean sections performed in cases with no prior indication of a high risk of infection.\n A prospective randomized study included 269 cesarean sections without a ... | Although antibiotics were effective in eliminating B. pertussis, they did not alter the subsequent clinical course of the illness. There is insufficient evidence to determine the benefits of prophylactic treatment of pertussis contacts. |
CD000011 | [
"9701860",
"11115952",
"16770291",
"16283835",
"15659884",
"8034823",
"15751766",
"7333851",
"11898244"
] | [
"Evaluation of an instructional program for improving medication compliance for chronically mentally ill outpatients.",
"Prospective randomized two-Arm controlled study to determine the efficacy of a specific intervention to improve long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy.",
"Home visits to ... | [
"Outpatient medication adherence is a major problem, especially for patients repeatedly hospitalized for psychiatric disorders. This study included 39 such patients who were receiving case management services from a community mental health center. Patients were matched and randomly assigned to receive in a single s... | For short-term treatments several quite simple interventions increased adherence and improved patient outcomes, but the effects were inconsistent from study to study with less than half of studies showing benefits. Current methods of improving adherence for chronic health problems are mostly complex and not very effect... |
CD004134 | [
"10065061",
"8667091",
"3977198",
"10335753",
"19250151",
"15249521",
"10723618",
"17893379",
"1861939"
] | [
"An intervention to increase patients' trust in their physicians. Stanford Trust Study Physician Group.",
"Effects of a physician communication intervention on patient care outcomes.",
"Expanding patient involvement in care. Effects on patient outcomes.",
"Further validation and reliability testing of the Tru... | [
"To investigate the effect of a one-day workshop in which physicians were taught trust-building behaviors on their patients' levels of trust and on outcomes of care.\n In 1994, the study recruited 20 community-based family physicians and enrolled 412 consecutive adult patients from those physicians' ... | Overall there remains insufficient evidence to conclude that any intervention may increase or decrease trust in doctors. Further trials are required to explore the impact of policy changes, guidelines and specific doctors' training on patients' trust. |
CD006321 | [
"9322500",
"8998124",
"12557135",
"10896910",
"17545356",
"16772783",
"7634503",
"16244538",
"20522533"
] | [
"Effect of growth hormone, glutamine, and diet on adaptation in short-bowel syndrome: a randomized, controlled study.",
"Low-dose recombinant human growth hormone increases body weight and lean body mass in patients with short bowel syndrome.",
"Low-dose growth hormone in adult home parenteral nutrition-depende... | [
"The effects of parenteral growth hormone, glutamine supplementation, and a high carbohydrate-low fat (HCLF) diet on gut adaptation in short-bowel syndrome are unclear. The aim of this study was to compare effects of this treatment regimen and placebo in patients with short-bowel syndrome.\n A random... | The results suggest a positive effect of human growth hormone on weight gain and energy absorption. However, in the majority of trials, the effects are short-lived returning to baseline shortly after cessation of therapy. The temporary benefit calls into question the clinical utility of this treatment. To date, the ev... |
CD008768 | [
"3094804",
"16296913",
"2403903",
"19926718",
"9063425",
"19042837",
"8283363",
"2038732",
"3092689"
] | [
"Improvement in bronchial hyper-responsiveness in patients with moderate asthma after treatment with a hypnotic technique: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Homeopathy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot randomized-controlled trial.",
"The National Mucolytic Study. Results of a randomized, dou... | [
"A prospective, randomised, single blind, and controlled trial of a hypnotic technique was undertaken in 39 adults with mild to moderate asthma graded for low and high susceptibility to hypnosis. After a six week course of hypnotherapy 12 patients with a high susceptibility score showed a 74.9% improvement (p less ... | There is insufficient evidence to guide the treatment of persistent or intractable hiccups with either pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions.
The paucity of high quality studies indicate a need for randomised placebo-controlled trials of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. As the sy... |
CD007787 | [
"7721374",
"8900567",
"17333792",
"8617554",
"15069729",
"15191380",
"22114904",
"8465408",
"8953680"
] | [
"A randomised multicentre study to compare the safety and efficacy of albendazole and metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in children.",
"[Randomized study comparing the safety and efficacy of albendazole and metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in children].",
"Albendazole versus metronidazole... | [
"A randomised control multicentre study to compare the safety and efficacy of albendazole and metronidazole in the treatment of giardiasis in children is reported. One hundred and fifty children of either sex (age range: 2-10 years) were randomised to receive either a single dose of 400 mg of albendazole suspension... | Albendazole may be of similar effectiveness to metronidazole, may have fewer side effects, and has the advantage of a simplified regimen. Large, high quality trials, assessing clinical outcomes (such as diarrhoea) will help assess further alternatives. |
CD001861 | [
"7821456",
"8013716",
"19158556",
"3873960",
"9676903",
"20839670",
"9404791",
"9076201",
"345534"
] | [
"Oral tetracycline in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosions.",
"The natural history and management of recurrent corneal erosion: a prospective randomised trial.",
"Diamond burr polishing for recurrent corneal erosions: results from a prospective randomized controlled trial.",
"Pathogenesis and treatment... | [
"We report the results of a prospective, randomised controlled, 24 week trial to assess the efficacy of oral tetracycline and oral tetracycline with topical prednisolone in the treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions, i.e. those which fail to respond to standard therapy. A total of 30 patients were ran... | Well-designed, masked, randomised controlled trials using standardised methods are needed to establish the benefits of new and existing prophylactic and treatment regimes for recurrent corneal erosion. International consensus is also needed to progress research efforts towards evaluation of the major effective treatmen... |
CD001823 | [
"9628709",
"18025444",
"12973134",
"15770171",
"11725230",
"10332798",
"12221342",
"10649606",
"15704503"
] | [
"Lumbar supports and education for the prevention of low back pain in industry: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Lumbar supports to prevent recurrent low back pain among home care workers: a randomized trial.",
"Randomized clinical trial of lumbar instrumented fusion and cognitive intervention and exercises in... | [
"Low back pain is a frequent and costly health problem. Prevention of low back pain is important both for the individual patient and from an economic perspective.\n To assess the efficacy of lumbar supports and education in the prevention of low back pain in industry.\n A randomized co... | There is moderate evidence that lumbar supports are not more effective than no intervention or training in preventing low-back pain, and conflicting evidence whether they are effective supplements to other preventive interventions. It remains unclear whether lumbar supports are more effective than no or other intervent... |
CD002187 | [
"12547849",
"9796881",
"12453954",
"11692178",
"9952201",
"15834030",
"12106522",
"12610037",
"16490019"
] | [
"Sildenafil citrate for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with type 1 diabetes: results of a randomized controlled trial.",
"Sildenafil: study of a novel oral treatment for erectile dysfunction in diabetic men.",
"Effects of tadalafil on erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes.",
"Sildenafil citrate ... | [
"In the 5-10% of diabetic men with type 1 diabetes, erectile dysfunction (ED) may be a particularly common and unwanted complication. This is the first study focusing exclusively on the effects of sildenafil in men with type 1 diabetes and ED.\n A total of 188 patients were entered into a double-blin... | Sufficient evidence exists that PDE-5 inhibitors form a care that improves erectile dysfunction in diabetic men. |
CD006126 | [
"14568795",
"1596225",
"16512765",
"1596224",
"1702696",
"11281468",
"8885917",
"18434839",
"11006204"
] | [
"Evaluation of topical povidone-iodine in chronic suppurative otitis media.",
"Vitrectomy with silicone oil or perfluoropropane gas in eyes with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy: results of a randomized clinical trial. Silicone Study Report 2.",
"Periodontal debridement with povidone-iodine in periodontal... | [
"To evaluate if povidone-iodine (PVP-I) can be used topically in the treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media-tubotympanic disease and to compare it with ciprofloxacin hydrochloride ear drops.\n Prospective double-blind randomized study.\n Academic tertiary medical center.\n ... | The use of either C3F8 or silicone oil appears reasonable for most patients with RD associated with PVR. Because there do not appear to be any major differences in outcomes between the two agents, the choice of a tamponade agent should be individualized for each patient. |
CD009095 | [
"11298072",
"15066200",
"19093922",
"15385274",
"17973175",
"19843492",
"11999177",
"11490051",
"15831542"
] | [
"Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of a clinical pharmacy intervention in 52 nursing homes.",
"An outreach intervention to implement evidence based practice in residential care: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN67855475].",
"Effect of computerized provider order entry with clinical decision support ... | [
"To evaluate whether a year long clinical pharmacy program involving development of professional relationships, nurse education on medication issues, and individualized medication reviews could change drug use, mortality and morbidity in nursing home residents.\n A cluster randomised controlled trial... | Robust conclusions could not be drawn from the evidence due to variability in design, interventions, outcomes and results. The interventions implemented in the studies in this review led to the identification and resolution of medication-related problems, however evidence of an effect on resident-related outcomes was n... |
CD003990 | [
"7040192",
"16723306",
"8934063",
"22066891",
"11747873",
"3781003",
"15707560",
"8213103",
"2686456"
] | [
"Oral contraception in diabetic women. A cross-over study on serum and high density lipoprotein (HDL) lipids and diabetes control during progestogen and combined estrogen/progestogen contraception.",
"Contraception in perimenopausal women with diabetes mellitus.",
"Investigation of the influence of two low-dose... | [
"Twenty-three young women with insulin-dependent diabetes were randomly allocated to contraceptive treatment with either a progestogen only (Lynestrenol 0.5 mg) (LYN) or a combined oral contraceptive (OC) (ethinyl estradiol 50 micrograms + lynestrenol 2.5 micrograms) (EE + LYN). After six months treatment the medic... | The four included randomised controlled trials in this systematic review provided insufficient evidence to assess whether progestogen-only and combined contraceptives differ from non-hormonal contraceptives in diabetes control, lipid metabolism and complications. Three of the four studies were of limited methodological... |
CD004903 | [
"20140352",
"8873389",
"11642629",
"11738746",
"7475716",
"15844075",
"12850358",
"15545857",
"14523142"
] | [
"Ineffectiveness for infants of immunization of mothers with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine during pregnancy.",
"Immunization with a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine during pregnancy.",
"Effect of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine on the occurrence of respiratory infections and antibiot... | [
"Pneumococcal (Pnc) carriage is associated with pneumococcal diseases. Breast feeding and maternal vaccination may be a useful approach to prevent pneumococcal infection in young infants. We examined the risk of Pnc carriage by infants at six months of age after pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination of pregnant w... | There is insufficient evidence to assess whether pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy could reduce infant infections. |
CD006395 | [
"20233384",
"8238130",
"2223677",
"2240110",
"10428520",
"15294856",
"12745558",
"8116706",
"2003537"
] | [
"Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (3 of 7): evidence for effectiveness of interventions.",
"Antibiotic treatment of preterm labor with intact membranes: a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.",
"Failure to prevent preterm labour and delivery in twin pregnancy using pro... | [
"Interventions directed toward mothers before and during pregnancy and childbirth may help reduce preterm births and stillbirths. Survival of preterm newborns may also be improved with interventions given during these times or soon after birth. This comprehensive review assesses existing interventions for low- and ... | There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the use of prophylactic oral betamimetics for preventing preterm birth in women at high risk of preterm labour with a singleton pregnancy. |
CD003819 | [
"6278919",
"9109607",
"7601080",
"2997259",
"10447245",
"8027227",
"3381638",
"6084463",
"11916762"
] | [
"The effects of oral iodized oil on intelligence, thyroid status, and somatic growth in school-age children from an area of endemic goiter.",
"Infant survival is improved by oral iodine supplementation.",
"The effect of varying doses of oral iodized oil in the prophylaxis of endemic goitre in elementary schools... | [
"One hundred goitrous school children received 475 mg iodized oil by mouth, while 100 controls received mineral oil, on a double-blind basis. On follow-up 22 months later the urinary iodine had increased and goiter size had decreased in both groups, more strikingly in the iodine-treated children. There were no cons... | Despite most of the included studies being of low quality, the results suggest that iodine supplementation, especially iodised oil, is an effective means of decreasing goitre rates and improving iodine status in children. Indications of positive effects on physical and mental development and mortality were seen, althou... |
CD001116 | [
"2116678",
"17805077",
"20363839",
"18684843",
"11518437",
"12584541",
"1995211",
"4076354",
"10325893"
] | [
"Benefits and problems of a physical training programme for asthmatic patients.",
"Exercise training on disease control and quality of life in asthmatic children.",
"Effects of aerobic training on psychosocial morbidity and symptoms in patients with asthma: a randomized clinical trial.",
"Physical training do... | [
"The clinical and physiological effects of a medically supervised, indoor physical training programme were investigated in 36 asthmatic subjects aged 16-40 years. After clinical evaluation, lung function assessment, and progressive incremental exercise testing subjects were randomly allocated to control and trainin... | This review demonstrated that physical training can improve cardiopulmonary fitness and was well tolerated among people with asthma in the included studies. As such, people with stable asthma should be encouraged to partake in regular exercise training, without fear of symptom exacerbation. |
CD003545 | [
"350861",
"238810",
"3063660",
"1683336",
"800384",
"9519098",
"1107360",
"12734763",
"329323"
] | [
"A twelve month comparison of penfluridol and trifluoperazine in chronic schizophrenic outpatients.",
"A double-blind comparison of loxitane--loxapine succinate and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in chronic schizophrenic patients.",
"Comparative short-term evaluation of penfluridol and trifluoperazine in chronic... | [
"This investigation is a 52-week double-blind study comparing the efficacy and safety of penfluridol and trifluoperazine in 25 chronic schizophrenic outpatients. Penfluridol was administered once weekly and trifluoperazine daily. Measurements were made at baseline, various fixed intervals during the study period an... | Although there are shortcomings and gaps in the data, there appears to be enough consistency over different outcomes and periods to confirm that trifluoperazine is an antipsychotic of similar efficacy to other commonly used neuroleptics for people with schizophrenia. Its adverse events profile is similar to that of oth... |
CD001218 | [
"16674760",
"16545747",
"18209514",
"2520420",
"12390610",
"15870415",
"17868354",
"17955168",
"17115982"
] | [
"Acupuncture in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized sham-controlled trial.",
"Efficacy of acupuncture for the prophylaxis of migraine: a multicentre randomised controlled clinical trial.",
"Acupuncture in migraine prevention: a randomized sham controlled study with 6-months posttreatment follow-up.",
"A contro... | [
"The purpose of the present trial was to evaluate semi-standardized acupuncture efficacy in migraine prophylaxis. Twenty-eight subjects with migraine were randomized to the real or sham acupuncture groups. Semi-standardized and standardized minimal acupuncture were used, respectively, in the two groups of patients.... | In the previous version of this review, evidence in support of acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis was considered promising but insufficient. Now, with 12 additional trials, there is consistent evidence that acupuncture provides additional benefit to treatment of acute migraine attacks only or to routine care. There i... |
CD005379 | [
"20410089",
"18678826",
"19436468",
"16926660",
"16325968",
"14669965",
"18514501",
"17267927",
"11356585"
] | [
"Effect of 2-y n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive function in older people: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.",
"Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects: a randomized, controlled trial.",
"Omega-3 fatty acid treatment of children with attenti... | [
"Increased consumption of n-3 (omega-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may maintain cognitive function in later life.\n We tested the hypothesis that n-3 LC PUFA supplementation would benefit cognitive function... | Direct evidence on the effect of omega-3 PUFA on incident dementia is lacking. The available trials showed no benefit of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on cognitive function in cognitively healthy older people. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation is generally well tolerated with the most commonly reported side-effect being mild... |
CD002881 | [
"12740260",
"7519567",
"11985388",
"1595097",
"6394516",
"15510930",
"19150064",
"17456571",
"3067313"
] | [
"Comparison of acetazolamide and medroxyprogesterone as respiratory stimulants in hypercapnic patients with COPD.",
"Effects of chlormadinone acetate, acetazolamide and oxygen on awake and asleep gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).",
"Efficacy and tolerability of acetazol... | [
"Acetazolamide and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) are two respiratory stimulants that can be used in patients with stable hypercapnic COPD.\n The effects of acetazolamide, 250 mg bid, and MPA, 30 mg bid, on daytime and nighttime blood gas values and the influences on the hypercapnic and hypoxic ve... | Acetazolamide can produce a small increase in arterial PO2 and fall in PCO2. These conclusions are drawn from a few small short studies that were not all of high quality. It is not known whether this physiological improvement is associated with clinical benefit. |
CD006369 | [
"17466492",
"18165460",
"17601495",
"19411369",
"16085789",
"15641867",
"17092691",
"16267634",
"16889453"
] | [
"Efficacy, safety and early response of paliperidone extended-release tablets (paliperidone ER): results of a 6-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study.",
"Safety and tolerability of oral paliperidone extended-release tablets in elderly patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study with... | [
"Paliperidone extended-release tablet (paliperidone ER) is an oral psychotropic agent developed for schizophrenia treatment. Paliperidone (9-OH-risperidone, metabolite of risperidone), when used with OROS technology has a unique pharmacokinetic profile undergoing limited hepatic metabolism.\n The eff... | In short-term studies, oral paliperidone is an antipsychotic drug that is more efficacious than placebo. We found its adverse effects to be similar to those of its parent compound, risperidone, with movement disorders, weight gain and tachycardia all more common with paliperidone than placebo. While no difference was f... |
CD001271 | [
"12433764",
"10632281",
"10764365",
"12149523",
"10764366",
"15171968",
"9476082",
"10640121",
"11742777"
] | [
"Nurse led follow up and conventional medical follow up in management of patients with lung cancer: randomised trial.",
"Primary care outcomes in patients treated by nurse practitioners or physicians: a randomized trial.",
"Nurse management of patients with minor illnesses in general practice: multicentre, rand... | [
"To assess the effectiveness of nurse led follow up in the management of patients with lung cancer.\n Randomised controlled trial.\n Specialist cancer hospital and three cancer units in southeastern England.\n 203 patients with lung cancer who had completed their initial... | The findings suggest that appropriately trained nurses can produce as high quality care as primary care doctors and achieve as good health outcomes for patients. However, this conclusion should be viewed with caution given that only one study was powered to assess equivalence of care, many studies had methodological li... |
CD007320 | [
"10088770",
"15200744",
"12867587",
"8452573",
"12110735",
"10851672",
"8638750",
"10401657",
"9858441"
] | [
"Effects of joint lavage and steroid injection in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial.",
"Assessment of the efficacy of joint lavage versus joint lavage plus corticoids in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.",
"A randomized placebo-controlled tr... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy of joint lavage and intraarticular steroid injection, alone and in combination, in the treatment of patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).\n Ninety-eight patients with painful tibiofemoral OA were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled, 2 x 2 factoria... | Joint lavage does not result in a relevant benefit for patients with knee osteoarthritis in terms of pain relief or improvement of function. |
CD003998 | [
"7002129",
"11769996",
"11981385",
"14653370",
"9726671",
"22429944",
"12218617",
"12707659",
"14586625"
] | [
"The efficacy of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss. A double-blind clinical study.",
"Steroids, carbogen or placebo for sudden hearing loss: a prospective double-blind study.",
"Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with systemic steroids and valacyclovir.",
"Treatment of id... | [
"Double-blind studies were conducted for the treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) with oral steroids. The condition was defined as not less than a 30-dB loss over three contiguous frequencies in three days or less. Follow-up audiograms were obtained four weeks and three months later. Specific audiolog... | The value of steroids in the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss remains unclear since the evidence obtained from randomised controlled trials is contradictory in outcome, in part because the studies are based upon too small a number of patients. |
CD002806 | [
"8612863",
"7324819",
"15712076",
"16790652",
"7324820",
"20214205",
"20520555",
"9767241",
"11801830"
] | [
"Comparison of intravenous albumin and transfer of fresh embryos with cryopreservation of all embryos for subsequent transfer in prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.",
"Albumin treatment following major surgery. I. Effects on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral oedema.",
"Randomiz... | [
"To compare the efficacy of administration i.v. albumin to prevent severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF with a standard policy of cryopreserving all embryos and to assess the impact of the two methods of treatment on pregnancy rates (PRs).\n ... | This updated of the review (D'Angelo 2002) has showed that there is insufficient evidence to support routine cryopreservation and insufficient evidence for the relative merits of intra-venous albumin versus cryopreservation. |
CD006804 | [
"14598412",
"7489170",
"11729380",
"16365239",
"10653232",
"9448615",
"20174950",
"1534528",
"11928028"
] | [
"Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with mini-instruments.",
"Randomized trial of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and mini-cholecystectomy.",
"Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus mini-laparotomy cholecystectomy: a prospective, randomized, single-blind study.",
"Advantages of mini... | [
"The outcomes after traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC; one 10-mm port, one 12-mm port and two 5-mm ports) and minilaparoscopic cholecystectomy (MLC; three 3-mm ports and one 12-mm port) for gallstone disease were compared.\n The study was a randomized, single-blind trial comparing LC with ... | Miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be completed successfully in more than 85% of patients. Patients, in whom elective miniport laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed successfully, had lower pain than those who underwent standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, because of the lack of information on its... |
CD005471 | [
"10625126",
"11375232",
"15762903",
"12391951",
"12817353",
"11467270",
"15831542",
"17935636",
"15194252"
] | [
"In-house referral: a primary care alternative to immediate secondary care referral?",
"Pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate guidelines for the management of infertility across the primary care-secondary care interface.",
"Can computer-generated evidence-based care suggestions enhance evidence-base... | [
"Methods are needed to ensure that those patients referred from primary to secondary care are those most likely to benefit. In-house referral is the referral of a patient by a general practitioner to another general practitioner within the same practice for a second opinion on the need for secondary care referral.\... | There are a limited number of rigorous evaluations to base policy on. Active local educational interventions involving secondary care specialists and structured referral sheets are the only interventions shown to impact on referral rates based on current evidence. The effects of 'in-house' second opinion and other inte... |
CD000230 | [
"10617955",
"19658043",
"15118650",
"8906006",
"2816802",
"15640476",
"19902797",
"10357748",
"9537309"
] | [
"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome in Bangladeshi urban poor.",
"Effects of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome in women with history of preterm delivery: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial.",
... | [
"Maternal zinc supplementation has been suggested as a potential intervention to reduce the incidence of low birth weight in developing countries. To date, placebo-controlled trials have all been performed in industrialized countries and the results are inconsistent.\n The objective of this study was... | The evidence for a 14% relative reduction in preterm birth for zinc compared with placebo was primarily represented by trials involving women of low income and this has some relevance in areas of high perinatal mortality. There was no convincing evidence that zinc supplementation during pregnancy results in other usefu... |
CD003571 | [
"16356437",
"16840742",
"16263999",
"16439720",
"16585078",
"9781732",
"9922408",
"10579259",
"14735178"
] | [
"Noninvasive therapy with helium-oxygen for severe bronchiolitis.",
"Helium-hyperoxia, exercise, and respiratory mechanics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.",
"Helium/oxygen-driven albuterol nebulization in the treatment of children with moderate to severe asthma exacerbations: a randomized, controlled ... | [
"To determine whether noninvasive therapy using a helium-oxygen mixture reduces the use of positive-pressure ventilation in the treatment of respiratory failure caused by severe bronchiolitis.\n This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that recruited infants in 4 ped... | There is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of helium-oxygen mixtures to treat acute exacerbations of COPD in either ventilated or non-ventilated patients. Suitably designed randomised controlled trials with the endpoint being the avoidance of mechanical ventilation may be justified. |
CD003022 | [
"9286191",
"7884018",
"8685930",
"9477929",
"7811160",
"12183009",
"3882677",
"7491646",
"9219147"
] | [
"Addition of desipramine to serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder.",
"Is baseline agitation a relative contraindication for a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor: a comparative trial of fluoxetine versus imipramine.",
"Effects of fluoxetine and maprotiline on func... | [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether combined treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, desipramine, effectively reduces obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients who do not respond to SSRIs.\n In a double-blind study, desip... | Fluoxetine, amlodipine, imipramine and desipramine have very limited benefits for amphetamine dependence and abuse. Fluoxetine may decrease craving in short-term treatment. Imipramine may increase duration of adherence to treatment in medium-term treatment. Apart from these, no other benefits can be found. This limited... |
CD006647 | [
"19783136",
"3275486",
"11745871",
"6512582",
"2213103",
"18286501",
"17308269",
"9440727",
"9324339"
] | [
"Sequential high-dose chemotherapy for children with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma.",
"The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-I. A final report.",
"Comparison of long-term outcome of children and adolescents with disseminated non-lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with COMP or daunomycin-COMP: A report fro... | [
"The RMS4.99 study was designed to explore the role of multiple sequential high-dose chemotherapy cycles administered early in the treatment of children with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma.\n Seventy patients were enrolled and received three cycles of initial standard chemotherapy, followed by a course ... | At the moment no evidence from RCTs is available which underscores the use of anthracyclines in ALL. However, "no evidence of effect", as identified in this review, is not the same as "evidence of no effect". For Wilms' tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma/undifferentiated sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and hepatob... |
CD005256 | [
"1919895",
"8708885",
"8229533",
"10772372",
"10432161",
"3755099",
"1941406",
"3142984",
"8176571"
] | [
"Introduction of intravenous lipid administration on the first day of life in the very low birth weight neonate.",
"Randomised trial of effect of delayed intravenous lipid administration on chronic lung disease in preterm neonates.",
"Effect of early initiation of intravenous lipid administration on the inciden... | [
"To investigate lipid tolerance in sick, ventilator-dependent, very low birth weight infants from the first day of life and the effects of early introduction of intravenously administered lipid (IVL) on glucose homeostasis.\n Twenty-nine infants in the neonatal intensive care unit with birth weight l... | No statistically significant effects of 'early introduction' of lipids on short term nutritional or other clinical outcomes, either benefits or adverse effects, were demonstrated in the studies reviewed. Based on the currently available evidence, 'early' initiation of lipids (≤ 5 days after birth) can not be recommende... |
CD008123 | [
"16452558",
"17189085",
"11729708",
"1614462",
"8133853",
"8247075",
"17195712",
"17718278",
"16988850"
] | [
"Human botulism immune globulin for the treatment of infant botulism.",
"Clinical evaluation of a new starter formula for infants containing live Bifidobacterium longum BL999 and prebiotics.",
"Oral bacterial therapy promotes recovery from acute diarrhea in children.",
"Intravenous immune globulin for the pre... | [
"We created the orphan drug Human Botulism Immune Globulin Intravenous (Human) (BIG-IV), which neutralizes botulinum toxin, and evaluated its safety and efficacy in treating infant botulism, the intestinal-toxemia form of human botulism.\n We performed a five-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-c... | There is good evidence supporting the use of human-derived botulinum immune globulin in infant intestinal botulism. A single randomized controlled trial demonstrated significant decreases in the duration of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation and tube or parenteral feeding among treated patients. Our search did not... |
CD005225 | [
"12666111",
"18608103",
"15534251",
"14531817",
"15984021",
"7585833",
"14557561",
"16599263",
"17548549"
] | [
"A randomized sequential trial of creatine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.",
"Creatine monohydrate in ALS: effects on strength, fatigue, respiratory status and ALSFRS.",
"A clinical trial of creatine in ALS.",
"Supplemented very low protein diet ameliorates responsiveness to erythropoietin in chronic renal ... | [
"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease with no cure. In a transgenic mouse model of ALS, creatine monohydrate showed a promising increase in survival. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential clinical trial to assess the effect of creatine monohydrate on survival and disease prog... | In patients already diagnosed with clinically probable or definite ALS, creatine at doses ranging from 5 to 10 g per day did not have a statistically significant effect on survival, ALSFRS-R progression or percent predicted FVC progression. |
CD007963 | [
"16911345",
"16139183",
"16674606",
"17190958",
"15820913",
"19962354",
"19208440",
"17574448",
"15596757"
] | [
"A randomized, placebo-controlled study of oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathy.",
"Oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.",
"Oxcarbazepine in painful diabetic neuropathy: results of a dose-ranging study.",
"Efficacy of oxcarbazepine for prophylaxis again... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxcarbazepine (1200 mg/day) in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy in a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 16-week study.\n A total of 141 patients were randomized to oxcarbazepine (1200 mg/day) (n = 71) or placebo (n = 70). The primary effica... | On the basis of moderate quality evidence from one trial in diabetic peripheral neuropathy, oxcarbazepine is effective in reducing pain for this condition. However, this conclusion does not take into account negative results from other trials in diabetic peripheral neuropathy that could not be included in our meta-anal... |
CD004435 | [
"17121868",
"8625679",
"15860720",
"8681614",
"17494789",
"11868136",
"15072173",
"17552379",
"10084491"
] | [
"Randomised study of three non-surgical treatments in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea.",
"A randomized crossover study of an oral appliance vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea.",
"Randomised controlled crossover trial of humidified con... | [
"Patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may be managed with different treatment options. This study compared the effectiveness of three commonly used non-surgical treatment modalities.\n Subjects with mild to moderate OSA were randomised to one of three treatment groups for 10 ... | There is increasing evidence suggesting that OA improves subjective sleepiness and sleep disordered breathing compared with a control. CPAP appears to be more effective in improving sleep disordered breathing than OA. The difference in symptomatic response between these two treatments is not significant, although it is... |
CD004909 | [
"2569550",
"9215204",
"1547173",
"15592281",
"12748513",
"11084540",
"6567853",
"8399011",
"12240812"
] | [
"Routine formal fetal movement counting and risk of antepartum late death in normally formed singletons.",
"A randomized controlled trial of a new fetal acoustic stimulation test for fetal well-being.",
"Randomized trial of amniotomy in labour versus the intention to leave membranes intact until the second stag... | [
"The routine recommendation to women to count fetal movements daily during late pregnancy for the prevention of antepartum late fetal death in normally formed singletons has been evaluated. 68,000 women were randomly allocated within thirty-three pairs of clusters either to a policy of routine counting or to standa... | This review does not provide enough evidence to influence practice. In particular, no trials compared fetal movement counting with no fetal movement counting. Robust research is needed in this area.
[Note: the four citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the review on... |
CD001206 | [
"17556431",
"17984403",
"321508",
"20067456",
"16113617",
"12731640",
"20080928",
"12668405",
"11191690"
] | [
"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and routine specialist care with and without cognitive behaviour therapy in adolescents with major depression: randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomized controlled trial of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy in adolescents with major depression, behavio... | [
"To determine whether a combination of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) together with clinical care is more effective in the short term than an SSRI and clinical care alone in adolescents with moderate to severe major depression.\n Pragmatic rando... | Medication appears effective in treating SP over the short term (particularly amongst the SSRIs), and the long term. Nevertheless, the possibility of publication bias has to be acknowledged. Additional issues for future research include the use of medication in children and adolescents with SP, SP with comorbid psychia... |
CD007751 | [
"11181984",
"12692572",
"14709198",
"17591533",
"18721168",
"11855793",
"9314638",
"4018423",
"10082500"
] | [
"Randomized placebo-controlled trial of perindopril in normotensive, normoalbuminuric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.",
"Distinct time courses of renal protective action of angiotensin receptor antagonists and ACE inhibitors in chronic renal disease.",
"A 2-year pilot trial of continuous subcutaneous in... | [
"Diabetic nephropathy is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. We examined whether ACE inhibitor treatment may have a nephroprotective effect in normotensive insulin-dependent diabetic patients without microalbuminuria and with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and whether any effect was asso... | Our review demonstrated that there is currently insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of ACEi or ARB in patients with stage 1 to 3 CKD who do not have diabetes mellitus. We have identified an area of significant uncertainty for a group of patients who account for most of those labelled as having CKD. |
CD003721 | [
"17047645",
"10944557",
"16427245",
"16377604",
"15280342",
"16055276",
"12915873",
"12394349",
"16999640"
] | [
"Familial breast cancer: management of 'lower risk' referrals.",
"Randomized trial of a specialist genetic assessment service for familial breast cancer.",
"Results of a randomized study of telephone versus in-person breast cancer risk counseling.",
"Facilitating informed decision making about breast cancer r... | [
"Up to 40% of referrals from primary care to 'breast cancer family clinics' prove to be of women whose assessed risk falls below the guidelines' threshold for management in secondary or tertiary care, despite recommendations that they should be screened out at primary care level. A randomised trial, involving 87 su... | This review found favourable outcomes for patients after risk assessment for familial breast cancer. However, there were too few papers to make any significant conclusions about how best to deliver cancer genetic risk-assessment services. Further research is needed assessing the best means of delivering cancer risk ass... |
CD004014 | [
"22067717",
"18378748",
"21561348",
"22648445",
"21864325",
"19583714",
"20664388",
"21252735",
"19546759"
] | [
"Colporrhaphy compared with mesh or graft-reinforced vaginal paravaginal repair for anterior vaginal wall prolapse: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Outcome after anterior vaginal prolapse repair: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Anterior colporrhaphy versus transvaginal mesh for pelvic-organ prolapse.",
"A... | [
"To report 2-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial comparing standard anterior colporrhaphy with reinforced vaginal paravaginal repair using xenograft or synthetic mesh in women with symptomatic anterior vaginal wall prolapse.\n Women with stage II or greater anterior prolapse were randomly ... | Sacral colpopexy has superior outcomes to a variety of vaginal procedures including sacrospinous colpopexy, uterosacral colpopexy and transvaginal mesh. These benefits must be balanced against a longer operating time, longer time to return to activities of daily living, and increased cost of the abdominal approach.
The... |
CD004293 | [
"2271083",
"18094377",
"9709470",
"15082482",
"3533699",
"20605876",
"779796",
"8381187",
"11087152"
] | [
"Renal allograft immunosuppression. II. A randomized trial of withdrawal of one drug in triple drug immunosuppression.",
"Reduced exposure to calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation.",
"Oral cyclophosphamide versus chlorambucil in the treatment of patients with membranous nephropathy and renal insuffici... | [
"A prospective randomized study was conducted to evaluate the impact of four different conversion protocols on graft outcome in long-term follow-up. Between January 1986 and May 1987, 128 patients with first cadaveric kidney allografts were randomized at the time of transplantation to four treatment groups of 32 pa... | This review failed to show any long-term effect of immunosuppressive treatment on patient and/or renal survival. There was an increased number of discontinuations due to adverse events in immunosuppressive treatment groups. Within the class of alkylating agents there is weak evidence supporting the efficacy of cyclopho... |
CD003707 | [
"11897644",
"16137357",
"16557151",
"8951252",
"15271109",
"19001507",
"11115443",
"10556125",
"19239703"
] | [
"Prospective, randomized, controlled pilot study of partial liquid ventilation in adult acute respiratory distress syndrome.",
"High frequency oscillatory ventilation compared with conventional mechanical ventilation in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN24242669].",
"A hi... | [
"We evaluated the safety and efficacy of partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perflubron in adult patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a multicenter, prospective, controlled, randomized exploratory clinical trial. Ninety adult patients with PaO2/FIO2 ratios > 60 and... | There is no evidence from randomized controlled trials to support or refute the use of partial liquid ventilation in adults with ALI or ARDS; adequately powered, high quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to assess its efficacy. Clinically relevant outcome measures should be assessed (especially mortali... |
CD000200 | [
"15680453",
"2651586",
"10471432",
"2926492",
"9818860",
"17522511",
"2222242",
"2783342",
"18491950"
] | [
"Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial.",
"The treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. A prospective randomized trial of surgic... | [
"Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage accounts for 20% of all stroke-related sudden neurological deficits, has the highest morbidity and mortality of all stroke, and the role of surgery remains controversial. We undertook a prospective randomised trial to compare early surgery with initial conservat... | In patients with CT-proven primary supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage, surgery added to medical management reduces the odds of being dead or dependent compared with medical management alone, but the result is not very robust. Hence, further randomised trials to identify which patients benefit from surgery and to ... |
CD007274 | [
"16128939",
"18836622",
"19340730",
"11427833",
"12929065",
"18274461",
"8676228",
"17063108",
"11133600"
] | [
"Sedation with propofol for routine ERCP in high-risk octogenarians: a randomized, controlled study.",
"Propofol infusion versus intermittent meperidine and midazolam injection for conscious sedation in ERCP.",
"Sedation with propofol for interventional endoscopy by trained nurses in high-risk octogenarians: a ... | [
"Adequate patient sedation is mandatory for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). In this respect it is known that the short-acting anesthetic propofol offers certain potential advantages for sedation during ERCP, but there are no controlled studies concerning the feasibi... | Results from individual studies suggested that patients have a better recovery profile after propofol sedation for ERCP procedures than after midazolam and meperidine sedation. As there was no difference between the two sedation techniques as regards safety, propofol sedation is probably preferred for patients undergoi... |
CD006536 | [
"17764767",
"19508995",
"10069785",
"2783753",
"12695272",
"20520555",
"17521544",
"3903732",
"15997043"
] | [
"Three-, 6-, and 12-month results of autologous transplantation of mononuclear bone marrow cells in patients with acute myocardial infarction.",
"Long-term myocardial functional improvement after autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells transplantation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: ... | [
"There are only few data on long-term effectiveness of the stem cell therapy.\n We studied the time course of global and regional left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction within 1 year after the autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation.\n Si... | Despite the high degree of heterogeneity observed, the results of this systematic review suggest that moderate improvement in global heart function is significant and sustained long-term. However, because mortality rates after successful revascularization of the culprit arteries are very low, larger number of participa... |
CD008469 | [
"12403858",
"10705068",
"22353006",
"10888694",
"20477733",
"16777829",
"19948623",
"17892588",
"12612228"
] | [
"Home-based asthma education of young low-income children and their families.",
"Pilot study of a home-based asthma health education program.",
"Home-based family intervention for low-income children with asthma: a randomized controlled pilot study.",
"An evaluation of an innovative multimedia educational sof... | [
"To conduct a controlled trial of a home-based education program for low-income caregivers of young children with asthma.\n Participants were randomized to treatment-eight weekly asthma education sessions adapted from the Wee Wheezers program (n = 49)-or usual care (n = 46). Baseline and 3- and 12-mo... | We found inconsistent evidence for home-based asthma educational interventions compared to standard care, education delivered outside of the home or a less intensive educational intervention delivered at home. Although education remains a key component of managing asthma in children, advocated in numerous guidelines, t... |
CD004626 | [
"17485707",
"1614465",
"9549924",
"9746766",
"16029455",
"19000234",
"19681881",
"11571454",
"10573067"
] | [
"Prospective, randomized study of single compared with double autologous stem-cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: Bologna 96 clinical study.",
"Cumulative meta-analysis of therapeutic trials for myocardial infarction.",
"A randomized trial of high dose polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIgG) vs. Cy... | [
"We performed a prospective, randomized study of single (arm A) versus double (arm B) autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) for younger patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM).\n A total of 321 patients were enrolled onto the study and were randomly assigned to receive either a sing... | We did not consider any study to be sufficiently informative for contemporary treatment decisions concerning the question single versus tandem ASCT in view of inherent biases. In addition, none of the trials integrated the so-called "novel agents" which are now considered standard treatment for MM. To improve the quali... |
CD003240 | [
"17335327",
"6437487",
"482458",
"11042232",
"16053592",
"4063589",
"8678176",
"7660408",
"7715644"
] | [
"Are day hospitals effective for acutely ill psychiatric patients? A European multicenter randomized controlled trial.",
"Day hospital rehabilitation--effectiveness and cost in the elderly: a randomised controlled trial.",
"Day hospital versus outpatient treatment: a controlled study.",
"The results of a rand... | [
"Acute psychiatric day care has been proposed as an alternative to conventional inpatient care, yet the evidence of its effectiveness is inconsistent and based only on single-site studies in 3 countries. The aim of this multicenter randomized controlled trial was to establish the effectiveness of acute day hospital... | Evidence is limited and dated. Day hospital care may help avoid inpatient care but data are lacking on missing on a raft of outcomes that are now considered important, such as quality of life, satisfaction, healthy days, and cost. |
CD005216 | [
"19049993",
"12452468",
"16045525",
"15878927",
"17400850",
"14585880",
"7885426",
"16709204",
"11006200"
] | [
"A randomized trial to compare two dosing intervals of misoprostol following mifepristone administration in second trimester medical abortion.",
"A randomised study of misoprostol and gemeprost in combination with mifepristone for induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy.",
"A randomised contr... | [
"The conventional timing of misoprostol administration after mifepristone for second trimester medical abortion is 36-48 h, but simultaneous administration, which may make the regimen more convenient, has not been studied. The objective of this randomized comparison study is to compare two intervals of administrati... | Medical abortion in the second trimester using the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol appeared to have the highest efficacy and shortest abortion time interval. Where mifepristone is not available, misoprostol alone is a reasonable alternative. The optimal route for administering misoprostol is vaginally, pref... |
CD006875 | [
"1281650",
"10213009",
"7683942",
"18427022",
"9350242",
"950706",
"11483325",
"20490797",
"3683485"
] | [
"General condition of asymptomatic patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy. A longitudinal study.",
"A phase III study of irinotecan (CPT-11) versus best supportive care in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have failed 5-fluorouracil therapy. V301 Study Group.",
"... | [
"A Nordic multicenter study in asymptomatic patients with advanced colorectal cancer compared initial chemotherapy with sequential methotrexate-5-FU with leucovorin rescue (MFL) for 6 months versus primary expectancy with chemotherapy only after the appearance of symptoms. The study (183 patients randomized between... | Second-line chemotherapy is effective in prolonging time to progression and survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Further RCTs are needed to assess the optimal chemotherapy regimen. |
CD005091 | [
"10713806",
"11758844",
"9255195",
"9715552",
"10049962",
"15217172",
"12032787",
"12858823",
"11303823"
] | [
"Randomized controlled trial of once vs. twice daily gentamicin therapy in newborn.",
"Gentamicin in neonatal infection: once versus twice daily dosage.",
"Pharmacokinetics of once-daily dosing of gentamicin in neonates.",
"Gentamicin therapy in preterms: a comparison of two dosage regimens.",
"Once- versus... | [
"To compare the efficacy of once daily gentamicin administration to the conventional twice daily dosage schedule by estimation of serum gentamicin concentrations (SGC) in neonates.\n Randomized controlled trial.\n Medical college hospital.\n Seventy three neonates of ges... | There is insufficient evidence from the currently available RCTs to conclude whether 'once a day' or 'multiple doses a day' regimen of gentamicin is superior in treating proven neonatal sepsis. However, data suggests that pharmacokinetic properties of 'once a day' gentamicin regimen are superior to 'multiple doses a da... |
CD003765 | [
"15636813",
"15321547",
"15636857",
"11952447",
"646154",
"19115653",
"12693997",
"3176835",
"15636905"
] | [
"Spinal or epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section? A Swedish experience.",
"Combined spinal epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section: a randomised comparison of Oxford, lateral and sitting positions.",
"Anaesthetic technique for elective caesarean section and neurobehavioural status of newborns."... | [
"Ninety seven women undergoing elective lower segment caesarean section were randomly divided into two groups, group 1 received spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine and group 2 received mepivacaine 20 mg/ml with adrenaline 5 microg/ml via an epidural catheter. All patients were given a preload of Ringer a... | Both spinal and epidural techniques are shown to provide effective anaesthesia for caesarean section. Both techniques are associated with moderate degrees of maternal satisfaction. Spinal anaesthesia has a shorter onset time, but treatment for hypotension is more likely if spinal anaesthesia is used. No conclusions can... |
CD003939 | [
"2842403",
"1320133",
"9709043",
"1350804",
"9147157",
"14990402",
"10819810",
"2161308",
"19023429"
] | [
"A clinical trial of nonoxynol-9 for preventing gonococcal and chlamydial infections.",
"Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes.",
"A controlled trial of nonoxynol 9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted ... | [
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the spermicidal agent nonoxynol-9 as prophylaxis for cervical infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Eight hundred eighteen women were recruited from a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Only subjects wh... | There is good evidence that nonoxynol-9 does not protect against sexually transmitted infections, and there is some evidence that it may be harmful by increasing the rate of genital ulceration. As such, this product cannot be recommended for STI prevention. |
CD007076 | [
"18400400",
"18278830",
"15818684",
"15596757",
"15911152",
"17703885",
"17631400",
"15820913",
"18524684"
] | [
"Fibromyalgia relapse evaluation and efficacy for durability of meaningful relief (FREEDOM): a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with pregabalin.",
"A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of pregabalin in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia.",
"Pregabalin for the t... | [
"This was a multicenter, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled, randomized discontinuation trial to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin monotherapy for durability of effect on fibromyalgia (FM) pain. The trial included a 6-week open-label (OL) pregabalin-treatment period followed by 26-week DB treatment with placeb... | Pregabalin has proven efficacy in neuropathic pain conditions and fibromyalgia. A minority of patients will have substantial benefit with pregabalin, and more will have moderate benefit. Many will have no or trivial benefit, or will discontinue because of adverse events. Individualisation of treatment is needed to maxi... |
CD001450 | [
"9141577",
"8399011",
"12798478",
"8476803",
"9141579",
"8116712",
"9060122",
"1357349",
"2223682"
] | [
"A randomised controlled trial of Doppler ultrasound velocimetry of the umbilical artery in low risk pregnancies. Doppler French Study Group.",
"The effect of introduction of umbilical Doppler recordings to obstetric practice.",
"The Doppler assessment in multiple pregnancy randomised controlled trial of ultras... | [
"To evaluate the effect on management and outcome of pregnancy of routine umbilical Doppler examination in low risk populations.\n Pragmatic randomised controlled trial.\n Twenty centres caring for low risk pregnant women.\n 4187 women were randomly assigned to umbilical... | Existing evidence does not provide conclusive evidence that the use of routine umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound, or combination of umbilical and uterine artery Doppler ultrasound in low-risk or unselected populations benefits either mother or baby. Future studies should be designed to address small changes in perina... |
CD006837 | [
"9526937",
"10712710",
"11167431",
"15983143",
"11000669",
"10866717",
"12932066",
"15109188",
"7669314"
] | [
"High concentration versus incremental induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane in children: a comparison of induction times, vital signs, and complications.",
"Comparison of three techniques for induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane in children.",
"Effect of smoking on induction of anaesthesia with sevoflu... | [
"To compare sevoflurane induction times and complications in children during a high concentration, primed-circuit method and an incremental induction technique.\n Randomized, prospective open-label study.\n Academic university hospital.\n 40 unpremedicated ASA physical s... | A high initial concentration sevoflurane technique probably offers more rapid induction of anaesthesia and a similar rate of complications except for apnoea, which may be more common with a high initial concentration. However, this conclusion is not definitive. |
CD002062 | [
"20133204",
"17305661",
"9364183",
"20423755",
"8958890",
"2180105",
"17710485",
"782497",
"4357135"
] | [
"Pulsed high-dose dexamethasone versus standard prednisolone treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (PREDICT study): a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.",
"Comparison between single-dose oral prednisolone and oral dexamethasone in the treatment of croup: a randomized, do... | [
"Pulsed high-dose dexamethasone induced long-lasting remission in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in a pilot study. The PREDICT study aimed to compare remission rates in patients with CIDP treated with high-dose dexamethasone with rates in patients treated with standar... | Very low quality evidence from one small, randomised trial did not show a statistically significant benefit from oral prednisone compared with no treatment. Nevertheless, corticosteroids are commonly used in practice. According to moderate quality evidence from one RCT, the efficacy of high-dose monthly oral dexamethas... |
CD008570 | [
"17626135",
"16621849",
"15961625",
"11493843",
"17270510",
"20148940",
"11276268",
"17768009",
"19118130"
] | [
"A randomised controlled trial evaluating an alternative mouse and forearm support on upper body discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders among engineers.",
"A randomised controlled trial evaluating the effects of two workstation interventions on upper body pain and incident musculoskeletal disorders among comput... | [
"The aim of this intervention study was to determine the effects of an alternative mouse and/or a forearm support board on the change in upper body discomfort scores and the development of incident musculoskeletal disorders.\n This randomised controlled intervention trial followed 206 engineers for o... | We found moderate-quality evidence to suggest that the use of arm support with alternative mouse may reduce the incidence of neck/shoulder MSDs, but not right upper limb MSDs. Moreover, we found moderate-quality evidence to suggest that the incidence of neck/shoulder and right upper limb MSDs is not reduced when compar... |
CD001454 | [
"10207925",
"3658526",
"9708751",
"3280773",
"6352887",
"3102211",
"16204359",
"364393",
"15625138"
] | [
"Acetazolamide and furosemide for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus of the newborn.",
"Effect of early furosemide administration in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.",
"International randomised controlled trial of acetazolamide and furosemide in posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in infancy. Interna... | [
"The authors evaluated the efficacy of acetazolamide (ACZ) and furosemide (FUR) in avoiding ventricular shunting procedures in preterm infants with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Preterm infants were screened for PHH (defined as ventriculomegaly [VM] and increased ICP... | There are no data to support routine administration of furosemide in preterm infants with RDS. Elective administration of furosemide to any patient with RDS should be carefully weighed against the risk of precipitating hypovolemia or developing a symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus. There are not enough data to suppor... |
CD004312 | [
"8780093",
"1944902",
"7529693",
"9112968",
"15372199",
"7606182",
"19389019",
"7964712",
"11869325"
] | [
"Botulinum toxin versus trihexyphenidyl in cervical dystonia: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial.",
"Effect of anticholinergic agents upon acquired nystagmus: a double-blind study of trihexyphenidyl and tridihexethyl chloride.",
"Quantitative EMG in botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dy... | [
"Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is replacing trihexyphenidyl as the treatment of choice for idiopathic cervical dystonia (ICD), but there has never been a direct comparative study.\n This trial compares the effectiveness of BTA with that of trihexyphenidyl in a prospective, randomized, double-blind des... | The available evidence suggests that BtA injections provide more objective and subjective benefit than trihexyphenidyl to patients with cervical dystonia. We could not draw any conclusions about other anticholinergic drugs. Future trials should explore the role of anticholinergic drugs in patients that do not get benef... |
CD003383 | [
"1930344",
"9065962",
"15162364",
"12131602",
"14706720",
"11605083",
"14692723",
"2029982",
"11707825"
] | [
"[Effect of a special kava extract in patients with anxiety-, tension-, and excitation states of non-psychotic genesis. Double blind study with placebos over 4 weeks].",
"Kava-kava extract WS 1490 versus placebo in anxiety disorders--a randomized placebo-controlled 25-week outpatient trial.",
"Kava treatment in... | [
"Clinical Efficacy of a Kava Extract in Patients with Anxiety Syndrome/Double-blind placebo controlled study over 4 weeks. In a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study two groups each containing 29 patients with anxiety syndrome not caused by psychotic disorders were treated for a period of 4 weeks with k... | Compared with placebo, kava extract is an effective symptomatic treatment for anxiety although, at present, the size of the effect seems small. The effect lacks robustness and is based on a relatively small sample. The data available from the reviewed studies suggest that kava is relatively safe for short-term treatmen... |
CD006565 | [
"11951146",
"12716250",
"8161290",
"9136492",
"12617376",
"7770313",
"15079008",
"12011290",
"347954"
] | [
"Treatment of Tourette's syndrome with Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): a randomized crossover trial.",
"Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is effective in the treatment of tics in Tourette syndrome: a 6-week randomized trial.",
"Haloperidol addition in fluvoxamine-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. A... | [
"Anecdotal reports in Tourette's syndrome (TS) have suggested that marijuana (cannabis sativa) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC), the major psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, reduce tics and associated behavioral disorders. We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover single-... | Not enough evidence to support the use of cannabinoids in treating tics and obsessive compulsive behaviour in people with Tourette's syndrome. |
CD009807 | [
"8912507",
"8610220",
"22108765",
"17133529",
"11166969",
"8823699",
"16275598",
"19132781",
"18278830"
] | [
"A randomized, double-blind crossover trial of fluoxetine and amitriptyline in the treatment of fibromyalgia.",
"Pain analysis in patients with fibromyalgia. Effects of intravenous morphine, lidocaine, and ketamine.",
"Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of juvenile fibromyalgia: a multisite, single-... | [
"To study the effect of fluoxetine (FL) and amitriptyline (AM), alone and in combination, in patients with fibromyalgia (FM).\n Nineteen patients with FM completed a randomized, double-blind crossover study, which consisted of 4 6-week trials of FL (20 mg), AM (25 mg), a combination of FL and AM, or ... | Data suggest that the effectiveness of MAOIs for the treatment of FM symptoms is limited. Although we observed a moderate effect size on pain and a small one on tender points, these results should be taken with caution as they are only based on two studies with a small number of patients and inconsistent risk of bias a... |
CD004844 | [
"12243210",
"17609679",
"18162017",
"19138567",
"9033521",
"15364042",
"17133529",
"12610718",
"8690831"
] | [
"A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the discontinuation of long-term antipsychotics in dementia.",
"Issues that may determine the outcome of antipsychotic trials: industry sponsorship and extrapyramidal side effect.",
"Ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid in first-episode psychosis: a randomized, placebo-controll... | [
"The objectives of this randomized clinical trial were to investigate the impact of the discontinuation of long-term antipsychotics in residents with dementia in chronic care institutions and to identify clinical predictors of safe discontinuation. Subjects included 34 residents with dementia who were on antipsycho... | Antipsychotics might be used as an add-on therapy in the treatment of painful conditions. Nevertheless, extrapyramidal and sedating side effects have to be considered before using antipsychotics for treating painful conditions.
Results for antipsychotics in the treatment of different painful conditions are mixed and mo... |
CD003637 | [
"8652952",
"11181193",
"3215921",
"15605283",
"11696811",
"14736626",
"9933064",
"10742350",
"3513716"
] | [
"Combined treatment with enuresis alarm and desmopressin for nocturnal enuresis.",
"[Results of a therapeutic strategy against monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis].",
"A comparison of two approaches to the treatment of nocturnal enuresis and the prediction of effectiveness using pre-treatment variables.",
"Com... | [
"Seventy-one children with nocturnal enuresis were enrolled in a controlled trial. The children were allocated to two matched groups. Children in both groups used an enuresis alarm until the end of treatment. Children in the first group were treated with 40 micrograms of intranasal desmopressin (Desmospray) for up ... | Simple behavioural methods may be effective for some children, but further trials are needed, in particular in comparison with treatments known to be effective, such as desmopressin, tricyclic drugs and alarms. However, simple methods could be tried as first line therapy before considering alarms or drugs, because thes... |
CD006590 | [
"19433689",
"15911190",
"9190093",
"10418541",
"12790313",
"18299490",
"10836772",
"14745745",
"15337535"
] | [
"Phase III postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone in pT3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostate-specific antigen: ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95.",
"A community-based randomised controlled trial of three different educational resources f... | [
"Local failure after radical prostatectomy (RP) is common in patients with cancer extending beyond the capsule. Two randomized trials demonstrated an advantage for adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) compared with a wait-and-see policy. We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial to compare RP followed by immediate... | The existing trials provide insufficient evidence to allow confident statements to be made about the relative beneficial and harmful effects of RP and WW for patients with localised prostate cancer. The results of ongoing trials should help to inform treatment decisions for men with screen-detected localised prostate c... |
CD001784 | [
"16490019",
"3861138",
"12547849",
"2661155",
"11692178",
"12397048",
"16970163",
"16020142",
"8973666"
] | [
"Sexual counseling improved erectile rehabilitation after non-nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy or cystectomy--results of a randomized prospective study.",
"Intracervical versus intravaginal PGE2 for induction of labor at term in patients with an unfavorable cervix.",
"Sildenafil citrate for treatm... | [
"The efficacy of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-intracavernous injection (ICI) therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) after non-nerve-sparing (NNS) radical pelvic surgery depends on patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to verify the utility of sexual counseling in ICI in terms of treatment efficacy, compliance... | PGE1 was beneficial for many participants with ED of different aetiology. Adverse effects were proportional to dosage, albeit never serious. The use of PGE1 in ED could have been better interpreted if its effectiveness were compared by aetiology and with different forms of administrations, a longer follow-up were consi... |
CD006882 | [
"9457094",
"20174950",
"10773786",
"11729380",
"9799143",
"16365239",
"19621660",
"11928028",
"12145577"
] | [
"Randomised study of influence of two-dimensional versus three-dimensional imaging on performance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.",
"Different pain scores in single transumbilical incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus classic laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled trial.",
"Laparoscopic a... | [
"Several three-dimensional video-endoscopic systems have been introduced to enhance depth perception during minimum-access surgery. However, there is no conclusive evidence of benefit, and these systems are more expensive than conventional two-dimensional systems. We undertook a prospective randomised comparison of... | Currently, there is no evidence that three dimensional image is superior to two dimensional image in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. |
CD005197 | [
"9682028",
"20427546",
"18484473",
"16838234",
"16517534",
"19484759",
"12690546",
"7553416",
"3279774"
] | [
"Piperacillin/tazobactam versus cefepime as initial empirical antimicrobial therapy in febrile neutropenic patients: a prospective randomized pilot study.",
"Piperacillin-tazobactam versus carbapenem therapy with and without amikacin as empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients: results of an ... | [
"The objective of the presented prospective, randomized study was to compare the efficacy of empirical antimicrobial monotherapy with piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) to cefepime (CEFP) for treatment of infections in neutropenic patients. From a total of 102 febrile episodes 100 were evaluable. The most frequent m... | Current evidence supports the use of piperacillin-tazobactam in locations where antibiotic resistance profiles do not mandate empirical use of carbapenems. Carbapenems result in a higher rate of antibiotic-associated and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. There is a high level of evidence that all-cause mortali... |
CD006760 | [
"19181730",
"8595286",
"17567417",
"8709734",
"11097068",
"15064028",
"19432601",
"10983541",
"10099751"
] | [
"Antenatal peer support workers and initiation of breast feeding: cluster randomised controlled trial.",
"A randomised controlled trial comparing two schedules of antenatal visits: the antenatal care project.",
"Randomised controlled trial of two antenatal care models in rural Zimbabwe.",
"Randomised controll... | [
"To assess the effectiveness of an antenatal service using community based breastfeeding peer support workers on initiation of breast feeding.\n Cluster randomised controlled trial.\n Community antenatal clinics in one primary care trust in a multiethnic, deprived population.\n ... | Specialised antenatal clinics are now an accepted part of care in many settings, and carrying out further randomised trials may not be possible. Any future research in this area should include psychological outcomes and should focus on which aspects of service provision are preferred by women. Such research could under... |
CD005215 | [
"11030260",
"15661598",
"17365349",
"18395692",
"12392217",
"9158975",
"17321948",
"17355378",
"2289544"
] | [
"Using randomized designs to evaluate client-centered programs to prevent adolescent pregnancy.",
"Adolescent pregnancy prevention: An abstinence-centered randomized controlled intervention in a Chilean public high school.",
"A computer-based approach to preventing pregnancy, STD, and HIV in rural adolescents."... | [
"Interventions to prevent adolescent pregnancy (primarily curriculum-based programs) have not produced convincing evidence as to their success. Moreover, many evaluation approaches have been inadequate to assess program effectiveness. Therefore, rigorous evaluation of different kinds of interventions may help ident... | Combination of educational and contraceptive interventions appears to reduce unintended pregnancy among adolescents. Evidence for program effects on biological measures is limited. The variability in study populations, interventions and outcomes of included trials, and the paucity of studies directly comparing differe... |
CD000336 | [
"11372906",
"9782692",
"17272285",
"15762903",
"12704485",
"11443021",
"12356708",
"19902034",
"8840744"
] | [
"Pharmaceutical care research and education project: patient outcomes.",
"Humanistic outcomes in the hypertension and COPD arms of a multicenter outcomes study.",
"The MEDMAN study: a randomized controlled trial of community pharmacy-led medicines management for patients with coronary heart disease.",
"Can co... | [
"To compare patients' adherence to therapy, expectations, satisfaction with pharmacy services, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) after the provision of pharmaceutical care with those of patients who received traditional pharmacy care.\n Randomized controlled cluster design.\n ... | Only one included study compared pharmacist services with other health professional services, hence we are unable to draw conclusions regarding comparisons 1 and 3. Most included studies supported the role of pharmacists in medication/therapeutic management, patient counseling, and providing health professional educati... |
CD006408 | [
"3011174",
"3914085",
"7790793",
"15726272",
"8950666",
"12634941",
"1532760",
"10767816",
"12825763"
] | [
"A controlled trial of continuous lumbar traction in the treatment of back pain and sciatica.",
"Cervical spine disorders. A comparison of three types of traction.",
"The efficacy of traction for lumbar back pain: design of a randomized clinical trial.",
"Repetitive magnetic stimulation: a novel therapeutic a... | [
"A controlled trial of continuous lumbar traction in the treatment of back pain and sciatica showed similar improvements in both the treated group (weighted traction) and the control group (simulated traction). The findings of this study question the justification of admitting patients with back pain into hospitals... | The current literature does not support or refute the efficacy or effectiveness of continuous or intermittent traction for pain reduction, improved function or global perceived effect when compared to placebo traction, tablet or heat or other conservative treatments in patients with chronic neck disorders. Large, well ... |
CD003480 | [
"3677969",
"10730525",
"8627434",
"3312552",
"10228288",
"2231212",
"3409924",
"11430325",
"7838642"
] | [
"Failure of prophylactic indomethacin to improve the outcome of the very low birth weight infant.",
"Indomethacin prophylaxis for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in infants with a birth weight of less than 1250 grams.",
"Prophylactic indomethacin therapy in the first twenty-four hours of life for the prevention ... | [
"Prophylactic closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been recommended as a means of decreasing early respiratory distress, and thereby chronic respiratory sequelae in the very low birth weight (VLBW) neonate. This study was undertaken to evaluate some possible mechanisms for the observed failure of early... | Implications for practiceProlonged indomethacin course does not appear to have a significant effect on improving important outcomes, such as PDA treatment failure, CLD, IVH, or mortality. The reduction of transient renal impairment does not outweigh the increased risk of NEC associated with the prolonged course. Based ... |
CD005381 | [
"2803624",
"12215960",
"18586813",
"2768768",
"11239307",
"10092561",
"12425704",
"17917819",
"20651011"
] | [
"Improving aerobic capacity in healthy older adults does not necessarily lead to improved cognitive performance.",
"Improvement of cognitive function by mental and/or individualized aerobic training in healthy elderly subjects.",
"A controlled clinical trial on the effects of motor intervention on balance and c... | [
"The effects of aerobic exercise training in a sample of 85 older adults were investigated. Ss were assigned randomly to either an aerobic exercise group, a nonaerobic exercise (yoga) group, or a waiting-list control group. Following 16 weeks of the group-specific protocol, all of the older Ss received 16 weeks of ... | There is evidence that aerobic physical activities which improve cardiorespiratory fitness are beneficial for cognitive function in healthy older adults, with effects observed for motor function, cognitive speed, auditory and visual attention. However, the majority of comparisons yielded no significant results.
The dat... |
CD000075 | [
"2052460",
"2181103",
"3982903",
"11948381",
"2187377",
"17485450",
"7669374",
"3174314",
"3881220"
] | [
"[A comparison of the efficacy of aminophylline and doxapram in preventing idiopathic apnea in preterm newborn infants].",
"A blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to compare theophylline and doxapram for the treatment of apnea of prematurity.",
"Aminophylline versus doxapram in idiopathic apnea of prem... | [
"Doxapram is an analeptic of the respiratory system that has been used in the last few years for the treatment of idiopathic apnea spells in infants who show resistance to methylxantine. In this study we have compared the efficacy of aminophylline and doxapram for the prevention of idiopathic apnea spells in two gr... | Intravenous doxapram and intravenous methylxanthine appear to be similar in their short term effects for treating apnea in preterm infants, although these trials are too small to exclude an important difference between the two treatments or to exclude the possibility of less common adverse effects. Long term outcome of... |
CD006817 | [
"16428356",
"19797281",
"9445490",
"17162192",
"20855387",
"15607598",
"2447257",
"15721471",
"16221780"
] | [
"Early postnatal allopurinol does not improve short term outcome after severe birth asphyxia.",
"Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy.",
"Effect of allopurinol on postasphyxial free radical formation, cerebral hemodynamics, and electrical brain activity.",
"Effect of allopurinol su... | [
"To investigate whether postnatal allopurinol would reduce free radical induced reperfusion/reoxygenation injury of the brain in severely asphyxiated neonates.\n In an interim analysis of a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study, 32 severely asphyxiated infants were given allopurinol or a... | The available data are not sufficient to determine whether allopurinol has clinically important benefits for newborn infants with hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Much larger trials are needed. Such trials could assess allopurinol as an adjunct to therapeutic hypothermia in infants with moderate and severe encephalopa... |
CD001911 | [
"6408500",
"8191881",
"7823066",
"3928820",
"3925335",
"8601999",
"1864478",
"9237054",
"11273108"
] | [
"A double-blind study comparing carbamazepine with phenytoin as initial seizure therapy in adults.",
"Effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine on cognitive functions in newly diagnosed epileptic patients.",
"Phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed adult epilepsy: a random... | [
"Carbamazepine was compared with phenytoin in a double-blind study. Of 87 patients, data on 70 patients were complete and used for analysis. Thirty-five patients were treated with each drug. The incidence of major side effects, minor side effects, and complete control (85%) was the same in both groups. A mild but s... | We have not found evidence that a significant difference exists between carbamazepine and phenytoin for the outcomes examined in this review. Confidence intervals are wide and the possibility of important differences existing has not been excluded. |
CD001385 | [
"7974314",
"20197425",
"10573241",
"16387583",
"12195271",
"16424409",
"11256551",
"10679534",
"10556111"
] | [
"Prospective controlled evaluation of the effect of a community based asthma education centre in a multiracial working class neighbourhood.",
"Step-up therapy for children with uncontrolled asthma receiving inhaled corticosteroids.",
"Evaluation of an educational programme for socially deprived asthma patients.... | [
"Previous work has indicated a high rate of non-attendance at hospital based clinics among young, multiracial asthmatic patients of lower socioeconomic class. The efficacy of delivering asthma education from a community health centre established in a multiracial working class neighbourhood was evaluated.\n ... | LABA are effective in the control of chronic asthma in the "real-life" subject groups included. However there are potential safety issues which call into question the safety of LABA, particularly in those asthmatics who are not taking ICS, and it is not clear why African-Americans were found to have significant differe... |
CD003338 | [
"16634339",
"10888946",
"8815995",
"16103847",
"16079422",
"16703253",
"11043871",
"17413465",
"9460148"
] | [
"The effectiveness of a supervised physical training model tailored to the individual needs of patients with whiplash-associated disorders--a randomized controlled trial.",
"Early intervention in whiplash-associated disorders: a comparison of two treatment protocols.",
"Multimodal treatment to prevent the late ... | [
"To evaluate the effects of a physical training programme which is supervised and tailored to meet the needs of patients with subacute whiplash-associated disorders.\n A randomized controlled trial with follow-up at three and nine months after randomization.\n An interdisciplinary reha... | The current literature is of poor methodological quality and is insufficiently homogeneous to allow the pooling of results. Therefore, clearly effective treatments are not supported at this time for the treatment of acute, subacute or chronic symptoms of whiplash-associated disorders. |
CD001153 | [
"15936036",
"417428",
"17958887",
"3095507",
"8870755",
"15450766",
"17175424",
"6440704",
"17320568"
] | [
"Mannitol in intracerebral hemorrhage: a randomized controlled study.",
"Is there a real treatment for stroke? Clinical and statistical comparison of different treatments in 300 patients.",
"Mannitol as adjunct therapy for childhood cerebral malaria in Uganda: a randomized clinical trial.",
"Comparison of man... | [
"To study the usefulness of mannitol in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients.\n 128 CT proven supratentorial ICH patients within 6 days of ictus were randomized into study and control groups. The study group received mannitol 20%, 100 ml every 4 h for 5 days, tapered in the next 2 days... | There is currently not enough evidence to support the routine use of mannitol in acute stroke patients. Further trials are needed to confirm or refute whether mannitol is beneficial in acute stroke. |
CD006281 | [
"11677003",
"14623733",
"20808854",
"21172842",
"16189075",
"18494813",
"1638586",
"2170088",
"1569347"
] | [
"A placebo-controlled trial of gabapentin in spinal muscular atrophy.",
"A phase 1 trial of riluzole in spinal muscular atrophy.",
"SMA CARNI-VAL trial part I: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of L-carnitine and valproic acid in spinal muscular atrophy.",
"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-c... | [
"To evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin in increasing muscle strength of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).\n Preclinical data in experimental models of motor neuron disease suggest a neuroprotective effect of gabapentin.\n Gabapentin (1200 mg), or placebo, was administered t... | No drug treatment for SMA type I has been proven to have significant efficacy. |
CD008306 | [
"15661416",
"18085335",
"20542931",
"23577991",
"20639023",
"21654252",
"14632856",
"10705194",
"10411037"
] | [
"The comparison of artificial urinary sphincter implantation and endourethral macroplastique injection for the treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence.",
"Fecal incontinence: the quality of reported randomized, controlled trials in the last ten years.",
"A randomised controlled trial: outcomes of bladder re... | [
"To compare the effectiveness of macroplastique injection with artificial urinary sphincter implantation (AUS) for treatment of postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI).\n A prospective randomized clinical trial including 45 patients with PPI was performed secondary to radical retropubic prostatectomy (R... | The evidence available at present is limited because only one small randomised clinical trial was identified. Although the result is favourable for the implantation of AUS in the group with severe incontinence, this result should be considered with caution due to the small sample size and uncertain methodological quali... |
CD003593 | [
"11941174",
"7446190",
"15011764",
"22058556",
"11955470",
"18615497",
"12744577",
"16113617",
"11556409"
] | [
"Weekly ECT in Geriatric Depression.",
"Unilateral and bilateral ECT in elderly patients. A comparative study.",
"Randomized trial of pharmacist interventions to improve depression care and outcomes in primary care.",
"Evaluation of cognitive effects of ect (preliminary observations).",
"Three and six-month... | [
"Fifteen elderly depressed psychiatric inpatients were randomly assigned to receive either standard three-times-weekly electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or once-weekly ECT. Outcome measures included cognitive assessment and antidepressant response. Although both groups improved with treatment, the three-times-weekly ... | None of the objectives of this review could be adequately tested because of the lack of firm, randomised evidence. Given the specific problems in the treatment of depressed elderly, a well designed randomised controlled trial should be conducted in which the efficacy of ECT is compared to one or more antidepressants. |
CD003141 | [
"10987238",
"19687337",
"20605648",
"15668467",
"9288840",
"10870068",
"7577204",
"16946304",
"6338381"
] | [
"Treatment of breast-cancer-related lymphedema with or without manual lymphatic drainage--a randomized study.",
"Randomized controlled trial of the effects of aerobic exercise on physical functioning and quality of life in lymphoma patients.",
"Randomised phase II trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients ... | [
"A prospective randomized study was carried out to investigate whether the addition of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) to the standard therapy could improve treatment outcome in women with lymphedema of the ipsilateral arm after breast cancer treatment. Forty-two patients were randomly assigned to receive standard ... | All three trials have their limitations and have yet to be replicated, so their results must be viewed with caution. There is a clear need for well-designed, randomised trials of the whole range of physical therapies if the best approach to managing lymphoedema is to be determined. |
CD002070 | [
"6751162",
"2285001",
"1369725",
"367511",
"2435738",
"6373217",
"3518547",
"3537823",
"11881837"
] | [
"The usefulness of naftidrofuryl in severe peripheral ischaemia--a symptomatic assessment using linear analogue scales.",
"A randomized double-blind controlled trial of naftidrofuryl in acute stroke.",
"Treatment of stage II chronic arterial disease of the lower limbs with the serotonergic antagonist naftidrofu... | [
"The effect of Naftidrofuryl (Nafronyl) on the symptoms of severe peripheral vascular disease has been studied in 40 hospital inpatients. Assessment of ischaemic symptoms and of symptoms which may occur with any type of chronic pain was made using a linear analogue system. Patients treated with naftidrofuryl showed... | Based on the results of these trials, it cannot be confirmed that intravenous naftidrofuryl is effective in the treatment of people with critical limb ischaemia. However, these results were based on trials of generally low methodological quality which had only a small number of participants, the duration of treatment w... |
CD003743 | [
"7970936",
"8822241",
"1584658",
"8791228",
"2351447",
"7891260",
"15208209",
"6401358",
"11399136"
] | [
"Behavioral and physiologic effects of nonnutritive sucking during gavage feeding in preterm infants.",
"The effects of a prefeeding stimulation program on preterm infants.",
"Facilitating inactive awake states in preterm infants: a study of three interventions.",
"Effects of sweet taste stimulation on growth... | [
"Behavioral and physiologic responsivity to nasogastric gavage feeding was assessed in 36 preterm infants on 2 consecutive d. On one of these days, a pacifier was provided during and after the gavage segment of the standardized protocol. The protocol was divided into segments that included baseline, preparatory han... | Experimental evidence to evaluate the benefits and risks in preterm infants of early discharge from hospital with home gavage feeding compared with later discharge upon attainment of full sucking feeds is limited to the results of one small quasi-randomised controlled trial. High quality trials with concealed allocatio... |
CD007362 | [
"18946293",
"18385265",
"18648227",
"17457124",
"17667567",
"17312208",
"16571960",
"16357116",
"9260011"
] | [
"Reversal of profound rocuronium-induced blockade with sugammadex: a randomized comparison with neostigmine.",
"Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block with sugammadex is faster than reversal of cisatracurium-induced block with neostigmine.",
"Reversal of profound, high-dose rocuronium-induced neurom... | [
"Traditionally, reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents was achieved using acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but these are unable to adequately reverse profound blockade. Sugammadex is a novel reversal agent, reversing the effects of rocuronium by encapsulation. This study assessed the efficacy and... | Sugammadex was shown to be effective in reversing rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade. This review has found no evidence of a difference in the instance of unwanted effects between sugammadex, placebo or neostigmine. These results need to be confirmed by future trials on larger patient populations and with more f... |
CD003909 | [
"12037657",
"15684319",
"2115348",
"6841130",
"12879826",
"11459384",
"6398984",
"1936479",
"1548947"
] | [
"Evaluating a 'non-diet' wellness intervention for improvement of metabolic fitness, psychological well-being and eating and activity behaviors.",
"Dietary counseling improves patient outcomes: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.",
"Preliminary tria... | [
"Current public health policy recommends weight loss for obese individuals, and encourages energy-restricted diets. Others advocate an alternative, 'non-diet' approach which emphasizes eating in response to physiological cues (eg hunger and satiety) and enhancing body acceptance.\n To evaluate the ef... | No specific approach can be recommended from this review. It is unclear why 'treatment as usual' performed so poorly, or why dietary advice alone appeared so unacceptable, as the reasons for non-completion were not reported. There is an urgent need for large well-designed trials in this area. |
CD004970 | [
"15642026",
"15877748",
"16820037",
"15642030",
"12419136",
"19538334",
"15536784",
"21219392",
"15336770"
] | [
"Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part I: clinical outcome.",
"Treatment of peri-implantitis by the Vector system.",
"Healing of intrabony peri-implantitis defects following application of a nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (Ostim) or... | [
"The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the clinical outcome of two different surgical approaches for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Seventeen patients with ITI(R) implants were included consecutively over a period of 5 years. The patients were randomized with a lottery assignment. Ten pat... | There is no reliable evidence suggesting which could be the most effective interventions for treating peri-implantitis. This is not to say that currently used interventions are not effective.
A single small trial at unclear risk of bias showed the use of local antibiotics in addition to manual subgingival debridement w... |
CD006537 | [
"9111254",
"9924306",
"9355184",
"8953976",
"9143888",
"1693496",
"17074563",
"1718250",
"6184769"
] | [
"A pilot randomized controlled study on the effect of laser photocoagulation of confluent soft macular drusen.",
"Prophylactic laser treatment in early age related maculopathy reduced the incidence of exudative complications.",
"Laser photocoagulation for macular soft drusen. Updated results.",
"Macular scatt... | [
"The authors determined the effect of photocoagulation of drusen on visual acuity and progression to subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNV).\n One of paired eyes was randomized to photocoagulation with other eye to control in 27 patients having symmetrical maculopathy and visual acuities, aged 46 to... | The trials included in this review confirm the clinical observation that laser photocoagulation of drusen leads to their disappearance. However, there is no evidence that this subsequently results in a reduction in the risk of developing CNV, geographic atrophy or visual acuity loss. |
CD007462 | [
"19626807",
"3351819",
"8497357",
"16256917",
"19046051",
"3904673",
"2670608",
"2889770",
"11344395"
] | [
"Comparison of surgical wound infection after preoperative skin preparation with 4% chlorhexidine [correction of chlohexidine] and povidone iodine: a prospective randomized trial.",
"Skin preparation methods before cesarean section. A comparative study.",
"Preoperative skin preparation and intraoperative pelvic... | [
"Antiseptic scrub and paint can reduce bacterial colonization and postoperative wound infection. Two forms of antiseptics, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine, are commonly used in the operating theater.\n To study the efficacy of the reduction of bacterial colonization and surgical wound infection amo... | Little evidence is available from the included randomised controlled trials to evaluate different agent forms, concentrations and methods of skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section. Therefore, it is not yet clear what sort of skin preparation may be most efficient for preventing postcaesar... |
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