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coalescing binary neutron stars are among the most promising sources of gravitational waves for ground - based laser - interferometric gravitational - wave detectors such as ligo @xcite , geo600 @xcite , | 1 |
szemerdi s regularity lemma @xcite has impressive applications in many areas of modern graph theory , including extremal graph theory , ramsey theory and property testing . roughly speaking , it says | 1 |
brown dwarfs , objects whose central temperatures never reach the critical threshold for stable thermonuclear burning ( @xcite ; @xcite ) , are the lowest mass products of star formation . hundreds | 1 |
[ chapter- coulomb systems ] the emergence of thermodynamics and of various physical laws from the more fundamental levels of atomic theory and statistical mechanics were high points in our education in | 1 |
in this paper we study triples @xmath8 , where @xmath0 is a simple algebraic group over an algebraically closed field @xmath1 , @xmath4 is a closed positive - dimensional subgroup of @xmath0 | 1 |
this is the second in a series of papers devoted to proving the equivalence of heegaard floer homology and embedded contact homology . the goal of this paper and its sequel @xcite | 1 |
irradiation of matter constitutes a key tool in physics , chemistry , and biology , for analyzing structural and dynamical properties of atoms , molecules , clusters and bulk material . lasers | 1 |
in his 1704 treatise _ opticks _ newton claimed that light is composed of particles , but also introduced waves to explain the diffraction phenomena . later on in classical maxwellian electrodynamics | 1 |
the saturn nebula ngc7009 is one of the best - known planetary nebulae ( pne ) , and has been extensively studied both observationally and theoretically . it is a large , | 1 |
the discovery of extragalactic objects with very low heavy element abundance was made by searle and sargent ( 1972 ) who reported on the properties of two intriguing galaxies , izw18 and | 1 |
these notes are an introduction to factorization algebras and factorization homology in the context of topological spaces and manifolds . the origin of factorization algebras and factorization homology , as defined by | 1 |
there can be no doubt that the most important development in string theory in recent years is the discovery of d - branes . in flat spacetime a d - brane is | 1 |
@xmath0 , @xmath1 , @xmath2 , @xmath3 , @xmath4 , @xmath5 real numbers , @xmath6 , @xmath7 , @xmath2 -vectors , always a column @xmath8 , @xmath9 , @xmath2 -matrices , @xmath10 | 1 |
a general feature of several kinetic equations is the fact that their solutions in a domain @xmath4 with boundaries can not be infinitely differentiable at the points of the phase space @xmath5 | 1 |
although the study of magnetoresistance in ferromagnets started as early as 1857 with the measurements of anisotropic magnetoresistance in nickel and iron by william thomson ( lord kelvin ) , recent years | 1 |
generalization has been an often - pursued goal since the early dawn of mathematics . it can be loosely defined as the process of introducing new systems in order to extend consistently | 1 |
professor herbert walther has taught us that good physics unifies and unites seemingly different fields . nowhere is this more apparent than in the current studies of bose - einstein condensation ( | 1 |
the majority of the work in this thesis is based on the following publications : m. j. hoban , e. t. campbell , k. loukopoulos , and d. e. browne , _ | 1 |
linear logic @xcite is a well - known formal system that has attracted interest from computer science as well as logicians . it has a very well behaved proof theory , and | 1 |
in this paper we investigate the following general question for every integer @xmath9 question 1 . given a sequence @xmath10 of pairwise disjoint monotone and @xmath11 imply @xmath12 families of infinite subsets | 1 |
rips theory of group actions on real trees has been extremely important not only because of its intrinsic value but also as a tool and a nexus for different disciplines , see | 1 |
morphisms and morphic sequences are well known and well studied in combinatorics on words ( e. g. , see @xcite ) . we study their subword complexity . let @xmath3 be a | 1 |
the fano plane , the cycle matroids of the kuratowski graphs , and their duals , are of fundamental importance in the study of binary matroids . the famous excluded - minor | 1 |
i certify that this work contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and , to the | 1 |
one of the main goals of studies of cluster galaxies is to establish their evolution in terms of the star formation history , the effect of mergers , and the changes in | 1 |
the detection of cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) anisotropies ( bennett et al . 1996 ; de bernardis et al . 2000 ; hanany et al . 2000 ) confirmed the | 1 |
_ shannon information _ theory , usually called just ` information ' theory was introduced in 1948 , @xcite , by c.e . shannon ( 19162001 ) . _ kolmogorov complexity _ | 1 |
in this paper , we consider nearly integrable hamiltonian systems of the form @xmath4 where @xmath5 is strictly convex , namely , the hessian matrix @xmath6 is positive definite . it is | 1 |
let @xmath0 be a prime . in this paper , by a _ @xmath0-group _ we mean a finite group whose order is a power of @xmath0 . recall that every @xmath0-group | 1 |
many schemes for classifying galaxies have been presented over the years , focusing on somewhat ephemeral properties such as morphology and color . alternatively , one may consider three fundamental physical parameters | 1 |
as proved and explained in @xcite , normal affine varieties of dimension @xmath8 with a faithful action of a @xmath9-dimensional torus @xmath1 ( which are called t - varieties in the sequel | 1 |
the last two decades have seen remarkable progress in understanding the so - called kpz universality class in ( 1 + 1 ) dimensions . this is a rather broad and somewhat | 1 |
many real systems can be viewed as a combination of slow and fast motions which leads to complicated double scale equations . already in the 19th century in applications to celestial mechanics | 1 |
during the last decades of the twentieth century it was realized that information processing at the quantum level could offer tremendous advantages over conventional `` classical '' information processing . quantum information | 1 |
among jet observables , the three - jet production rate in electron positron annihilation plays an outstanding role . the initial experimental observation of three - jet events at petra @xcite , | 1 |
symmetries are the most fundamental properties of nature , which are responsible for many physical phenomena we observe . not long ago it was suggested by @xcite that parity ( @xmath1 ) | 1 |
in this paper we will discuss the spectral decomposition of an affine hecke algebra @xmath0 defined over @xmath8 or , more precisely , of a natural positive trace @xmath9 defined on @xmath0 | 1 |
[ [ section ] ] in the paper @xcite published in 1987 , a. beilinson formulated his famous conjectures on the properties of hypothetical categories of mixed motivic sheaves over a scheme | 1 |
two of the key parameters of active galactic nuclei ( agn ) are their bolometric luminosity @xmath6 and their eddington ratio @xmath0 . besides the mass of the central black hole , | 1 |
inflation @xcite is the leading paradiam of the very early universe cosmology . the quantum fluctuations during inflation are stretched to super - hubble scales and return to the hubble horizon after | 1 |
consider a graph @xmath1 , @xmath2 being the set of vertices and @xmath3 the set of edges . introduce the space of configurations @xmath4 . for @xmath5 , we say that @xmath6 | 1 |
the theory of @xmath2-schur functions arose from the study of macdonald polynomials and has since been connected to quantum and affine schubert calculus , @xmath4-theory , and representation theory . the origin | 1 |
a * vector space * is a structured set of elements called * vectors*. the structure required for this set of vectors is that of an _ abelian group _ with operators | 1 |
the theoretical understanding of classical , or thermal , phase transitions , which occur at a nonzero temperature , is very well developed . a characteristic feature of continuous phase transitions , | 1 |
quantitative studies of galaxy demographics that is , of the multivariate distribution functions that connect global galaxy properties provide the empirical bedrock on which theoretical models of galaxy formation and evolution are | 1 |
the two great pillars of twentieth century physics are general relativity ( gr ) and quantum theory ( qt ) and both have enjoyed considerable empirical success . it so happens that | 1 |
euclidean geometry , as presented by euclid , consists of straightedge - and - compass constructions and rigorous reasoning about the results of those constructions . tarski s twentieth - century axiomatization | 1 |
the formation process of low- to intermediate - mass stars is divided into several stages , ranging from the deeply embedded protostellar stage to the period when a young star is dispersing | 1 |
understanding how materials fracture is a fundamental problem of science and engineering even today , although the effects of geometry , loading conditions , and material characteristics on the strength of materials | 1 |
physics is knowledge of nature that involves the study of matter and its motion . to understand the universe , people try to answer the following six questions : _ _ _ | 1 |
arguably the most fundamental and important observable for galaxy studies in the early universe is the luminosity function . the luminosity function ( lf ) gives us the volume density of galaxies | 1 |
in pattern forming systems quite often situations occur where patches of different bulk phases get separated by fronts or interfaces . in such cases , the relevant dynamics of the system is | 1 |
until about a decade ago , the age of the oldest globular cluster ( gc ) was of widespread interest because it provided one of the best available constraints on the age | 1 |
in the last decade , @xmath1010 planets and planet candidates with estimated masses @xmath813 m@xmath6 have been imaged in orbit around young stars and brown dwarfs ( e.g. * ? ? ? | 1 |
classical information theory is typically concerned with _ fungible information _ , that is , information for which the means of encoding is not important . shannon s coding theorems , for | 1 |
one of the most remarkable geometric features of a closed oriented surface is a natural symplectic structure on the moduli spaces of representations of its fundamental group , as shown by goldman | 1 |
savchuk and schmdgen @xcite introduce a method to define and classify the integrable representations of certain * -algebras by an inductive construction . the original goal of this article was to clarify | 1 |
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ | 1 |
in a non - distributed context , solving a problem is believed to be , sometimes , much harder than verifying it ( e.g. , for np - hard problems ) . | 1 |
optical interferometry provides physicists and astronomers with an exquisite set of probes of the micro and macrocosmos . from the laboratory to the observatory over the past few decades , there has | 1 |
fragmentation functions ( ffs ) constitute one of the most important free inputs required for a comprehensive description of most collider processes to which perturbative qcd is applicable , being a necessary | 1 |
the laboratory realization of ultracold neutral atomic gases such as bose - einstein condensates @xcite and degenerate fermi gases @xcite quantum gases delivered remarkably versatile experimental systems that can realize physical effects | 1 |
for centuries , physicists have been intrigued by the concepts of rotation . galileo galilei , vincenzo viviani , isaac newton , jean bernard lon foucault , ernst mach , albert einstein | 1 |
the investigation of strongly interacting matter constitutes a major challenge in modern nuclear and particle physics . of particular interest are phase changes between hadronic and quark - gluon matter , similar | 1 |
enormous multiplicity and large transverse energy are likely generated in ultra high - energy nuclear collisions . we study the nuclear collisions for a much more fundamental reason . it intends to | 1 |
this memoir has two main goals . first , we develop some foundations on what we call `` sheaves on graphs '' and their invariants . second , using these foundations , | 1 |
the brightest and most massive galaxies in the present - day universe are the first - ranked or brightest cluster galaxies ( bcg ) in rich galaxy clusters . the first studies | 1 |
two kinds of important optimal control problems for linear controlled systems are minimal time control problems and minimal norm control problems . a minimal time control problem is to ask for a | 1 |
in his seminal paper @xcite , m. kontsevich constructed an @xmath2 quasi - isomorphism from the graded lie algebra @xmath3 of polyvector fields on the affine space @xmath4 to the differential graded | 1 |
in this paper we develop a general microlocal framework which in particular allows us to analyze the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the wave equation on asymptotically kerr - de sitter and | 1 |
in this chapter we describe the setup and the main tools , particularly the theorem by t. homma , m. ochiai , and m , takahashi about heegaard diagrams for @xmath3 which | 1 |
this review is devoted to the keldysh formalism for the treatment of out of equilibrium interacting many body systems . the technique takes its name from the 1964 paper of l. v. | 1 |
in spite of an unprecedented intensive experimental and theoretical study after the discovery of high - temperature superconductivity ( htsc ) in cuprates there is , even twenty - three years after | 1 |
a simple cosmological model , a flat universe with nearly scale - invariant adiabatic gaussian fluctuations , has proven to be a remarkably good fit to ever improving cosmic microwave background ( | 1 |
the goal of this work is to characterize gaussian estimates for markov chains and parabolic harnack inequality for a corresponding discrete time version of heat equation by two geometric properties on the | 1 |
in a constraint satisfaction problem ( csp ) the question is to decide whether or not it is possible to satisfy a given set of constraints . constraints are often represented by | 1 |
one of the most fundamental problems in theoretical physics in the 21st century is to construct a theory of quantum gravity . general relativity and quantum mechanics , which are the cornerstones | 1 |
gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) are short and intense pulses of soft . the bursts last from a fraction of a second to several hundred seconds . grbs arrive from | 1 |
we present in this paper the analogue , for an arbitrary complex reductive group @xmath0 , of the elliptic integrable systems of sklyanin . the sklyanin integrable systems were constructed on symplectic | 1 |
the coulomb interaction between electrons in solids leads to a virtually unlimited variety of phenomena , such as magnetic correlations and magnetic order , high - temperature superconductivity , metal - insulator | 1 |
the utility of motion surveys using data from the nasa _ wide - field infrared survey explorer _ ( _ wise _ ; @xcite ) . has been described at length in | 1 |
this thesis is broken up into 5 chapters . after this short introductory chapter , chapter [ chapter_groupoid_intro ] gives an overview of groupoids and groupoid @xmath0-algebras . chapter [ chapter_graph_algebra_intro ] | 1 |
this long paper is devoted to studying topological spaces whose topological structure is tukey dominated by the poset @xmath13 . by a we understand a non - empty set endowed with a | 1 |
duality means that two systems describe the same physics although they look different at the first sight . it is accompanied with a dictionary to translate observables and amplitudes among the two | 1 |
the ability to predict the future state of a system , given the present one , stands at the foundations of scientific knowledge with relevant implications from a conceptual and applicative point | 1 |
a wide class of systems can be effectively described as a collection of interacting point particles that are driven over disordered or ordered substrates . in equilibrium and in the absence of | 1 |
prior to the launch of _ asca _ , the paradigm for seyfert 1 galaxies , was that the 210 kev regime can be well represented by a powerlaw continuum of ( | 1 |
in the past ten years , modern societies have developed enormous communication and social networks . the world wide web ( www ) alone has about 50 billion indexed web pages , | 1 |
since the development of quantum mechanics in the early decades of this century quantum mechanical methods and computational techniques have become a powerful tool for accurate numerical calculations in atomic and molecular | 1 |
sophie germain ( figure [ germain-600-ph - image ] ) was the first woman known for important original research in mathematics . while perhaps more famous for her work in mathematical physics | 1 |
from glass windows and light bulbs to lenses and fiberglass insulation , advances in glass science and technology have indisputably played a vital role in enabling modern civilization . the performances of | 1 |
the purpose of this paper is to develop the semi - quantitative extension of the bcs theory of superconductivity that describes strongly disordered conductors which normal state is a weak anderson insulator | 1 |
three x - ray free - electron lasers ( xfels ) , lcls @xcite , scss @xcite , and the european xfel @xcite are currently under commissioning or under construction . these | 1 |
galactic globular clusters , which are ancient building blocks of the halo , represent an interesting family of `` hot '' stellar systems in which some fundamental dynamical processes have taken place | 1 |
in a review article , one is obliged to begin with definitions . braids can be defined by very simple pictures such as the ones in figure [ figure : braids ] | 1 |
understanding the processes occurring in the nuclear disk of our own galaxy is interesting not only for insight into our own milky way galaxy , but also because its study can potentially | 1 |
fermionic or bosonic particles confined in manmade devices , i.e. , electrons in two - dimensional ( 2d ) quantum dots ( qds , referred to also as artificial atoms ) or | 1 |
the one - dimensional ( 1d ) hubbard model with nearest - neighbor hopping integral @xmath3 and on - site repulsion @xmath4 is an important correlated electronic system whose bethe anstaz ( | 1 |
here are some common claims . the founders of infinitesimal calculus were working in a vacuum caused by an absence of a satisfactory number system . the incoherence of infinitesimals was effectively | 1 |
the effect of quenched disorder on condensed matter systems is an important and challenging problem that continues to be actively investigated , because of its relevance to real systems , which always | 1 |
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