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the electrons that carry charge current in electronic circuits also have spins . in non - ferromagnetic samples , the spins are usually randomly oriented and do not play a role in | 0 |
as the @xmath0 factories @xcite continue to accumulate large data samples , an increasing number of different @xmath0-decay modes becomes accessible to investigation . many of these modes carry interesting information on | 0 |
variational principles have a long and distinguished history in physics . apart from global formulations of physical principles , equivalent to local differential equations , they also are useful to approximate problems | 0 |
reversible quantum logic gates are being used almost universally today as a means to understand modern physics . their concept enables atoms , photons , and molecules to be used as quantum | 0 |
quantum hall effects are characteristic of two - dimensional ( 2d ) electron gases in strong magnetic fields . the integral quantum hall effect ( iqhe ) @xcite is explained in terms | 0 |
the connection between cluster algebras and poisson structures is documented in @xcite . among the most important examples in which this connection has been utilized are coordinate rings of double bruhat cells | 0 |
nonlinear rheological behavior of glassy materials under stationary shearing has attracted considerable attention in recent years since it provides additional insight into the physics of glass transition @xcite . for such systems | 0 |
the development of multi - functional codes capable of predicting quantum transport properties of complex systems is an increasingly active field of research@xcite . this is driven in part by the top | 0 |
two - dimensional ( 2d ) turbulence at high reynolds numbers can organize spontaneously into large - scale and long - lived coherent structures of jets and vortices . coherent structures are | 0 |
brown dwarfs are self - gravitating objects with physical and atmospheric properties intermediate between stars and planets . with masses below @xmath10.075 m@xmath2 depending on age and metallicity . see @xcite for | 0 |
it has been recognized for many years that observations of clusters of galaxies can be applied effectively to test theories of the evolution of the universe . as the largest gravitationally bound | 0 |
the ability to simulate hydrodynamic flow is key to studying most astrophysical objects . supernova explosions , gamma - ray bursts , x - ray bursts , classical novae , the outbursts | 0 |
there are many routes to minkowski space . but the most physical one still seems to me via the law of inertia . and even along these lines alternative approaches exist . | 0 |
this year marks the @xmath0 anniversary of two seminal papers by slonczewski @xcite and berger @xcite on the spin transfer torque ( stt ) phenomenon . this refers to the transfer of | 0 |
in the theory of critical phenomena it is usually assumed that a physical system near a continuous phase transition is characterized by a single length scale ( the `` correlation length '' | 0 |
one of the most important aspects of string theory with potential applications to beyond - the - standard - model physics and cosmology is the existence of additional extended objects . a | 0 |
most types of binary stars observed today in a long - term interacting phase of their evolution such as cataclysmic variables , x - ray binaries and contact binaries and other types | 0 |
neural systems process information . this processing is of fundamental biological importance for all animals and humans alike as its main ( if not sole ) biological purpose is to ensure the | 0 |
until recently , the _ quantum chaos theory _ was mainly related to few - body physics . on the other hand , in real physical systems such as many - electron | 0 |
many solids have a crystalline structure . however , ideal crystals are absent in nature , and most of their physical properties , such as plasticity , melting , growth , etc | 0 |
almost eighty years ago w. baade and f. zwicky proposed a very profound idea that supernovae are the sources of the bulk of relativistic particles that are detected at the earth as | 0 |
type i x - ray bursts are the most frequent types of thermonuclear stellar explosions in the galaxy . as well , they rank third after supernovae and classical novae in terms | 0 |
in general relativity , the gravitational field is encoded in the very geometry of space - time . geometry is no longer an inert backdrop providing just a stage for physical happenings | 0 |
in this paper , we consider the cauchy problem for the cubic - quintic nonlinear schrdinger equation ( nls ) on @xmath2 : @xmath3 which arises as the natural hamiltonian evolution associated | 0 |
the experimental realization of bose - einstein condensation in dilute atomic gases @xcite , has led to a large increase in the amount of both experimental and theoretical research on these quantum | 0 |
soon after the invention of inflationary cosmology it was realized that inflation may divide our universe into many exponentially large domains corresponding to different metastable vacuum states @xcite . the total number | 0 |
yields from stellar simulations depend on the initial isotopic composition of the star . for example , the initial composition is important during hydrostatic burning phases for neutron capture reactions on initial | 0 |
unveiling the fundamental principles behind complex behavior in matter is a problem at the frontiers of condensed matter physics and embraces cases like the high - temperature superconductors , heavy fermions , | 0 |
a wide range of soft materials exhibit slow relaxations strongly reminiscent of the glassy dynamics observed in hard condensed matter . these materials include concentrated or strongly interacting colloidal suspensions , emulsions | 0 |
the _ gromov product _ with reference point @xmath0 of a metric space @xmath1 is defined by @xmath2 we call a sequence @xmath3 in @xmath4 _ convergent at infinity _ if @xmath5 | 0 |
unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma - ray sources ( ugss ) ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ) is one of the biggest challenges in contemporary gamma - | 0 |
in this short introduction we would like to introduce the two players in the title , random matrix theory ( rmt ) and quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) , on a superficial | 0 |
the planck satellite has provided the most precise map of perturbation at around the recombination epoch of the universe through the measurement of the cosmic microwave background ( cmb ) . the | 0 |
the combinatorial datum that specifies a cluster algebra of geometric type is an extended exchange matrix @xmath2 , which consists of a skew - symmetrizable integer matrix @xmath0 , called an exchange | 0 |
static axisymmetric vacuum gravity in four dimensions is generally solved by the elegant weyl solutions @xcite which reduce the 3 independent einstein equations to one elliptic laplace equation . however , solutions | 0 |
several years ago , mclerran and venugopalan @xcite recognized the existence of a regime in which the gluon structure functions ought to be calculable within quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) . their | 0 |
many important problems in the theory of integrable systems and approximation theory can be recast as riemann - hilbert problems for a matrix - valued unknown . via the connection with approximation | 0 |
a carousel is an automated storage and retrieval system , widely used in modern warehouses . it consists of a number of shelves or drawers , which are linked together and are | 0 |
massive stars dominate the feedback to the local interstellar medium ( ism ) in star - forming galaxies via their stellar winds and ultimate death as core - collapse supernovae . in | 0 |
one of the most important predictions of modern theory of strong interactions , the quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) , is that in the processes occuring at high energies these interactions become | 0 |
a growing body of evidence suggests that the stellar population of the galactic nucleus is distinct from that of the bulge . surface brightness measurements from the nir to the fir show | 0 |
continuous measurement of quantum systems @xcite , the study of quantum systems states under the influence of observation prolonged in time , has been a topic of considerable activity in recent years | 0 |
the purpose of this paper is to provide the mathematical analysis , and proposed explanation , for a remarkable experimental observation of seiner _ et al _ on a single crystal of | 0 |
recently , x - shaped radio galaxies ( xrgs)a peculiar class of radio galaxies with two pairs of misaligned lobes @xcite have received significant attention as new observations have explored and critiqued | 0 |
galaxy - scale outflows of gas , sometimes called ` superwinds , ' have been known for some time to be a ubiquitous phenomenon in galaxies undergoing intense and spatially concentrated star | 0 |
ultra - luminous x - ray sources ( ulxs , see mushotzky 2004 for a review , and references therein ) are defined as non - nuclear point - like sources with | 0 |
one of the most important applications of non commutative geometry ( ncg ) to physics is a unified description of the standard model . the most elegant version rests upon a k | 0 |
the study of thermoelectric effects in nanostructures @xcite is attracting increasing interest . heat - to - work conversion based on thermoelectricity promises an enhanced efficiency as a consequence of the reduction | 0 |
recently , there is much interest in the dynamics of traffic breakdowns behind bottlenecks @xcite . measurements of traffic breakdowns on various freeways in the usa @xcite , germany , @xcite , | 0 |
in @xcite , thurston put a complex hyperbolic structure on the space @xmath2 of euclidean metrics on the sphere with fixed cone angles @xmath3 by showing that the area of the metric | 0 |
@xmath3 after totally geodesic @xmath4-spheres , clifford tori represent the next simplest minimal embeddings of closed surfaces in the round unit @xmath1-sphere @xmath5 . in fact marques and neves @xcite , in | 0 |
for more than one hundred years , formidable work has gone into recording and preserving optical images of the celestial sphere . coordinated large - scale efforts began with the carte du | 0 |
in two recent papers @xcite , a new calculation of the phase shift of a matter - wave interferometer caused by the passage of a gravitational wave was presented . this calculation | 0 |
the study of the formation of population iii stars in a cosmological context via high - resolution simulations is becoming a mature discipline , with multiple groups finding similar results ( bromm | 0 |
the ads / cft correspondence @xcite@xcite@xcite implies that type iib string theory in @xmath7 is equivalent to @xmath2 super - yang - mills in four dimensions . in the classical string theory | 0 |
these notes are a somewhat expanded version of lectures given at the epf lausanne under the troisieme cycle de la suisse romande programme in november 1998 , and later at the 12th | 0 |
the ` no - hair ' theorems for black holes imply that the region around the horizon must be a vacuum @xcite . hawking showed that entangled pairs are created at such | 0 |
a quantum random walk can be considered as a quantum analog of the more familiar classical random walk on a lattice . in this much simpler case the study of interesting return | 0 |
as the nearest large spiral galaxy , m31 is a fundamental benchmark for studies of disk galaxy evolution , and our understanding of the evolution of m31 has changed profoundly during the | 0 |
the sm ( standard model ) @xcite which describes within an unprecedental scale of energies and distances the strong and electroweak interactions of elementary particles relays on a few basic principles - | 0 |
many network - like structures in nature are composed of filaments forming intricate interconnected arrays across different scales of organisation . for instance , filamentous structures can be observed in networks of | 0 |
the acceleration and collimation of powerful bipolar outflows and jets in a variety of astronomical settings are often attributed to the action of magnetic fields ( see , e.g. , @xcite and | 0 |
superstring theory has been investigated intensively since it is the only known consistent theory describing quantum gravity . in recent years , important aspects of superstring theory , which are closely related | 0 |
though well - studied for over fifty years , the spectral theory of hyperbolic surfaces still presents basic unresolved questions @xcite . for example , does there exist a noncompact , finite | 0 |
modern atomic spectroscopy studies the structure and properties of practically any atom of the periodic table as well as of ions of any ionization degree . particular attention is paid to their | 0 |
phylogenetic trees ( evolutionary trees ) are widely used in evolutionary biology to represent the tree - like evolution of a collection of extant species . however , due to reticulation events | 0 |
the formalism of noncommutative geometry is useful in string theory when one studies certain special points in the moduli space of compactifications . in string theory , small size manifolds are related | 0 |
strongly correlated electron systems display remarkably interesting and puzzling phenomena , such as high temperature superconductivity , colossal magnetoresistance , heavy fermion behavior , huge volume expansions and collapses to name a | 0 |
the phase - space formulation of quantum mechanics has received a renewed attention in the last decades @xcite because it allows to employ notions and tools of classical physics in the quantum | 0 |
most mass in the universe is in the form of dark matter , and most dark matter is gravitationally clustered in the form of halos . dark matter halos are therefore the | 0 |
in the long theoretical preparation for the lhc , a wide spectrum of options for the new physics at the tev scale has been considered . a major role has been played | 0 |
this paper concerns the classical ground state of the hamiltonian @xmath1 where @xmath2 are unit vectors , and the couplings @xmath3 have the symmetry of the lattice and may extend several neighbors | 0 |
tilings of the plane are of interest both to statistical physicists and recreational mathematicians . solomon golomb , in a 1953 talk at the harvard math club , defined a class of | 0 |
tremendous progress has been realized in the last decades concerning the theoretical foundation of quantum optics in dielectric media . while the historical approach proposed by jauch and watson @xcite was already | 0 |
binary stars matter in astronomy in many different ways : as calibrators of various stellar properties , as tracers of star formation , and as hosts to diverse astrophysical phenomena such as | 0 |
mixture models are common tools in statistical pattern recognition @xcite . they offer a mathematical basis to explain data in fields as diverse as astronomy , biology , ecology , engineering , | 0 |
the @xmath4dimensional anti de sitter space @xmath9 is a homogeneous space with constant negative curvature and cosmological constant . its symmetry group @xmath10 plays the role of the @xmath4dimensional poincar group , | 0 |
wireless networks are ubiquitous and are on their way to become even more prevalent , e.g. , with the advent of internet - of - things . wireless communication is , however | 0 |
any conceivable theory of structure formation in the universe predicts statistical properties of observable quantities . therefore , the analysis of the present inhomogeneity of the universe is inevitably statistical . however | 0 |
in this paper we introduce a general lagrangian framework to study the dissipative properties of two component systems composed of a high - loss and lossless components which can have gyroscopic properties | 0 |
in the present , within the standard model ( henceforth sm ) the most of present high energy physics experiments can be explained relatively well . however , many phenomenas are still | 0 |
fifteen years , the area of channel coding has been revolutionized by the practical realization of capacity - approaching coding schemes , initiated by the invention of turbo codes and their associated | 0 |
stars form in dense and cool molecular clouds . when the local density is high enough , the matter can gravitationally collapse and form a young stellar object ( yso ) . | 0 |
proposed by thirring @xcite half a century ago , the _ thirring model _ is a quantum field theory ( qft ) of a spinor field in a two dimensional space - | 0 |
the problem of self - avoiding walks ( saws ) on lattices provides perhaps the simplest geometrical model of equilibrium critical phenomena ( i.e. , non - trivial power - laws in | 0 |
in this paper we construct a generalized universal cover for a very large class of uniform spaces called _ coverable _ spaces , which includes all geodesic metric spaces ( corollary [ | 0 |
in the past decade , more than 400 extrasolar planets have been discovered around nearby solar - type stars . most of these known planets are probably gas giants because they have | 0 |
quantum mechanics determines the behavior of physical systems at atomic and subatomic scales . the search for quantum effects at macroscopic scales started soon after the development of quantum mechanics . a | 0 |
this paper considers estimation and inference in linear and nonlinear panel data models with random coefficients and endogenous regressors . the quantities of interest are means , variances , and other moments | 0 |
in the course of a nova eruption , a significant amount of material ( @xmath2 m@xmath3 ) is ejected , which can form a visible shell around the system . observation of | 0 |
the problem of time synchronization in large distributed systems consists of giving all the physically disjoint elements of the system a common time scale on which to operate . this common time | 0 |
one of the most important goals of modern theoretical physics is to reconcile two of its cornerstones : general relativity ( gr ) and quantum theory ( qt ) . both theories | 0 |
rna is an important biopolymer critical to all living systems @xcite and may be the crucial entity in prebiotic evolution @xcite . like for dna , there are four types of nucleotides | 0 |
there is a vast literature on epidemics on complex networks ( see @xcite for a review ) . most of the epidemic models consider a transmission mechanism which is independent of the | 0 |
one of the most important developments in the field of interstellar gas dynamics during the last half - century was the renewed perception that most processes and structures are strongly affected by | 0 |
this paper studies the complexity of the reachability problem for a class of programs featuring procedures and local / global variables ranging over integers . in general , the reachability problem for | 0 |
the motivation for the study reported in this paper comes from the celebrated and long - standing problem , originally posed by erds @xcite in 1946 , of obtaining a sharp lower | 0 |
the resonant excitation by coherent optical radiation of an electronic transition in a semiconductor , e.g. a valence- to conduction - band excitation , creates a quantum - mechanical coherent superposition of | 0 |
in the last few years , great progress has been made towards the understanding of the out of equilibrium dynamics of _ classical _ systems with slow dynamics and aging effects . | 0 |
recently , there has been a lot of interest in cosmological solutions in the presence of a cosmological constant , when the latter is significant compared to the present total energy density | 0 |
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