text string | label int64 |
|---|---|
in order to understand the physical processes in the solar interior , its atmosphere as well as the interplanetary environment ( including `` space weather '' close to earth ) , a | 1 |
why do we observe magnetic fields in the sky ? why do we live in a magnetized universe ? a variety of observations imply that stars , planets , galaxies , clusters | 1 |
causality is the relation between causes and their effects , or between regularly correlated phenomena . causes are things that bring about results , actions or conditions . no doubt , therefore | 1 |
the aim of this paper is to develop the theory of duals for gray categories . the principal tool is a diagrammatic calculus introduced in this paper . this can be viewed | 1 |
the phenomenon of electric conduction in metals and semiconductors has been a prominent research topic ever since the early days of solid - state physics . the idea that electric currents flowing | 1 |
[ sec : intro ] the study of nucleosynthesis in massive stars has a rich history ( e.g. * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ? * ; * ? | 1 |
over the last decades , due to experimental improvements , there is an increasing interest in physical systems where finite size effects play an important role . this is the case of | 1 |
the aim of this thesis is to shed some light on the geometric aspects of certain problems that lie in the heart of harmonic analysis . in particular , being interested in | 1 |
cette _ introduction _ tendue est ncessaire la prsentation des rsultats principaux de ce mmoire . dans les sections 3 et 4 , quil est conseill de lire en parallle , le | 1 |
the introduction is divided into three parts : ( 1 ) _ physics _ , ( 2 ) _ applications _ , and ( 3 ) _ developments_. a brief outline of | 1 |
a 3-dimensional orbifold is a metrizable space equipped with an atlas of compatible local models given by quotients of @xmath2 by finite subgroups of @xmath3 . for example , the quotient of | 1 |
the wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe ( wmap ) @xcite measured the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) fluctuations at high resolution and signal - to - noise in five frequency bands . | 1 |
what is the final fate of a massive star that has exhausted its internal nuclear fuel and which then undergoes a catastrophic gravitational collapse under the force of its own gravity ? | 1 |
a heegaard splitting of a closed and orientable 3-manifold @xmath0 is a decomposition @xmath1 of @xmath0 into a pair of handlebodies @xmath2 and @xmath3 along a closed surface @xmath4 . every 3-manifold | 1 |
compton scattering is one of the major physical processes that couples matter and radiation . its importance is often stressed in highly relativistic environments where large energy transfers occur : for example | 1 |
a _ totally positive _ matrix is a matrix with all positive minors . we extend this classical notion , as follows . define the _ totally nonnegative grassmannian _ @xmath0 as | 1 |
the complexity of the hadronic structure is one of the actual and topical fields of physics concerning the microscopic scale . different , complementary as well as competing experimental approaches are used | 1 |
ever since the discovery of the high proper motion of barnard s star ( @xcite ) , proper motion has proved to be an effective method to identify faint stars in the | 1 |
the theory of species and its applications to enumerative combinatorics was developed by joyal in @xcite and further advanced in @xcite . the basic theory of hopf monoids in species was laid | 1 |
white dwarf is the most common endpoint of stellar evolution , and many stars are born in binary systems with sufficiently small initial separations so that they go through one or more | 1 |
over the course of the past 140 years , the field of professional pure mathematics ( analysis in particular ) , and to a large extent also its professional historiography , have | 1 |
when we speak about free physical objects , e.g. classical particles , solid bodies , elementary particles , etc . , we always keep in mind that , although we consider them | 1 |
in 2014 costantino , geer and patureau introduced a new class of non - semisimple witten - reshetikhin - turaev type quantum invariants of closed 3-manifolds . the theory is indexed on | 1 |
there is little disagreement today that quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) is the correct theory underlying strong - interaction physics . thus , the physics of nuclei is , in essence , | 1 |
x - ray radiation has been , ever since its discovery over a century ago , one of the most effective tools to explore the properties of matter for a broad range | 1 |
being a continuation of @xcite , this article fully relies on the terminology and notation introduced in its predecessor , with which or , at least , with the first two sections | 1 |
[ sec : intro ] over the past two decades the orbital architecture of giant planets has expanded from a single order of magnitude in the solar system ( 530 au ) | 1 |
giant elliptical galaxies at the centers of galaxy clusters , often called brightest cluster galaxies ( bcgs ) or cluster - central galaxies , are extreme systems that provide stringent tests for | 1 |
fomin s _ dual graded graphs _ @xcite , as well as their predecessors - stanley s _ differential posets _ @xcite , were invented as a tool to better understand the | 1 |
bose - einstein condensation ( bec ) ( bose , 1924 ; einstein , 1924 ) was observed in 1995 in a remarkable series of experiments on vapors of rubidium ( anderson | 1 |
much of what we know - or believe we understand - about the chemical evolution history of the universe depends upon the interpretation of the strong emission lines originating from hii regions | 1 |
it is well - known that elementary particles interact by four fundamental interactions : gravitation , electromagnetism , the weak interaction and the strong interaction . the framework of quantum field theory | 1 |
this thesis would have not been possible without the academic , financial and emotional support of many people and institutions . i mention them here though i am sure that i will | 1 |
granular conductors form a new class of artificial materials with tunable electronic properties controlled at the nanoscale and composed of close - packed granules varying in size from a few to hundred | 1 |
the sine - gordon equation in laboratory coordinates @xmath0 is a model for magnetic flux propagation in long superconducting josephson junctions @xcite , but perhaps may be most easily thought of as | 1 |
the dynamics of particles of finite inertia suspended in turbulent flows is a fundamental problem with applications ranging from industrial processes ( e.g. spray combustion engines ) to geophysical flows ( e.g. | 1 |
first passage percolation ( fpp ) was originally introduced by hammersley and welsh @xcite in 1965 as a model of fluid flow through a random medium . it has been a stage | 1 |
in the paper , we examine @xmath19-smooth real functions which can be computed ( in some new but natural meaning which is rigorously defined below ) on finite automata , i.e. , | 1 |
let me first describe what led me to the questions answered below . let @xmath124 denote the category of associative unital rings , and for any field @xmath125 let @xmath126 denote the | 1 |
the phenomenon of superconductivity was discovered @xcite as a sudden drop of resistance to immeasurably small value . with the development of the topic it was realized that the superconducting phase transition | 1 |
a minimum spanning forest ( msf ) of an edge - weighted undirected graph @xmath9 is a forest consisting of msts of the connected components of @xmath9 . dynamic msf is one | 1 |
in cell biology , neuroscience , as well as the study of collective behavior of organisms , networks of interacting agents or elements orchestrate the cellular , organismal or group response to | 1 |
observations of accreting neutron stars in low - mass x - ray binaries ( lmxbs ) with the _ rossi x - ray timing explorer _ have revealed that the persistent x | 1 |
testing hypotheses on the covariance matrix of the disturbances in a regression model is an important problem in econometrics and statistics , a prime example being testing the hypothesis of uncorrelatedness of | 1 |
wireless systems require fundamental and crisp understanding of design principles and control mechanisms to efficiently manage network resources . resource allocation policies lie at the heart of wireless communication networks , since | 1 |
the paradigm of cosmic inflation @xcite is one of the main pillars of modern cosmology . not only does inflation account for the vast size of the observable universe and its high | 1 |
this article lays the ground for the development of a cohomological theory of sheaves of @xmath3-modules over a topos . the need for such a theory is obvious in tropical geometry and | 1 |
understanding galaxy formation and evolution requires observational information about hot , highly ionized gas in and near galaxies . numerical simulations of cosmological structure formation in the presence of cold dark matter | 1 |
this review treats probe diffusion and related methods of investigating polymer dynamics . in a probe diffusion experiment , a dilute dispersion of mesoscopic probe particles is mixed into a polymer solution | 1 |
discreteness is at the very heart of almost any many - particle system , if the processes under discussion involve length scales of the order of ( or not too large compared | 1 |
the last two decades have seen remarkable progress in understanding the so - called kpz universality class in ( 1 + 1 ) dimensions . this is a rather broad and somewhat | 1 |
higher developed organisms face the problem to store and retrieve a huge amount of genetic information and this in each cell separately . for instance , the human genom corresponds to 3 | 1 |
every observable phenomenon may be tentatively seen as consisting in things varying in time owing to causal interactions of ones with others and , then , its analysis includes always a problem | 1 |
the proofs of the statements in the paper are technical . to enhance the readability of the paper , the paper is essentially split into two parts . the first part contains | 1 |
galaxies have a wide range of luminosities , colors , masses , sizes , surface brightnesses , morphologies , star formation histories and environments . this heterogeneity is not surprising , given | 1 |
while it is now generally accepted that quasars and active galactic nuclei ( agn ) are powered by the accretion of gas onto supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies ( | 1 |
the twin pillars of quantum field theory are locality and unitarity . these fundamental properties persist after wick rotation : locality manifests as factorization laws for correlation functions and unitarity manifests as | 1 |
interacting systems which tend to form spontaneously periodic structures can exhibit a remarkable variety of complex phenomena when they are driven by an external force over a disordered substrate . many of | 1 |
it is quite natural to expect that a categorification of quantum groups should exist . the strongest evidence in support of this conjecture is lusztig s important discovery of canonical bases which | 1 |
gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) are brief events occurring at an average rate of a few per day throughout the universe , which for a brief period of seconds completely | 1 |
the study of minimal representation - infinite @xmath0-algebras with @xmath0 an algebraically closed field was one of the central themes of the representation theory around 1984 with contributions by bautista , gabriel | 1 |
the 2010 eruption of the recurrent nova ( rn ) u scorpii was predicted by @xcite and discovered independently by b. g. harris and s. dvorak as part of an intense monitoring | 1 |
nonparametric constraints , often called shape restrictions , have played a central role in economics as both testable implications of classical theory and sufficient conditions for obtaining informative counterfactual predictions @xcite . | 1 |
there is little question that the computer has caused a profound change in society . at our fingertips are devices that are performing billions of computations a second , and the same | 1 |
the teichmller flow on the moduli spaces of translation surfaces acts as renormalization dynamics for interval exchange transformations and translation flows . the kontsevich - zorich cocycle describes how the homology of | 1 |
let @xmath5 be a separable complex hilbert space . first let us introduce some notation for various spaces of operators in @xmath5 : @xmath6{rl}\mathcal{c}(h):= & \text{closed , densely defined operators on $ | 1 |
m3 ( ngc5272 : ra[2000 ] = 13:42:11 , dec[2000 ] = + 28:22:32 ) is one of the most important globular clusters of the galactic halo . it is located at | 1 |
natural processes proceed simultaneously on many different scales interacting with each other . this is especially important in astrophysics , where an astronomical observation or a hypothesized system can only be understood | 1 |
in @xcite , we introduced a general method which assigns to any system of fields on cobordisms and system of action functionals on these fields a positive topological field theory ( tft | 1 |
the galactic bulge is major component of the milky way ( mw ) galaxy , morphologically distinct from the disk and halo , composed of mostly old stars with an embedded bar | 1 |
the aim of this article is to review the recent development of ion trap quantum computing . the field evolved rapidly in the recent decade . thus the many facets of experimental | 1 |
the question of first - cause has been troubling to philosophers and scientists alike for over two thousand years . aristotle found this sufficiently troubling that he proposed avoiding it by having | 1 |
ever since the pioneering work of belavin , polyakov and zamolodchikov @xcite , two - dimensional conformal field theory has been at the forefront of much of the progress in modern mathematical | 1 |
globular clusters ( gcs ) , as single - age , single - metallicity objects , are excellent tracers of the formation history of their host galaxies , through their dynamics , | 1 |
given a @xmath4-linear monoidal category @xmath5 , there are two ways to decategorify it to obtain an algebra . one may take the grothendieck group @xmath6 , or instead take the zeroth | 1 |
a finitely generated group is _ word hyperbolic _ @xcite if it acts properly and cocompactly on a metric space ( e.g. , its cayley graph ) satisfying a certain coarse geometric | 1 |
the simplest division of all cosmologies is into two broad classes : those postulating the eternal universe and those which postulate some origin of the universe , or at least the part | 1 |
let @xmath3 be a finite - dimensional affine algebraic group defined over a field @xmath4 of characteristic zero . for any ( discrete ) group @xmath5 , the set of all representations | 1 |
this paper concerns the @xmath0-module @xmath3 = a / \text{span}(\{ab - ba \mid a , b \in a\})$ ] ( also known as the zeroth hochschild homology , @xmath4 ) for certain | 1 |
massive stars exert a major influence on their immediate surroundings , and play a dominant role in the evolution of their host galaxies . wolf - rayet ( wr ) stars represent | 1 |
studying the dust properties in molecular clouds is important to understand the overall process of dust evolution between different phases , such as between the diffuse and the dense interstellar medium ( | 1 |
the last decade has witnessed a proliferation in methodologies for numerically solving large - scale problems in electrostatics and electronic structure . the rapid growth has been driven by several factors . | 1 |
* abstract * + * 1 . introduction * + * 2 . miscellaneous : definitions , units , magnitudes , etc * + * 3 . theoretical preliminaries * 3.1 mean | 1 |
the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of a finite undirected graph , @xmath14 , are real and hence can be ordered @xmath15 where @xmath16 is the number of vertices in @xmath14 . | 1 |
an idea of dynamical symmetry breaking ( dsb ) was introduced by nambu and jona - lasinio in quantum field theory in ref . @xcite ( for modern reviews see , e.g. | 1 |
the two - fluid model as a phenomenological theory of superfluidity for he ii was a major conceptual breakthrough in quantum hydrodynamics since it gives an excellent account of the data in | 1 |
over the past decade or so two separate developments have occurred in computer science whose intersection promises to open a vast new area of research , an area extending far beyond the | 1 |
the theory of hilbert spaces plays a central role in contemporary mathematics with numerous applications for linear operators , partial differential equations , in nonlinear analysis , approximation theory , optimization theory | 1 |
classical novae form a subclass of the cataclysmic variable stars . they are semidetached binary star systems where a late - type roche - lobe - filling star transfers mass to a | 1 |
the 2013 nobel prize in physics was awarded to francois englert and peter higgs for their work in 1964 on the higgs mechanism , work that led in 2012 to the discovery | 1 |
the problem of motion , one of the cardinal problems of einstein s gravitation theory , has received continuous attention over the years . the early , classic works of lorentz - | 1 |
using the karl g. jansky very large array ( vla ) , the nrao vla sky survey ( nvss ) @xcite is a 1.4 ghz continuum survey covering the entire sky north | 1 |
this paper concerns a fundamental question in high - dimensional stochastic geometry : 1 . is it likely that a random subspace of fixed dimension does _ not _ intersect a given | 1 |
in the year 2000 the standard model was believed to be consistent with all known experimental facts ( except the possible existence of a neutrino mass ) . yet there are many | 1 |
x - ray binaries ( xrbs ) are stellar systems consisting of a compact object ( neutron star , black hole , white dwarf ) accreting material from a close companion star | 1 |
we study an operator @xmath7 in two dimensions , where @xmath2 is an integer , @xmath1 , @xmath3 is a quasi - periodic potential being a trigonometric polynomial : @xmath8 we assume | 1 |
the focus of this paper is on the class of ` unimodular ' measures on the space @xmath4 throughout the paper , _ all riemannian manifolds we consider are connected and complete | 1 |
* sle and its conformal markov property . * oded schramm s sle processes introduced in @xcite have deeply changed the way mathematicians and physicists understand critical phenomena in two dimensions . | 1 |
the study of li in open clusters provides invaluable information about physical processes occurring in the interiors of stars . this is because , inside stars , at t @xmath4 2.5 million | 1 |
the development of physics relied considerably on the copernician principle , which states that we are not living in a particular place in the universe and stating that the laws of physics | 1 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.